2356:
2878:
1431:
506:
1733:(Platelet Function Assay — 100) is a system for analysing platelet function in which citrated whole blood is aspirated through a disposable cartridge containing an aperture within a membrane coated with either collagen and epinephrine or collagen and ADP. These agonists induce platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation, leading to rapid occlusion of the aperture and cessation of blood flow termed the closure time (CT). An elevated CT with EPI and collagen can indicate intrinsic defects such as
257:
532:
2322:" layer, which includes the platelets and the white blood cells. The "buffy coat" is isolated in a sterile bag, suspended in a small amount of red blood cells and plasma, then centrifuged again to separate the platelets and plasma from the red and white blood cells. Regardless of the initial method of preparation, multiple donations may be combined into one container using a sterile connection device to manufacture a single product with the desired therapeutic dose.
606:
675:
2292:
909:
566:
1021:, the most sensitive sign of activation, when exposed to platelets using ADP, are morphological changes. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization is a key event in initiating morphology changes. Intraplatelet calcium concentration increases, stimulating the interplay between the microtubule/actin filament complex. The continuous changes in shape from the unactivated to the fully activated platelet are best seen via
47:
1098:
1205:, while platelets facilitate neutrophils' NETosis. NETs bind tissue factor, binding the coagulation centers to the location of infection. They also activate the intrinsic coagulation pathway by providing its negatively charged surface to the factor XII. Other neutrophil secretions, such as proteolytic enzymes which cleave coagulation inhibitors, also bolster the process.
1741:, or circulating platelet inhibitors. A follow-up test involving collagen and ADP is used to indicate if the abnormal CT with collagen and EPI was caused by the effects of acetyl sulfosalicylic acid (aspirin) or medications containing inhibitors. The PFA-100 is highly sensitive to von Willebrand disease, but is only moderately sensitive to defects in platelet function.
1193:. The process is initiated either by immune cells by activating their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), or by platelet-bacterial binding. Platelets can bind to bacteria either directly through thrombocytic PRRs and bacterial surface proteins, or via plasma proteins that bind both to platelets and bacteria. Monocytes respond to bacterial
2303:: blood is taken from the donor, passed through a device which removes the platelets, and the remainder is returned to the donor in a closed loop. The industry standard is for platelets to be tested for bacteria before transfusion to avoid septic reactions, which can be fatal. Recently the AABB Industry Standards for
1117:. Each platelet has around 60,000 of these receptors. When any one or more of at least nine different platelet surface receptors are turned on during activation, intraplatelet signaling pathways cause existing GpIIb/IIIa receptors to change shape — curled to straight — and thus become capable of binding.
2104:-1 (COX1), and hence normal hemostasis. The resulting platelets are unable to produce new cyclooxygenase because they have no DNA. Normal platelet function does not return until the use of aspirin has ceased and enough of the affected platelets have been replaced by new ones, which can take over a week.
2395:
Platelets, either apheresis-derived or random-donor, can be processed through a volume reduction process. In this process, the platelets are spun in a centrifuge and plasma is removed, leaving 10 to 100 mL of platelet concentrate. Such volume-reduced platelets are normally transfused only to neonatal
1461:
was developed as a test of platelet function by Duke in 1910. Duke's test measured the time taken for bleeding to stop from a standardized wound in the ear lobe that was blotted every 30 seconds, considering less than 3 minutes as normal. Bleeding time has low sensitivity and specificity for mild to
2376:
Platelets do not need to belong to the same A-B-O blood group as the recipient or be cross-matched to ensure immune compatibility between donor and recipient unless they contain a significant amount of red blood cells (RBCs). The presence of RBCs imparts a reddish-orange color to the product and is
2334:
can reduce the infectious load of pathogens contained in donated blood products. Another photochemical treatment process utilizing amotosalen and UVA light has been developed for the inactivation of viruses, bacteria, parasites, and leukocytes. In addition, apheresis platelets tend to contain fewer
1370:
Bleeding due to a platelet disorder or a coagulation factor disorder can be distinguished by the characteristics and location of the bleeding. Platelet bleeding involves bleeding from a cut is prompt and excessive, but can be controlled by pressure; spontaneous bleeding into the skin which causes a
1184:
Although thrombosis, blood coagulation in intact blood vessels, is usually viewed as a pathological immune response, leading to obturation of lumen of blood vessel and subsequent hypoxic tissue damage, in some cases, directed thrombosis, called immunothrombosis, can locally control the spread of an
1052:
These changes are all brought about by the interaction of the microtubule/actin complex with the platelet cell membrane and open canalicular system (OCS), which is an extension and invagination of that membrane. This complex runs just beneath these membranes and is the chemical motor that pulls the
1366:
Spontaneous and excessive bleeding can occur because of platelet disorders. This bleeding can be caused by deficient numbers of platelets, dysfunctional platelets, or platelet densities over 1 million/microliter. (The excessive numbers create a relative von
Willebrand factor deficiency due to
1160:
As hemostasis is a basic function of thrombocytes in mammals, it also has its uses in possible infection confinement. In case of injury, platelets, together with the coagulation cascade, provide the first line of defense by forming a blood clot. Hemostasis and host defense were thus intertwined in
4355:
Gaertner F, Ahmad Z, Rosenberger G, Fan S, Nicolai L, Busch B, Yavuz G, Luckner M, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Hennel R, Benechet A, Lorenz M, Chandraratne S, Schubert I, Helmer S, Striednig B, Stark K, Janko M, Böttcher RT, Verschoor A, Leon C, Gachet C, Gudermann T, Mederos Y, Schnitzler M, Pincus Z,
2325:
Apheresis platelets are collected using a mechanical device that draws blood from the donor and centrifuges the collected blood to separate out the platelets and other components to be collected. The remaining blood is returned to the donor. The advantage to this method is that a single donation
1282:
Mammalian platelets lacking nucleus are able to conduct autonomous locomotion. Platelets are active scavengers, scaling walls of blood vessels and reorganising the thrombus. They are able to recognize and adhere to many surfaces, including bacteria, and can envelop them in their open canalicular
2387:
The change in the recipient's platelet count after transfusion is termed the "increment" and is calculated by subtracting the pre-transfusion platelet count from the post-transfusion count. Many factors affect the increment including body size, the number of platelets transfused, and clinical
2347:
Platelets are stored under constant agitation at 20–24 °C (68–75 °F). Units cannot be refrigerated as this causes platelets to change shape and lose function. Storage at room temperature provides an environment where any introduced bacteria may proliferate and subsequently cause
1120:
Since fibrinogen is a rod-like protein with nodules on either end capable of binding GPIIb/IIIa, activated platelets with exposed GPIIb/IIIa can bind fibrinogen to aggregate. GPIIb/IIIa may also further anchor the platelets to subendothelial vWF for additional structural stabilisation.
264:, denoted by letter L, signal for platelets (P) to migrate towards the wound (Site A). As more platelets gather around the opening, they produce more ligands to amplify the response. The platelets congregate around the wound in order to create a cap to stop blood flow out of the tissue.
1426:
Platelet concentrations vary between individuals and over time, with the population average between 250,000 and 260,000 cells per mm (equivalent to per microliter), but the typical laboratory accepted normal range is between 150,000 and 400,000 cells per mm or 150–400 × 10 per liter.
