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423:, sometimes (albeit erroneously) called Marie Thérèse Metoyer. He had initially leased her services as a domestic and concubine. When the parish priest filed charges against the black Coincoin for bearing mixed-race children while living in the residence of a white man, and threatened to sell her away to New Orleans, Metoyer bought her from her owner and privately manumitted her. Across the next thirty-seven years, he manumitted each of their children.
100:
75:
416:. The baptism of Jean Baptiste Brevelle II is recorded on May 20, 1736 in the oldest Catholic Registry in the Louisiana colony. Brevelle was granted the island by David Pain, the subdelegate at Natchitoches in 1765 for his service to the French and Spanish crowns as a Caddo Indian translator and explorer of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico.
288:
Tradition holds that the church was established by
Nicolas Augustin Metoyer in 1803 and that services have been held continuously since then. Historical records challenge the local lore. Parish records document the founding of the Chapel of St. Augustine "as a mission of the church of St. François of
312:
Metoyer family who built the chapel. Seated behind them were the families of prominent white planters and other
Creoles within the community with surnames Blanchard, Brevelle, Garcia, Landry, and Lemoine. Post-Civil War, St. Augustine chalked up another apparent first in U.S. racial history: its own
649:
to conduct services. They explicitly name the site at which the services were held. Those records repeatedly document that
Augustin Metoyer and his family brought their children and slaves to one or another named site for baptism or marriage. The first services were held on Augustin's plantation on
364:
A second church burned in the early 1900s. It was replaced by the present-day church building, which was completed in 1917. Tradition holds that early furnishings included paintings of patron saints
Augustine and Louis, in honor of the Metoyer brothers, as well as an altar brought from Europe by
296:
on the plantation of Sieur
Augustin Metoyer through the care and generosity of the above-named Augustin Metoyer, aided by Louis Metoyer, his brother. ... The said chapel ... having been dedicated to St. Augustine, shall be considered as under the protection of this great doctor." Tradition also
323:
On March 11, 1856, the mission of St. Augustine at Isle
Brevelle was decreed by Bishop Auguste Martin to be a parish in its own right and assigned Fr. Francois Martin to be its first resident pastor. As a parish in its own right, St. Augustine expanded to serve four other churches in the area:
430:, planter, and businesswoman, worked to buy the freedom of her five older black children from an earlier union with another slave. She secured that freedom for three of them. Together, her offspring and their families created a large Créole of color community in
380:
and went up for auction in the 1970s, the pastor of the church brought the oldest descendants of
Nicolas Augustin Metoyer to the auction and they pleaded to be allowed to purchase the painting for the Isle Brevelle community and for display in the church.
365:
other family members. The original bell that hung in the belfry above the vestibule is said to be the one still in use. An image of the original church survives as a backdrop in the contemporary oil portrait of its founder that hangs in the church today.
540:(unknown–1754), former Native American slave, mother of Jean Baptiste Brevelle II, and buried on Isle Brevelle at the Brevelle Plantation. St. Augustine is built on her family's Spanish land grant. Her descendants were patron families of St. Augustine.
948:
Metoyer to
Augustin, doc. 2409 (1792) and Metoyer to Dominique, doc. 2584 (1795), Colonial Archives, Office of the Clerk of Court, Natchitoches. Metoyer to Louis, Pierre, and Marie Susanne, Misc. Book 2: 207–11, Office of the Clerk of Court,
1463:
1558:
1494:
1478:
460:, draws upon her research in both family tradition and primary sources. She explores the founding of St. Augustine and the character of the religious leadership of the Isle Brevelle community in Creole Louisiana.
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The Church of St. Augustine is distinctive among
Southern churches of all denominations for its racial role reversals. Surviving pew records show that the front seats were occupied by the
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556:(born 1977), renowned venture capitalist and tribal councilman of the nearby Adai Caddo Indian Nation, is a lineal descendant of Isle Brevelle founder and patron of St. Augustine.
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Natchitoches" in July 1829, shortly after the church was constructed. The mission was recognized in 1856 as a parish in its own right, and authorized a resident priest.
