60:
568:
590:
4321:"In Great Britain, the Yard, the Avoirdupois Pound, the troy pound, and the Apothecaries pound are identical with the units of the same names used in the United States." (The introduction to this appendix makes it clear that the appendix is only for convenience and has no normative value: "In most of the other tables, only a limited number of decimal places are given, therefore making the tables better adopted to the average user.")
2187:
1950:
1792:(34 mm) high, and 1.15 inches (29 mm) diameter, and the edges are carefully rounded off. It has a groove about 0.34 inches (8.6 mm) from the top, to allow the cylinder to be lifted using an ivory fork. It was constructed following the destruction of the Houses of Parliament by fire in 1834, and is stamped "P.S. 1844, 1 lb" (P.S. stands for "Parliamentary Standard").
1773:
standards themselves are legally defined so as to facilitate the resolution of disputes brought to the courts; only legally defined measures will be recognised by the courts. Quantifying devices used by traders (weights, weighing machines, containers of volumes, measures of length) are subject to official inspection, and penalties apply if they are fraudulent.
1808:
c. 49) said that contracts worded in terms of metric units would be deemed by the courts to be made according to the
Imperial units defined in the Act, and a table of metric equivalents was supplied so that the Imperial equivalents could be legally calculated. This defined, in UK law, metric units in
3185:
is credited with introducing the system of money to central and southern
England in the latter half of the eighth century, overseeing the minting of the earliest English silver pennies – emblazoned with his name. In practice they varied considerably in weight and 240 of them seldom
3063:
has been in use for more than two thousand years varying in exact value from one period to another, serving the same purpose as "pound" for the common-use measure of weight. In Hong Kong, for the purposes of commerce and trade between
Britain and Imperial China in the preceding centuries, three
1784:
c. 49) marked a major overhaul of the
British system of weights and measures, and the definition of the pound given there remained in force until the 1960s. The pound was defined thus (Section 4) "The ... platinum weight ... deposited in the Standards department of the Board of Trade ... shall
1772:
In the United
Kingdom, weights and measures have been defined by a long series of Acts of Parliament, the intention of which has been to regulate the sale of commodities. Materials traded in the marketplace are quantified according to accepted units and standards in order to avoid fraud. The
1791:
of this standard shall be called the
Imperial Standard Pound, and that all other weights mentioned in the act and permissible for commerce shall be ascertained from it alone. The first schedule of the act gave more details of the standard pound: it is a platinum cylinder nearly 1.35 inches
3067:
Hundreds of older pounds were replaced in this way. Examples of the older pounds are one of around 459â460 g (16.19â16.23 oz) in Spain, Portugal, and Latin
America; one of 498.1 g (17.57 oz) in Norway; and several different ones in what is now Germany.
2698:, these regions again became part of various German states. However, many of these regions retained the metric system and adopted a metric pound of precisely 500 g (17.64 oz). In 1854, the pound of 500 g also became the official mass standard of the
2243:, as used in their various trading places. The London pound is based on 16 ounces, each ounce divided as the tower ounce. It never became a legal standard in England; the use of this pound waxed and waned with the influence of the Hansa itself.
1763:
has often been an integral part of the avoirdupois system. By 1758, two
Elizabethan Exchequer standard weights for the avoirdupois pound existed, and when measured in troy grains they were found to be of 7,002 grains and 6,999 grains.
1785:
continue to be the imperial standard of ... weight ... and the said platinum weight shall continue to be the
Imperial Standard for determining the Imperial Standard Pound for the United Kingdom". Paragraph 13 states that the weight
4279:, vol. I: From Magna Charta to the End of the Reign of King Henry the Sixth. To which is prefixed, A Table of the Titles of all the Publick and Private Statutes during that Time, London: Mark Basket for the Crown, pp.
2807:
was a
Scandinavian measurement that varied in weight between regions. From the 17th century onward, it was equal to 425.076 g (14.9941 oz) in Sweden but was abandoned in 1889 when Sweden switched to the metric system.
4139:.National Museums of Scotland and Tuckwell Press, 2004, page 116, quoting from H. W. Chisholm, Seventh Annual Report of the Warden for the Standards..for 1872-73 (London, 1873), quoting from 1864 House of Commons Paper.
1926:
in France where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century. The troy pound is no longer in general use or a legal unit for trade (it was abolished in the United Kingdom on 6 January 1879 by the
2046:-weights or 15 Tower ounces, for general commercial use. Multiple pounds based on the same ounce were quite common. In much of Europe, the apothecaries' and commercial pounds were different numbers of the same ounce.
575:
Historically, in different parts of the world, at different points in time, and for different applications, the pound (or its translation) has referred to broadly similar but not identical standards of mass or force.
2385:
publication, the United States 1894 pound differed from the international pound by approximately one part in 10 million. The difference is so insignificant that it can be ignored for almost all practical purposes.
2639:(customary unit) was defined as 500 g (18 oz) by the decree of 28 March 1812. It was abolished as a unit of mass effective 1 January 1840 by a decree of 4 July 1837, but is still used informally.
657:, especially in their trade. The weights of traded precious metals, such as gold and silver, are normally quoted just in ounces (e.g. "500 ounces") and, when the type of ounce is not explicitly stated, the
1754:
The avoirdupois pound, also known as the wool pound, first came into general use c. 1300. It was initially equal to 6,992 troy grains. The pound avoirdupois was divided into 16 ounces. During the reign of
2480:, "hundredweight"). Its weight seems to have decreased gradually from the original 324 g (11.4 oz) to 319 g (11.3 oz). Due to its association with gold, it was also known as the
3159:
The pound is often described as a unit of "weight", and the word "weight" can refer to either mass or force depending on context. Historically and in common parlance, "weight" refers to mass, but
536:
were expected to eliminate the use of the pound and ounce, but in 2007 the European Commission abandoned the requirement for metric-only labelling on packaged goods there, and allowed for dual
2528:
or 256 g (9.0 oz). Some outlying regions, especially in later times, adopted various local measures, based on Italian, Arab or Turkish measures. The most important of these was the
2008:, when a royal proclamation dated 1526 required that the troy pound to be used for mint purposes instead of the tower pound. No standards of the tower pound are known to have survived.
4555:
2377:
In 1959, the United States National Bureau of Standards redefined the pound (avoirdupois) to be exactly equal to 0.453 592 37 kilograms, as had been declared by the
4524:"Council Directive 80/181/EEC of 20 December 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to Unit of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC"
5201:
4609:
2557:
5712:
4307:"Appendix C of NIST Handbook 44, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, General Tables of Units of Measurement"
3888:"Appendix C of NIST Handbook 44, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, General Tables of Units of Measurement"
3099:
are designated by the weight in imperial pounds of round solid iron shot of diameter to fit the barrel. A cannon that fires a six-pound ball, for example, is called a
2667:, a reform in 1816 defined a uniform civil pound in terms of the Prussian foot and distilled water, resulting in a Prussian pound of 467.711 g (16.4980 oz).
3435:
Re-determination of the values of the imperial standard pound and of its parliamentary copies in terms of the international kilogramme during the years 1960 and 1961
3558:
5183:
3103:. Standard sizes are 6, 12, 18, 24, 32, and 42 pounds; 60-pounders and 68-pounders also exist, along with other nonstandard weapons using the same scheme. See
4306:
1912:
grams. Troy weights were used in England by jewellers. Apothecaries also used the troy pound and ounce, but added the drachms and scruples unit in the
3939:
1880:
to match the international pound, stating: "the pound shall be 0.453 592 37 kilogramme exactly", a definition which remains valid to the present day.