1217:. DIC in sepsis is a prime example of both the dysregulated coagulation process as well as an undue systemic inflammatory response, resulting in a multitude of microthrombi of similar composition to that in physiological immunothrombosis — fibrin, platelets, neutrophils and NETs.
842:
within the platelet, overcoming the baseline calcium efflux. Families of three G proteins (Gq, Gi, G12) operate together for full activation. Thrombin also promotes secondary fibrin-reinforcement of the platelet plug. Platelet activation in turn degranulates and releases
348:
meaning low platelets). The term thrombocytes are proper for mononuclear cells found in the blood of non-mammalian vertebrates: they are the functional equivalent of platelets, but circulate as intact cells rather than cytoplasmic fragments of bone marrow megakaryocytes.
2396:
and pediatric patients when a large volume of plasma could overload the child's small circulatory system. The lower volume of plasma also reduces the chances of an adverse transfusion reaction to plasma proteins. Volume reduced platelets have a shelf life of four hours.
1720:
Whole blood impedance aggregometry (WBA) measures the change in electrical impedance between two electrodes when platelet aggregation is induced by an agonist. Whole blood lumiaggregometry may increase the test sensitivity to impairment of platelet granule secretion.
2410:
The blood clot is only a temporary solution to stop bleeding; tissue repair is needed. Small interruptions in the endothelium are handled by physiological mechanisms; large interruptions by a trauma surgeon. The fibrin is slowly dissolved by the fibrinolytic enzyme,
2326:
provides at least one therapeutic dose, as opposed to the multiple donations for whole-blood platelets. This means that a recipient is exposed to fewer donors and has less risk of transfusion-transmitted disease and other complications. Sometimes a person such as a
3328:
Harker LA, Roskos LK, Marzec UM, Carter RA, Cherry JK, Sundell B, Cheung EN, Terry D, Sheridan W (April 2000). "Effects of megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet production, platelet life span, and platelet function in healthy human volunteers".
613:
The fundamental function of platelets is to clump together to stop acute bleeding. This process is complex, as more than 193 proteins and 301 interactions are involved in platelet dynamics. Despite much overlap, platelet function can be modeled in three steps:
5476:
Provan D, Arnold DM, Bussel JB, Chong BH, Cooper N, Gernsheimer T, Ghanima W, Godeau B, González-López TJ, Grainger J, Hou M, Kruse C, McDonald V, Michel M, Newland AC, Pavord S, Rodeghiero F, Scully M, Tomiyama Y, Wong RS, Zaja F, Kuter DJ (November 2019).
2246:
is most frequently used to correct unusually low platelet counts, either to prevent spontaneous bleeding (typically at counts below 10×10/L) or in anticipation of medical procedures that necessarily involve some bleeding. For example, in patients undergoing
2318:(PRP) is removed from the red cells, then centrifuged at a faster setting to harvest the platelets from the plasma. In other regions of the world, the unit of whole blood is centrifuged using settings that cause the platelets to become suspended in the "
3926:
O'Halloran AM, Curtin R, O'Connor F, Dooley M, Fitzgerald A, O'Brien JK, Fitzgerald DJ, Shields DC (February 2006). "The impact of genetic variation in the region of the GPIIIa gene, on Pl expression bias and GPIIb/IIIa receptor density in platelets".
1480:, anticoagulated whole blood is mixed with saline and a platelet agonist in a single-use cuvette with two pairs of electrodes. The increase in impedance between the electrodes as platelets aggregate onto them, is measured and visualized as a curve.
1057:. The entire OCS thus becomes indistinguishable from the initial platelet membrane as it forms the "fried egg". This dramatic increase in surface area comes about with neither stretching nor adding phospholipids to the platelet membrane.
2343:
Platelets collected by either method have a typical shelf life of five days. This results in supply shortages, as testing donations often requires up to a full day. No effective preservative solutions have been devised for platelets.
1287:(OCS) rather than phagocytosis, as OCS is merely an invagination of outer plasma membrane. These platelet-bacteria bundles provide an interaction platform for neutrophils that destroy bacteria using the NETosis and phagocytosis.
306:
deposition and linking (secondary hemostasis). These processes may overlap: the spectrum is from a predominantly platelet plug, or "white clot" to a predominantly fibrin, or "red clot" or the more typical mixture. Berridge adds
1124:
Classically it was thought that this was the only mechanism involved in aggregation, but three other mechanisms have been identified which can initiate aggregation, depending on the velocity of blood flow (i.e. shear range).
5646:
Perez-Pujol S, Tonda R, Lozano M, Fuste B, Lopez-Vilchez I, Galan AM, Li J, Goodrich R, Escolar G (June 2005). "Effects of a new pathogen-reduction technology (Mirasol PRT) on functional aspects of platelet concentrates".
1208:
In case of imbalance throughout the regulation of immunothrombosis, this process can become aberrant. Regulatory defects in immunothrombosis are suspected to be a major factor in pathological thrombosis in forms such as
2668:
Lefrançais, Emma; Ortiz-Muñoz, Guadalupe; Caudrillier, Axelle; Mallavia, Beñat; Liu, Fengchun; Sayah, David M.; Thornton, Emily E.; Headley, Mark B.; David, Tovo; Coughlin, Shaun R.; Krummel, Matthew F. (April 2017).
493:, with a semiaxis ratio of 2 to 8. This approximation can be used to model the hydrodynamic and optical properties of a population, as well as to restore the geometric parameters of individual measured platelets by
4553:
Murakawa M, Okamura T, Tsutsumi K, Tanoguchi S, Kamura T, Shibuya T, Harada M, Niho Y (1992). "Acquired von
Willebrand's disease in association with essential thrombocythemia: regression following treatment".
1084:
In addition to interacting with vWF and fibrin, platelets interact with thrombin, Factors X, Va, VIIa, XI, IX, and prothrombin to complete formation via the coagulation cascade. Human platelets do not express
344:(clot cell) came into use in the early 1900s and is sometimes used as a synonym for platelet; but not generally in the scientific literature, except as a root word for other terms related to platelets (e.g.
4753:
Mehic D, Assinger A, Gebhart J. Utility of Global
Hemostatic Assays in Patients with Bleeding Disorders of Unknown Cause. Hamostaseologie. 2024 Jul 1. doi: 10.1055/a-2330-9112. Epub ahead of print. PMID
764:
proteins, ADP reduces platelet adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production, leading to accumulation of calcium inside the platelet by inactivating the cAMP calcium efflux pump. The other ADP-receptor
497:. More accurate biophysical models of platelet surface morphology that model its shape from first principles, make it possible to obtain a more realistic platelet geometry in a calm and activated state.
1137:, initiating and participating in multiple inflammatory processes, directly binding and even destroying pathogens. Clinical data show that many patients with serious bacterial or viral infections have
1593:
812:
receptor and integrin α2β1) on the platelet. GPVI is associated with the Fc receptor gamma chain and leads via the activation of a tyrosine kinase cascade finally to the activation of PLC-gamma2 (
5603:
Ruane PH, Edrich R, Gampp D, Keil SD, Leonard RL, Goodrich RP (June 2004). "Photochemical inactivation of selected viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates using riboflavin and light".
2259:
are avoided for levels below 80×10/L. Platelets may also be transfused when the platelet count is normal but the platelets are dysfunctional, such as when an individual is taking aspirin or
486:
Circulating inactivated platelets are biconvex discoid (lens-shaped) structures, 2–3 μm in greatest diameter. Activated platelets have cell membrane projections covering their surface.