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Natchitoches. Abstracts of the
Catholic Church Registers of the French and Spanish Post of St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches in Louisiana 1729-1803
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congregation by this time was almost exclusively people of color; but, it served as the mother church for the predominantly white congregation of
1588:
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534:(1742–1816), a planter, former slave turned slave owner, and businesswoman. Her sons were the architect and patron families of St. Augustine.
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The original structure has not survived. Union forces during the Red River Campaign of May 1864 were said to have torched the first church.
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Fr. J.B. Blanc, Reg. 6: 116. For a lengthy analysis of the evidence surrounding the construction of the chapel, see Gary B. Mills,
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When Father Jean Baptiste Blanc consecrated the chapel for religious use (19 July 1829), he reported that it had been "erected on
1150:
654:: 116. The second occurred four days later when Augustin's great-nephew Louis Monet married at the Chapel of St. Augustine; see
933:
Elizabeth Shown Mills, "Quintanilla's Crusade, 1775–1783: 'Moral Reform' and Its Consequences on the Natchitoches Frontier",
629:
1126:
604:
Early black Baptist churches were founded in South Carolina and Virginia around the time of the American Revolutionary War.
264:
37:
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A black-and-white image of the portrait is reproduced online in the archived edition of Ken Ringle, "Up through Slavery,"
575:"Church once featured in Steel Magnolias was first Black-founded, financed, and attended church for Catholics in the U.S."
1541:
601:
is recognized as the oldest church built by and for African Americans that is still standing in the United States. See
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The Metoyer brothers were two of ten children of the French merchant Claude Thomas Pierre Metoyer and the former slave
357:
1664:
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260:
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are named for him. Brevelle was an 18th-century explorer and soldier of the Natchitoches Militia. He is the son of
1082:
469:, which was lost for decades before being rediscovered a distributed digitally and in theaters beginning in 2020.
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333:
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372:(c. 1836) has hung in the church since the 1970s, featuring a portrait of Nicolas Augustin Metoyer posing in a
329:
222:
248:
Nicolas Augustin Metoyer, St. Augustine is celebrated as the first church in Louisiana to be built by and for
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314:
725:
chapter 9, summarizes the testimony in the numerous Civil War damage claims by St. Augustine parishioners.
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The History of St. Augustine's Parish; Isle Brevelle, Natchez, La.; 1803–1853; 1829–1954; 1856–1856
613:
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The parish registers from 1803–29 document each time the parish priest traveled to Cane River and
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Cane River National Heritage Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
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Cane River National Heritage Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
618:
Cane River National Heritage Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
8:
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
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994:"Self-Taught Artist Clementine Hunter Painted the Bold Hues of Southern Life"
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550:. Husband of Anne des Cadeaux and father of the namesake of Isle Brevelle.
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489:
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National Register of Historic Places in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
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describes the role of Augustin's brother Louis (founder of the nearby
1554:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
226:
252:. It is also among the oldest churches founded and built by and for
1615:
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
396:
The first Creole to settle the area is Jean Baptiste Brevelle II.
1655:
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
1640:
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
546:(1698-1754), early 18th century explorer, trader and soldier of
671:(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 197), 145–150.
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and swath of green fabric. This painting had been part of the
1125:
463:
The Church is depicted in the 1982 historical romantic drama
1079:, (Natchez) Isle Brevelle, Louisiana, Diocese of Alexandria
271:
history, St. Augustine also is a marked destination on the
524:(c. 1887–1988), self-taught folk artist, she lived at the
441:
Its core would be, and still is, St. Augustine Parish on
808:"Discovering Cenla, Grandpere, a Church, and a Portrait"
528:
within Isle Brevelle and attended mass at St. Augustine.
630:
Ron Stodghill, "Driving Back Into Louisiana’s History"
1650:
Tourist attractions in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
233:
area's historic French, Spanish, Native American and
1156:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1090:
The Forgotten People: Cane River's Creoles of Color
911:
The Forgotten People: Cane River's Creoles of Color
861:
The Forgotten People: Cane River's Creoles of Color
669:
The Forgotten People: Cane River's Créoles of Color
806:
652:Parish of St. François of Natchitoches, Register 6
1187:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
388:community has been held at St. Augustine Church.