2608:
is equivalent to about 489.5 grams (7,554 gr) and was used between the 1350s and the late 18th century. It was introduced by the government of
2962:, the pound (or its translation) became an historic and obsolete term, although some have kept it as an informal term without a specific value. In
1887:
means that the pound is now defined precisely in terms of fundamental constants, ending the era of its definition in terms of physical prototypes.
3064:
Chinese catties were equivalent to four British imperial pounds, defining one catty as 604.78982 g (21.333333 oz) in weight precisely.
2934:
from the 14th century to the 19th century. It was equivalent to about 7,561 grains (490 g (17 oz)). It may have been derived from the
3823:
3386:
2382:
3959:
Archaeological Metrology: English, French, American, and Canadian Systems of Weights and Measures for North American Historical Archaeology
2161:. It was equal to 9,600 wheat grains (15 tower ounces or 6,750 grains) and was used in England until the 14th century for goods other than
1941:
of a troy pound, is still used for measurements of gems such as opals, and precious metals such as silver, platinum and particularly gold.
555:, and the United States is the only industrialised country where commercial activities do not predominantly use the metric system, despite
3238:
IEEE Std 260.1-2004, IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement (SI Units, Customary Inch-Pound Units, and Certain Other Units)
5176:
4552:
2811:
In Norway, the same name was used for a weight of 425.076 g (14.9941 oz). In Denmark, it equaled 471 g (16.6 oz).
5691:
3283:
59:
2659:
of Austria. The unusually heavy Habsburg (civil) pound of 16 ounces was later defined in terms of 560.012 g (19.7538 oz).
4591:
1973:, which equals around 350 grams. The tower pound is the historical weight standard that was used for England's coinage. Before the
715:
533:
5169:
2947:
2378:
1858:
1828:
In 1883, it was determined jointly by the standards department of the British Board of Trade and the Bureau International that
17:
3857:
3443:
277:
4472:"As Pilhas de Pesos de Dom Manuel I: Contributo para a sua Caracterização, Inventariação e Avaliação", Portugalia: Nova Série
4098:
4065:
4024:
3997:
3970:
3780:
3753:
3417:
2353:
In the United States, the avoirdupois pound as a unit of mass has been officially defined in terms of the kilogram since the
3611:
2748:
4523:
510:. The conversion factor between the kilogram and the international pound was therefore chosen to be divisible by 7 with a
4564:
4420:
4142:
4120:
2246:
A London pound was equal to 7,200 troy grains (16 troy ounces) or, equivalently, 10,240 tower grains (16 tower ounces).
3568:
3259:
2593:
is equivalent to about 367.1 grams (5,665 gr) and was used between the late 9th century and the mid-14th century.
604:
2395:
4454:
4349:
3921:
3681:
3647:
2226:
529:
467:
shall be the unit of measurement of mass by reference to which any measurement involving a measurement of length or
5145:
4185:
Facsimile of First Volume of Ms. Archives of the Worshipful Company of Grocers of the City of London A.D. 1345â1463
556:
1872:. This meant that the existing legal definition of the UK pound differed from the international standard pound by
4487:"Sistemas Legais de Medidas de Peso e Capacidade, do Condado Portucalense ao SĂ©culo XVI", Portugalia: Nova SĂ©rie
4113:
A proclamation of Henry VIII, 5 November 1526. Proclamation 112 in Paul L. Hughes and James F. Larkin, editors.
4339:
2561:
78:
65:
5192:
4313:
2418:
1928:
1877:
1801:
1777:
552:
448:
206:
143:
92:
4584:
3936:
708:
633:
A number of different definitions of the pound have historically been used in Britain. Among these are the
551:
declared the metric system to be the "preferred system of weights and measures" but did not suspend use of
430:
217:
5150:
3564:
2814:
In the 19th century, Denmark followed Germany's lead and redefined the pound as 500 g (18 oz).
3876:
Capotosto, R. (1983). 200 Original Shop Aids and Jigs for Woodworkers. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
2859:. Based on an evaluation of bronze nesting weight piles distributed by Manuel I to different towns, the
346:. These units are now designated as historical and are no longer in common usage, being replaced by the
3704:
3671:
3186:
added up to a pound. There were at that time no larger denomination coins – pounds and
2208:
2197:
2042:
The mercantile pound (1304) of 6750 troy grains, or 9600 Tower grains, derives from this pound, as 25
5727:
5686:
5140:
3288:
2865:
of Manuel I has been estimated to be of 457.8 g (16.15 oz). In the early 19th century, the
2950:. It was equivalent to between 21 and 28 avoirdupois ounces (about 600â800 g (21â28 oz)).
4395:
3887:
3673:
Weights and measures: their ancient origins and their development in Great Britain up to A.D. 1855
2757:
was the basic unit of weight, and all other units of weight were formed from it; in particular, a
2204:
5717:
4577:
2504:, "maritime pound"), but it could also be used as a measure of land, equalling a fortieth of the
1913:
1884:
701:
422:
380:
270:
4446:
3215:
5722:
5579:
5016:
2409:
209:
31:
4280:
4199:
4040:
3989:
Drachm, Dirham, Thaler, Pound: Money and currencies in history from earliest times to the euro
680:
the Saxon pound was known as the tower pound or moneyer's pound. In 1528, during the reign of
5215:
4628:
4183:
4088:
3987:
3914:
Dictionary of Weights and Measures for the British Isles: The Middle Ages to the 20th Century
3827:
3390:
3348:
3115:
2675:
2441:
2004:. The tower system ran concurrently with the avoirdupois and troy systems until the reign of
548:
177:
3637:
3486:
5655:
5605:
5032:
3079:. A pound of product must be determined by weighing the product in grams as the use of the
3071:
From the introduction of the kilogram scales and measuring devices are denominated only in
2852:
2023:, which may refer to traders of eastern Germany, or to traders on the shore of the eastern
1990:
1958:
290:
194:
42:
4441:
Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures: Their SI Equivalences and Origins
4245:
3965:. National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Environment Canada. p. 20.
3462:
3293:
8:
5671:
5645:
5630:
5133:
5087:
5057:
4016:
British weights & measures : a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century
3909:
3772:
British weights & measures : a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century
3745:
British weights & measures : a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century
3633:
2992:
2856:
2663:
reforms in 1809 and 1811 adopted essentially the same standard as the Austrian pound. In
511:
38:
571:
Comparison of the relative sizes of avoirdupois, troy, Tower, merchant and London pounds
5681:
5676:
5128:
5118:
4439:
4373:
3318:
2695:
2683:
2039:. An almost identical weight was employed by the Germans for weighing gold and silver.
1748:
607:
of mass that is now equivalent to 328.9 g (11.60 oz). It was divided into 12
358:
168:
4014:
3770:
3743:
4678:
4633:
4450:
4345:
4335:
4094:
4020:
3993:
3966:
3917:
3776:
3749:
3677:
3643:
3590:
3265:
3255:
3010:
2679:
2652:
2648:
2609:
2522:
was specifically used for weighing olive oil or wood, and corresponded to 4/5 of the
2445:
3434:
242:; an alternative symbol (when there might otherwise be a risk of confusion with the
3863:
3805:
3639:
British weights & measures: a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century
3440:
3014:
3001:
2988:
2634:
2354:
2240:
1851:
1805:
1781:
338:
4057:
5574:
5474:
5072:
4559:
4424:
4274:
4146:
4124:
3957:
3943:
3447:
3421:
3249:
2973:
2963:
2687:
2001:
1974:
1760:
677:
447:
In the United Kingdom, the use of the international pound was implemented in the
320:
212:. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international
5161:
5650:
5610:
5479:
5102:
5077:
5037:
4970:
4929:
4879:
4600:
3535:
3182:
3084:
3042:
2833:
The Portuguese unit that corresponds to the pounds of different nations is the
2457:
2401:
1986:
1954:
1809:
terms of Imperial ones. The equivalence for the pound was given as 1 lb =
665:
654:
541:
329:
202:
86:
4501:
4019:. Internet Archive. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. p. 11.
