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3368:. Two early methods were percussion, in which the ice is fractured and pulverized, and rotary drilling, a method often used in mineral exploration for rock drilling. In the 1940s, thermal drills began to be used; these drills melt the ice by heating the drill. Drills that use jets of hot water or steam to bore through ice soon followed. A growing interest in
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4013:
Lili caused extensive damage through the
Caribbean, particularly to crops and poorly built homes. Mudslides were common on the more mountainous islands, particularly Haiti and Jamaica. In the United States, the storm cut off the production of oil within the Gulf of Mexico, and caused severe damage in
4681:
Atmospheric gases scatter blue wavelengths of visible light more than other wavelengths, giving the Earth’s visible edge a blue halo. At higher and higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes so thin that it essentially ceases to exist. Gradually, the atmospheric halo fades into the blackness of space.
3982:, which affected the same areas around a week before Lili. Lili was the twelfth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm developed from a tropical disturbance in the open Atlantic on September 21. It continued westward, affecting the
5117:
in March 2004, causing devastating damage. This was taken just before landfall, when the system was at its peak intensity about 333 km (207 mi) east of
Madagascar, with sustained windspeed of 260 km/h (160 mph). At least 250 people were listed dead, with more missing, and 300,000 people were left
4146:
The crater was discovered by
Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield, geophysicists who had been looking for petroleum in the Yucatán Peninsula during the late 1970s. Penfield was initially unable to obtain evidence that the geological feature was a crater and gave up his search. Later, through contact
3376:
research, led to ice coring drills being developed in the 1950s and 1960s, and there are now many different coring drills in use. For obtaining ice cores from deep holes, most investigators use cable-suspended electromechanical drills, which use an armoured cable to carry electrical power to a
3352:
to gain access to what is beneath the ice, to take measurements along the interior of the ice, and to retrieve samples. Instruments can be placed in the drilled holes to record temperature, pressure, speed, direction of movement, and for other scientific research, such as
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4014:
parts of
Louisiana. Lili was also responsible for severe damage to the barrier islands and marshes in the southern portion of the state. Total damage amounted to $ 925 million (2002 USD), and the storm killed 15 people during its existence. (
2461:. Surface water works its way down to an average depth of around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where it contacts hot rocks. The pressurized water boils, and this causes the geyser effect of hot water and steam spraying out of the geyser's surface vent. (
1423:, making it one of the most climatically diverse countries in the world. The country's meteorological department follows the international standard of four seasons with some local adjustments: winter (December to February), summer (March to May),
5875:
2293:. This process maintains the current average surface temperature of 14.76 °C (58.57 °F), at which water is liquid under normal atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with the
2072:(the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed) is about 5,730 years, the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by this process date to approximately 50,000 years ago (in this interval about 99.8% of the
2707:. No rivers flow into or out of the lake; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 150 years. With a depth of 1,949 feet (594 m), the lake is the
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cliffs, particularly during the winter months when landslides exposed new fossils that had to be collected quickly before they were lost to the sea. Her discoveries included the first correctly identified
5540:
4895:
7098:
2045:
in a sample from a dead plant or animal, such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone, provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died. The older a sample is, the less
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5057:
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4098:
7130:
4135:, about ten kilometers (six miles) in diameter, struck Earth. The crater is estimated to be 200 kilometers (120 miles) in diameter and 1 kilometer (0.62 miles) in depth. It is believed to be
6831:
that are falling from the cloud and being caught by the high level winds. The streaks point in the direction of the wind and may appear straight giving the clouds the appearance of a comma (
376:, is fractured into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of
9343:
7162:
1526:. Since the ice forms from the incremental buildup of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper ones, and an ice core contains ice formed over a range of years. Cores are
8836:
4928:
4637:
7738:
7028:
6094:
1537:
The physical properties of the ice and of material trapped in it can be used to reconstruct the climate over the age range of the core. The proportions of different oxygen and hydrogen
5841:
202:
related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the
702:. The 1949 Ambato earthquake initially followed an intersection of several northwest-southeast-trending faults in the Inter-Andean Valley which were created by the subduction of the
917:(PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and
7386:
6285:
5324:
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7194:
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encompasses a diverse array of climatic subtypes. These range from arid and semi-arid regions in the west to highland, sub-arctic, tundra, and ice cap climates in the northern
8994:
4799:
79:
8815:
7706:
3148:. The island, with a land area of roughly 116 square miles (300 km), is about 42 miles (68 km) long and 1 to 4 miles (1.6 to 6.4 km) wide. The area has a
7354:
5572:
7256:
5170:
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buildings, and virtually all of these collapsed. The public became angry due to the slow official response to victims who needed supplies. Residents of the town of
8959:
8799:
8795:
8783:
8779:
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3670:. The fact that the extinctions occurred simultaneously provides strong evidence that they were caused by the asteroid. A 2016 drilling project into the Chicxulub
6432:
that formed worldwide from 1985 to 2005. The points show the locations of the storms at six-hourly intervals and use the color scheme shown on the right from the
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59:
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with an intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. The formation of geysers is fairly rare, and is caused by particular
7608:
6964:
672:
706:. Strata of rock cracked as the earthquake ruptured the faults, sending out powerful shock waves. Today threats exist throughout the country from both
9393:
8726:
8524:
7652:
3020:, approximately 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the epicenter, although no damage was reported there. Most houses in the region were single-story
2083:
will have decayed), although special preparation methods occasionally make an accurate analysis of older samples possible. In 1960, Libby received the
9403:
913:), marked the beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the
9383:
8939:
8934:
1557:
in a large ice sheet is very slow, the borehole temperature is another indicator of temperature in the past. These data can be combined to find the
8492:
7818:
7656:
5268:. It is 22 km long (North-South) and 5 km wide. Its dunes reach a maximum height of 150 meters. It is located roughly 40 kilometers south-east of
9328:
9308:
8688:
7079:
6949:
6942:
1466:
is thus kept warm or is only mildly chilly or cold during winter; the same thermal dam keeps most regions in India hot in summer. The climate in
3902:
from 1831 to 1836 that truly established Darwin as an eminent geologist. The observations and theories he developed during his voyage supported
322:
9481:
9338:
3407:
Geologic time shown in a diagram called a geological clock, showing the relative lengths of the eons of Earth's history and noting major events
4006:. The hurricane rapidly strengthened on October 2, reaching Category 4 strength that afternoon. It weakened rapidly thereafter, and hit
1295:
could grow to about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) in length. Despite their small size, broad wings, and inferred ability to fly or glide,
402:. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. Faults tend to be geologically active, experiencing
3284:
Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics into the market. The
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1025:, the total cumulated global glacial losses over the 26-year period from 1993 to 2018 were likely 5500 gigatons, or 210 gigatons per yr.
40:
6389:
and one of the most active in the whole entire world. This eruption, one of Etna's most vigorous in years, was triggered by a series of
9388:
9378:
9373:
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10 to 15 km (6 to 9 mi) wide, 66 million years ago, which devastated the global environment, mainly through a lingering
1756:
156:
53:
6827:
crystals and shaped like hairlike filaments. They are formed at an altitudes above 5000 metres (16,500 feet). The streaks are made of
3607:, which can be found throughout the world in marine and terrestrial rocks. The boundary clay shows unusually high levels of the metal
1534:(for shallow holes) or powered drills; they can reach depths of over two miles (3.2 km), and contain ice up to 800,000 years old.
8904:
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3696:
3518:
2815:
131:
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Many different methods have been used since 1840, when the first scientific ice drilling expedition attempted to drill through the
3145:
2008:
by eating the plants. When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and thereafter the amount of
151:
146:
4285:
had a distinguished career as a field geologist despite losing a part of his skull and an eye to shrapnel during World War I?
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5797:
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5128:
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8899:
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4136:
3872:
2795:
141:
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4151:
in 1990, Penfield obtained samples that suggested it was an impact feature. Evidence for the crater's impact origin includes
126:
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111:
106:
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1865:, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in
1846:. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active.
121:
116:
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101:
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important monsoonal regime. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range, the
Himalayas bar the influx of frigid
136:
4319:
9880:
9159:
9061:
8924:
8500:
8469:
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7906:
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2909:. Even if efforts to minimize future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include
1670:
844:
8989:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8648:
7983:
2819:
2811:
1210:
6747:. Thunderstorms have had a lasting and powerful influence on mankind. Romans thought them to be battles waged by
6624:. Too cold and dry to support virtually any vascular plants, Antarctica's flora presently consists of around 250
4528:
1392:
1391:
consists of a wide range of weather conditions across a vast geographic scale and varied topography. Based on the
9206:
9192:
9103:
8504:
8485:
8477:
8021:
4085:
3682:, the usual sulfate-containing sea floor rock in the region: the gypsum would have vaporized and dispersed as an
3437:, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the
3030:
2956:
2791:
1362:
986:
770:
3986:
as a tropical storm, then entered the
Caribbean. As it moved west, the storm dissipated while being affected by
2711:
in the United States. In the world, it ranks tenth for maximum depth, as well as third for mean (average) depth.