2625:
Machlus KR, Thon JN, Italiano JE (April 2014). "Interpreting the developmental dance of the megakaryocyte: a review of the cellular and molecular processes mediating platelet formation".
2112:, does not have such a long duration effect, with platelet function usually returning within 24 hours, and taking ibuprofen before aspirin prevents the irreversible effects of aspirin.
1712:. Unaggregated plasma allows relatively little light to pass through. After adding an agonist, the platelets aggregate, increasing light transmission, which is detected by a photocell.
2504:
in 1865 described what he called "spherules", which he noted were much smaller than red blood cells, occasionally clumped, and were sometimes found in collections of fibrin material.
3505:
Marcus AJ, Broekman MJ, Drosopoulos JH, Olson KE, Islam N, Pinsky DJ, Levi R (April 2005). "Role of CD39 (NTPDase-1) in thromboregulation, cerebroprotection, and cardioprotection".
4827:
Borhany, Munira; Pahore, Zaen; ul Qadr, Zeeshan; Rehan, Muhammad; Naz, Arshi; Khan, Asif; Ansari, Saqib; Farzana, Tasneem; Nadeem, Muhammad; Raza, Syed Amir; Shamsi, Tahir (2010).
6050:
Lancet, 1882, ii. 916; Notes of
Gulliver's Researches in Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Botany, 1880; Carpenter's Physiology, ed. Power, 9th ed., see Index under 'Gulliver.'
1053:
invaginated OCS out of the interior of the platelet, like turning pants pockets inside out, creating the dendrites. This process is similar to the mechanism of contraction in a
1152:
The platelet cell membrane has receptors for collagen. Following rupture of the blood vessel wall, platelets are exposed and adhere to the collagen in the surrounding tissue.
276:. They gather at the site and, unless the interruption is physically too large, they plug the hole. First, platelets attach to substances outside the interrupted endothelium:
2330:
patient who requires routine transfusions of platelets receives repeated donations from a specific donor to minimize risk. Pathogen reduction of platelets using for example,
924:. Activated platelets secrete the contents of these granules through their canalicular systems to the exterior. Bound and activated platelets degranulate to release platelet
540:
The average life span of circulating platelets is 8 to 9 days. Life span of individual platelets is controlled by the internal apoptotic regulating pathway, which has a Bcl-x
851:, potentiating the coagulation cascade. Platelet plugging and coagulation occur simultaneously, with each inducing the other to form the final fibrin-crosslinked thrombus.
777:(IP3) generation and intracellular release of more calcium. This together induces platelet activation. Endothelial ADPase degrades ADP and prevents this from happening.
5951:
Schmaier AA, Stalker TJ, Runge JJ, Lee D, Nagaswami C, Mericko P, Chen M, Cliché S, Gariépy C, Brass LF, Hammer DA, Weisel JW, Rosenthal K, Kahn ML (September 2011).
2388:
features that may cause premature destruction of the transfused platelets. When recipients fail to demonstrate an adequate post-transfusion increment, this is termed
1037:. The surface of the unactivated platelet looks similar to the surface of the brain–a wrinkled appearance from numerous shallow folds that increase the surface area;
7828:
6399:
1081:
complexes, two of the sites of interplay between platelets and the coagulation cascade. Calcium ions are essential for the binding of these coagulation factors.
2310:
Pooled whole-blood platelets, sometimes called "random" platelets, are separated by one of two methods. In the US, a unit of whole blood is placed into a large
892:
on the platelet surface (hence the so-called "out-in" mechanism), and those of other platelets. These receptors trigger intraplatelet signaling, which converts
749:
activity and increases the production of cAMP, further promoting the efflux of calcium and reducing intracellular calcium availability for platelet activation.
7873:
1784:: the formation of a clot within an intact vessel. This type of thrombosis arises by mechanisms different from those of a normal clot: extending the fibrin of
132:
2870:
1383:; bleeding into mucous membranes causing bleeding gums, nose bleed, and gastrointestinal bleeding; menorrhagia; and intraretinal and intracranial bleeding.
4306:
Oehlers, Stefan H.; Tobin, David M.; Britton, Warwick J.; Shavit, Jordan A.; Nguyen, Tuong; Johansen, Matt D.; Johnson, Khelsey E.; Hortle, Elinor (2019).
2554:
1780:
Normal platelets can respond to an abnormality on the vessel wall rather than to hemorrhage, resulting in inappropriate platelet adhesion/activation and
1901:
6000:
Belamarich FA, Shepro D, Kien M (November 1968). "ADP is not involved in thrombin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes of a non-mammalian vertebrate".
4397:
Boilard E, Nigrovic PA, Larabee K, Watts GF, Coblyn JS, Weinblatt ME, Massarotti EM, Remold-O'Donnell E, Farndale RW, Ware J, Lee DM (January 2010).
1489:
7715:
2381:
2331:
6333:
3364:
Mason KD, Carpinelli MR, Fletcher JI, Collinge JE, Hilton AA, Ellis S, Kelly PN, Ekert PG, Metcalf D, Roberts AW, Huang DC, Kile BT (March 2007).
7472:
6988:
4206:
Diacovo TG, Puri KD, Warnock RA, Springer TA, von
Andrian UH (July 1996). "Platelet-mediated lymphocyte delivery to high endothelial venules".
1446:, platelets appear as dark purple spots, about 20% of the diameter of red blood cells. The smear reveals size, shape, qualitative number, and
3413:
Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S (1987). "Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor".
3464:
Jones CI, Barrett NE, Moraes LA, Gibbins JM, Jackson DE (2012). "Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms and the regulation of platelet function".
2307:
and
Transfusion Services (5.1.5.1) has allowed use of pathogen reduction technology as an alternative to bacterial screenings in platelets.
6392:
7710:
7380:
6906:
6519:
5953:"Occlusive thrombi arise in mammals but not birds in response to arterial injury: evolutionary insight into human cardiovascular disease"
527:
Reserve platelets are stored in the spleen and are released when needed by splenic contraction induced by the sympathetic nervous system.
4589:
van
Genderen PJ, Leenknegt H, Michiels JJ, Budde U (September 1996). "Acquired von Willebrand disease in myeloproliferative disorders".
1244:
Platelets modulate neutrophils by forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs). These formations induce upregulated production of αmβ2 (
7720:
7593:
1314:. Inflammatory damage to the surrounding extracellular matrix continuously reveals more collagen, maintaining microvesicle production.
3885:
Tyagi T, Ahmad S, Gupta N, Sahu A, Ahmad Y, Nair V, Chatterjee T, Bajaj N, Sengupta S, Ganju L, Singh SB, Ashraf MZ (February 2014).
3212:
Moskalensky AE, Yurkin MA, Konokhova AI, Strokotov DI, Nekrasov VM, Chernyshev AV, Tsvetovskaya GA, Chikova ED, Maltsev VP (2013).
6385:
3972:"Platelet vitronectin receptor expression differentiates Iraqi-Jewish from Arab patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Israel"
3697:"Mitochondria regulate platelet metamorphosis induced by opsonized zymosan A — activation and long-term commitment to cell death"
2004:
360:, regardless of its composition (white, red, or mixed). In other contexts it is used to contrast a normal from an abnormal clot:
368:
arises from a pathologic and excessive quantity of clot. In a third context it is used to contrast the result from the process:
7736:
1210:
2968:
Cecerska-Heryć E, Goszka M, Dołęgowska B (2022). "Applications of the regenerative capacity of platelets in modern medicine".