1601:
448:
1579:National Register of Historic Places portal
408:, a Parisian-born trader and explorer, and his
338:St. Joseph's Catholic Mission at Bayou Derbonne
683:, Diocese of Alexandria, accessed 15 Jul 2008.
267:. Because of its significance in Catholic and
1111:
1071:"Louisiana's African American Heritage Trail"
969:, National Park Service, accessed 15 Jul 2008
737:, Diocese of Alexandria, accessed 15 Jul 2008
620:, National Park Service, accessed 15 Jul 2008
1083:The Spirit of a Culture: Cane River Creoles
237:community. It is also the oldest surviving
16:Historic church in Louisiana, United States
1625:Churches in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
1118:
1104:
1063:
1057:St. Augustine Catholic Church and Cemetery
697:"History of St. Augustine Catholic Church"
454:Elizabeth Shown Mills's historical novel,
384:For many years an annual festival for the
207:St. Augustine Catholic Church and Cemetery
49:
30:St. Augustine Catholic Church and Cemetery
1635:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1917
1630:Louisiana African American Heritage Trail
1127:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
548:Fort Saint Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches
305:), as the chapel's designer and builder.
273:Louisiana African American Heritage Trail
38:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1660:African-American Roman Catholic churches
1620:African-American cemeteries in Louisiana
351:
1016:
259:The church and cemetery are within the
1602:
1099:
1085:(2005), Louisiana Public Broadcasting
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832:
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798:
776:
217:parish property founded in 1829 near
691:
689:
265:National Register of Historic Places
888:. Heritage Books Inc. p. 4-8.
805:Dowdy, Verdis (21 September 1975).
735:Clyde Roque, "St. Augustine Church"
681:Clyde Roque, "St. Augustine Church"
391:
244:Established as a mission church by
229:. It is the cultural center of the
13:
1542:National Historic Preservation Act
1047:"Creoles in the Cane River Region"
991:
963:"Creoles in the Cane River Region"
795:
636:, 25 May 2008, accessed 7 Jul 2008
614:"Creoles in the Cane River Region"
358:Historic American Buildings Survey
14:
1691:
1670:Organizations established in 1829
1610:Cane River National Heritage Area
1040:
1017:Whitney, Amber (September 2023).
750:(Natchitoches: The Parish, 1956).
686:
515:
261:Cane River National Heritage Area
1680:1917 establishments in Louisiana
1675:1829 establishments in Louisiana
1584:
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833:Dowdy, Verdis (5 October 1975).
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334:Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana
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1495:Federated States of Micronesia
1141:Architectural style categories
746:Father J. J. Callahan et al.,
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330:St. Anne Church (Spanish Lake)
315:Mission Ste. Anne on Old River
185:
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701:St. Augustine Catholic Church
560:
449:Representation in other media
326:St. Charles Chapel at Bermuda
241:church in the United States.
107:Show map of the United States
982:(Provo: Ancestry.com, 2004).
913:. LSU Press. p. 50-67.
863:. LSU Press. p. 50-67.
835:"Isle Brevelle and Festival"
356:View of the church from the
342:St. Anne Chapel at Old River
19:United States historic place
7:
815:. The Town Talk. p. 43
473:
10:
1696:
1547:Historic Preservation Fund
1526:American Legation, Morocco
937:42 (Summer 2001): 277–302.
841:. The Town Talk. p. 7
777:Laney, Ruth (2018-07-24).
434:that spread the length of
303:National Historic Landmark
278:
1567:
1534:
1513:
1488:Lists by associated state
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1446:
1179:
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884:Mills, Elizabeth (2007).
703:(). Roman Catholic Church
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184:NRHP reference
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131:
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60:
48:
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35:
28:
24:
1665:Louisiana Creole culture
1469:Northern Mariana Islands
656:St. François Register 11
263:, and are listed on the
1053:, National Park Service
978:Elizabeth Shown Mills,
779:"As Seen by Clementine"
368:An oil painting titled
1464:Minor Outlying Islands
1447:Lists by insular areas
1161:Keeper of the Register
1077:"St. Augustine Church"
783:Country Roads Magazine
544:Jean Baptiste Brevelle
532:Marie Thérèse Coincoin
421:Marie Thérèse Coincoin
406:Jean Baptiste Brevelle
361:
1166:National Park Service
1146:Contributing property
1023:thetop100magazine.com
1019:"Robert Brevelle CEO"
960:The Forgotten People.