659:
were destroyed, and the city of Ambato suffered heavy damage. The earthquake flattened buildings and subsequent
9089:
8999:
8964:
8722:
8684:
8576:
8445:
8335:
7862:
7851:
7789:
6918:
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5107:
4780:
3975:
3884:
2878:
2787:
1764:
1054:
973:
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in the early 1990s, which provided conclusive evidence that the K–Pg boundary clay represented debris from an
9855:
9248:
9228:
9125:
9075:
8914:
8859:
8327:
6160:
4327:
2651:
2585:
skeleton located outside
Germany; and fish fossils. Her observations played a key role in the discovery that
1470:
is generally warmer, and more humid due to its coastlines. However some hill stations in South India such as
3448:
and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid
179:
9167:
4439:
3994:, and regenerated when the vertical wind shear weakened. It turned to the northwest and strengthened up to
2902:
2569:
6336:
of Earth. The image was recorded with an electronic still camera at 15:15:15 GMT, Dec. 21, 1999. (Credit:
3775:
3159:, but has had no permanent population since 1832. The island has been part of the United States since the
9033:
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8874:
8556:
8383:
7950:
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7603:
as the band's new co-vocalist. The band went on hiatus in 2017 following the death of then-lead vocalist
7574:
7462:
6382:
6011:
5755:, and nearly half of the world's marine waters are over 3000 m deep. This global, interconnected body of
4260:
3892:
3759:
3485:
3413:
2177:
1002:
1001:
regions of South
America and Africa. Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g.,
357:, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by
2289:), creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing of
9657:
9220:
9145:
8984:
8879:
8730:
8718:
8620:
8616:
8580:
8520:
7917:
7600:
3836:
is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. In a joint publication with
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1831:
96:
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1222:
631:
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8758:
8696:
8588:
8375:
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3168:
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1419:
conditions, which support lush rainforests in these territories. Many regions have starkly different
1275:
around 150 million years ago, in what is now southern
Germany, during a time when Europe was an
978:
902:
671:. It disrupted water mains and communication lines and opened a fissure into which the small town of
4222:, from the deepest parts of the ocean to altitudes of up to 64 km (40 miles) in the atmosphere?
3694:
and produced long-lasting effects on the climate, detailing the mechanisms of the mass extinction. (
9885:
8754:
8465:
8017:
7648:
7562:
6938:
5936:
5438:
4581:
4281:
4197:
4063:
reveals part of the diameter ring of the crater in the form of a shallow circular trough. Numerous
3911:
3744:
3476:
3472:
2998:
2807:
2219:
2208:
2084:
9111:
1759:(IUGS), making it the first new geological period declared in 120 years. Although the period took
549:. Terrestrial planets have a compact, rocky surfaces, and Venus, Earth, and Mars each also has an
9890:
9313:
8322:
7895:
7745:
7551:
7491:
large enough to be detected as an earthquake by monitoring stations. Local residents are told to
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6752:
5826:
5589:
5513:
5405:
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4344:
4245:
3880:
2765:
2757:
2298:
1895:
4302:
2752:
1083:
989:
since the late 19th century. Examples include mountain glaciers in western North
America, Asia,
351:, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of
9153:
9055:
8762:
8461:
8391:
8347:
6328:
Astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery recorded this rarely seen phenomenon of the full
6143:
5442:
4557:
3999:
3853:
2882:
2708:
2161:
1869:; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. (
1319:, a long bony tail, hyperextensible second toes ("killing claw"), feathers (which also suggest
716:
610:
315:
9711:
8750:
8552:
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8473:
8387:
8371:
8299:
8224:
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8100:
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4332:
3916:
3837:
3817:
3418:
2803:
2723:
2683:
2231:
1944:
1871:
1303:
dinosaurs than with modern birds. In particular, they shared the following features with the
711:
707:
3571:
weighing more than 25 kilograms (55 pounds) also became extinct, with the exception of some
1549:
trapped in tiny bubbles can be analysed to determine the level of atmospheric gases such as
9875:
9462:
9200:
9186:
9097:
8738:
8584:
7492:
7476:
4714:
4273:
4268:
3876:
3829:
3422:
2675:
2443:
2322:
1922:
1775:, at , approximately 55 km (34 mi) southeast of the Ediacara Hills fossil site. (
1412:
1370:
699:
695:
515:
469:
7815:
4119:
in Mexico. Its center is offshore, but the crater is named after the onshore community of
4116:
3663:
3563:
approximately 66 million years ago. The event caused the extinction of all non-avian
3456:
formed soon afterwards, possibly as a result of the impact of a planetoid with the Earth.
2356:
1353:
1231:), meaning "feather" or "wing". Between the late 19th century and the early 21st century,
8:
9083:
8395:
8379:
8355:
8351:
7994:
7939:
7807:
7778:
7558:
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6164:
5552:
4010:
as a Category 1 hurricane on October 3. It moved inland and dissipated on October 6.
3691:
3623:
3403:
2914:
2870:
2250:
2157:
1963:
1720:
supereon", before the beginning of the subsequent Cambrian Period marks the start of the
1546:
1040:
on every continent other than the Australian mainland, including Oceania's high-latitude
962:
918:
664:
623:
386:
75:
9472:
6866:
2184:. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of
444:
9765:
9242:
9069:
8766:
8734:
8367:
8363:
8339:
8239:
7873:
7604:
6386:
5856:
4940:
4407:
4272:
played softball for audiences of over a thousand people, in an atmosphere similar to a
4148:
3857:
3651:
3631:
2894:
2558:
2550:
2089:
1937:
1909:
1431:
619:
487:
392:
362:
71:
45:
3330:
1427:
or rainy season (June to September), and a post-monsoon period (October and November).
755:
Map of Earth as it appeared 60 million years ago during the Paleocene, Selandian stage
309:
9819:
9756:
9287:
8692:
8528:
8208:
7596:
6913:
6840:
6270:
6168:
5373:
5119:
4880:
4206:
4128:
3979:
3849:
3630:, it is now generally thought that the K–Pg extinction was caused by the impact of a
3361:
2831:
2827:
2294:
2031:
1771:
is actually located in the bed of the Enorama Creek within the Brachina Gorge in the
1702:
1687:
668:
530:
411:
353:
336:
227:
67:
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as a Category 4 storm. This photograph of the eye of the hurricane was taken from a
9729:
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According to the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (
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that buried much of Lombok and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of
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Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the
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Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene".
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has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than
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in 1946. Its status as an official geological period was ratified in 2004 by the
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599:
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48:. Please contact these user(s) when you plan to make significant changes.
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1365:. In contrast to the rain shadow region of Tirunelveli, the park receives ample
1048:. Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi) are called
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winter is the season having the shortest days (which vary greatly according to
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The ACFEL ice auger showing an ice core pushed up into the core remover barrel.
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2782:—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's
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6885:. The photo shows the geological exfoliation of granite dome rock. (Taken by
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of a diverse community of previously unrecognized lifeforms (later named the
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Earthquakes in Ecuador stem from two major interrelated tectonic areas: the
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and, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly
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and popular reference books as the oldest known bird (member of the group
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that is known for destructive earthquakes. The shock measured 6.5 on the
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2176:. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering
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ejected within minutes from deep in the earth, but contained hardly any
2553:. Anning's findings contributed to changes in scientific thinking about
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Earth's lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the
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emerges from a seven-year hiatus with the announcement of an upcoming
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into the following five bodies, from the largest to the smallest: the
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3860:. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in
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skeleton when she was twelve years old; the first two nearly complete
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A map of the world as it appeared during the mid-Ediacaran, c. 600 Ma
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than is replenished by flow into that region. In this region of the
3690:. In October 2019, researchers asserted that the event rapidly
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into the atmosphere, causing longer-term effects on the climate and
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is brown, sand is yellow and white, vegetation is green, and salty
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3277:. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a
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1971:
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1408:
1324:
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1013:, glacial mass changes are one of the most sensitive indicators of
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The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The
876:
534:
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9792:
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Watch its talk page for earth science-related issues on Knowledge.
3654:, was bolstered by the discovery of the 180 km (112 mi)
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resorted to throwing stones at the car of a government minister. (
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regions, varying with elevation. The northern lowlands experience
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3832:. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a
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follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the
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also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The
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of 7, making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the
1823:
1538:
1523:
1424:
1280:
1244:
1240:
656:
652:
483:
407:
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5640:, glacial lakes have been rapidly forming on the surface of the
1806:
1287:, with the largest individuals possibly attaining the size of a
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7655:
asteroid to be successfully discovered before impacting Earth.
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1861:. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of
1827:
1725:
895:
648:
538:
518:. Earth is the only terrestrial planet known to have an active
4299:
3622:
As originally proposed in 1980 by a team of scientists led by
3016:), the earthquake was felt as far away as the capital city of
3009:. At least 230 people were killed and 1,500 more were injured.