3809:
3775:. Internet Archive. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. p. 78.
3748:. Internet Archive. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. p. 11.
3414:
3104:
2647:
Originally derived from the Roman libra, the definition varied throughout the
5706:
5553:
5515:
5449:
5123:
5082:
5047:
4985:
4899:
4703:
4698:
4413:
4270:
4140:
4118:
3135:
3123:
2959:
2691:
2656:
1876:. To remedy this, the pound was again redefined in the United Kingdom by the
1737:
684:, the coinage standard was changed by parliament from the tower pound to the
537:
404:
347:
4223:
3728:
3508:
3045:
has a modern definition of exactly 500 g (18 oz), divided into 10
2651:
in the Middle Ages and onward. For example, the measures and weights of the
1759:, the avoirdupois pound was redefined as 7,000 troy grains. Since then, the
5625:
5600:
5495:
5429:
5265:
5250:
5062:
4980:
4965:
4945:
4904:
4869:
4843:
4734:
4688:
4673:
4553:
U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811
3822:
3385:
2751:
of mass. It is equal to 409.51718 g (14.445293 oz). In 1899, the
2364:
pounds to a kilogram. The following year, this relationship was refined as
1977:
in 1066, the tower pound was known as the Saxon pound. During the reign of
1857:
In 1959, based on further measurements and international coordination, the
507:
4158:
3859:
Weights and measures standards of the United States â A brief history
3307:
3213:
1989:. From one Saxon pound of silver (that is a tower pound) the king had 240
379:
The word 'pound' and its cognates ultimately derive from a borrowing into
5640:
5620:
5500:
5434:
5408:
5367:
5303:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5097:
5052:
4975:
4950:
4884:
4874:
4823:
4749:
4739:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4653:
4648:
4643:
3140:
2671:
2170:
2158:
2154:
2036:
1970:
1962:
1919:
1896:
1756:
658:
650:
499:
367:
258:
243:
213:
1993:
minted. In the pound sterling monetary system, twelve pennies equaled a
5635:
5615:
5584:
5558:
5403:
5372:
5362:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5245:
5067:
5042:
5011:
4828:
4818:
4792:
4787:
4777:
4772:
4668:
4521:
3395:. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 13
3190:
were merely useful units of account". – Ed Lowther, BBC
2699:
2558:
Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution § Mass
2024:
2005:
1902:
681:
567:
559:, and the pound remains widely used as one of the key customary units.
521:
4304:
3885:
3729:"Grains and drams, ounces and pounds, stones and tons. Personal notes"
2722:
is sometimes still in use and universally refers to a pound of 500 g.
2374:
pounds to a kilogram, following a determination of the British pound.
514:
representation, and an (international) grain is thus equal to exactly
5530:
5454:
5413:
4990:
3096:
2705:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2429:
2028:
1978:
676:(757â96), was based originally on a Saxon pound of silver. After the
669:
230:
2000:
The tower pound was referenced to a standard prototype found in the
589:
5525:
5357:
4995:
4909:
4864:
4813:
4090:
The Payment Order of Antiquity and the Middle Ages: A Legal History
3187:
3076:
2760:
2043:
1994:
1985:, a Saxon pound of silver was used to set the original weight of a
464:
5548:
5255:
5092:
4683:
4569:
4400:
Magazin fĂŒr Pharmacie und die dahin einschlagenden Wissenschaften
3119:
2930:
A Jersey pound is an obsolete unit of mass used on the island of
2664:
2660:
2627:
between 1800 and 1812. This was a form of official metric pound.
2541:
2016:
316:
238:. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is
3269:
1861:
defined an "international pound" as being equivalent to exactly
1817:
or 0.45359 kg, which made the kilogram equivalent to about
5444:
5387:
4894:
4848:
4782:
4663:
3160:
2931:
2545:
2508:
1982:
1923:
673:
637:, which is the common pound used for weights, and the obsolete
460:
235:
2716:
pound for some time in some German states. Nowadays, the term
2400:
The Byzantines used a series of measurements known as pounds (
5505:
5382:
4955:
4838:
4797:
3038:
2535:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2435:
503:
456:
3697:
1949:
5439:
5377:
5298:
5260:
5240:
5220:
4889:
4833:
4744:
4693:
4658:
4638:
4623:
4565:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 130
3796:
Skinner, F.G. (1952). "The English Yard and Pound Weight".
3216:"Notices "Refinement of values for the yard and the pound""
3214:
United States National Bureau of Standards (25 June 1959).
3111:
3072:
2778:
2423:
468:
426:
198:
3798:
Bulletin of the British Society for the History of Science
5520:
3832:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 22â24. GGKEY:4KXNZ63BNUF
2540:, "silver pound") of 333 g (11.7 oz), found in
593:
Various historic pounds from a German textbook dated 1848
4137:
Weights and Measures in Scotland. A European Perspective
3669:
3025:
Though not from the same linguistic origin, the Chinese
1839:
was a better approximation, and this figure, rounded to
1795:
4522:
The Council of the European Communities (27 May 2009).
3392:
Research Highlights of the National Bureau of Standards
1969:
A tower pound is equal to 12 tower ounces and to 5,400
668:
money system, which was introduced during the reign of
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
2670:
Between 1803 and 1815, all German regions west of the
2572:) have been used in France. Since the 19th century, a
3058:
3057:). Traditionally around 600 g (21 oz), the
3046:
3026:
2784:
2776:
2758:
2752:
2742:
2727:
2207:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
2153:) was considered to be composed of 25 rather than 20
425:
agreed upon common definitions for the pound and the
361:. This accounts for the modern distinguishing terms
37:"lb." and "lbs." redirect here. For other uses, see
5713:
Customary units of measurement in the United States
4475:, vol. 39, Universidade do Porto, 2018, p. 217-251.
4374:"Pre-metric French units of mass livre and smaller"
4358:
3855:
625:is the origin of the abbreviation for pound, "lb".
4438:
4117:. Volume 1. New Haven: Yale University Press,1964.
3349:"The Dictionary of Medical and Surgical Knowledge"
3241:
2710:, but local pounds continued to co-exist with the
5191:
3709:. Vol. 14. Pergamon Press. 1967. p. 476
2444:in 309/310. It formed the basis of the Byzantine
2035:by French writers, because it was also in use at
2027:, or dealers of Asiatic goods who settled at the
1922:may take its name from the French market town of
5704:
4485:
4470:
2995:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2886:or 400.6 g (14.13 oz). The Portuguese
2881:
2875:
2866:
2860:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2819:
3937:"Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve"
2817:
2621:was set equal to the kilogram by the decree of
1997:and twenty shillings equaled a pound sterling.
1901:A troy pound (abbreviated lb t) is equal to 12
4436:
3550:
2958:In many countries, upon the introduction of a
5177:
4585:
4045:. At the University Press. 1911. p. 115.
3247:
3052:
3032:
3017:
3004:
2802:
2793:
2736:
1953:The tower pound displayed as the weight of a
771:
756:
738:
709:
341:
4414:
4305:United States National Bureau of Standards.
