46:
459:
33:
270:
371:) comprises 600 to 800 species distributed in temperate climate and polar regions of the world. Fruits of Rubus species, commonly known as raspberries in Europe and the United States of America are largely distinguished by their color (red, black, and purple). Approximately 20 Rubus species are naturally found in Korea, including
470:
for products capitalizing on health claims are made by several methods; the most employed being conventional reflux heating or sonication extraction. Both methods share the same pre-preparation stage for samples before extraction. All samples are washed, dried in shade, and ground to a fine powder
412:
might reduce the risk of diseases, including asthma, allergies, and obesity (unripe fruits) and might be effective in reducing inflammation. They are said to exhibit antioxidative, antipyretic, anticancer, and anti-high cholesterol properties, similar to many other fruits and vegetables.
823:
Oh, D., Kim, Y., Choi, E., Lee, H., Jung, M., Bae, D., Jo, A., Kim, Y. R., Kim, S., (2016). Antiobesity
Effects of Unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel and Its Constituents: An In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of the Underlying Mechanism.
866:
839:
408:
has been used as traditional alternative medicine, as well as regular food, depending on its ripeness. Various studies are claimed to have demonstrated that fruits of
539:
804:
Lee, M. J., Nam, J. H., Jeong, J. H., Rho, R. I., (2020). Effect of Plant Part, Extraction Method, and
Harvest Time over Antioxidant Yield of Rubus coreanus.
1332:
439:
with various claimed benefits against cancer, heart disease, and other diseases. In the 21st century, numerous U.S.-based supplement companies received
904:
479:
under a vacuum. In the ultrasonic bath extraction method, samples are extracted with 70% methanol using an ultrasonic bath at 64 °C for 2 h.
1183:
352:
fruits are usually harvested between the May and July at peak harvest season. They can only be cultivated in a few areas in Korea, different to
1209:
874:
1131:
600:
1144:
432:, which in the marketing of Korean raspberry products is especially claimed to possess anti-obesity and antioxidant properties.
556:
493:
448:
562:
1327:
591:
1214:
339:
1170:
1307:
178:
1253:
651:
Eu, Gee-Suck; Chung, Byung-Yeoup; Bandopadhyay, Rajib; Yoo, Nam-Hee; Choi, Dong-Geun; Yun, Song-Joong (2008).
1196:
1123:
1110:
870:
629:
1058:
1053:
928:"Diversity and authentication of Rubus accessions revealed by complete plastid genome and rDNA sequences"
896:
367:
belongs to an extensive family of various fruit species with similar qualities. The genus Rubus (family
1248:
1149:
927:
728:
Lee, Jungmin; Dossett, Michael; Finn, Chad E. (2013). "Anthocyanin fingerprinting of true bokbunja (
1044:
548:
526:
photo from Watson, William, Climbing plants
Publisher: London : T.C. & E.C. Jack Language
653:"Phylogenic Relationships of Rubus Species Revealed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers"
45:
1312:
1118:
652:
452:
1188:
1105:
1006:
926:
Park, Young Sang; Park, Jee Young; Kang, Jung Hwa; Lee, Wan Hee; Yang, Tae-Jin (3 April 2021).
1322:
162:
987:
1227:
1079:
577:
385:
379:
280:
8:
992:
342:(although the majority of fruit commercially grown for producing this drink are actually
1274:
960:
705:
678:
440:
436:
416:
344:
187:
40:
513:
1240:
1222:
1066:
965:
947:
710:
552:
476:
472:
451:. Ellagic acid has been identified by the FDA as a "fake cancer 'cure'". There is no
373:
1317:
1279:
1071:
955:
939:
776:
741:
700:
690:
276:
943:
488:
331:
297:
83:
1201:
1302:
1235:
695:
321:
70:
781:
760:
745:
1296:
1029:
951:
1266:
969:
714:
475:
for three hours, with the extracts being filtered and concentrated using a
471:
using a mill. In the reflux method, the ground powder is extracted using a
444:
429:
458:
1157:
1038:
326:
32:
1136:
1162:
679:"Mistaken Identity: Clarification of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja)"
428:, like in every other raspberry and several other fruits and nuts, is
1092:
455:
to support the claims that ellagic acid can treat or prevent cancer.
313:
1000:
417:
Advertised compounds and industrial methods of making plant extracts
1261:
1023:
368:
269:
129:
96:
1175:
1097:
604:
119:
1084:
109:
424:
is rich in antioxidant compounds. A major active compound in
317:
139:
57:
677:
Lee, Jungmin; Dossett, Michael; Finn, Chad E. (2014).
650:
400:
316:
native to Korea, Japan, and China. It produces edible
514:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
356:, which can be cultivated widely across the country.