2726:, a natural rock pillar, is located near the southern shore. (
2434:
2428:
2402:
1641:
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of islands in a shallow warm tropical sea, much closer to the
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sank. Moderate shaking from the event extended as far away as
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has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in
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340:
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1500:
1123:
602:; the bullseye is the epicenter; small blue lines are rivers
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era, while heralding the beginning of the current era, the
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is intact and directly accessible for scientific research.
3460:
and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere.
2529:. She became known internationally for her discoveries in
1135:
9846:
8264:
7690:
on Earth of 82.2 °C (180.0 °F) and the highest
7644:
6824:
6617:
4294:
was explored by geologists using motor toboggans in 1961?
4071:) cluster around the trough marking the inner crater rim.
3797:
3101:
3089:
2502:
Anning with her dog, Tray, painted before 1842; the hill
2425:
2393:
2277:
that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as a
2153:
1899:
Radiocarbon dating helped verify the authenticity of the
1635:
1147:
785:
525:
Terrestrial planets are substantially different from the
7753:
5751:
cover almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the
3816:; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English
3155:
Amchitka was populated for more than 2,500 years by the
2457:
areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of
1822:
In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at Samalas, a
6835:), or may by seem tangled, an indication of high level
4339:
caused significant damage just outside the city limits?
4231:
received a gold medal for her early work on fossils of
2697:. The lake partly fills a 2,148-foot-deep (655 m)
643:
15 km beneath the surface. The nearby villages of
9286:
it. If you're not sure how to do it, practice in the
5644:-covered glaciers and researchers have found a strong
2453:
Generally, geyser field sites are located near active
2297:
receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) drive
1415:. In contrast, much of the south and the east exhibit
1407:
conditions, with some areas at higher altitudes, like
1028:
On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast
622:
in five years. On August 5, 1949, it struck Ecuador's
90:
Knowledge portal for content related to Earth sciences
4451:
4104:
4002:
in western Cuba later that day, and then entered the
3809:
3800:
3794:
3452:
when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The
3107:
2846:, the primary greenhouse gas driving global warming,
2450:
conditions that exist only in a few places on Earth.
2431:
2399:
1671:
1653:
1647:
1638:
1620:
1153:
1150:
1126:
1120:
845:
806:
800:
226:). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of
7698:
will investigate to confirm the readings' accuracy.
3788:
3104:
1853:
reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and
1659:
1626:
1141:
1138:
833:
827:
788:
782:
553:. Their size, radius, and density are all similar. (
6401:, 600 km (373 mi) to the south. (Credit:
3970:was the second costliest, deadliest, and strongest
3785:
3095:
3092:
2718:, located near the western shore of the lake, is a
2669:
2422:
2390:
1632:
1132:
824:
779:
630:and killed 5,050 people. Measuring 6.4 on the
8995:volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
8727:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
8525:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
8016:For a more comprehensive treatment of topics, see
5272:. The local center for tourists is the village of
2222:combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving
1943:The method was developed in the late 1940s at the
1709:Period at 538.8 Mya. It is the last period of the
4424:methods have been used to look for the palace of
3377:mechanical drill at the bottom of the borehole. (
3167:, it was used as an airfield by US forces in the
2517:(21 May 1799 – 9 March 1847) was an English
1951:, based on the constant creation of radiocarbon (
1017:. Retreat of glaciers is also a major reason for
9867:
8960:Sites of special scientific interest in Cornwall
7300:Specimen from a palaeontological site of Lebanon
4178:
3840:, he introduced his scientific theory that this
3483:since the beginning of the planet's formation. (
3425:based on the study of the planet's rock layers (
1697:that spans 96 million years from the end of the
8689:Toronto Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory
5897:. (Credit: Oregon's Mt. Hood Territory.) (from
533:and are composed mostly of some combination of
58:. Subpages that are no longer needed should be
9465:sister projects provide more on this subject:
9005:Wettest tropical cyclones in the United States
3599:, the K–Pg event is marked by a thin layer of
3475:. However, in 2020, researchers reported that
3152:, with many storms, and mostly overcast skies.
2850:and is at levels unseen for millions of years.
2701:that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago
2238:capable of deflecting most of the destructive
1816:View of Mount Samalas along with Mount Rinjani
1177:), sometimes referred to by its German name, "
1032:(also known as "continental glaciers") in the
78:before making major changes. Learn how to
7573:, after being docked for three months at the
4253:produced by the impact of the Apollo 13
3887:from 1828 to 1831 encouraged his passion for
2990:
2226:, which interact to produce mountain ranges,
8980:Storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
8975:Storms in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
7441:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7409:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7377:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7345:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7313:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7279:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7247:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7217:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7185:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7153:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7121:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7089:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7051:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7019:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6987:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6798:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6711:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6679:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6620:. Antarctica was discovered in late January
6575:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6542:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6510:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6308:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6276:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6244:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6210:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6117:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6085:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6053:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5974:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5866:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5832:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5759:, called the World Ocean, is divided by the
5728:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5696:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5595:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5563:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5480:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5448:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5411:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5379:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5347:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5315:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5226:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5193:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5161:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5080:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5048:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5016:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4984:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4951:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4919:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4886:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4854:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4822:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4790:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4661:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4137:the second largest impact structure on Earth
4044:
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2639:
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2117:
1805:
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9412:Join one of the WikiProjects listed below.
7599:, a worldwide concert tour, and introduces
4411:, about 535 mya, there have been five
3650:. The impact hypothesis, also known as the
3444:Initially, Earth was molten due to extreme
2313:, and a range of weather phenomena such as
1186:
1162:
815:
794:
270:Map of Earth's 16 principal tectonic plates
9278:Whether you are an expert or a novice, be
8669:Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area
7643:in the Philippines at approximately 16:40
5787:. Official boundaries are defined by the
2792:current rise in global average temperature
2693:and is famous for its deep blue color and
2650:Panoramic winter view of Crater Lake from
2564:Anning searched for fossils in the area's
1757:International Union of Geological Sciences
6917:was the third most powerful storm of the
6751:. Thunderstorms were associated with the
6636:, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic
4725:. Now it is thought to be a symmetrical
3914:made Darwin famous as a popular author. (
2853:Climate change has an increasingly large
2057:there is to be detected, and because the
663:caused damage throughout the Tungurahua,
632:
8945:North Carolina hurricanes (1980–present)
8837:Views of Earth from space and satellites
7242:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
7076:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
5935:) and the lowest temperatures. (Credit:
3828:, widely known for his contributions to
3508:
3402:
3329:
3296:turquoise mined near the modern city of
3196:
3146:Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
2946:
2751:
2722:about 316 acres (128 hectares) in size.
2714:Crater Lake features two small islands.
1894:
1735:The Ediacaran Period is named after the
1561:that best fits all the available data. (
1499:
1474:are well known for their cold climate. (
1446:in the north work in tandem to create a
1352:
443:
265:
9644:
9468:
9453:
7819:Earth and atmospheric sciences journals
7635:, is predicted to fall harmlessly as a
6955:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6892:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6846:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6766:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6647:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6478:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6443:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6408:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6343:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6178:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6021:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5942:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5900:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5798:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5789:International Hydrographic Organization
5663:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5531:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5283:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5129:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
4756:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
4689:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
4303:
3674:confirmed that the peak ring comprised
2905:is forcing many species to relocate or
2885:. Higher temperatures are also causing
1993:, which is incorporated into plants by
448:The inner planets. From left to right:
365:was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s.
335: 'pertaining to building') is the
80:update the maintenance information here
9868:
7495:and schools in the region are closed.
6948:aircraft on August 28, 2005. (Credit:
6167:and is used by pilots for calibrating
4398:killed 16 people, left at least 55400
4090:
2019:it contains begins to decrease as the
1716:as well as the last of the so-called "
1247:have since been identified, including
8940:North Carolina hurricanes (1950–1979)
8935:North Carolina hurricanes (1900–1949)
8633:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
6014:. (Credit: NASA, with image edits by
3998:strength on October 1. Lili made two
3072:warhead being lowered into test shaft
2273:is widely present in the atmosphere,
1751:) were first discovered by geologist
1369:due to its location in a mountainous
1283:than it is now. Similar in size to a
977:is well documented and is one of the
9257:
8930:North Carolina hurricanes (pre-1900)
8855:Baja California Peninsula hurricanes
7072:2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake tsunami
4402:, and destroyed nearly 10000 houses?