3886:United States National Bureau of Standards.
3481:
3479:
3379:
3248:Fletcher, Leroy S.; Shoup, Terry E. (1978),
2976:
2967:
2871:was evaluated at 459 g (16.2 oz).
2717:
2711:
2703:
2674:were under French control, organised in the
2642:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2603:
2597:
2588:
2573:
2567:
2396:Byzantine units of measurement § Weight
473:(a) the yard shall be 0.9144 metre exactly;
323:
4546:
4499:
4371:
3824:United States. National Bureau of Standards
3663:
3536:"Will British people ever think in metric?"
3387:United States. National Bureau of Standards
2982:
2166:
2144:
1786:
620:
614:
608:
598:
581:
408:
398:
390:
384:
332:
308:
302:
279:
234:, and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois
5184:
5170:
4592:
4578:
2845:, a variant of the Cologne standard. This
1767:
716:
702:
471:shall be made in the United Kingdom; and-
58:
4344:. Oxford University Press. p. 1238.
4333:
4269:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3816:
3626:
3476:
3172:A difference of just 194.39673 milligrams
2227:Learn how and when to remove this message
642:
4265:
4263:
3985:
3904:
3902:
3900:
2203:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1948:
1747:For broader coverage of this topic, see
774:
588:
566:
534:European units of measurement directives
433:(symbol lb) has been defined as exactly
359:historical conflation of mass and weight
4055:
4042:The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica: Payn-Polka
3795:
3642:. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. p. 7.
3308:"Letterlike Symbols | Range: 2100â214F"
3083:is not sanctioned for trade within the
2566:Since the Middle Ages, various pounds (
2348:
64:One-pound avoirdupois weight, from the
14:
5705:
4329:
4327:
4248:. The Dozenal Society of Great Britain
3844:
2948:obsolete Scottish units of measurement
2946:The trone pound is one of a number of
2440:, "pound of account"), established by
2379:International Yard and Pound Agreement
1859:International Yard and Pound Agreement
765:
634:
528:In the United Kingdom, the process of
5165:
4573:
4393:
4387:
4334:Schilbach, Erich (1991). "Litra". In
4260:
4093:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 88.
4012:
3908:
3897:
3768:
3741:
3632:
3557:"Appendix G â Weights and Measures".
3533:
3209:
3207:
3163:as used in modern physics is a force.
2357:. That order defined the pound to be
1905:and to 5,760 grains, that is exactly
1796:Redefinition in terms of the kilogram
653:remain in use only for the weight of
5202:Comparison with imperial unit system
4086:
3955:
3856:Barbrow, L.E.; Judson, L.V. (1976).
2749:obsolete Russian unit of measurement
2180:
2011:The tower pound was also called the
1742:
603:(Latin for 'scale'/'balance') is an
459:shall be the unit of measurement of
4610:Comparison with US customary system
4324:
3489:. vLex United Kingdom. 31 July 1963
2134:
24:
4599:
4445:(2nd ed.). Springer. p.
4135:R. D. Connor and A. D. C. Simpson.
4087:Geva, Benjamin (1 November 2011).
3986:Kampmann, Ursula (29 April 2013).
3315:The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0
3204:
3114:balls, exists for determining the
3090:
2389:
2381:of that year. According to a 1959
544:marking to continue indefinitely.
25:
5739:
5692:Footâpoundâsecond system of units
4541:
4068:from the original on 21 July 2021
3670:Frederick George Skinner (1967).
3567:. 17 January 2007. Archived from
3424:; National Physical Laboratory, P
2935:
2655:were reformed in 1761 by Empress
2580:
2019:before the Norman conquest); the
646:
562:
502:pound is equal to 16 avoirdupois
4056:Lowther, Ed (14 February 2014).
3509:"EU gives up on 'metric Britain"
2271:tower pounds (1.25 Troy pounds)
2239:The London pound is that of the
2185:
2162:
2052:1 mercantile pound (15 oz)
638:
4515:
4493:
4478:
4463:
4430:
4406:
4298:
4238:
4216:
4192:
4176:
4151:
4129:
4107:
4080:
4049:
4033:
4006:
3979:
3949:
3930:
3879:
3870:
3789:
3762:
3735:
3721:
3604:
3583:
3534:Kelly, Jon (21 December 2011).
3527:
3501:
3487:"Weights and Measures Act 1963"
3454:
3175:
3166:
3153:
2953:
2925:
2725:
2551:
2548:, and probably of Arab origin.
2176:
685:
431:international avoirdupois pound
276:The unit is descended from the
5146:Footâpoundâsecond system (FPS)
4341:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
4246:"A brief history of the pound"
4058:"A short history of the pound"
3992:. Conzett Verlag. p. 56.
3946:, Bureau of the Fiscal Service
3591:"US 1988 law on metrification"
3413:National Bureau of Standards,
3407:
3363:
3341:
3300:
3276:
3232:
2941:
2562:Units of measurement in France
2317:1 tower (or troy) pennyweight
1944:
579:
416:
353:Usage of the unqualified term
253:(for most pound definitions),
13:
1:
5193:United States customary units
4372:Sizes, Inc. (16 March 2001).
4201:The English manual of banking
4013:Zupko, Ronald Edward (1977).
3769:Zupko, Ronald Edward (1977).
3742:Zupko, Ronald Edward (1977).
3197:
2839:, equivalent to 16 ounces of
1929:Weights and Measures Act 1878
1890:
1878:Weights and Measures Act 1963
1850:was given legal status by an
1802:Weights and Measures Act 1878
1778:Weights and Measures Act 1878
628:
553:United States customary units
549:Metric Conversion Act of 1975
449:Weights and Measures Act 1963
93:United States customary units
4500:Sizes, Inc. (28 July 2003).
4490:, vol. 24, 2003, p. 113-164.
3110:A similar definition, using
2530:
2524:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2430:
2424:
2252:1 London pound (16 oz)
374:
7:
5151:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
3565:Central Intelligence Agency
3251:Introduction to Engineering
3129:
3059:
3047:
3027:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2759:
2753:
2743:
2728:
2428:). The most common was the
2328:
2322:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2257:
2114:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2069:1 Tower pound (12 oz)
2063:
2057:
768:
407:singular of the Latin noun
10:
5744:
5585:Kilopounds per square inch
2936:French livre poids de marc
2904:of 12.5 and 13 ounces and
2851:was introduced in 1499 by
2643:German and Austrian Pfund
2555:
2536:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2436:
2413:
2393:
2103:1 Tower pennyweight (dwt)
1894:
1746:
1735:
724:
547:In the United States, the
421:The United States and the
392:
310:
36:
29:
5687:English Engineering Units
5664:
5593:
5567:
5541:
5488:
5467:
5422:
5396:
5350:
5319:
5312:
5276:
5208:
5199:
5141:English Engineering units
5111:
5025:
5004:
4938:
4922:
4857:
4806:
4765:
4758:
4712:
4616:
4607:
4115:Tudor Royal Proclamations
3810:10.1017/S0950563600000646
3370:Oxford English Dictionary
3289:Oxford English Dictionary
3053:
3033:
2910:of 15 and 16 ounces. The
2874:In the 15th century, the
2737:
2454:of gold equivalent to 72
1627:
1624:
1595:
1471:
1399:
1299:
1207:
1104:
1009:
880:
782:
762:
759:
750:
747:
744:
741:
733:
730:
727:
696:
429:. Since 1 July 1959, the
389:('the weight measured in
307:('the weight measured in
164:
139:
135:
117:
109:
101:
77:
72:
66:Musée des Arts et Métiers
57:
52:
5594:Other units and measures
5026:Other units and measures
4547:Conversion between units
4145:22 February 2014 at the
4123:22 February 2014 at the
3956:Ross, Lester A. (1983).
