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Ruth Sivard

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150:(ACDA) in 1961. She became the leader of ACDA's economic department three years later and began comparing military budgets to social statistics and other budgets in annual reports, including information on social indicators like 188:
This set of work continued to focus on the steady increase in defense spending in spite of other, more serious problems also needing attention, such as worldwide poverty, famine, illiteracy, and unemployment.
298: 406: 185:, which did not make the comparison to social spending. Sivard reported in 1986 that the White House was one of the best customers for her report. 269: 349: 426: 436: 220:
Military Budgets and Social Needs: Setting World Priorities. New York: Public Affairs Committee, 1977. Public affairs pamphlet, no. 551
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from 1961 to 1971, drawing attention to excessive military budgets by compiling data on international defense spending.
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Sivard left ACDA in 1971, and founded her own non-profit group, World Priorities. The organization, backed by the
396: 201:, with whom she had two children. She died of dementia in Washington, D.C., on August 21, 2015, aged 99. 197:
She was married to high school classmate Robert Sivard (1914–1990), the former art director of the
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Sivard worked with several federal agencies and non-governmental organizations before joining the
215: 174: 158:, Secretary of Defense, derided the reports as "misleading" and the agency was ordered by the 416: 411: 166: 127: 8: 223:
World Energy Survey. Leesburg, Va., USA (Box 1003, Leesburg 22075: World Priorities, 1981
135: 237: 227: 211: 151: 123: 110:(November 25, 1915 – August 21, 2015) was an American economist. She worked at the 65: 46: 170: 299:"Ruth Leger Sivard, economist who measured the cost of militarism, dies at 99" 375: 159: 131: 236:
Women, a world survey. 2nd edition. Washington, DC. World Priorities, 1995.
126:, to George and Susan (nÊe Zieten) Leger on November 25, 1915. She attended 155: 270:"Ruth Sivard, Economist Who Scrutinized Military Spending, Dies at 99" 181:
from 1974 to 1996. The government published its own annual report,
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Women; a world survey. Washington, DC, World Priorities, 1985.
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in 1937. Sivard obtained a master's degree in economics at
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administration to cease publishing the analyses in 1970.
373: 342: 210:World Military and Social Expenditures, 1974- 183:World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 177:, among others, published sixteen editions of 117: 324:"Two, it seems, can play the numbers game" 263: 261: 259: 257: 407:Deaths from dementia in Washington, D.C. 292: 290: 267: 374: 316: 296: 254: 179:World Military and Social Expenditures 130:, then earned a sociology degree from 287: 427:20th-century American women writers 148:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 112:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 13: 437:American women non-fiction writers 14: 458: 297:Langer, Emily (August 29, 2015). 442:20th-century American economists 422:Economists from New York (state) 392:Economists from Washington, D.C. 268:Roberts, Sam (August 29, 2015). 199:United States Information Agency 204: 122:Ruth Lucille Leger was born in 1: 432:Writers from Queens, New York 247: 382:People from Elmhurst, Queens 7: 447:21st-century American women 192: 10: 463: 402:New York University alumni 387:American women economists 141: 89: 81: 73: 54: 28: 21: 118:Early life and education 175:Rockefeller Foundation 397:Smith College alumni 167:Carnegie Corporation 128:Flushing High School 136:New York University 330:. January 18, 1986 47:Elmhurst, New York 33:Ruth Lucille Leger 16:American economist 356:. January 6, 1990 108:Ruth Leger Sivard 105: 104: 43:November 25, 1915 23:Ruth Leger Sivard 454: 366: 365: 363: 361: 346: 340: 339: 337: 335: 320: 314: 313: 311: 309: 294: 285: 284: 282: 280: 265: 152:infant mortality 124:Elmhurst, Queens 101: 98: 96: 66:Washington, D.C. 61: 42: 40: 19: 18: 462: 461: 457: 456: 455: 453: 452: 451: 372: 371: 370: 369: 359: 357: 348: 347: 343: 333: 331: 322: 321: 317: 307: 305: 303:Washington Post 295: 288: 278: 276: 266: 255: 250: 207: 195: 171:Ford Foundation 144: 120: 93: 69: 63: 59: 58:August 21, 2015 50: 44: 38: 36: 35: 34: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 460: 450: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 368: 367: 354:New York Times 341: 328:New York Times 315: 286: 274:New York Times 252: 251: 249: 246: 245: 244: 234: 224: 221: 218: 206: 203: 194: 191: 143: 140: 119: 116: 103: 102: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 64: 62:(aged 99) 56: 52: 51: 45: 32: 30: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 459: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 377: 355: 351: 345: 329: 325: 319: 304: 300: 293: 291: 275: 271: 264: 262: 260: 258: 253: 243: 242:9780918281104 239: 235: 233: 232:9780918281005 229: 225: 222: 219: 217: 213: 209: 208: 202: 200: 190: 186: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 163: 161: 157: 153: 149: 139: 137: 133: 132:Smith College 129: 125: 115: 113: 109: 100: 92: 88: 85:Robert Sivard 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 57: 53: 48: 31: 27: 20: 358:. Retrieved 353: 344: 332:. Retrieved 327: 318: 306:. Retrieved 302: 277:. Retrieved 273: 205:Bibliography 196: 187: 182: 178: 164: 156:Melvin Laird 145: 121: 107: 106: 60:(2015-08-21) 417:2015 deaths 412:1915 births 97:.ruthsivard 376:Categories 360:August 30, 334:August 29, 308:August 30, 279:August 30, 248:References 74:Occupation 39:1915-11-25 216:0363-4795 77:Economist 193:Personal 90:Website 240:  230:  214:  173:, and 142:Career 82:Spouse 68:, U.S. 49:, U.S. 160:Nixon 362:2015 336:2016 310:2015 281:2015 238:ISBN 228:ISBN 212:ISSN 99:.com 55:Died 29:Born 95:www 378:: 352:. 326:. 301:. 289:^ 272:. 256:^ 169:, 154:. 138:. 364:. 338:. 312:. 283:. 41:) 37:(

Index

Elmhurst, New York
Washington, D.C.
www.ruthsivard.com
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Elmhurst, Queens
Flushing High School
Smith College
New York University
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
infant mortality
Melvin Laird
Nixon
Carnegie Corporation
Ford Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation
United States Information Agency
ISSN
0363-4795
ISBN
9780918281005
ISBN
9780918281104




"Ruth Sivard, Economist Who Scrutinized Military Spending, Dies at 99"


"Ruth Leger Sivard, economist who measured the cost of militarism, dies at 99"

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