4059:'s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
3908:concept of gradual geological change
3875:; instead, he helped to investigate
3005:), and was followed by more than 20
2593:stones at the time, were fossilised
2261:. It has a composition of primarily
2164:. This is enabled by Earth being an
1462:and northerly Central Asia. Most of
1299:had more in common with other small
905:, brought on by an asteroid impact (
868:(mya). It is the first epoch of the
479:geology of solar terrestrial planets
242:
16:
9344:Mineralogical Association of Canada
8955:Retired Pacific typhoon names (JMA)
8743:National parks of England and Wales
8665:Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
8533:Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
5254:
4375:wettest tropical cyclones on record
4326:...that nearly 10 years before the
3477:sufficient water to fill the oceans
2195:. Most of Earth's land is somewhat
1773:Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park
1021:. Excluding peripheral glaciers of
882:. The name is a combination of the
13:
9845:
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9809:
9791:
9773:
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9665:
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9531:
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9491:
9471:
9262:
8816:Lists of North Carolina hurricanes
8418:
8407:
7722:
6937:along the Central Gulf Coast near
6933:on August 25, 2005, then again on
6763:. (Credit: John Kerstholt.) (from
6616:and is almost entirely covered by
4733:or dome) that has been exposed to
4627:
4446:
4291:geology of the Ellsworth Mountains
4186:
4127:). It was formed slightly over 66
3848:resulted from a process he called
3467:, augmented by ice delivered from
2984:which is crossed by several major
1518:that is typically removed from an
1373:-facing region wedged between the
70:when editing, especially if using
14:
9902:
8905:Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
8501:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
8470:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
8008:
7830:Earth science conspiracy theories
7686:, records the highest unverified
6875:Enchanted Rock State Natural Area
6428:This map shows the tracks of all
6385:. Etna is the largest of Italy's
5118:homeless due to Gafilo. (Credit:
4977:, by R. Clucas (USGS) (edited by
2788:Climate change in a broader sense
9241:
9227:
9213:
9199:
9185:
9166:
9152:
9138:
9124:
9110:
9096:
9082:
9068:
9054:
9040:
9026:
8831:
8661:Geology of the Grand Canyon area
8657:Geology of the Death Valley area
8653:Geology of the Capitol Reef area
8649:Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
7717:
7694:of 36.1 °C (97.0 °F).
7622:A small 1.5-metre (4.9 ft)
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5278:Rosa Cabecinhas and Alcino Cunha
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4123:(not the larger coastal town of
4026:
3955:Lili near peak intensity in the
3926:
3781:
3706:
3495:
3389:
3316:
3183:
3085:
3040:
2968:) occurred on 22 June 2002. The
2933:
2893:. Rapid environmental change in
2738:
2621:
2473:
2418:
2386:
2337:
2099:
1881:
1787:
1616:
1573:
1504:Ice core sample taken from drill
1486:
1339:
1116:
1064:
933:
915:Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
864:that lasted from about 66 to 56
775:
726:
565:
430:
252:
230:but with a much older history. (
178:
20:
9014:
8970:South America tropical cyclones
8950:Retired Pacific hurricane names
8022:Index of earth science articles
6467:, as seen from space, with the
6141:, drawn on the desert floor at
3414:geological history of the Earth
2871:Amplified warming in the Arctic
2703:by the collapse of the volcano
2597:, and she also discovered that
2214:retain more water than Earth's
1763:from the Ediacara Hills in the
1363:Valley of Flowers National Park
1323:), and various features of the
9272:Edit an Earth sciences article
8900:Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)
8895:Florida hurricanes (1950–1974)
8890:Florida hurricanes (1900–1949)
8865:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
8800:2003 Atlantic hurricane season
8796:2002 Atlantic hurricane season
8784:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
8780:1941 Atlantic hurricane season
8723:Carlsbad Caverns National Park
8685:The Volcano (British Columbia)
8577:The Volcano (British Columbia)
8446:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
7451:
7338:, by Paul Glombick (edited by
6919:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
6434:Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
5652:and glacial retreat. (Credit:
4781:Petrified Forest National Park
4225:... that the Danish geologist
4195:... that the most significant
3976:2002 Atlantic hurricane season
2317:, allowing components such as
2034:. Measuring the proportion of
1765:Nilpena Ediacara National Park
1438:are climatically pivotal: the
974:retreat of glaciers since 1850
1:
8885:Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)
8870:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
8804:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
8792:1998 Pacific hurricane season
8788:1995 Pacific hurricane season
7733:Select to view subcategories
6231:Incandescent Pahoeoe Fountain
6161:Dryden Flight Research Center
4686:'s Earth Observatory.) (from
3736:
3605:K–Pg boundary or K–T boundary
3281:for millennia due to its hue.
2601:fossils contained fossilised
2537:beds in the cliffs along the
2506:can be seen in the background
2232:Earth has a liquid outer core
8478:2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
7929:Earth sciences organizations
6397:was reported as far away as
6363:An October 2002 eruption of
4218:exists in every part of the
3479:may have always been on the
3431:about 4.54 billion years ago
2957:2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
2760:over the past 50 years. The
2689:. It is the main feature of
1826:on the Indonesian island of
1204:. The name derives from the
965:in the United States in 1973
849:-ee-ə-seen, -ee-oh-,
639:scale, it originated from a
347:comprises a number of large
7:
8812:Lists of Florida hurricanes
8557:Mount Cayley volcanic field
8505:2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes
8486:2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes
7962:Earth sciences publications
7676:Qeshm International Airport
7575:International Space Station
7463:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6383:International Space Station
6012:International Space Station
3866:burial in Westminster Abbey
3583:. It marked the end of the
3344:allows scientists studying
2980:, a region of northwestern
2873:has contributed to thawing
2291:energy from the Sun's light
1929:by using the properties of
1830:. The event had a probable
987:rise in global temperatures
10:
9907:
9506:Free textbooks and manuals
8985:Timeline of the far future
8910:Largest volcanic eruptions
8821:Retired Pacific hurricanes
8731:Death Valley National Park
8719:Bryce Canyon National Park
8621:Bryce Canyon National Park
8617:Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)
8581:Upper and Lower Table Rock
8521:Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)
8313:
7536:after five days in orbit.
6889:on 2nd April 2005.) (from
6332:partially obscured by the
4352:and part of the deadliest
3611:, which is more common in
2869:are becoming more common.
2796:primarily caused by humans
1985:combines with atmospheric
1832:Volcanic Explosivity Index
1541:provide information about
1235:was generally accepted by
1221:
1219:), meaning "ancient", and
1209:
909:) and possibly volcanism (
887:
598:of earthquake relative to
321:
72:automated editing software
29:Portal maintenance status:
9636:Discover Knowledge using
9445:Contributing to Knowledge
8925:North Carolina hurricanes
8759:Yellowstone National Park
8697:Yellowstone National Park
8589:Yellowstone National Park
8185:
8182:
8179:
8034:
8031:
8028:
7797:Earth science conferences
7244:, by David Rydevik (from
6565:Joshua Tree National Park
5628:from its terminus of the
4139:, and the only one whose
3548:of three-quarters of the
3423:chronological measurement
3169:Aleutian Islands Campaign
3130:unstable and uninhabited
2966:2002 Changureh earthquake
2855:impact on the environment
2691:Crater Lake National Park
1838:. It left behind a large
1442:in the northwest and the
1291:, the largest species of
1036:. Glaciers also exist in
985:provide evidence for the
979:effects of climate change
626:southeast of its capital
292: Sinistral transform
171:The Earth Sciences Portal
9881:Physical science portals
9626:Dictionary and thesaurus
9566:Collection of quotations
9282:, improve an article by
8990:United States hurricanes
8755:Shoshone National Forest
8466:1968 Illinois earthquake
8360:History of Earth science
8018:Outline of earth science
7907:History of Earth science
7841:Earth sciences textbooks
7563:White Sands Space Harbor
6939:Buras-Triumph, Louisiana
6463:A true-color picture of
4652:of the bluff in Pacifica
4282:Frederick Murray Trotter
3745:On the Origin of Species
3742:, when he was preparing
3587:period, and with it the
2766:sea surface temperatures
2085:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1925:of an object containing
1724:Eon, where recognizable
1705:to the beginning of the
1367:orographic precipitation
594:Map showing location of
9314:Cross section (geology)
7984:Earth sciences software
7304:Paleontology in Lebanon
6759:to be a servant of the
5650:increasing temperatures
5624:in which more material
4348:was both the deadliest
4345:Lorain-Sandusky tornado
4246:Solar Wind Spectrometer
4205:, which comes from the
4198:rock from New Caledonia
4163:in surrounding areas. (
3881:University of Cambridge
3873:University of Edinburgh
3123:
2828:absorb some of the heat
2758:surface air temperature
2670:
1997:; animals then acquire
529:, which might not have
198:includes all fields of
9850:
9832:
9814:
9796:
9778:
9760:
9742:
9724:
9706:
9688:
9670:
9652:
9616:
9596:
9576:
9556:
9536:
9516:
9496:
9476:
9267:
9000:Volcanoes in Indonesia
8965:Snow events in Florida
8763:Yosemite National Park
8462:1949 Ambato earthquake
8423:
7728:
7078:, by Vasily V. Titov,
6614:coldest place on earth
6387:three active volcanoes
6144:Edwards Air Force Base
5793:Alexandre Van de Sande
5432:Ant trapped in Baltic
4440:Start a new article...