3706:Chambers's encyclopaedia
3612:"Countries not using SI"
3146:
2922:standard was also used.
2355:Mendenhall Order of 1893
2294:1 tower (or troy) ounce
2288:1 London ounce (20 dwt)
2015:(referring to the Saxon
491:Weights and Measures Act
383:of the Latin expression
218:which is legally defined
4558:14 October 2017 at the
4437:Cardarelli, F. (2004).
4224:"Weights used for gold"
3676:. H.M.S.O. p. 65.
3446:24 October 2019 at the
3420:18 January 2009 at the
2086:1 Tower ounce (20 dwt)
1931:), but the troy ounce,
1885:2019 revision of the SI
1768:Imperial Standard Pound
475:(b) the pound shall be
423:Commonwealth of Nations
207:United States customary
5580:Pounds per square inch
5017:Pounds per square inch
4486:
4471:
4415:
3942:3 October 2015 at the
3095:Smoothbore cannon and
3018:
3005:
2996:
2983:
2977:
2968:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2867:
2861:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2826:
2820:
2803:
2794:
2718:
2712:
2704:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2604:
2598:
2589:
2574:
2568:
2405:
2145:
2139:The merchants' pound (
2029:London Steelyard wharf
1966:
1787:
621:
615:
609:
599:
594:
582:
572:
496:
409:
399:
397:'), in which the word
391:
385:
342:
333:
324:
309:
303:
280:
269:(specifically for the
210:systems of measurement
87:British imperial units
32:Pound (disambiguation)
18:Pound (unit of weight)
5216:Thousandth of an inch
4629:Thousandth of an inch
4336:Kazhdan, Alexander P.
4276:The Statutes at Large
3460:Quoted by Laws LJ in
3037:, also known as the "
2694:. As a result of the
2442:Constantine the Great
2311:1 London pennyweight
1952:
592:
570:
557:many efforts to do so
506:and to exactly 7,000
463:and the pound or the
453:
301:comes from the Roman
297:). The English word
289:, descended from the
5656:Ton of refrigeration
5606:British thermal unit
5033:British thermal unit
4394:Hille, K.C. (1831).
4319:on 26 November 2006.
3916:. DIANE Publishing.
3910:Zupko, Ronald Edward
3829:weights and measures
3634:Zupko, Ronald Edward
2880:was of 14 ounces of
2702:and was renamed the
2700:German Customs Union
2578:has referred to the
2349:In the United States
2277:10,240 tower grains
2196:factual accuracy is
1914:apothecaries' system
1874:0.06 milligrams
651:troy pound and ounce
493:, 1963, Section 1(1)
319:with, among others,
291:scribal abbreviation
30:For other uses, see
5672:American wire gauge
5646:Pound-foot (torque)
5631:Foot-pound (energy)
4484:LuĂs Seabra Lopes,
4469:LuĂs Seabra Lopes,
4396:"Medicinal-Gewicht"
3912:(1 December 1985).
3515:. 11 September 2007
3463:" EWHC 195 (Admin)"
3321:. p. 2100/2123
2735:The Russian pound (
2599:livre poids de marc
2492:, "gold pound") or
2075:7,680 Tower grains
2058:9,600 Tower grains
693:
512:terminating decimal
271:apothecaries' pound
259:chiefly in the U.S.
130:... is equal to ...
73:General information
5682:Body jewelry sizes
5677:Avoirdupois system
5119:Avoirdupois system
4423:2 May 2022 at the
4402:. Heidelberg: 268.
3560:The World Factbook
3319:Unicode Consortium
2898:. There were also
2892:was the same as 2
2696:Congress of Vienna
2283:7,200 troy grains
2081:5,400 troy grains
2064:6,750 troy grains
1967:
1749:Avoirdupois system
691:
619:), or ounces. The
605:ancient Roman unit
595:
573:
285:(hence the symbol
174:
166:
149:
141:
5700:
5699:
5463:
5462:
5159:
5158:
4918:
4917:
4100:978-1-84731-843-5
4026:978-0-299-07340-4
3999:978-3-03760-029-0
3972:978-0-660-11336-4
3782:978-0-299-07340-4
3755:978-0-299-07340-4
3441:pound avoirdupois
3254:, Prentice-Hall,
2775:of a funt, and a
2653:Habsburg monarchy
2649:Holy Roman Empire
2624:13 Brumaire an IX
2483:chrysaphikÄ litra
2422:
2346:
2345:
2300:640 tower grains
2237:
2236:
2229:
2146:libra mercantoria
2132:
2131:
2092:640 Tower grains
1806:41 & 42 Vict.
1782:41 & 42 Vict.
1757:Queen Elizabeth I
1743:Avoirdupois pound
1734:
1733:
635:avoirdupois pound
485:kilogram exactly.
201:used in both the
183:
182:
118:Conversions
16:(Redirected from
5735:
5728:Metricated units
5317:
5316:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5163:
5162:
4763:
4762:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4444:
4434:
4428:
4427:at Duden.online.
4418:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4369:
4356:
4355:
4331:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4312:. Archived from
4311:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4155:
4149:
4133:
4127:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3964:
3953:
3947:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3906:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3862:. Archived from
3853:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3458:
3452:
3427:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3383:
3377:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3296:on 3 April 2018.
3292:. Archived from
3280:
3274:
3273:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3211:
3191:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3157:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3021:
3008:
2999:
2986:
2980:
2971:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2870:
2864:
2857:king of Portugal
2850:
2844:
2838:
2829:
2823:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2638:
2626:
2620:
2607:
2601:
2592:
2577:
2571:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:were known as a
2467:
2461:
2453:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2323:32 tower grains
2306:450 troy grains
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2209:reliably sourced
2189:
2188:
2181:
2151:commercial pound
2148:
2141:mercantile pound
2135:Merchants' pound
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2109:32 Tower grains
2098:450 troy grains
2049:
2048:
2021:easterling pound
1940:
1939:
1935:
1911:
1910:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1852:Order in Council
1849:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1790:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1480:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1310:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1138:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1004:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
982:
980:
979:
976:
973:
961:
959:
958:
955:
952:
948:
943:
935:
929:
927:
926:
923:
920:
916:
909:
903:
901:
900:
897:
894:
890:
875:
869:
867:
866:
863:
860:
852:
846:
844:
843:
840:
837:
829:
823:
821:
820:
817:
814:
806:
800:
798:
797:
794:
791:
718:
711:
704:
694:
690:
624:
618:
612:
602:
585:
524:
519:
494:
484:
483:
480:
455:The yard or the
443:
441:
438:
412:
402:
396:
388:
345:
336:
327:
314:
306:
283:
233:
228:
225:
203:British imperial
175:
167:
160:
158:
155:
150:
142:
62:
50:
49:
21:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5665:Related systems
5660:
5589:
5575:Inch of mercury
5563:
5537:
5484:
5475:Feet per second
5459:
5418:
5392:
5346:
5308:
5272:
5204:
5195:
5190:
5160:
5155:
5112:Related systems
5107:
5073:Horsepower-hour
5021:
5000:
4934:
4914:
4853:
4802:
4754:
4708:
4612:
4603:
4598:
4560:Wayback Machine
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4494:
4483:
4479:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4435:
4431:
4425:Wayback Machine
4411:
4407:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4359:
4352:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4273:, ed. (1763a),
4268:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4226:. Tax Free Gold
4222:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4147:Wayback Machine
4134:
4130:
4125:Wayback Machine
4112:
4108:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4054:
4050:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3944:Wayback Machine
3935:
3931:
3924:
3907:
3898:
3893:. p. C-14.