324:in the botanical sense) that can be fermented into
837:
761:"Analysis of bokbunja products show they contain
1294:
867:"187 Fake Cancer 'Cures' Consumers Should Avoid"
925:
727:
676:
1333:Taxa named by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel
897:"FDA Cracks Down On Unproved Cancer Cures"
31:
959:
780:
704:
694:
660:Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
601:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
457:
268:
840:"Warning letter:VitaPurity Corporation"
811:(5), 455–460. DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_549_19
1295:
861:
859:
857:
541:English Names for Korean Native Plants
443:for promoting ellagic acid with false
1005:
1004:
819:
817:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
584:
494:List of ineffective cancer treatments
359:
831:
590:
534:
532:
449:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
435:Ellagic acid has been marketed as a
854:
758:
401:Folk medicine use and health claims
13:
814:
789:
14:
1344:
980:
907:from the original on 29 June 2018
842:. US Food and Drug Administration
838:Miriam R. Burbach (12 May 2017).
828:, 1–15. DOI: 10.1155/2016/4357656
529:
1254:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:736034-1
44:
919:
889:
826:Hindawi Publishing Corporation
752:
721:
670:
644:
622:
520:
506:
466:Fruit and leave extracts from
1:
944:10.1080/23802359.2021.1911712
499:
871:Food and Drug Administration
348:, native to North America).
7:
769:Journal of Functional Foods
734:Journal of Functional Foods
482:
10:
1349:
696:10.3390/molecules190710524
1013:
782:10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.005
746:10.1016/j.jff.2013.06.006
335:
301:
193:
186:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1328:Plants described in 1867
932:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
549:Korea National Arboretum
806:Pharmacognosy Magazine,
462:Rubus Phylogenetic Tree
463:
284:
1308:Flora of Eastern Asia
759:Lee, Jungmin (2015).
551:. 2015. p. 336.
461:
272:
237:Rubus pseudosaxatilis
229:Rubus pseudosaxatilis
578:Korea Forest Service
386:Rubus corchorifolius
380:Rubus crataegifolius
249:Rubus quelpaertensis
16:Species of raspberry
993:Plants for a Future
453:scientific evidence
445:anti-disease claims
441:FDA warning letters
763:Rubus occidentalis
689:(7): 10524–10533.
464:
437:dietary supplement
360:Species variations
354:Rubus occidentalis
345:Rubus occidentalis
312:, is a species of
285:
1290:
1289:
1223:Open Tree of Life
1007:Taxon identifiers
558:978-89-97450-98-5
477:rotary evaporator
473:Soxhlet extractor
447:that violate the
374:Rubus parvifolius
340:Korean fruit wine
306:Korean blackberry
281:R. corchorifolius
267:
266:
261:
253:
245:
233:
225:
217:
205:
1340:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1204:
1202:NBNSYS0200003031
1192:
1191:
1179:
1178:
1166:
1165:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1139:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1113:
1101:
1100:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1074:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:"Rubus coreanus"
974:
973:
963:
938:(4): 1454–1459.
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
903:. 17 June 2008.
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
873:. Archived from
863:
852:
851:
849:
847:
835:
829:
821:
812:
802:
787:
786:
784:
756:
750:
749:
740:(4): 1985–1990.
725:
719:
718:
708:
698:
674:
668:
667:
657:
648:
642:
641:
626:
620:
619:
617:
615:
609:
603:. Archived from
598:
588:
582:
581:
575:
573:
567:
561:. Archived from
546:
536:
527:
524:
518:
517:
510:
337:
303:
273:(left to right)
259:
251:
243:
231:
223:
215:
203:
174:
154:R. coreanus
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1009:
986:
983:
978:
977:
924:
920:
910:
908:
895:
894:
890:
880:
878:
865:
864:
855:
845:
843:
836:
832:
822:
815:
803:
790:
757:
753:
726:
722:
675:
671:
655:
649:
645:
628:
627:
623:
613:
611:
610:on 26 June 2015
607:
596:
589:
585:
571:
569:
565:
559:
544:
538:
537:
530:
525:
521:
512:
511:
507:
502:
489:Black raspberry
485:
419:
403:
362:
224:H.Lév. ex Nakai
221:Rubus nakaianus
204:(H.Lév.) H.Lév.