4405:...that following the
4307:show different entries
4191:
4115:buried underneath the
4049:
3949:
3891:. However, it was his
3854:struggle for existence
3729:
3513:
3433:by accretion from the
3408:
3335:
3201:
3063:
2951:
2889:, droughts, and other
2848:has grown by about 50%
2769:
2644:
2496:
2360:
2168:, the only one in the
2122:
1966:by the interaction of
1904:
1810:
1596:
1505:
1382:
1180:
1087:
993:in central Europe and
956:
894:meaning "old" and the
749:
611:1949 Ambato earthquake
588:
510:– and one terrestrial
482:mainly deals with the
473:
308:
294:
9849:
9831:
9813:
9795:
9777:
9759:
9741:
9723:
9712:Current events portal
9705:
9687:
9669:
9651:
9615:
9595:
9575:
9555:
9535:
9515:
9495:
9486:Free media repository
9475:
9266:
8915:New Jersey hurricanes
8860:California hurricanes
8751:Rondane National Park
8482:2005 Qeshm earthquake
8474:1997 Qayen earthquake
8422:
8336:Environmental science
8225:Environmental science
8121:Physical oceanography
8101:Chemical oceanography
8043:Atmospheric chemistry
7863:Environmental science
7852:Earth system sciences
7790:Earth sciences awards
7726:
4300:More did you know? -
4190:
4092:[t͡ʃikʃuˈluɓ]
4048:
3948:
3912:journal of the voyage
3910:. Publication of his
3879:. His studies at the
3838:Alfred Russel Wallace
3755:Charles Robert Darwin
3728:
3512:
3419:geological time scale
3406:
3333:
3200:
3062:
2997:scale, had a maximum
2972:was near the city of
2950:
2859:Deserts are expanding
2804:Industrial Revolution
2755:
2643:
2605:like those of modern
2581:skeletons; the first
2495:
2359:
2305:, producing a global
2121:
1945:University of Chicago
1913:(also referred to as
1898:
1809:
1595:
1503:
1356:
1315:, three fingers with
1086:
955:
903:K–Pg extinction event
748:
587:
447:
269:
9586:Free-content library
9463:Wikimedia Foundation
9455:Associated Wikimedia
9420:Improve this portal
9324:Koscierzyna borehole
8739:Geography of Ireland
8585:Volcano (South Park)
8328:Atmospheric sciences
7528:mission operated by
6475:to the east. (from
6471:to the west and the
6163:, it is inclined to
6137:The world's largest
5927:of temperate zones.
4328:2008 Atlanta Tornado
4274:Harlem Globetrotters
4269:Iowa Colored Cowboys
3978:, only surpassed by
3877:marine invertebrates
3864:and was honoured by
3830:evolutionary biology
3692:acidified the oceans
3530:, also known as the
3519:Cretaceous–Paleogene
3374:palaeoclimatological
3144:. It is part of the
2962:2002 Avaj earthquake
2834:after it warms from
2676:volcanic crater lake
2559:history of the Earth
2251:a dynamic atmosphere
2218:, lakes, rivers and
1989:to form radioactive
1543:ancient temperatures
1413:continental climates
700:Andean Volcanic Belt
696:South American Plate
545:existing in various
486:aspects of the four
285: Collision zone
278: Extension zone
186:Earth seen from Moon
9856:WikiProject Portals
9658:List of all portals
9606:Free learning tools
9526:Free knowledge base
9334:Magnetic chronozone
8920:New York hurricanes
8875:Delaware hurricanes
8025:
7639:over the island of
7554:capsule returns to
7526:private spaceflight
7506:15 September 2024 –
7459:18 September 2024 –
7238:Tsunami in Thailand
6563:Weathered rocks at
6381:, as seen from the
5994:A 2002 eruption of
5923:is one of the four
5439:Baltic-amber-beetle
5100:Satellite image of
4749:are blue. (Credit:
4249:detected a gas-ion
3532:Cretaceous–Tertiary
3473:produced the oceans
2960:(also known as the
2915:ocean acidification
2887:more intense storms
2879:retreat of glaciers
2230:, and earthquakes.
2158:astronomical object
1923:determining the age
1522:or a high mountain
1243:). Older potential
963:White Chuck Glacier
919:ocean acidification
624:Tungurahua Province
488:terrestrial planets
9851:
9833:
9815:
9797:
9779:
9766:Mathematics portal
9761:
9743:
9725:
9707:
9689:
9671:
9653:
9617:
9597:
9577:
9557:
9537:
9517:
9497:
9477:
9359:Yuanshan Formation
9268:
9235:History of Science
9132:Rocks and Minerals
8880:Florida hurricanes
8767:Zion National Park
8735:Geography of India
8424:
8384:Physical geography
8240:Physical geography
8014:
7951:Physical geography
7729:
7702:The Economic Times
7666:1 September 2024 –
7618:4 September 2024 –
7605:Chester Bennington
7584:5 September 2024 –
7543:7 September 2024 –
6640:species. (Credit:
6237:, by J.D. Griggs,
6169:heading indicators
6010:, viewed from the
5857:Explosive eruption
4941:Diatomaceous earth
4717:in the country of
4498:History of science
4408:Cambrian explosion
4192:
4149:Alan R. Hildebrand
4050:
3950:
3858:selective breeding
3730:
3652:Alvarez hypothesis
3514:
3409:
3336:
3202:
3126:;) is a volcanic,
3064:
2999:Mercalli intensity
2952:
2770:
2645:
2570:Charmouth Mudstone
2497:
2361:
2172:sustaining liquid
2123:
1964:Earth's atmosphere
1921:) is a method for
1910:Radiocarbon dating
1905:
1849:The event created
1811:
1597:
1506:
1383:
1311:: jaws with sharp
1088:
1044:countries such as
957:
860:, is a geological
750:
669:Cotopaxi Provinces
620:Western Hemisphere
614:was the deadliest
589:
474:
363:seafloor spreading
295:
9820:Technology portal
9546:Free-content news
9436:Selected pictures
9432:Selected articles
9296:Add new articles:
9258:Things you can do
9174:Tropical Cyclones
8827:Featured pictures
8693:Volcanology of Io
8553:Mono–Inyo Craters
8529:David A. Johnston
8414:Featured articles
8404:
8403:
8309:
8308:
8209:Micropaleontology
7918:Earth observation
7734:
7561:, landing at the
7479:weapons depot in
6914:Hurricane Katrina
6430:tropical cyclones
6155:. Painted on the
5443:AmericanXplorer13
4582:Tropical cyclones
4310:
4182:
4129:million years ago
4117:Yucatán Peninsula
3980:Hurricane Isidore
3850:natural selection
3842:branching pattern
3664:Yucatán Peninsula
3362:Unteraargletscher
2822:practices add to
2772:In common usage,
2678:in south-central
2551:Southwest England
2545:in the county of
2295:equatorial region
2259:UV-light at entry
2234:that generates a
2220:atmospheric water
2032:radioactive decay
1970:with atmospheric
1938:isotope of carbon
1855:pyroclastic flows
1688:geological period
1379:Greater Himalayas
983:mountain glaciers
981:. The retreat of
866:million years ago
412:mountain-building
408:volcanic activity
354:continental drift
337:scientific theory
243:Selected articles
228:planetary science
87:
86:
56:should be checked
34:
9898:
9858:
9840:
9822:
9804:
9786:
9768:
9750:
9740:
9732:
9730:Geography portal
9722:
9714:
9704:
9696:
9694:Biography portal
9686:
9678:
9660:
9624:
9604:
9584:
9564:
9544:
9524:
9504:
9484:
9394:David J. Siveter
9245:
9231:
9217:
9203:
9189:
9170:
9156:
9142:
9128:
9114:
9100:
9086:
9072:
9058:
9044:
9030:
8835:
8808:Hurricane Isabel
8629:Chicxulub crater
8561:Mount St. Helens
8427:Climate change (
8376:Paleoclimatology
8311:
8116:Paleoceanography
8065:Paleoclimatology
8058:Hydrometeorology
8026:
7993:
7982:
7971:
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7552:Crew Flight Test
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4354:tornado outbreak
4333:Dunwoody Tornado
4322:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4257:
4181:(auto-generated)
4180:
4125:Chicxulub Puerto
4121:Chicxulub Pueblo
4108:
4102:
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4100:
4094:
4089:
4080:Chicxulub crater
4037:
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3893:five-year voyage
3885:Christ's College
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3632:massive asteroid
3575:species such as
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3528:extinction event
3506:
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3429:). Earth formed
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3150:maritime climate
3138:Aleutian Islands
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2891:weather extremes
2840:lower atmosphere
2824:greenhouse gases
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2555:prehistoric life
2519:fossil collector
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1974:. The resulting
1961:
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1958:
1927:organic material
1919:carbon-14 dating
1901:Dead Sea scrolls
1892:
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1851:eruption columns
1844:Lake Segara Anak
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1417:tropical climate
1388:climate of India
1350:
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1321:warm-bloodedness
1237:palaeontologists
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464:and terrestrial
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9886:Geology portals
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9676:The arts portal
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9487:
9485:
9480:
9478:
9458:
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9450:
9447:for more ideas.