3890:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3866:on 11 May 2008.
3854:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3821:
3817:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3614:. 22 March 2011
3610:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3571:on 13 June 2007
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3448:Wayback Machine
3425:
3422:Wayback Machine
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3384:
3380:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3331:
3324:
3322:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3132:
3093:
3091:Use in weaponry
2956:
2944:
2928:
2831:
2799:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2733:
2688:Rhin-et-Moselle
2645:
2564:
2554:
2495:thalassia litra
2489:ÏÏÏ
ÏαÏÎčÎșÎź λίÏÏα
2446:monetary system
2398:
2392:
2390:Byzantine litra
2370:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2202:
2194:This section's
2190:
2186:
2179:
2155:Tower shillings
2137:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2013:moneyers' pound
2002:Tower of London
1975:Norman conquest
1947:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1798:
1770:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1591:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1478:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1308:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1136:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
999:
996:
993:
992:
990:
977:
974:
971:
970:
968:
956:
953:
950:
949:
946:
944:
941:
933:
924:
921:
918:
917:
914:
912:
907:
898:
895:
892:
891:
888:
886:
873:
864:
861:
858:
857:
855:
850:
841:
838:
835:
834:
832:
827:
818:
815:
812:
811:
809:
804:
795:
792:
789:
788:
786:
722:
692:English pounds
678:Norman conquest
655:precious metals
631:
587:
565:
517:
515:
495:
489:
481:
478:
476:
474:
472:
439:
436:
434:
419:
377:
251:
226:
223:
221:
173:
165:
156:
153:
151:
148:
140:
97:
68:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5741:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5718:Imperial units
5715:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5651:Spinning count
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5611:Degree (angle)
5608:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5480:Miles per hour
5477:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5166:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5103:Spinning count
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4930:Miles per hour
4926:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4679:Gunter's chain
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4601:Imperial units
4597:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:External links
4540:
4537:
4536:
4514:
4502:"Jersey pound"
4492:
4477:
4462:
4455:
4429:
4405:
4386:
4357:
4350:
4323:
4297:
4271:Ruffhead, Owen
4259:
4237:
4215:
4191:
4175:
4150:
4128:
4106:
4099:
4079:
4048:
4032:
4025:
4005:
3998:
3978:
3971:
3948:
3929:
3922:
3896:
3878:
3869:
3843:
3815:
3788:
3781:
3761:
3754:
3734:
3720:
3696:
3682:
3662:
3648:
3625:
3603:
3582:
3549:
3526:
3500:
3475:
3453:
3406:
3378:
3362:
3340:
3334:L B BAR SYMBOL
3299:
3275:
3261:978-0135018583
3260:
3240:
3231:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3174:
3165:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3124:shotgun shells
3092:
3089:
3085:European Union
3043:mainland China
2966:, the term is
2955:
2952:
2943:
2940:
2927:
2924:
2830:
2816:
2798:
2791:
2732:
2724:
2644:
2641:
2618:livre métrique
2605:livre de Paris
2590:livre esterlin
2584:, 500 g.
2553:
2550:
2537:αÏÎłÏ
ÏÎčÎșÎź λίÏÏα
2531:argyrikÄ litra
2501:ΞαλΏÏÏÎčα λίÏÏα
2437:λογαÏÎčÎșÎź λίÏÏα
2431:logarikÄ litra
2394:Main article:
2391:
2388:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2256:
2253:
2235:
2234:
2193:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2033:Rochelle pound
1991:silver pennies
1987:pound sterling
1959:silver pennies
1955:pound sterling
1946:
1943:
1895:Main article:
1892:
1889:
1797:
1794:
1769:
1766:
1744:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1571:
1565:
1548:
1545:
1528:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1447:
1444:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1378:
1375:
1358:
1355:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1275:
1272:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1229:
1226:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1186:
1183:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1057:
1051:
1034:
1028:
1011:
1008:
1005:
988:
984:
983:
965:
962:
939:
936:
930:
910:
904:
884:
879:
876:
870:
853:
847:
830:
824:
807:
801:
784:
781:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
721:
720:
713:
706:
698:
666:pound sterling
630:
627:
586:
578:
564:
563:Historical use
561:
487:
418:
415:
381:Proto-Germanic
376:
373:
249:
181:
180:
171:
162:
161:
146:
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
96:
95:
90:
83:
81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
63:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5740:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5723:Units of mass
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5516:Hundredweight
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5124:English units
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:Pound (force)
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4986:Hundredweight
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4880:Fluid Scruple
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:Nautical mile
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4525:
4518:
4503:
4496:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4456:1-85233-682-X
4452:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4433:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4375:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4353:
4351:0-19-504652-8
4347:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4330:
4328:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4247:
4241:
4225:
4219:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4164:
4160:
4159:"Tower pound"
4154:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3923:0-87169-168-X
3919:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3889:
3882:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3724:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3685:
3683:9789140059550
3679:
3675:
3674:
3666:
3651:
3649:9780299073404
3645:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3613:
3607:
3592:
3586:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3553:
3537:
3530:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:; Sizes.com:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3244:
3235:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3189:
3184:
3181:"Anglo-Saxon
3178:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2960:metric system
2951:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:Mont-Tonnerre
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2657:Maria Theresa
2654:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2519:soualia litra
2514:
2511:
2510:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2411:
2410:Ancient Greek
2407:
2403:
2397:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2356:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2231:
2228:
2220:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1957:of 240 early
1956:
1951:
1942:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1860:
1855:
1854:in May 1898.
1853:
1826:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1739:
1738:English units
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1621:
1601:
1598:
1589:
1572:
1566:
1549:
1546:
1529:
1526:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1448:
1445:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1402:
1396:
1379:
1376:
1359:
1356:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1276:
1273:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1230:
1227:
1210:
1204:
1187:
1184:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1058:
1052:
1035:
1029:
1012:
1006:
989:
986:
985:
966:
963:
940:
937:
931:
911:
905:
885:
883:
877:
871:
854:
848:
831:
825:
808:
802:
785:
779:
778:
753:
737:
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
699:
695:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
626:
623:
617:
611:
606:
601:
591:
584:
577:
569:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
523:
513:
509:
505:
501:
492:
486:
470:
466:
462:
458:
452:
450:
445:
432:
428:
424:
414:
411:
406:
401:
395:
394:
387:
382:
372:
370:
369:
364:
360:
357:reflects the
356:
351:
349:
348:metric system
344:
340:
335:
331:
326:
322:
318:
313:
312:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
282:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
245:
241:
237:
232:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
179:
172:
170:
163:
147:
145:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
82:
80:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5626:Foot-lambert
5601:Bolt (cloth)
5510:
5063:Foot-poundal
4981:Long hundred
4961:Pound (mass)
4960:
4885:Fluid Drachm
4844:Trade gallon
4529:14 September
4527:. Retrieved
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4495:
4480:
4465:
4440:
4432:
4408:
4399:
4389:
4377:. Retrieved
4340:
4314:the original
4300:
4292: &
4288: &
4286:(in English)
4275:
4250:. Retrieved
4240:
4228:. Retrieved
4218:
4208:17 September
4206:. Retrieved
4200:
4194:
4184:
4178:
4168:17 September
4166:. Retrieved
4162:
4153:
4136:
4131:
4114:
4109:
4089:
4082:
4070:. Retrieved
4061:
4051:
4041:
4035:
4015:
4008:
3988:
3981:
3958:
3951:
3932:
3913:
3881:
3872:
3864:the original
3858:
3834:. Retrieved
3828:
3818:
3804:(7): 184â6.