1225:
Platelets rapidly deploy to sites of injury or infection, and potentially modulate inflammatory processes by interacting with
7705:
5833:
5795:
5742:
5538:
5452:
4802:
4775:
4699:
4638:
4498:
McMorran BJ, Wieczorski L, Drysdale KE, Chan JA, Huang HM, Smith C, Mitiku C, Beeson JG, Burgio G, Foote SJ (December 2012).
4074:
3481:
2758:
2093:
1872:
1194:
1141:, thus reducing their contribution to inflammation. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) found in circulation are typical in
663:
4257:
Iannacone M, Sitia G, Isogawa M, Marchese P, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, Chisari FV, Ruggeri ZM, Guidotti LG (November 2005).
2898:
Gaertner F, Massberg S (December 2016). "Blood coagulation in immunothrombosis-At the frontline of intravascular immunity".
7731:
7249:
5168:"Cysteinyl leukotriene overproduction in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is driven by platelet-adherent leukocytes"
2092:
Some drugs used to treat inflammation have the unwanted side effect of suppressing normal platelet function. These are the
171:
17:
2841:
2389:
2299:
Platelets are either isolated from collected units of whole blood and pooled to make a therapeutic dose, or collected by
2272:
1994:
1857:
1198:
7465:
6981:
2451:
1248:) integrin in neutrophils. Interaction with PLAs also induces degranulation and increased phagocytosis in neutrophils.
2267:, in which the three major blood components (red blood cells, plasma, and platelets) are transfused to address severe
7748:
7375:
7297:
7292:
1350:, killing the bacteria directly. Platelets also secrete proinflammatory and procoagulant mediators such as inorganic
1065:
Platelet activation causes its membrane surface to become negatively charged. One of the signaling pathways turns on
7426:
4879:
3695:
Matarrese P, Straface E, Palumbo G, Anselmi M, Gambardella L, Ascione B, Del
Principe D, Malorni W (February 2009).
2470:
in morphology. They aggregate in response to thrombin, but not to ADP, serotonin, nor adrenaline, as platelets do.
2352:. The United States requires products to be tested for the presence of bacterial contamination before transfusion.
1949:
1876:
1658:
139:
1434:
On for example optical densitometry, a first and second wave of platelet aggregation is seen, in this case for an
659:
of the endothelial cells and secreted constitutively into the blood. Platelets store vWF in their alpha granules.
7254:
7090:
5404:"The risk of spinal haematoma following neuraxial anaesthesia or lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic individuals"
1477:
1471:
729:-activated calcium pump. Intracellular calcium concentration determines platelet activation status, as it is the
477:
synthesis. This dense tubular system is connected to the surface platelet membrane to aid thromboxane A2 release.
7080:
1753:, and is due to either decreased production or increased destruction. Elevated platelet concentration is called
7030:
5479:"Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia"
5166:
Laidlaw TM, Kidder MS, Bhattacharyya N, Xing W, Shen S, Milne GL, Castells MC, Chhay H, Boyce JA (April 2012).
2423:
2335:
contaminating red blood cells because the collection method is more efficient than "soft spin" centrifugation.
1238:
1202:
948:
4996:
Favaloro EJ, Pasalic L, Lippi G (April 2023). "Towards 50 years of platelet function analyser (PFA) testing".
3887:"Altered expression of platelet proteins and calpain activity mediate hypoxia-induced prothrombotic phenotype"
2314:
in what is referred to as a "soft spin". At these settings, the platelets remain suspended in the plasma. The
8018:
7533:
7458:
7330:
6974:
2501:
2283:(ITP), because the transfused platelets are immediately cleared; however, it is indicated to treat bleeding.
1959:
1933:
1867:
1623:
793:
188:
127:
4968:
4090:
1420:
1201:(DAMPs) by activating the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. Neutrophils facilitate the blood coagulation by
7783:
7637:
7282:
7135:
6789:
6597:
2486:. This microscope improved resolution sufficiently to make it possible to see platelets for the first time.
2443:
2264:
1964:
1920:
1598:
1386:
Excessive numbers of platelets, and/or normal platelets responding to abnormal vessel walls, can result in
1022:
774:
662:
When the endothelial layer is disrupted, collagen and VWF anchor platelets to the subendothelium. Platelet
4933:
McGlasson DL, Fritsma GA (March 2009). "Whole blood platelet aggregometry and platelet function testing".
3842:
Ahmad SS, Rawala-Sheikh R, Walsh PN (1992). "Components and assembly of the factor X activating complex".
8003:
7653:
5813:
3214:"Accurate measurement of volume and shape of resting and activated blood platelets from light scattering"
2489:
2057:
1766:
1303:
3599:"A critical role of thrombin/PAR-1 in ADP-induced platelet secretion and the second wave of aggregation"
2377:
usually associated with whole-blood platelets. Some sites may type platelets, but this is not critical.
1488:
1089:. Rat platelets do express tissue factor protein and carry both tissue factor pre-mRNA and mature mRNA.
1628:
1146:
835:
6266:
3269:
Moskalensky AE, Yurkin MA, Muliukov AR, Litvinenko AL, Nekrasov VM, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP (2018).
7863:
7858:
7823:
7803:
7758:
7700:
7370:
3087:
Jain NC (June 1975). "A scanning electron microscopic study of platelets of certain animal species".
2063:
31:
5080:
Pecci, A; Balduini, CL (July 2021). "Inherited thrombocytopenias: an updated guide for clinicians".
4459:"Platelets kill bacteria by bridging innate and adaptive immunity via platelet factor 4 and FcγRIIA"
2877:
1807:
The three broad categories of platelet disorders are "not enough", "dysfunctional", and "too many".
1302:(GPVI). Proinflammatory platelet microvesicles trigger constant cytokine secretion from neighboring
8023:
7680:
7670:
6851:
6188:"Über einen neuen Forrnbestandteil des Blutes und dessen Rolle bei der Thrombose und Blutgerinnung"
6120:
Beale LS (1864). "On the
Germinal Matter of the Blood, with Remarks upon the Formation of Fibrin".
2933:
Hampton T (April 2018). "Platelets' Role in
Adaptive Immunity May Contribute to Sepsis and Shock".
2439:
1504:
1008:λ granules (lambda granules) — contents involved in resorption during later stages of vessel repair
115:
7998:
7977:
7928:
7908:
7555:
6953:
6872:
6741:
4130:
Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA (September 2004). "Platelets: signaling cells in the immune continuum".
2482:
in 1841 drew pictures of platelets using the twin lens (compound) microscope invented in 1830 by
2447:
2280:
2176:
1819:(ITP) — formerly known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
1816:
1256:
1162:
237:
or lung, which then enter the circulation. Platelets are found only in mammals, whereas in other
1430:
7952:
7898:
7793:
7771:
7518:
7196:
7192:
3648:"Differential Sensitivity of Various Markers of Platelet Activation with Adenosine Diphosphate"
2574:
Laki K (December 1972). "Our ancient heritage in blood clotting and some of its consequences".