9409:
9408:
9384:Internal Valais
9349:Phosphosiderite
9260:
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8823:
8776:
8775:Featured topics
8772:
8771:
8770:
8594:Other geology (
8569:Nevado del Ruiz
8549:Metacomet Ridge
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8410:
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8405:
8400:
8247:Gaia hypothesis
8235:Human geography
8216:Geomicrobiology
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7727:Category puzzle
7720:
7715:
7672:weather station
7665:
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7628:
7617:
7601:Emily Armstrong
7583:
7542:
7510:Polaris program
7505:
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5617:Glacier retreat
5611:
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5576:
5567:
5547:
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5535:
5510:artificial lake
5500:Northern shore
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5120:Terra satellite
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4955:
4946:Richard Wheeler
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4628:Selected images
4624:
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4558:Systems science
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4454:
4449:
4447:Related portals
4444:
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4323:
4315:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4255:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4166:Full article...
4157:gravity anomaly
4145:
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4084:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4052:
4051:
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4022:
4021:
4017:Full article...
4012:
4011:
3984:Lesser Antilles
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3962:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3917:Full article...
3889:natural science
3870:
3869:
3852:, in which the
3834:common ancestor
3810:
3784:
3780:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3739:
3732:
3731:
3723:
3714:
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3711:
3702:
3701:
3697:Full article...
3668:asteroid impact
3621:
3620:
3597:geologic record
3546:mass extinction
3534:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3486:Full article...
3443:
3442:
3410:
3397:
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3384:
3380:Full article...
3359:
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3311:
3307:Full article...
3283:
3282:
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3259:
3254:
3248:
3239:
3203:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3174:Full article...
3161:Alaska Purchase
3154:
3153:
3131:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3065:
3057:
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3036:
3035:
3031:Full article...
3011:
3010:
2994:
2978:Qazvin Province
2953:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2924:Full article...
2883:sea ice decline
2852:
2851:
2830:that the Earth
2808:Fossil fuel use
2771:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2729:Full article...
2713:
2712:
2702:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2612:Full article...
2563:
2562:
2539:English Channel
2527:palaeontologist
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:Full article...
2452:
2451:
2448:hydrogeological
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2389:
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2374:
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2362:
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2332:
2328:Full article...
2311:climate regions
2309:with different
2288:
2248:
2247:
2224:tectonic plates
2199:and covered by
2193:land hemisphere
2191:within Earth's
2142:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:, December 1972
2130:The Blue Marble
2125:
2124:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2090:Full article...
2087:for his work. (
2078:
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2012:
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1980:
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1872:Full article...
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1783:
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1778:Full article...
1749:Ediacaran biota
1741:South Australia
1734:
1733:
1732:becomes common.
1680:
1676:
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1652:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1605:
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1603:
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1564:Full article...
1536:
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1481:
1477:Full article...
1460:Tibetan Plateau
1456:katabatic winds
1429:
1428:
1384:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:Full article...
1285:Eurasian magpie
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1038:mountain ranges
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547:physical states
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349:tectonic plates
299:Plate tectonics
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8645:Ediacara biota
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8513:Armero tragedy
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4153:shocked quartz
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2907:become extinct
2844:Carbon dioxide
2838:, warming the
2826:. These gases
2784:climate system
2780:global warming
2775:climate change
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1995:photosynthesis
1991:carbon dioxide
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1842:that contains
1836:Holocene epoch
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1737:Ediacara Hills
1701:Period at 635
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1019:sea level rise
1015:climate change
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8451:Earthquakes (
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8449:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8442:Rachel Carson
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8392:Space science
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8348:Geomorphology
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8276:Geostatistics
8274:
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8147:Geomorphology
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7780:
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7758:
7754:
7747:
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7731:
7730:
7725:
7718:Subcategories
7712:
7710:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7659:New Scientist
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7625:
7621:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7611:Rolling Stone
7606:
7602:
7598:
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7587:
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7572:
7571:United States
7568:
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6888:
6887:Wing-Chi Poon
6884:
6883:United States
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6857:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6841:Piccolo Namek
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6820:Cirrus clouds
6809:
6804:
6800:
6799:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6777:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6735:is a form of
6734:
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6707:
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6690:
6685:
6681:
6680:
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6439:
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6419:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6405:crew.) (from
6404:
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6380:
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6170:
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6153:United States
6150:
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6123:
6119:
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6108:
6096:
6091:
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6027:
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6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5985:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5964:Rhodochrosite
5953:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5911:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5889:reflected in
5888:
5877:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5853:Sarychev Peak
5843:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5824:
5823:and magnesite
5822:
5809:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5769:Pacific Ocean
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5739:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5707:
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5692:
5688:
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5674:
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5665:
5664:
5659:
5655:
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5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5620:is a type of
5619:
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5601:
5597:
5596:
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5587:
5586:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5564:
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5555:
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5542:
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5533:
5532:
5527:
5526:Markus Bernet
5523:
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5507:
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5491:
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5260:
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5218:
5216:
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5185:
5184:
5172:
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5163:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5113:which struck
5112:
5109:
5106:, a powerful
5105:
5104:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5044:
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5027:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5007:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:Mount Redoubt
4962:
4957:
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4930:
4925:
4921:
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4915:
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4846:
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4833:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4817:Daniel Schwen
4814:
4813:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4777:Petrified log
4767:
4762:
4758:
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4435:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:Cyclone Jokwe
4391:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4371:February 2007
4368:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
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4341:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4312:
4308:
4293:
4292:
4288:... that the
4287:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4266:... that the
4265:
4262:
4261:lunar surface
4259:stage on the
4258:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4240:... that the
4239:
4237:in Greenland?
4236:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4179:Did you know
4168:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
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4113:impact crater
4110:
4109:
4099:
4093:
4087:
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4081:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4055:Imaging from