3801:
3797:
3791:
3771:
3764:
3744:
3737:
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3705:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3672:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3638:
3628:
3618:21 September
3616:. Retrieved
3606:
3596:21 September
3594:. Retrieved
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:the original
3559:
3552:
3540:. Retrieved
3529:
3517:. Retrieved
3512:
3503:
3491:. Retrieved
3466:. Retrieved
3456:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3391:
3381:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3355:22 September
3353:. Retrieved
3343:
3330:
3323:. Retrieved
3314:
3302:
3294:the original
3287:
3284:"pound sign"
3278:
3250:
3243:
3234:
3222:. Retrieved
3177:
3168:
3155:
3109:
3100:
3094:
3080:
3070:
3066:
3024:
2957:
2954:Metric pound
2945:
2929:
2926:Jersey pound
2873:
2832:
2813:
2810:
2800:
2734:
2676:departements
2669:
2646:
2629:
2614:
2595:
2586:
2581:metric pound
2579:
2565:
2552:French livre
2515:
2462:. A hundred
2399:
2376:
2352:
2342:troy grains
2245:
2238:
2223:
2217:January 2021
2214:
2195:
2177:London pound
2150:
2140:
2138:
2128:troy grains
2041:
2032:
2020:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1981:(757â96) of
1968:
1918:
1916:of weights.
1900:
1882:
1856:
1827:
1800:The British
1799:
1775:
1771:
1753:
1300:
1105:
945:9,955
881:
780:Avoirdupois
663:
661:is assumed.
649:pounds. The
632:
596:
574:
546:
527:
497:
490:
454:
446:
420:
417:Current use
413:('weight').
378:
366:
362:
354:
352:
298:
294:
286:
275:
266:
262:
254:
247:
239:
190:
186:
184:
129:
124:
102:Unit of
47:
27:Unit of mass
5621:Foot-candle
5554:Pound-force
5368:Fluid ounce
5304:Square mile
5294:Square yard
5289:Square foot
5284:Square inch
5053:Foot-candle
4824:Fluid ounce
4750:Square mile
4730:Square yard
4725:Square foot
4720:Square inch
4294:(in Norman)
3836:26 December
3713:27 November
3689:27 November
3655:27 November
3141:Slug (unit)
3136:Pound-force
3101:six-pounder
2981:, in Dutch
2942:Trone pound
2818:Portuguese
2672:River Rhine
2507:thalassios
2477:ÎșΔΜÏÎ·ÎœÎŹÏÎčÎżÎœ
2471:kentÄnarion
2448:, with one
2171:electuaries
2037:La Rochelle
1971:troy grains
1963:pennyweight
1945:Tower pound
1920:Troy weight
1903:troy ounces
1897:Troy weight
1377:= 1.171875
659:troy system
613:(singular:
530:metrication
500:avoirdupois
386:libra pondo
368:pound-force
315:'), and is
304:libra pondo
244:pound-force
220:as exactly
214:avoirdupois
169:Avoirdupois
79:Unit system
5707:Categories
5636:Horsepower
5616:Fahrenheit
5404:Board foot
5363:Tablespoon
5342:Cubic mile
5337:Cubic yard
5332:Cubic foot
5327:Cubic inch
5129:Winchester
5088:Pound-foot
5068:Horsepower
5058:Foot-pound
5043:Fahrenheit
4819:Tablespoon
4793:Cubic mile
4788:Cubic yard
4778:Cubic foot
4773:Cubic inch
4634:Barleycorn
4412:Entry for
4290:(in Latin)
4252:14 January
4230:14 January
3575:4 February
3415:Appendix 8
3198:References
3097:carronades
2993:Portuguese
2713:Zollverein
2556:See also:
2031:; and the
2025:Baltic sea
2006:Henry VIII
1961:(original
1891:Troy pound
1736:See also:
1469:= 14.0625
686:troy pound
682:Henry VIII
643:merchants'
629:In Britain
522:milligrams
363:pound-mass
191:pound-mass
123:1 lb
5455:Acre-foot
5414:Face cord
5134:Exchequer
4991:Ship load
4507:12 August
4379:12 August
4163:Sizes.com
3468:12 August
3332:2114 â
3224:12 August
3188:shillings
3183:King Offa
3105:carronade
3077:kilograms
3009:, and in
2706:Zollpfund
2542:Trebizond
2419:romanized
2205:talk page
1979:King Offa
1685:â 1.0717
1680:â 1.1431
1675:â 1.4289
1670:â 1.3396
1665:â 1.1023
1603:16
1599:â 0.9331
1450:14
1427:15
1423:â 0.8748
1420:= 0.9375
1357:â 0.9643
1337:Merchant
1278:11
1255:12
1251:â 0.6998
1205:= 0.9375
1185:â 0.7714
1111:12
1083:13
1079:â 0.7465
1007:â 0.8229
913:15
887:14
878:â 0.9072
670:King Offa
375:Etymology
231:kilograms
5568:Pressure
5358:Teaspoon
5005:Pressure
4910:Hogshead
4865:Chaldron
4814:Teaspoon
4556:Archived
4421:Archived
4143:Archived
4121:Archived
4066:Archived
4062:BBC News
3940:Archived
3826:(1962).
3636:(1977).
3513:BBC News
3493:17 April
3444:Archived
3418:Archived
3389:(1959).
3325:28 April
3270:77024142
3130:See also
3120:shotguns
2901:arrĂĄteis
2895:arrĂĄteis
2853:Manuel I
2804:SkÄlpund
2795:SkÄlpund
2761:zolotnik
2747:) is an
2726:Russian
2661:Bavarian
2525:logarikÄ
2198:disputed
2167:medicine
2044:shilling
2017:moneyers
1995:shilling
1870: kg
1848: kg
1837: kg
1823: lb
1788:in vacuo
1703:â 17.15
1698:â 16.08
1693:â 17.64
1622:â 16.46
1527:â 1.029
1446:â 15.43
1297:= 11.25
1274:â 12.34
1102:â 13.17
803:= 1.2152
748:Merchant
542:imperial
488:â
465:kilogram
442: kg
405:ablative
159: kg
144:SI units
5549:Poundal
5351:Cooking
5320:Derived
5266:statute
5256:Furlong
5093:Poundal
5078:Kenning
5048:Rankine
4971:Quarter
4807:Cooking
4766:Derived
4684:Furlong
4338:(ed.).
4281:148â149
4188:. 1886.
4072:22 July
4064:. BBC.
