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137:, they often include date and time-of-day functions as well. Some may have a connector for external sensors, allowing the stopwatch to be triggered by external events, thus measuring elapsed time far more accurately than is possible by pressing the buttons with one's finger. The first digital timer used in organized sports was the Digitimer, developed by Cox Electronic Systems, Inc. of Salt Lake City Utah (1962). It utilized a
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111:, both starting and stopping are triggered automatically, by sensors. The timing functions are traditionally controlled by two buttons on the case. Pressing the top button starts the timer running, and pressing the button a second time stops it, leaving the elapsed time displayed. A press of the second button then resets the stopwatch to zero. The second button is also used to record
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to detect and respond to visual stimulus. However, in most situations where a stopwatch is used, there are indicators that the timing event is about to happen, and the manual action of starting/stopping the timer can be much more accurate. The average measurement error using manual timing was
119:. When the split time button is pressed while the watch is running it allows the elapsed time to that point to be read, but the watch mechanism continues running to record total elapsed time. Pressing the split button a second time allows the watch to resume display of total time.
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The stopwatch function is also present as an additional function of many electronic devices such as wristwatches, cell phones, portable music players, and computers. Humans are prone to make mistakes every time they use one. Normally, humans will take about
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Many mechanical stopwatches are of the 'decimal minute' type. These split one minute into 100 units of 0.6s each. This makes addition and subtraction of times easier than using regular seconds.
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readout and provided a resolution of 1/1000 second. Its first use was in ski racing but was later used by the World
University Games in Moscow, Russia, the U.S. NCAA, and in the Olympic trials.
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on any of their experiments. For stopwatches, the units of time that are generally used when observing a stopwatch are minutes, seconds, and 'one-hundredth of a second'.
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Chronograph with quartz movement and battery. The small red hand makes one revolvement per second, enabling a relatively high precision for time stopping operations.
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644:"A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first-year students"
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Sped-up stopwatch animation. The text below the image shows the time that corresponds to the movement of the indicator around the stopwatch.
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If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.
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The device is used when time periods must be measured precisely and with a minimum of complications. Laboratory experiments and
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694:"Reliability and Accuracy of Handheld Stopwatches Compared With Electronic Timing in Measuring Sprint Performance"
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A large digital version of a stopwatch designed for viewing at a distance, as in a sports stadium, is called a
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evaluated to be around 0.04 s when compared to electronic timing, in this case for a running sprint.
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For example: If the result from measuring the width of a window is 1.50 ± 0.05 m, 1.50 will be
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designed to measure the amount of time that elapses between its activation and deactivation.
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NIST Recommended
Practice Guide: Special Publication 960-12 Stopwatch and Timer Calibrations
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timing element, are much more accurate than mechanical timepieces. Because they contain a
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107:. In manual timing, the clock is started and stopped by a person pressing a button. In
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Gust, Jeff C.; Graham, Robert M.; Lombardi, Michael A. (January 2009).
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495:. A chronograph combines the functions of a stopwatch and a standard
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In most science experiments, researchers will normally use SI or the
231:{\displaystyle \sigma _{Q}={\sqrt {\sigma _{a}^{2}+\sigma _{b}^{2}}}}
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contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article
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Digital electronic stopwatches are available which, due to their
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Jain, Aditya; Bansal, Ramta; Kumar, Avnish; Singh, KD (1991).
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International
Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research
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having two buttons (start/stop and reset) besides the crown
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International Earth
Rotation and Reference Systems Service
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is the value which is actually found from the experiment.
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To get more accurate results, most researchers use the
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748:"Stopwatch and Timer Calibrations (2009 edition)"
539:Stopwatch function in a Casio digital wristwatch.
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16:Handheld timepiece measuring an amount of time
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796:Open Source Physics Stop Watch Computer Model
168:in order to reduce any error in experiments.
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19:For the UK civil rights organisation, see
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64:Learn how and when to remove this message
2331:International Commission on Stratigraphy
122:Mechanical stopwatches are powered by a
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551:A digital stopwatch application on an
268:is the sum of the uncertainty between
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166:propagation of uncertainty equation
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618:"The History of the Digital Watch"
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2051:Discrete time and continuous time
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715:"A Summary of Error Propagation"
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389:is the value of the uncertainty.