4047:
4029:
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4019:
4018:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
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3969:
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3958:
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3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3904:Charles Lyell
3901:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3863:
3862:human history
3859:
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3661:
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3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:which halted
3637:
3636:impact winter
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3617:Earth's crust
3614:
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3567:. Most other
3566:
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3342:
3332:
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3314:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3292:color of the
3291:
3287:
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3275:
3263:
3255:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3234:
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3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:blue-to-green
3212:
3208:
3207:
3199:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
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3143:
3140:in southwest
3139:
3136:group of the
3135:
3129:
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3121:
3115:
3082:
3081:
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3019:
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3000:
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2963:
2959:
2958:
2949:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:ocean heating
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
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2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
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2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2812:deforestation
2809:
2805:
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2797:
2793:
2789:
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2777:
2776:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:Wizard Island
2710:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2695:water clarity
2692:
2688:
2687:United States
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2663:
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2642:
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2368:
2358:
2340:
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2330:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:precipitation
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:magnetosphere
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:Earth's polar
2206:
2205:sheets of ice
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:Earth's crust
2179:
2175:
2174:surface water
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2156:and the only
2155:
2151:
2148:is the third
2147:
2146:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2060:
2033:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1950:
1949:Willard Libby
1946:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:carbon dating
1912:
1911:
1902:
1897:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
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1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:trace fossils
1742:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1667:
1613:
1612:
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1576:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1559:climate model
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1458:from the icy
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1421:microclimates
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Köppen system
1390:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:Archaeopteryx
1294:
1293:Archaeopteryx
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:Late Jurassic
1271:lived in the
1270:
1269:Archaeopteryx
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:Archaeopteryx
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1206:ancient Greek
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Primeval Bird
1184:
1182:
1158:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:Archaeopteryx
1100:
1096:
1095:Archaeopteryx
1085:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:polar regions
1031:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:precipitation
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:
964:
954:
936:
931:
926:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
893:
885:
884:Ancient Greek
881:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
841:
772:
766:
765:
747:
729:
724:
719:
718:
714:seismicity. (
713:
709:
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701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
678:
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666:
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527:giant planets
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359:geoscientists
355:
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316:Ancient Greek
313:
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197:
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191:Earth science
181:
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162:Random portal
160:
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97:Portal topics
95:
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77:
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69:
61:
60:reported here
57:
55:
50:
47:
46:RockMagnetist
43:
42:
36:
35:
30:
26:
23:
19:
18:
9635:
9460:
9454:
9425:Did you know
9339:Fleischerite
9277:
9118:Paleontology
9015:WikiProjects
8778:
8709:
8603:
8499:
8491:Volcanoes (
8460:
8436:
8388:Soil science
8372:Oceanography
8321:
8320:
8290:Soil Science
8199:Paleontology
8194:Biogeography
8152:Hydrogeology
8137:Geochemistry
8096:Oceanography
8091:Hydrogeology
8035:Lithosphere
8032:Hydrosphere
8015:
7973:Soil science
7708:
7701:
7658:
7610:
7597:studio album
7522:Polaris Dawn
7520:
7508:
7499:The Guardian
7498:
7489:an explosion
7473:drone attack
7461:
7439:
7429:
7407:
7397:
7375:
7365:
7343:
7333:
7311:
7308:Mila Zinkova
7299:
7277:
7267:
7245:
7237:
7215:
7205:
7183:
7175:Smoky quartz
7173:
7151:
7141:
7119:
7109:
7087:
7071:
7049:
7041:Pyromorphite
7039:
7017:
7007:
6985:
6975:
6953:
6912:
6890:
6844:
6818:
6796:
6786:
6764:
6761:Great Spirit
6733:thunderstorm
6709:
6699:
6677:
6667:
6645:
6595:
6573:
6570:Mila Zinkova
6562:
6540:
6530:
6508:
6498:
6476:
6441:
6406:
6403:Expedition 5
6364:
6341:
6306:
6296:
6274:
6271:Alchemist-hp
6264:
6242:
6230:
6208:
6198:
6176:
6142:
6139:compass rose
6115:
6105:
6083:
6073:
6051:
6041:
6019:
6016:User:Darkone
5972:
5962:
5940:
5937:Richard Fabi
5898:
5864:
5852:
5830:
5819:Crystalline
5818:
5796:
5785:Arctic Ocean
5777:Indian Ocean
5765:archipelagos
5726:
5716:
5694:
5683:
5661:
5615:
5593:
5583:
5561:
5551:
5529:
5478:
5468:
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5431:
5409:
5399:
5377:
5374:Alchemist-hp
5367:
5345:
5335:
5313:
5303:
5281:
5224:
5215:Thin section
5213:
5191:
5181:
5159:
5149:
5127:
5101:
5078:
5068:
5046:
5036:
5014:
5004:
4982:
4971:
4949:
4939:
4917:
4906:
4884:
4881:Alchemist-hp
4874:
4852:
4844:Hemimorphite
4842:
4820:
4810:
4788:
4776:
4754:
4687:
4659:
4648:
4438:
4432:
4419:
4406:
4393:
4364:
4343:
4342:...that the
4336:
4331:
4306:
4289:
4280:
4267:
4244:
4232:
4226:
4213:
4196:
4164:
4078:
4015:
3965:
3959:on October 2
3915:
3898:
3753:
3743:
3695:
3626:and his son
3624:Luis Alvarez
3615:than in the
3581:crocodilians
3541:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3484:
3439:Solar System
3435:solar nebula
3427:stratigraphy
3412:
3378:
3341:Ice drilling
3339:
3305:
3204:
3172:
3165:World War II
3157:Aleut people
3128:tectonically
3078:
3029:
3002:
2974:Bou'in-Zahra
2965:
2961:
2955:
2922:
2816:agricultural
2800:fossil fuels
2779:
2773:
2727:
2724:Phantom Ship
2705:Mount Mazama
2659:
2610:
2512:
2462:
2379:
2326:
2170:Solar System
2143:
2128:
2088:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1870:
1776:
1769:type section
1728:evidence of
1609:
1562:
1509:
1475:
1452:economically
1386:
1328:
1296:
1292:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1232:
1228:
1216:
1189:
1178:
1108:
1107:
1099:A. siemensii
1098:
1094:
1053:
1049:
972:
922:
911:Deccan Traps
891:
857:
762:
715:
609:
554:
512:dwarf planet
492:Solar System
477:
466:dwarf planet
419:
418:formation. (
377:
374:upper mantle
348:
329:
326:
319:
307:
297:
231:
195:
189:
188:
52:
44: by
38:
28:
9876:All portals
9602:Wikiversity
9423:Add to the
9399:Johnbaumite
9160:Meteorology
9062:Earthquakes
8702:Geography (
8605:Mary Anning
8314:Categories
8256:Cartography
8167:Volcanology
8053:Meteorology
8048:Climatology
8029:Atmosphere
7593:Linkin Park
7532:returns to
7485:Tver Oblast
7452:In the news
7335:Blairmorite
7274:JJ Harrison
7180:JJ Harrison
7082:(edited by
7014:JJ Harrison
6982:JJ Harrison
6839:. (Credit:
6793:JJ Harrison
6753:Thunderbird
6706:JJ Harrison
6674:JJ Harrison
6537:JJ Harrison
6436:. (Credit:
6391:earthquakes
6171:. (Credit:
5969:JJ Harrison
5891:Mirror Lake
5791:. (Credit:
5646:correlation
5524:. (Credit:
5522:Switzerland
5475:JJ Harrison
5441:(edited by
5401:Desert rose
5342:JJ Harrison
5310:JJ Harrison
5276:. (Credit:
5183:Concretions
5156:JJ Harrison
5043:JJ Harrison
4876:Cassiterite
4739:false-color
4421:geophysical
4384:...that in
4105:cheek-shoo-
3740: 1854
3603:called the
3577:sea turtles
3573:ectothermic
3465:water vapor
3372:, used for
3235:, with the
3134:Rat Islands
3007:aftershocks
2899:coral reefs
2814:, and some
2756:Changes in
2720:cinder cone
2661:Crater Lake
2652:Rim Village
2607:cephalopods
2589:, known as
2575:ichthyosaur
2514:Mary Anning
2299:atmospheric
2271:Water vapor
2240:solar winds
2216:groundwater
2186:continental
2166:ocean world
2162:harbor life
1968:cosmic rays
1935:radioactive
1931:radiocarbon
1722:Phanerozoic
1718:Precambrian
1711:Proterozoic
1516:core sample
1468:South India
1464:North India
1440:Thar Desert
1411:, touching
1405:subtropical
1359:Uttarakhand
1357:A scene in
1309:troodontids
1277:archipelago
1093:The Berlin
1046:New Zealand
1011:cloud cover
999:subtropical
692:Nazca Plate
520:hydrosphere
404:earthquakes
345:lithosphere
314:, from
280:Convergent:
224:lithosphere
208:hydrosphere
127:Mathematics
74:, and seek
33:(June 2018)
9870:Categories
9622:Wiktionary
9582:Wikisource
9364:Berzeliite
9354:Menezesite
8711:Antarctica
8396:Speleology
8380:Palynology
8356:Glaciology
8352:Geophysics
8295:Edaphology
8271:Geophysics
8204:Palynology
8180:Biosphere
8172:Speleology
8157:Mineralogy
8079:Glaciology
7995:Speleology
7940:Palynology
7808:Cryosphere
7779:Chronology
7688:heat index
7649:local time
7591:rock band
7567:New Mexico
7538:(BBC News)
7517:spacecraft
7436:Moondigger
6837:turbulence
6829:snowflakes
6755:, held by
6739:involving
6634:liverworts
6610:South Pole
6597:Antarctica
6377:island of
6366:Mount Etna
6334:atmosphere
6298:Vanadinite
6200:Stellerite
6149:California
6006:island of
5996:Mount Etna
5887:Mount Hood
5783:, and the
5761:continents
5757:salt water
5514:Einsiedeln
5247:Erg Chebbi
5115:Madagascar
5108:Category 5
4785:Moondigger
4737:. In this
4729:(circular
4719:Mauritania
4715:depression
4390:Mozambique
4386:Madagascar
4337:(pictured)
4203:peridotite
3996:category 2
3988:wind shear
3818:naturalist
3688:food chain
3585:Cretaceous
3544:, was the
3542:extinction
3462:Condensing
3458:Outgassing
3357:detection.