2279:. Platelet transfusion is generally ineffective, and thus contraindicated, for prophylaxis in
1938:
1896:
1734:
1105:
Platelet aggregation begins minutes after activation, and occurs as a result of turning on the
988:
932:
885:
164:
7160:
5443:
American Association of Blood Banks (2011). Roback J, Grossman B, Harris T, Hillyer C (eds.).
5123:
Kornerup KN, Page CP (August 2007). "The role of platelets in the pathophysiology of asthma".
4687:
8008:
7938:
7893:
7798:
7450:
7311:
7055:
7024:
7014:
4792:
4765:
4399:"Platelets amplify inflammation in arthritis via collagen-dependent microparticle production"
4308:"Thrombocyte inhibition restores protective immunity to mycobacterial infection in zebrafish"
4091:"Platelets and the innate immune system: mechanisms of bacterial-induced platelet activation"
2483:
1499:
1435:
1110:
984:
960:
928:
agents to attract more platelets to the site of endothelial injury. Granule characteristics:
738:
722:
715:
652:
470:
283:
206:
5330:
5313:
4500:"Platelet factor 4 and Duffy antigen required for platelet killing of Plasmodium falciparum"
2466:
Instead of platelets, non-mammalian vertebrates have nucleated thrombocytes, which resemble
1407:
Platelet concentration in the blood (i.e. platelet count), can be measured manually using a
8013:
7903:
7818:
7808:
7690:
7632:
7511:
7485:
6948:
6009:
5912:"Platelets in tissue repair: control of apoptosis and interactions with regenerative cells"
5858:
5580:
5563:
4511:
4410:
4215:
3422:
3282:
3225:
3168:
2682:
2583:
2455:
2435:
2315:
2252:
2243:
2233:
1974:
1827:
1705:
1416:
1411:, or by placing blood in an automated platelet analyzer using particle counting, such as a
1295:
1214:
889:
656:
7352:
2671:"The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors"
834:
production. Thrombin is a potent platelet activator, acting through Gq and G12. These are
8:
7888:
7878:
7528:
7362:
7339:
7320:
7302:
6997:
6736:
6711:
2355:
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1547:
1391:
1073:
from the inner to the outer platelet membrane surface. These phospholipids then bind the
1018:
785:
753:
575:
313:
299:
278:
6013:
4627:
Stiff, Patrick J. (1990). Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.).
4515:
4414:
4219:
3426:
3286:
3229:
3172:
2686:
2587:
389:
Structurally the platelet can be divided into four zones, from peripheral to innermost:
7918:
7005:
6882:
6363:
6207:
6168:
6133:
6102:
6090:
6033:
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5952:
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5672:
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5503:
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5192:
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5148:
5105:
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5032:
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4398:
4332:
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4239:
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3867:
3819:
3794:
3672:
3647:
3574:
3549:
3530:
3446:
3395:
3305:
3271:"Method for the simulation of blood platelet shape and its evolution during activation"
3270:
3251:
3189:
3156:
3029:
3004:
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2822:
2711:
2670:
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1447:
968:
839:
4457:
Palankar R, Kohler TP, Krauel K, Wesche J, Hammerschmidt S, Greinacher A (June 2018).
3180:
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7853:
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7481:
7390:
7347:
6746:
6248:
6243:
6226:
6094:
6025:
5982:
5933:
5892:
5839:
5829:
5775:
5766:
Schoenfeld H, Spies C, Jakob C (March 2006). "Volume-reduced platelet concentrates".
5748:
5738:
5707:
5703:
5664:
5660:
5620:
5616:
5585:
5544:
5534:
5508:
5494:
5458:
5448:
5425:
5420:
5403:
5376:
5335:
5295:
5246:
5217:"Deadly allies: the fatal interplay between platelets and metastasizing cancer cells"
5197:
5140:
5109:
5097:
5062:
5013:
4950:
4915:
4858:
4850:
4798:
4771:
4740:
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4695:
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4539:
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4337:
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3677:
3628:
3620:
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3522:
3487:
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2716:
2698:
2642:
2599:
2068:
1785:
1569:
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1355:
1323:
1181:
defense molecules. Blood clotting supports immune function by trapping the bacteria.
1169:, facilitates both the hemostatic function and the encapsulation and phagocytosis of
1060:
956:
940:
746:
644:
443:
6367:
6211:
6172:
5719:
5676:
5632:
5355:"Ibuprofen protects platelet cyclooxygenase from irreversible inhibition by aspirin"
4665:
4243:
3956:
3871:
3534:
3255:
2826:
2654:
2611:
1450:. A healthy adult typically has 10 to 20 times more red blood cells than platelets.
505:
490:
321:. Platelets participate in both innate and adaptive intravascular immune responses.
7675:
7622:
7588:
7562:
7403:
7398:
6823:
6726:
6541:
6358:
6353:
6345:
6314:
6238:
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6160:
6129:
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6086:
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6037:
6017:
5972:
5964:
5923:
5882:
5874:
5821:
5699:
5656:
5612:
5575:
5498:
5490:
5415:
5388:
5366:
5325:
5285:
5277:
5236:
5228:
5187:
5179:
5152:
5132:
5089:
5052:
5044:
5005:
4942:
4907:
4840:
4736:
4598:
4563:
4519:
4470:
4426:
4418:
4369:
4327:
4319:
4278:
4270:
4223:
4178:
4139:
4102:
4062:
4029:
3983:
3936:
3898:
3851:
3814:
3806:
3708:
3667:
3659:
3610:
3569:
3561:
3550:"Glycoprotein VI-dependent and -independent pathways of thrombus formation in vivo"
3514:
3469:
3450:
3430:
3399:
3377:
3338:
3300:
3290:
3233:
3184:
3176:
3127:
3061:
3024:
3016:
2977:
2942:
2907:
2852:
2804:
2706:
2690:
2634:
2591:
2507:
2300:
1774:
1750:
1342:
bacteria, platelets release reactive oxygen species (ROS), antimicrobial peptides,
1331:
1245:
1138:
877:
761:
742:
730:
451:
52:
5792:
2981:
521:
Each megakaryocyte produces between 1,000 and 3,000 platelets during its lifetime.
7962:
7776:
7543:
7538:
7070:
7049:
7035:
6772:
6561:
6493:
6377:
6282:
Osler W (1886). "On certain problems in the physiology of the blood corpuscles".
5968:
5928:
5911:
5799:
5232:
5183:
4227:
3903:
3886:
3810:
3473:
3295:
2479:
1888:
1412:
1165:(estimated to be over 400 million years old), the only blood cell type, the
1134:
741:
receptors on the surface of resting platelets. This event stimulates the coupled
666:
receptor binds with VWF; and GPVI receptor and integrin α2β1 bind with collagen.
120:
6318:
3132:
3115:
7848:
7743:
7658:
7618:
7583:
7408:
6838:
6818:
6767:
6611:
6556:
6536:
6531:
6453:
6417:
5825:
5093:
4767:
Point-of-Care Tests for Severe Hemorrhage: A Manual for Diagnosis and Treatment
4374:
4357:
3597:
Jiang, L.; Xu, C.; Yu, S.; Liu, P.; Luo, D.; Zhou, Q.; Gao, C.; Hu, H. (2013).