3428:H Bigg
3399:12 July
3376:'pound'
3015:Swedish
3002:Italian
2989:Spanish
2883:Colonha
2877:arrĂĄtel
2868:arrĂĄtel
2862:arrĂĄtel
2848:arrĂĄtel
2842:Colonha
2836:arrĂĄtel
2827:arrĂĄtel
2783:was 40
2770:⁄
2665:Prussia
2635:usuelle
2610:John II
2421::
2337:⁄
2266:⁄
2123:⁄
1936:⁄
1907:373.241
1815: g
1811:453.592
1729:
1717:
1709:10,974
1660:Metric
1654:
1642:
1634:10,240
1618:
1586:
1574:
1563:
1551:
1547:= 1.25
1543:
1531:
1523:
1511:
1507:London
1501:
1489:
1465:
1442:
1416:
1404:
1397:= 1.25
1393:
1381:
1373:
1361:
1353:
1341:
1331:
1319:
1293:
1270:
1248:= 0.75
1244:
1232:
1224:
1212:
1201:
1189:
1181:
1169:
1159:
1147:
1130:= 12.8
1126:
1098:
1072:
1060:
1049:
1037:
1026:
1014:
1003:
991:
981:
969:
960:
928:
906:= 14.58
902:
868:
856:
845:
833:
822:
810:
799:
787:
754:Metric
734:Metric
731:Grains
728:Ounces
725:Pounds
403:is the
339:Swedish
317:cognate
261:), and
216:pound,
5450:Barrel
5445:Bushel
5388:Gallon
5313:Volume
5209:Length
5038:Degree
4951:Drachm
4900:Barrel
4895:Bushel
4849:Gallon
4783:Hoppus
4759:Volume
4704:League
4664:Fathom
4617:Length
4453:
4348:
4204:. 1877
4097:
4023:
3996:
3969:
3920:
3779:
3752:
3680:
3646:
3430:et al.
3426:
3351:. 1864
3268:
3258:
3161:weight
3041:") in
3011:Danish
3006:libbra
2974:French
2964:German
2932:Jersey
2913:Troyes
2907:libras
2690:, and
2633:livre
2560:, and
2546:Cyprus
2509:modios
2465:litrai
2458:solidi
2157:of 12
1983:Mercia
1924:Troyes
1712:= 500
1481:9,600
1314:â 350
1311:7,680
1228:= 0.8
1165:Tower
1139:8,192
1076:= 0.8
1053:= 0.85
938:7,000
872:= 0.97
769:Tower
763:Tower
751:London
674:Mercia
647:London
610:unciae
580:Roman
538:metric
520:
516:64.798
508:grains
504:ounces
461:length
410:pondus
337:, and
321:German
278:Roman
236:ounces
229:
178:ounces
125:in ...
110:Symbol
5542:Force
5531:Short
5511:Pound
5506:Ounce
5496:Grain
5468:Speed
5430:Minim
5423:Other
5383:Quart
5251:Chain
4966:Stone
4956:Ounce
4946:Grain
4923:Speed
4905:Stuck
4870:Minim
4858:Other
4839:Quart
4798:Tmcft
4735:Perch
4689:Cable
4674:Chain
4416:Pfund
4317:(PDF)
4310:(PDF)
3963:(PDF)
3891:(PDF)
3542:4 May
3538:. BBC
3519:4 May
3311:(PDF)
3219:(PDF)
3147:Notes
3116:gauge
3081:pound
3073:grams
3048:liÇng
3039:catty
3000:, in
2997:libra
2987:, in
2978:livre
2972:, in
2969:Pfund
2889:libra
2821:libra
2786:fĂșnty
2719:Pfund
2684:Sarre
2575:livre
2569:livre
2451:litra
2425:litra
2414:λίÏÏα
2406:libra
2402:Latin
2366:2.204
2359:2.204
2241:Hansa
2163:money
2159:pence
2149:, or
1863:0.453
1841:0.453
1830:0.453
1819:2.204
1761:grain
1706:7,716
1637:â 467
1631:7,200
1590:= 1.0
1484:â 437
1475:6,750
1305:5,400
1142:â 373
1133:5,760
1030:= 1.0
987:Troy
964:â 454
932:= 15.
757:Avdp.
745:Tower
739:Avdp.
697:Unit
639:tower
622:libra
616:uncia
600:libra
583:libra
477:0.453
457:metre
435:0.453
400:pondo
393:libra
355:pound
330:Dutch
325:Pfund
311:libra
299:pound
281:libra
246:) is
222:0.453
193:is a
187:pound
152:0.453
53:pound
5641:Perm
5526:Long
5501:Dram
5489:Mass
5440:Peck
5435:Gill
5409:Cord
5397:Wood
5378:Pint
5299:Acre
5277:Area
5261:Mile
5241:Yard
5236:Foot
5231:Link
5226:Hand
5221:Inch
5098:Span
4976:Slug
4939:Mass
4890:Peck
4875:Gill
4834:Pint
4745:Acre
4740:Rood
4713:Area
4694:Mile
4659:Yard
4654:Foot
4649:Link
4644:Hand
4639:Inch
4624:Twip
4531:2009
4509:2006
4451:ISBN
4381:2006
4346:ISBN
4254:2011
4232:2011
4210:2016
4170:2016
4095:ISBN
4074:2021
4021:ISBN
3994:ISBN
3967:ISBN
3918:ISBN
3838:2011
3777:ISBN
3750:ISBN
3715:2011
3691:2011
3678:ISBN
3657:2011
3644:ISBN
3620:2019
3598:2019
3577:2007
3544:2015
3521:2015
3495:2021
3470:2006
3401:2012
3374:s.v.
3357:2016
3327:2011
3266:LCCN
3256:ISBN
3226:2006
3122:and
3112:lead
3075:and
3019:pund
3013:and
2991:and
2984:pond
2919:Tria
2824:and
2801:The
2779:pood
2765:was
2754:funt
2744:funt
2738:Đ€ŃĐœŃ
2729:funt
2680:Roer
2630:The
2615:The
2596:The
2587:The
2544:and
2516:The
2383:NIST
2173:").
2165:and
1909:7216
1883:The
1835:4277
1821:6213
1776:The
1567:= 1.
849:= 1.
826:= 1.
766:Troy
760:Troy
742:Troy
664:The
645:and
597:The
532:and
469:mass
427:yard
365:and
343:pund
334:pond
205:and
199:mass
195:unit
185:The
105:mass
41:and
5559:Kip
5521:Ton
5373:Cup
5246:Rod
5012:Ksi
4996:Ton
4829:Cup
4669:Rod
4447:122
3806:doi
3118:of
3060:jin
3028:jīn
2916:or
2602:or
2368:622
1865:592
1843:592
1832:592
1825:.
1628:16
1625:15
1472:15
1095:175
1000:175
994:144
851:037
828:296
796:144
790:175
775:kg
672:of
498:An
479:592
437:592
273:).
265:or
224:592
197:of
189:or
176:16
154:592
43:LBS
5709::
4449:.
4398:.
4360:^
4326:^
4284:.
4262:^
4161:.
4060:.
3899:^
3846:^
3800:.
3563:.
3511:.
3478:^
3432::
3372:,
3329:.
3317:.
3313:.
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3264:,
3206:^
3126:.
3107:.
3087:.
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2855:,
2789:.
2772:96
2741:,
2686:,
2682:,
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2612:.
2513:.
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2412::
2408:,
2404::
2371:34
2361:62
2330:22
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2169:("
2143:,
2116:22
2112:=
2106:=
2095:=
2089:=
2078:=
2072:=
2061:=
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1938:12
1868:37
1846:43
1813:65
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1688:1
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1615:35
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1596:1
1583:15
1577:16
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1514:36
1498:16
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1462:16
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1407:15
1400:1
1370:64
1364:75
1350:28
1344:27
1328:20
1317:â
1301:12
1267:35
1261:12
1208:1
1198:16
1192:15
1178:35
1172:27
1145:â
1106:12
1089:29
1046:75
1040:64
1023:15
1017:16
1010:1
978:11
967:â
899:12
882:16
865:36
859:35
842:27
836:28
819:27
813:35
783:1
688:.
641:,
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518:91
482:37
451:.
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440:37
371:.
350:.
328:,
293:,
287:lb
267:âłÌ¶
248:lb
240:lb
227:37
157:37
113:lb
39:LB
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