182:
176:
170:
157:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1313:Flora of China
1310:
1305:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:wfo-0001002118
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1076:
1063:
1050:
1045:Rubus coreanus
1035:
1019:
1017:
1015:Rubus coreanus
1011:
1010:
999:
998:
982:
981:External links
979:
976:
975:
918:
888:
853:
830:
813:
788:
751:
730:Rubus coreanus
720:
669:
643:
638:Flora of China
632:Rubus coreanus
621:
593:BSBI List 2007
583:
568:on 25 May 2017
557:
528:
519:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
491:
484:
481:
418:
415:
406:Rubus coreanus
402:
399:
395:Rubus coreanus
391:Rubus oldhamii
365:Rubus coreanus
361:
358:
322:'true berries'
310:Korean bramble
289:Rubus coreanus
265:
264:
263:
262:
254:
246:
234:
226:
218:
209:Rubus coreanus
206:
197:Rubus coreanus
191:
190:
184:
183:
177:
172:Rubus coreanus
166:
165:
159:
158:
151:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
25:Rubus coreanus
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1345:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
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1216:
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1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
995:
994:
989:
985:
984:
971:
967:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
922:
906:
902:
898:
892:
877:on 2 May 2017
876:
872:
868:
862:
860:
858:
841:
834:
827:
820:
818:
810:
807:
801:
799:
797:
795:
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783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
764:
755:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:
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673:
665:
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341:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
299:
295:
291:
290:
283:
282:
278:
277:R. thibetanus
275:R. coreanus,
271:
258:
257:Rubus tokkura
255:
250:
247:
242:
238:
235:
230:
227:
222:
219:
214:
210:
207:
202:
198:
195:
194:
192:
189:
185:
180:
175:
173:
167:
164:
163:Binomial name
160:
156:
155:
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147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
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121:
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108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1323:Korean fruit
1014:
991:
935:
931:
921:
909:. Retrieved
900:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:the original
844:. Retrieved
833:
825:
808:
805:
772:
768:
762:
754:
737:
733:
729:
723:
686:
682:
672:
663:
659:
646:
637:
631:
624:
612:. Retrieved
605:the original
592:
586:
576:– via
570:. Retrieved
563:the original
540:
522:
508:
467:
465:
434:
430:ellagic acid
425:
421:
420:
409:
405:
404:
394:
390:
384:
378:
372:
364:
363:
353:
349:
343:
325:
309:
305:
293:
288:
287:
286:
274:
256:
248:
241:kouytchensis
240:
236:
228:
220:
212:
208:
201:kouytchensis
200:
196:
171:
169:
153:
152:
140:
103:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
1158:iNaturalist
1039:Wikispecies
911:16 February
775:: 144–149.
666:(1): 39–44.
572:22 December
547:. Pocheon:
468:R. coreanus
426:R. coreanus
422:R. coreanus
410:R. coreanus
350:R. coreanus
327:bokbunja ju
292:, known as
84:Angiosperms
1297:Categories
1236:Plant List
846:2 December
614:17 October
500:References
1124:200011387
1111:200011387
952:2380-2359
765:L. fruit"
683:Molecules
314:raspberry
213:nakaianus
148:Species:
54:Kingdom:
1267:27800346
1262:Tropicos
1241:rjp-3253
1189:11374373
1176:736034-1
1024:Wikidata
970:33969195
905:Archived
901:CBS News
732:Miq.)".
715:25045891
483:See also
294:bokbunja
188:Synonyms
130:Rosaceae
126:Family:
97:Eudicots
1318:Berries
1137:2991493
1030:Q841330
961:8079122
881:17 June
869:. U.S.
706:6271795
634:Miquel"
369:Rosacea
318:berries
260:Siebold
136:Genus:
120:Rosales
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1215:321593
1163:519249
1085:635850
1059:403530
968:
958:
950:
713:
703:
555:
393:, and
332:Korean
298:Korean
252:H.Lév.
244:H.Lév.
232:H.Lév.
216:H.Lév.
110:Rosids
1303:Rubus
1228:91575
1184:IRMNG
1150:32299
1098:RUBCO
1072:78XLW
656:(PDF)
608:(xls)
597:(xls)
566:(PDF)
545:(PDF)
338:), a
320:(not
308:, or
239:var.
211:var.
199:var.
141:Rubus
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1249:POWO
1210:NCBI
1171:IPNI
1145:GRIN
1132:GBIF
1093:EPPO
1054:BOLD
966:PMID
948:ISSN
913:2021
883:2008
848:2021
711:PMID
616:2014
574:2016
553:ISBN
336:복분자주
181:1867
179:Miq.
1275:WFO
1197:NBN
1119:FoC
1106:FNA
1080:EoL
1067:CoL
956:PMC
940:doi
777:doi
742:doi
701:PMC
691:doi
304:),
302:복분자
1299::
1277::
1264::
1251::
1238::
1225::
1212::
1199::
1186::
1173::
1160::
1147::
1134::
1121::
1108::
1095::
1082::
1069::
1056::
1041::
1026::
990:.
964:.
954:.
946:.
934:.
930:.
899:.
856:^
816:^
809:16
791:^
773:12
771:.
767:.
736:.
709:.
699:.
687:19
685:.
681:.
664:11
662:.
658:.
636:.
599:.
531:^
397:.
389:,
383:,
377:,
334::
300::
279:,
106::
93::
80::
67::
996:.
972:.
942::
936:6
915:.
885:.
850:.
785:.
779::
748:.
744::
738:5
717:.
693::
640:.
630:"
618:.
580:.
516:.
330:(
296:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