3565:
3382:
3365:
2911:
2380:
Prior to issuing platelets to the recipient, they may be irradiated to prevent
2101:
1979:
1862:
1754:
1351:
1338:, a receptor for IgG's constant fragment (Fc). When activated and bound to IgG
1078:
917:
865:
804:
Platelet activation begins seconds after adhesion occurs. It is triggered when
792:
pathway during a first wave of aggregation, leading to thrombin generation and
679:
515:
494:
474:
64:
6149:"Ein heizbarer Objecttisch und seine Verwendung bei Untersuchungen des Blutes"
5690:
Prowse CV (April 2013). "Component pathogen inactivation: a critical review".
5136:
4602:
3988:
3971:
3663:
3238:
3213:
2809:
2792:
256:
7992:
7833:
7626:
7493:
7221:
7145:
7100:
6918:
6828:
6473:
5843:
5752:
5462:
5314:"Summaries for patients. Platelet function after taking Ibuprofen for 1 week"
5281:
5048:
4919:
4854:
4709:
4358:"Migrating Platelets Are Mechano-scavengers that Collect and Bundle Bacteria"
4356:
Iannacone M, Haas R, Wanner G, Lauber K, Sixt M, Massberg S (November 2017).
4143:
3624:
3548:
Dubois C, Panicot-Dubois L, Merrill-Skoloff G, Furie B, Furie BC (May 2006).
3342:
2768:
2702:
2523:
1458:
1408:
1311:
1307:
1276:
1086:
980:
921:
819:
580:
466:
447:
423:
416:
329:
295:
230:
83:
6349:
6227:"Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet"
5814:"4. The Pathophysiologic Basis for Wound Healing and Cutaneous Regeneration"
5548:
4628:
4523:
4422:
4323:
3157:"Geometry of normal mammalian platelets by quantitative microscopic studies"
2946:
1271:, in neutrophils, activates macrophages and activates cytotoxic response in
531:
7882:
7523:
7418:
7264:
7229:
6943:
6877:
6846:
6706:
6571:
6463:
6426:
6409:
6252:
5986:
5937:
5779:
5711:
5668:
5624:
5512:
5429:
5371:
5354:
5339:
5299:
5250:
5201:
5144:
5101:
5066:
5017:
5009:
4954:
4946:
4911:
4862:
4845:
4828:
4648:
4531:
4484:
4440:
4383:
4341:
4292:
4192:
4151:
4116:
4043:
3948:
3912:
3855:
3828:
3736:
White JG (December 1987). "An overview of platelet structural physiology".
3722:
3681:
3632:
3583:
3526:
3491:
3391:
3350:
3314:
3247:
3073:
3038:
2989:
2954:
2919:
2818:
2720:
2646:
2495:
2467:
2416:
2405:
2276:
2251:, a level below 50×10/L is associated with abnormal surgical bleeding, and
2193:
2166:
1847:
1837:
1822:
1521:
1272:
1070:
1045:, an uncooked frying egg in a pan, the "yolk" is the central body; and the
869:
734:
708:
700:
634:
630:
548:
394:
250:
222:
214:
56:
6098:
6029:
5896:
5589:
5380:
4610:
4575:
4235:
3997:
3863:
3776:
3749:
3518:
3442:
3141:
3100:
3065:
2603:
733:
that drives platelet conformational change and degranulation. Endothelial
7838:
7665:
7501:
7272:
7207:
7178:
7125:
6620:
6503:
5878:
3198:
2454:. Local application of these factors in increased concentrations through
2260:
2212:
2208:
2171:
2154:
2139:
1525:
1443:
1178:
1054:
975:
952:
925:
827:
778:
626:
605:
439:
431:
412:
397:
required for platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation. For example,
273:
234:
3547:
2694:
2667:
1462:
moderate platelet disorders and is no longer recommended for screening.
674:
7766:
7578:
7188:
7150:
7110:
7105:
7095:
6731:
6721:
6701:
6693:
6655:
6638:
6628:
6566:
6458:
6203:
6164:
4829:"Bleeding disorders in the tribe: result of consanguineous in breeding"
4034:
4017:
2856:
2544:
in his 1906 publication, changing to platelets in his 1910 publication.
2540:
examined blood smears using the stain named for him, and used the term
2427:
2349:
2319:
2311:
2304:
2268:
2216:
2204:
2149:
2134:
1842:
1801:
1781:
1758:
1514:
1380:
1260:
1186:
1174:
1114:
1106:
1066:
964:
944:
936:
893:
873:
864:
Collagen-mediated GPVI signalling increases the platelet production of
848:
823:
726:
678:
Scanning electron micrograph of blood cells. From left to right: human
600:
435:
406:
269:
238:
78:
60:
6966:
4567:
4475:
4458:
3925:
3763:
Behnke O (1970). "The morphology of blood platelet membrane systems".
3615:
3598:
3020:
2638:
1335:
781:
and related antiplatelet medications also work as purinergic receptor
145:
7843:
7725:
7614:
7287:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7120:
7115:
6938:
6784:
6716:
6667:
6633:
6498:
6478:
6468:
6021:
3434:
3052:
Furie B, Furie BC (August 2008). "Mechanisms of thrombus formation".
2526:
observed platelets and, in published lectures in 1886, called them a
2360:
2291:
2198:
2188:
2144:
2105:
1709:
1372:
1347:
1343:
1291:
1234:
1226:
1166:
996:
908:
888:. Platelets secrete thromboxane A2, which acts on the platelet's own
683:
459:
332:
which can promote wound healing and regeneration of damaged tissues.
246:
226:
194:
177:
6302:
6187:
6148:
4724:
4630:
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
3646:
Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, Andrianova IA, Peshkova AD, Minh GL (2018).
2520:: little plates. Bizzozero possibly proposed the name Blutplattchen.
1290:
Platelets also participate in chronic inflammatory disease, such as
756:
on the platelet surface. Since the thrombocytic purinergic receptor
324:
In addition to facilitating the clotting process, platelets contain
7598:
7183:
7173:
7168:
6911:
6684:
6672:
6648:
6643:
6431:
5525:
5442:
4499:
4274:
3268:
3211:
2431:
2256:
1797:
1793:
1770:
1762:
1509:
1327:
1230:
1190:
1185:
infection. The thrombosis is directed in concordance of platelets,
1170:
1002:
971:
844:
831:
789:
714:(prostacyclin). Endothelial-ADPase degrades the platelet activator
648:
622:
427:
325:
218:
210:
4668:. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). 24 March 2022
4588:
1419:
include platelet count in their measurements, usually reported as
1061:
Platelet-coagulation factor interactions: coagulation facilitation
7957:
7923:
7435:
7277:
6813:
6660:
3468:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 788. pp. 341–366.
2512:
2412:
2248:
2129:
2097:
2015:
1852:
1730:
1675:
1376:
1339:
992:
704:
524:
An average of 10 platelets are produced daily in a healthy adult.
489:
In a first approximation, the shape can be considered similar to
455:
6077:
Robb-Smith AH (July 1967). "Why the platelets were discovered".
4552:
3645:
1149:, showing the connection between thrombocytes and immune cells.