723:The Forgotten People,
599:African Meeting House
370:Papa Augustin Metoyer
355:
153:31.59361°N 92.97278°W
122:Louisiana Highway 484
82:Show map of Louisiana
1521:District of Columbia
998:Smithsonian Magazine
909:Mills, Gary (1977).
859:Mills, Gary (1977).
761:The Washington Post,
250:free people of color
211:Isle Brevelle Church
510:Natchitoches Parish
432:Natchitoches Parish
223:Natchitoches Parish
158:31.59361; -92.97278
149: /
1073:, Louisiana Travel
765:Washingtonpost.com
658:, entry 1829-#10.
650:19 July 1829; see
526:Melrose Plantation
500:Melrose Plantation
374:Prince Albert coat
362:
299:Melrose Plantation
200:September 24, 2014
126:Natchez, Louisiana
55:The church in 2019
1597:
1596:
1151:Historic district
935:Louisiana History
522:Clementine Hunter
410:Adai Caddo Indian
378:Melrose Planation
310:Créole de couleur
254:African Americans
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1428:West Virginia
1426:
1424:
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1333:New Hampshire
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1293:Massachusetts
1291:
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949:Natchitoches.
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648:
647:Isle Brevelle
642:
635:
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600:
594:
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488:
486:
485:Isle Brevelle
483:
481:
478:
477:
468:
467:
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459:
458:
457:Isle of Canes
453:
452:
446:
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443:Isle Brevelle
439:
437:
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407:
403:
399:
398:Isle Brevelle
389:
387:
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382:
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359:
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332:(serving the
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255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
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224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
199:
197:Added to NRHP
195:
192:
189:
182:
171:
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162:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
94:
69:
59:
52:
47:
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1393:South Dakota
1383:Rhode Island
1378:Pennsylvania
1358:North Dakota
1061:Find a Grave
1050:
1027:. Retrieved
1025:. p. 64
1022:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
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580:. 2023-12-19
578:KTALnews.com
577:
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418:
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383:
369:
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348:20th century
322:
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291:
287:
284:19th century
258:
243:
235:Black Creole
210:
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1514:Other areas
1474:Puerto Rico
1308:Mississippi
1223:Connecticut
156: /
132:Coordinates
1604:Categories
1423:Washington
1343:New Mexico
1338:New Jersey
1213:California
1029:2021-12-18
1003:2021-06-28
920:0807137138
895:0931069106
870:0807137138
845:2021-06-27
819:2021-06-27
788:2021-06-27
707:11 January
584:2024-01-15
561:References
490:Cane River
466:Cane River
231:Cane River
144:92°58′22″W
141:31°35′37″N
1433:Wisconsin
1398:Tennessee
1303:Minnesota
1278:Louisiana
597:Boston's
227:Louisiana
209:, or the
1589:Category
1418:Virginia
1368:Oklahoma
1348:New York
1323:Nebraska
1313:Missouri
1298:Michigan
1288:Maryland
1273:Kentucky
1253:Illinois
1228:Delaware
1218:Colorado
1208:Arkansas
474:See also
428:médecine
215:Catholic
191:14000679
117:Location
1535:Related
1438:Wyoming
1413:Vermont
1318:Montana
1258:Indiana
1238:Georgia
1233:Florida
1203:Arizona
1193:Alabama
958:Mills,
721:Mills,
279:History
219:Melrose
174: (
1373:Oregon
1328:Nevada
1268:Kansas
1243:Hawaii
1198:Alaska
1134:Topics
1092:(1977)
917:
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867:
412:wife,
340:, and
269:Creole
1505:Palau
1403:Texas
1283:Maine
1248:Idaho
169:Built
120:2262
1459:Guam
1408:Utah
1363:Ohio
1263:Iowa
915:ISBN
890:ISBN
865:ISBN
709:2024
400:and
301:, a
176:1917
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