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325:{\displaystyle \sigma _{b}^{2}}
293:{\displaystyle \sigma _{a}^{2}}
2124:History of timekeeping devices
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574:, maker of the first stopwatch
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457:International System of Units
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2071:Gravitational time dilation
1907:Barycentric Coordinate Time
1566:Geological history of Earth
720:. a collage. Archived from
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440:{\displaystyle \sigma _{b}}
413:{\displaystyle \sigma _{a}}
382:{\displaystyle \sigma _{b}}
353:{\displaystyle \sigma _{a}}
261:{\displaystyle \sigma _{Q}}
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1927:Geocentric Coordinate Time
1912:Barycentric Dynamical Time
1850:Coordinated Universal Time
918:Orders of magnitude (time)
572:Samuel Watson (horologist)
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661:10.4103/2229-516X.157168
2341:Astronomical chronology
2314:Archaeology and geology
2021:Absolute space and time
1937:IERS Reference Meridian
1932:International Date Line
1843:International standards
1584:Absolute space and time
1235:Astronomical chronology
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1634:Time reversal symmetry
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2300:Weekday determination
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1283:A series and B series
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1619:Theory of relativity
963:Daylight saving time
466:Types of stopwatches
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2531:Time value of money
2326:Geologic time scale
2181:History of sundials
2046:Cosmological decade
1998:Greenwich Mean Time
1829:Orders of magnitude
943:Thai six-hour clock
727:on 13 December 2016
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152:are good examples.
80:A digital stopwatch
2506:Mental chronometry
2134:Marine chronometer
1986:Obsolete standards
1473:Rosy retrospection
1451:Mental chronometry
1275:Philosophy of time
598:The Stopwatch Gang
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1333:Temporal finitism
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479:Digital stopwatch
420:and 0.05 will be
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1078:Hindu Panchang
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3:
2:
2574:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2375:units of time
2371:
2365:
2364:Sidereal time
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Galactic year
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2305:Weekday names
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Tropical year
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Intercalation
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:(lunar Hijri)
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Time dilation
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:24-hour clock
1900:
1898:
1897:12-hour clock
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1655:Chronobiology
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Arrow of time
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:Geochronology
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:Wheel of time
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Periodization
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:Digital clock
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Relative hour
956:
954:
953:24-hour clock
951:
949:
948:12-hour clock
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
931:
925:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
891:
887:
884:
882:
877:
873:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
842:
838:
831:
826:
824:
819:
817:
812:
811:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
780:
767:
749:
742:
723:
716:
710:
695:
689:
681:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
623:
619:
613:
609:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
554:
547:
542:
535:
530:
523:
518:
514:
507:
502:
498:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
469:
463:
460:
458:
448:
432:
428:
405:
401:
374:
370:
362:
345:
341:
333:
317:
312:
308:
285:
280:
276:
253:
249:
241:
240:
221:
216:
212:
208:
203:
198:
194:
188:
183:
179:
171:
170:
169:
167:
162:
159:
156:180–200
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
86:
78:
68:
65:
57:
45:
43:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2511:Decimal time
2240:Astronomical
2153:
2119:Complication
2114:Atomic clock
1729:Time capsule
1723:Tempus fugit
1721:
1643:Other fields
1342:
1323:Perdurantism
1245:Calendar era
1197:
1190:
1176:Cuckoo clock
1161:
1113:astronomical
1087:
913:Unit of time
844:Key concepts
766:cite journal
754:. Retrieved
741:
729:. Retrieved
722:the original
709:
697:. Retrieved
688:
654:(2): 124–7.