317:
as fourth and fifth steps, while others would add a sixth step,
7868:
7202:
7059:
6901:
6777:
6441:
4259:"Platelets mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced liver damage"
3694:
3363:
2842:"Module 11: Cell Stress, Inflammatory Responses and Cell Death"
2327:
2010:
1999:
1908:
1738:
1268:
1264:
1259:(ROS) and upregulate expression of adhesion molecules, such as
1142:
1074:
303:
261:
7480:
5165:
4497:
3504:
2967:
609:
3D rendering of four inactivated and three activated platelets
473:
organized into a dense tubular system that is responsible for
290:. Third, they connect to each other through receptor bridges:
272:: the process of stopping bleeding at the site of interrupted
7947:
7933:
7913:
7250:
Protein Z-related protease inhibitor (ZPI) (inhibits FX, FXI)
7044:
7039:
6856:
4256:
2498:
in 1864 was the first to publish a drawing showing platelets.
2109:
1788:; extending an unstable or ruptured arterial plaque, causing
1252:
881:
813:
782:
770:
757:
202:
103:
46:
4018:"Platelets: bridging hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity"
3366:"Programmed anuclear cell death delimits platelet life span"
1097:
655:(VWF), which these cells produce. VWF is also stored in the
7942:
7813:
7788:
7064:
5645:
5526:
4794:
Perioperative Hemostasis: Coagulation for Anesthesiologists
4396:
4354:
3970:
Coller BS, Cheresh DA, Asch E, Seligsohn U (January 1991).
2160:
1299:
1283:
system (OCP), leading to a proposal to name the process as
1237:, and other inflammatory mediators. Platelets also secrete
912:
Diagram of the structure of a platelet showing the granules
872:. This occurs by altering the metabolic flux of platelet's
809:
766:
638:
402:
398:
282:. Second, they change shape, turn on receptors and secrete
242:
4456:
4205:
3969:
298:(primary hemostasis) is associated with activation of the
4826:
4305:
3463:
5564:"New trends in the preparation and storage of platelets"
4725:"The relation of blood platelets to hemorrhagic disease"
4057:
Levin J (2007), "The Evolution of Mammalian Platelets",
3327:
2534:; and described them as "a colorless protoplasmic disc".
2510:
in 1882 studied the blood of amphibians microscopically
2115:
1358:(PF4), connecting innate and adaptive immune responses.
6122:
Transactions of the Microscopical Society & Journal
5950:
5856:
5475:
5266:"Platelet power: sticky problems for sticky parasites?"
4898:
Cuker, Adam (2014). "Light Transmission Aggregometry".
3841:
796:
activation, which evokes a second wave of aggregation.
7255:
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) (inhibits FIII)
5793:
CBBS: Washed and volume-reduced Plateletpheresis units
2791:
Yip J, Shen Y, Berndt MC, Andrews RK (February 2005).
2100:
irreversibly disrupts platelet function by inhibiting
1796:
may partially obstruct blood flow, causing downstream
514:
Megakaryocyte and platelet production is regulated by
6425:
2028:
1715:
769:
couples to Gq that activates phospholipase C-beta 2 (
5999:
5802:. Cbbsweb.org (2001-10-25). Retrieved on 2011-11-14.
5765:
5602:
5352:
4995:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
3412:
2851:. Vol. 6. Portland Press. pp. 11-1–11-30.
2790:
2263:. Finally, platelets may be transfused as part of a
2120:
These drugs are used to prevent thrombus formation.
1800:, or may completely obstruct it, causing downstream
509:
Platelets derive from multipotent marrow stem cells.
268:
One major function of platelets is to contribute to
63:
showing platelets (small purple dots) surrounded by
5401:
3884:
3792:
2624:
2555:
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
573:It has been suggested that this article should be
7321:Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)
6407:
5811:
5735:Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services
5531:Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services
4790:
4171:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
1902:Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
1699:
1465:
1361:
808:from the subendothelium binds with its receptors (
7381:Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC–PCI)
5812:Nguyen, D.T.; Orgill, D.P.; Murphy, G.F. (2009).
5447:(17th ed.). Bethesda MD: AABB. p. 580.
4811:
4088:
4015:
3005:"Platelet-rich plasma and regenerative dentistry"
2869:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1049:, a cooked fried egg with a denser central body.
7990:
7716:Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
5402:van Veen JJ, Nokes TJ, Makris M (January 2010).
4932:
4129:
2897:
2492:in 1842 drew pictures of a platelet-fibrin clot.
2382:transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
1765:), or due to unregulated production: one of the
1109:receptor, allowing these receptors to bind with
419:, allowing platelets to maintain a discoid shape
93:Formation of blood clots; prevention of bleeding
7230:Antithrombin (inhibits FII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII)
5353:Rao GH, Johnson GG, Reddy KR, White JG (1983).
3793:Bouchard BA, Mann KG, Butenas S (August 2010).
1792:; and microcirculatory thrombosis. An arterial
1322:Activated platelets are able to participate in
1298:. Platelets are activated by collagen receptor
5214:
5030:
4763:
4022:International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2458:(PRP) is used as an adjunct in wound healing.
1773:. A disorder of platelet function is called a
1394:. The symptoms depend on the thrombosis site.
518:, a hormone produced in the kidneys and liver.
7466:
6982:
6393:
6185:
5079:
4791:Marcucci, Carlo; Schoettker, Patrick (2014).
3788:
3786:
2271:. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in
5759:
5639:
5596:
5395:
5159:
5122:
5116:
4686:Lind, Stuart E.; Kurkjian, Carla D. (2011).
4685:
4250:
4164:
4158:
3795:"No evidence for tissue factor on platelets"
3596:
2996:
2384:or they may be washed to remove the plasma.
2060:— platelets are both elevated and activated
1909:Altered platelet function (thrombocytopathy)
1251:Platelets are the largest source of soluble
1025:. The three steps along this path are named
854:
826:in the blood, which initiates the extrinsic
422:Organelle zone — rich in platelet granules.
7711:Transfusion associated circulatory overload
6303:"The Origin and Nature of the Blood Plates"
5850:
5555:
5346:
4199:
4089:Cox D, Kerrigan SW, Watson SP (June 2011).
3590:
2961:
2775:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
896:receptors to their active form to initiate
7721:Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
7594:International Society of Blood Transfusion
7473:
7459:
6989:
6975:
6400:
6386:
6146:
6076:
5909:
4167:"Platelets in inflammation and thrombosis"
4016:Jenne CN, Urrutia R, Kubes P (June 2013).
3783:
3457:
3051:
2576:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
2087:
1704:In light transmission aggregometry (LTA),
1397:
1041:, an octopus with multiple arms and legs;
876:synthesis pathway, which involves enzymes
721:Resting platelets maintain active calcium
462:, which are platelet-activating mediators.
45:
7298:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2)
7293:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
6357:
6242:
6179:
5976:
5927:
5886:
5579:
5502:
5419:
5370:
5329:
5289:
5240:
5191:
5056:
5033:"Genetics of inherited thrombocytopenias"
4891:
4874:
4872:
4844:
4474:
4430:
4373:
4331:
4282:
4182:
4106:
4033:
3987:
3902:
3818:
3712:
3671:
3614:
3573:
3381:
3304:
3294:
3237:
3188:
3154:
3131:
3028:
2808:
2748:
2710:
1001:γ granules (gamma granules) — similar to
465:Membranous zone — membranes derived from
217:injury by clumping, thereby initiating a
205:component whose function (along with the
6271:. Munn & Company. 1882. p. 105.