3350:ice sheets
3220:that is a
3124:Amchixtax̂
2903:the Arctic
2875:permafrost
2863:heat waves
2820:industrial
2802:since the
2778:describes
2587:coprolites
2579:plesiosaur
2543:Lyme Regis
2504:Golden Cap
2255:meteoroids
2249:Earth has
2201:vegetation
2189:landmasses
2030:undergoes
1753:Reg Sprigg
1699:Cryogenian
1545:, and the
1530:with hand
1448:culturally
1256:Xiaotingia
1250:Anchiornis
1097:specimen (
1050:ice sheets
1030:ice sheets
1023:ice sheets
858:Palaeocene
712:intraplate
708:interplate
694:under the
688:subduction
665:Chimborazo
661:landslides
641:hypocenter
616:earthquake
551:atmosphere
484:geological
387:convergent
330:tektonikós
323:τεκτονικός
310:tectonicus
302:(from
287:Transform:
273:Divergent:
216:atmosphere
212:cryosphere
196:geoscience
157:Technology
142:Philosophy
102:Activities
41:maintained
9562:Wikiquote
9502:Wikibooks
9369:Sartorite
9319:Strunzite
9207:Geography
9193:Volcanoes
9104:Mountains
8715:Australia
8681:Oil shale
8625:Calabozos
8545:Mauna Loa
8541:Mauna Kea
8517:Calabozos
8368:Limnology
8364:Hydrology
8340:Geography
8285:Surveying
8230:Geography
8162:Petrology
8142:Geography
8084:Limnology
8074:Hydrology
7874:Geography
7692:dew point
7680:Dayrestan
7487:, causes
7470:Ukrainian
7431:Sandstone
7269:Dundasite
7143:Wulfenite
7009:Malachite
6952:.) (from
6935:August 29
6927:hurricane
6843:.) (from
6741:lightning
6644:.) (from
6612:, is the
6602:continent
6500:Acanthite
6473:Irish Sea
6440:.) (from
6438:Nilfanion
6340:.) (from
6266:Mohawkite
6175:.) (from
6107:Cerussite
6018:.) (from
5939:.) (from
5795:.) (from
5687:particles
5660:.) (from
5585:Wulfenite
5553:Celestine
5528:.) (from
5280:.) (from
5151:Aragonite
5126:.) (from
5070:Atacamite
4907:Volcanic
4753:.) (from
4751:Landsat 7
4747:sediments
4731:anticline
4723:meteorite
4682:(Credit:
4606:Volcanoes
4570:Tornadoes
4474:Geography
4426:Cleopatra
4418:... that
4279:... that
4251:shockwave
4234:Scaphites
4220:biosphere
4212:... that
4141:peak ring
4069:sinkholes
4008:Louisiana
4000:landfalls
3990:south of
3972:hurricane
3897:HMS
3846:evolution
3826:biologist
3822:geologist
3672:peak ring
3613:asteroids
3595:. In the
3569:tetrapods
3565:dinosaurs
3446:volcanism
3370:ice cores
3233:aluminium
3225:phosphate
3206:Turquoise
3001:of VIII (
2970:epicenter
2895:mountains
2867:wildfires
2599:belemnite
2583:pterosaur
2566:Blue Lias
2228:volcanoes
2160:known to
2152:from the
2135:Apollo 17
2059:half-life
1962:) in the
1611:Ediacaran
1555:heat flow
1553:. Since
1520:ice sheet
1444:Himalayas
1432:geography
1401:Himalayan
1202:dinosaurs
870:Paleogene
764:Paleocene
698:and the
681:Guayaquil
596:epicenter
399:transform
393:divergent
220:geosphere
204:biosphere
112:Geography
76:consensus
68:take care
39:manually
9542:Wikinews
9522:Wikidata
9430:Add new
9389:Cernyite
9379:Colusite
9374:Sorosite
9181:See also
9090:Glaciers
8509:Amchitka
8394: •
8390: •
8386: •
8382: •
8378: •
8374: •
8370: •
8366: •
8362: •
8358: •
8354: •
8350: •
8346: •
8342: •
8338: •
8334: •
8330: •
8326: •
8300:Pedology
8183:Systems
7637:fireball
7624:asteroid
7589:American
7559:uncrewed
7493:evacuate
7481:Toropets
7426:Image 75
7394:Image 74
7362:Image 73
7342:) (from
7330:Image 72
7296:Image 71
7264:Image 70
7234:Image 69
7207:Aegirine
7202:Image 68
7170:Image 67
7138:Image 66
7106:Image 65
7086:) (from
7068:Image 64
7036:Image 63
7004:Image 62
6977:Creedite
6972:Image 61
6923:landfall
6909:Image 60
6863:Image 59
6815:Image 58
6783:Image 57
6728:Image 56
6696:Image 55
6664:Image 54
6632:, 25-30
6592:Image 53
6559:Image 52
6527:Image 51
6495:Image 50
6460:Image 49
6425:Image 48
6360:Image 47
6325:Image 46
6293:Image 45
6261:Image 44
6227:Image 43
6195:Image 42
6134:Image 41
6102:Image 40
6070:Image 39
6038:Image 38
5991:Image 37
5959:Image 36
5933:latitude
5917:Image 35
5883:Image 34
5849:Image 33
5821:dolomite
5815:Image 32
5745:Image 31
5718:Mimetite
5713:Image 30
5680:Image 29
5648:between
5638:Himalaya
5612:Image 28
5580:Image 27
5548:Image 26
5497:Image 25
5470:Crocoite
5465:Image 24
5445:) (from
5428:Image 23
5396:Image 22
5369:Platinum
5364:Image 21
5337:Amethyst
5332:Image 20
5300:Image 19
5274:Merzouga
5255:عرج شبّي
5243:Image 18
5221:Kallerna
5210:Image 17
5178:Image 16
5146:Image 15
5097:Image 14
5065:Image 13
5038:Cinnabar
5033:Image 12
5006:Prehnite
5001:Image 11
4981:) (from
4975:eruption
4968:Image 10
4594:Tsunamis
4510:Minerals
4437:–
4400:homeless
4363:...that
4360:history?
4161:tektites
4133:asteroid
4131:when an
4111:) is an
4035:Image 25
3935:Image 24
3735:Darwin,
3715:Image 23
3648:plankton
3601:sediment
3593:Cenozoic
3589:Mesozoic
3504:Image 22
3398:Image 21
3355:neutrino
3346:glaciers
3325:Image 20
3298:Nishapur
3290:sky blue
3279:gemstone
3192:Image 19
3080:Amchitka
3070:Cannikin
3049:Image 18
2942:Image 17
2861:, while
2836:sunlight
2832:radiates
2798:burning
2747:Image 16
2630:Image 15
2603:ink sacs
2557:and the
2531:Jurassic
2482:Image 14
2455:volcanic
2369:geyser,
2367:Strokkur
2346:Image 13
2319:nitrogen
2263:nitrogen
2108:Image 12
1972:nitrogen
1890:Image 11
1796:Image 10
1761:namesake
1743:, where
1707:Cambrian
1679:-ər-ən,
1539:isotopes
1511:ice core
1430:India's
1409:Srinagar
1377:and the
1375:Zanskars
1371:windward
1325:skeleton
1301:Mesozoic
1262:Aurornis
1245:avialans
1217:archaīos
1172:old-wing
995:tropical
991:the Alps
877:Cenozoic
673:Libertad
535:hydrogen
147:Religion
54:subpages
9638:portals
9482:Commons
9288:sandbox
9284:editing
9249:Science
9076:Geology
8841:Geology
8704:More...
8677:Iridium
8609:Archaea
8596:More...
8573:Surtsey
8493:More...
8453:More...
8429:More...
8398:
8344:Geology
8332:Ecology
8281:Geodesy
8186:Others
8132:Geology
7885:Geology
7651:), the
7647:(00:40
7629:2024 RW
7519:of the
7477:Russian
7399:Azurite
7340:Bammesk
7084:Veledan
6873:in the
6871:granite
6749:Jupiter
6745:thunder
6626:lichens
6532:Azurite
6465:Ireland
6395:Ashfall
6375:Italian
6373:on the
6371:volcano
6004:Italian
6002:on the
6000:volcano
5925:seasons
5630:glacier
5626:ablates
5516:in the
5506:Sihlsee
5502:meadows
5266:Morocco
5259:Saharan
4936:Image 9
4914:Godot13
4903:Image 8
4871:Image 7
4839:Image 6
4807:Image 5
4773:Image 4
4743:bedrock
4741:photo,
4735:erosion
4706:Image 3
4678:Image 2
4650:Erosion
4645:Image 1
4546:Science
4534:Physics
4462:Geology
4434:Archive
4381:island?
4379:Réunion
4350:tornado
4065:cenotes
3974:of the
3684:aerosol
3676:granite
3658:in the
3609:iridium
3557:species
3364:in the
3294:Persian
3268:·4
3222:hydrous
3218:mineral
3022:masonry
2964:or the
2709:deepest
2699:caldera
2684:Western
2682:in the
2674:) is a
2666:Klamath
2533:marine
2442:) is a
2371:Iceland
2212:deserts
1863:Pamatan
1859:Sumbawa
1840:caldera
1824:volcano
1690:of the
1686:) is a
1582:Image 9
1528:drilled
1524:glacier
1495:Image 8
1436:geology
1425:monsoon
1348:Image 7
1281:equator
1241:Avialae
1211:ἀρχαῖος
1192:) is a
1181:Urvogel
1166:
1073:Image 6
942:Image 5
892:palaiós
888:παλαιός
735:Image 4
690:of the
657:Pillaro
653:Pelileo
618:in the
574:Image 3
496:Mercury
490:of the
450:Mercury
439:Image 2
261:Image 1
152:Society
122:History
107:Culture
66:Please
7549:Boeing
7530:SpaceX
7438:(from
7406:(from
7374:(from
7310:(from
7276:(from
7214:(from
7182:(from
7150:(from
7118:(from
7048:(from
7016:(from
6984:(from
6795:(from
6788:Quartz
6708:(from
6701:Pyrite
6676:(from
6669:Gypsum
6630:mosses
6628:, 100
6600:, the
6572:(from
6539:(from
6507:(from
6379:Sicily
6305:(from
6273:(from
6241:(from
6207:(from
6114:(from
6082:(from
6075:Baryte
6050:(from
6043:Sulfur
6008:Sicily
5971:(from
5921:Winter
5895:Oregon
5863:(from
5829:(from
5779:, the
5775:, the
5771:, the
5749:Oceans
5725:(from
5693:(from
5656:&
5642:debris
5634:Bhutan
5592:(from
5560:(from
5477:(from
5408:(from
5376:(from
5344:(from
5312:(from
5270:Erfoud
5251:Arabic
5223:(from
5190:(from
5158:(from
5077:(from
5045:(from
5013:(from
4948:(from
4916:(from
4909:tephra
4883:(from
4851:(from
4819:(from
4787:(from
4727:uplift
4658:(from
4522:Oceans
4330:, the
4159:, and
4061:STS-99
3899:Beagle
3824:, and
3680:gypsum
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