651:
647:
637:
625:. Retrieved
621:
612:
461:
454:
392:
163:
158:milliseconds
154:
143:
128:
121:
116:
112:
104:
102:
93:
91:
60:
51:
42:lead section
40:
2521:System time
2516:Metric time
2235:Solar Hijri
2161:Water clock
2144:Radio clock
2076:Time domain
2056:Proper time
1942:Leap second
1824:Chronometry
1739:Time travel
1717:System time
1624:Time domain
1609:Proper time
1433:use of time
1404:Father Time
1384:Immortality
1374:Ages of Man
1303:Endurantism
1260:Regnal year
1240:Big History
1169:water-based
1068:Solar Hijri
978:Hexadecimal
928:Measurement
890:Chronometry
876:Measurement
567:Chronograph
493:chronograph
113:split times
2551:Categories
2536:Timekeeper
2489:Chronology
2473:Millennium
2359:Precession
2265:Julian day
2086:T-symmetry
1947:Solar time
1917:Civil time
1441:Chronemics
1416:Kalachakra
1328:Presentism
1313:Eternalism
1219:Chronology
1157:mechanical
1108:Main types
1026:Main types
756:10 October
731:10 October
604:References
583:Timekeeper
578:Time clock
139:Nixie-tube
124:mainspring
105:stop clock
2433:Fortnight
2280:Lunisolar
2270:Leap year
2204:Gregorian
2154:stopwatch
2129:Hourglass
2109:Astrarium
2026:Spacetime
1957:Time zone
1834:Metrology
1813:standards
1697:Leap year
1614:Spacetime
1488:Yesterday
1389:Dreamtime
1363:Mythology
1250:Deep time
1162:stopwatch
1137:hourglass
1118:astrarium
1048:Gregorian
1041:Lunisolar
1018:Calendars
1008:Time zone
881:standards
429:σ
402:σ
371:σ
342:σ
309:σ
277:σ
250:σ
213:σ
195:σ
180:σ
135:microchip
117:lap times
98:timepiece
94:stopwatch
21:StopWatch
2494:Duration
2468:Saeculum
2448:Olympiad
2290:Solstice
2219:Holocene
2196:Calendar
2096:Horology
1887:ISO 8601
1882:ISO 31-1
1757:Category
1505:Time in
1496:Tomorrow
1358:Religion
1298:Duration
1265:Timeline
1199:Timeline
998:Sidereal
866:Eternity
680:26097821
561:See also
2463:Century
2453:Lustrum
2383:Instant
2255:Equinox
2224:Islamic
2166:Sundial
2031:Chronon
1767:Commons
1690:Related
1604:Instant
1594:Chronon
1576:Physics
1516:Geology
1507:science
1379:Destiny
1224:History
1192:History
1147:sundial
1130:quantum
1073:Chinese
1063:Islamic
973:Decimal
968:Chinese
930:systems
856:Present
671:4456887
555:device.
553:Android
150:sprints
2557:Timers
2458:Decade
2413:Moment
2408:Minute
2403:Second
2373:Other
2230:Julian
2209:Hebrew
1855:offset
1707:Moment
1702:Memory
1554:period
1142:marine
1125:atomic
1100:Clocks
1058:Hebrew
1053:Julian
988:Metric
861:Future
699:28 Oct
678:
668:
627:28 Oct
2499:music
2438:Month
2398:Jiffy
2393:Shake
2388:Flick
2285:Solar
2275:Lunar
2250:Epact
2214:Hindu
2149:Watch
2104:Clock
1712:Space
1544:epoch
1534:chron
1492:Today
1461:tempo
1456:Music
1318:Event
1152:watch
1036:Lunar
1031:Solar
1003:Solar
993:Roman
983:Hindu
751:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
718:(PDF)
593:Timer
497:watch
148:like
96:is a
2443:Year
2428:Week
2418:Hour
1872:DUT1
1811:and
1431:and
1394:Kāla
1089:List
1083:Maya
879:and
851:Past
837:Time
779:help
758:2017
733:2017
701:2017
676:PMID
629:2017
451:Unit
300:and
2423:Day
1549:era
1539:eon
1529:age
908:TAI
898:UTC
666:PMC
656:doi
622:h2g
115:or
2553::
1867:ΔT
1862:UT
1494:–
1490:–
903:UT
770::
768:}}
764:{{
674:.
664:.
650:.
646:.
620:.
447:.
92:A
1801:e
1794:t
1787:v
829:e
822:t
815:v
781:)
777:(
760:.
735:.
703:.
682:.
658::
652:5
631:.
499:.
433:b
406:a
375:b
346:a
318:2
313:b
286:2
281:a
254:Q
222:2
217:b
209:+
204:2
199:a
189:=
184:Q
67:)
61:(
56:)
52:(
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.