6140:
4679:
4660:
4658:
4622:
4620:
3541:
3002:
2839:
2727:
2354:
2290:
2161:Drugs that stimulate platelet production
1875:(five known drugs — most problematic is
1662:
1429:
1096:
907:
859:
673:
604:
530:
504:
255:
27:Component of blood aiding in coagulation
6996:
6907:Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
6307:The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
5863:"Platelet phagocytosis and aggregation"
5331:10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00004
5031:Warren, JT; Di Paola, J (2 June 2022).
4764:Ranucci, Marco; Simioni, Paolo (2016).
4694:(2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 485.
2932:
2840:Berridge, Michael J. (1 October 2014).
2075:Associated with other myeloid neoplasms
2005:Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
1708:is placed between a light source and a
1594:Von Willebrand disease (except Type 2B)
868:(TXA2) and decreases the production of
14:
7991:
7091:High-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK)
6331:
6300:
6224:
6218:
6059:
5689:
5581:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32192116428.x
5561:
5263:
4869:
4666:"Platelet Disorders: Thrombocytopenia"
4633:(3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths.
4165:Wagner DD, Burger PC (December 2003).
3762:
3113:
2516:. He named Schultze's spherules (It.)
1930:Disorders of granule amount or release
1484:
1211:disseminated intravascular coagulation
1195:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
1005:and contain several hydrolytic enzymes
799:
788:. Data suggest that ADP activates the
535:Platelets extruded from megakaryocytes
442:, platelet-derived growth factor, and
356:is used interchangeably with the word
7706:Transfusion related acute lung injury
7454:
6970:
6381:
6334:"The histogenesis of blood platelets"
6281:
6119:
4897:
4655:
4626:
4617:
4463:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
4452:
4450:
4095:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
4056:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3844:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
3735:
3603:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
3507:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
3089:Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica
2793:"Primary platelet adhesion receptors"
2434:, which stimulates the deposition of
2182:
2116:Drugs that suppress platelet function
2094:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
1873:Drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura
1749:Low platelet concentration is called
1330:. They are able to specifically bind
1177:of intracellular granules containing
5737:(26th ed.). Bethesda MD: AABB.
5732:
5533:(22nd ed.). Bethesda MD: AABB.
5215:Erpenbeck L, Schön MP (April 2010).
4722:
3086:
2970:Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2573:
1317:
1199:damage-associated molecular patterns
1012:
981:δ granules (delta or dense granules)
903:
559:
364:arises from physiologic hemostasis,
249:), thrombocytes circulate as intact
7376:Thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT)
5818:Biomaterials For Treating Skin Loss
5527:American Association of Blood Banks
4880:"Why Perform Platelet Aggregation?"
3054:The New England Journal of Medicine
2415:, and the platelets are cleared by
2390:platelet transfusion refractoriness
2273:thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
1995:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
1858:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
1810:
1155:
426:contain clotting mediators such as
24:
7283:Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
7240:Protein S (cofactor for protein C)
6134:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1864.tb01625.x
6091:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1967.tb00769.x
4978:. Virginia Commonwealth University
4447:
4312:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
4184:10.1161/01.ATV.0000095974.95122.EC
4004:
2596:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb16342.x
2452:vascular endothelial growth factor
2332:riboflavin and UV light treatments
2029:Thrombocytosis and thrombocythemia
1716:Whole blood impedance aggregometry
1371:purplish stain named by its size:
1128:
838:and they turn on calcium-mediated
25:
8035:
7749:Transfusion transmitted infection
5910:Gawaz M, Vogel S (October 2013).
4833:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
2884:
2020:Decreased cyclooxygenase activity
1946:Decreased cyclooxygenase activity
1777:or a platelet function disorder.
1487:by disorders and agonists
1133:Platelets have a central role in
1069:, which moves negatively charged
699:platelet activation by producing
6244:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06036.x
5704:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01662.x
5661:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04350.x
5617:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03355.x
5495:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000812
5421:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07899.x
4741:10.1001/jama.1910.04330140029009
4108:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04264.x
4067:10.1016/B978-012369367-9/50763-1
3941:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05897.x
3714:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06829.x
2876:
1971:Disorders of coagulant activity
1950:Platelet storage pool deficiency
1877:heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
1453:
1415:or optical methods. Most common
1101:Platelet clumps in a blood smear
564:
140:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
67:(large gray circular structures)
7371:Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2)
7031:Platelet membrane glycoproteins
6325:
6294:
6275:
6259:
6113:
6070:
6053:
6044:
5993:
5944:
5903:
5857:Movat HZ, Weiser WJ, Glynn MF,
5805:
5786:
5726:
5683:
5519:
5469:
5436:
5306:
5257:
5208:
5073:
5024:
4989:
4961:
4926:
4784:
4757:
4747:
4716:
4690:. In Michelson, Alan D. (ed.).
4582:
4546:
4491:
4390:
4348:
4299:
4123:
4082:
4050:
3963:
3919:
3878:
3835:
3756:
3729:
3688:
3639:
3498:
3406:
3357:
3321:
3262:
3205:
3148:
3107:
3080:
3045:
2399:
2082:
2046:Hyposplenism (post-splenectomy)
1700:Light transmission aggregometry
1482:
1478:multiple electrode aggregometry
1472:Multiple electrode aggregometry
1466:Multiple electrode aggregometry
1362:Signs and symptoms of disorders
1220:
1161:evolution. For example, in the
1017:As shown by flow cytometry and
752:ADP on the other hand binds to
547:Old platelets are destroyed by
7235:Protein C (inhibits FV, FVIII)
6231:British Journal of Haematology
6192:Arch Pathol Anat Phys Klin Med
6079:British Journal of Haematology
5408:British Journal of Haematology
3929:British Journal of Haematology
2926:
2833:
2661:
2627:British Journal of Haematology
2618:
2567:
2461:
2424:platelet-derived growth factor
2238:
2227:
2123:
1885:Neonatal alloimmune associated
1402:
1239:platelet-derived growth factor
1092:
949:platelet-derived growth factor
695:The intact endothelial lining
500:
13:
1:
6066:. London: Macmillan & Co.
5820:. CRC Press. pp. 25–57.
4969:"Platelet Function Assay FAQ"
3181:10.1016/s0006-3495(76)85756-6
2982:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.003
2560:
2359:Platelets collected by using
2286:
1485:Platelet aggregation function
945:transforming growth factor-β1
690:
669:
647:attach to the subendothelial
555:
379:
7638:Intraoperative blood salvage
6598:Extramedullary hematopoiesis
6060:Godlee, Sir Rickman (1917).
5969:10.1182/blood-2011-02-338244
5929:10.1182/blood-2013-05-468694
5233:10.1182/blood-2009-10-247296
5184:10.1182/blood-2011-10-384826
4797:. Springer. pp. 54–56.
4770:. Springer. pp. 40–42.
4228:10.1126/science.273.5272.252
3904:10.1182/blood-2013-05-501924
3811:10.1182/blood-2010-05-285627
3474:10.1007/978-1-61779-307-3_23
3466:Platelets and Megakaryocytes
3296:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005899
3218:Journal of Biomedical Optics
3114:Paulus JM (September 1975).
2444:insulin-like growth factor 1
2265:massive transfusion protocol
2222:
2058:Myeloproliferative neoplasms
1767:myeloproliferative neoplasms
1744:
1304:fibroblast-like synoviocytes
1255:which induces production of
1023:scanning electron microscopy
816:) and more calcium release.
775:inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
384:
7:
7654:Blood compatibility testing
7111:Factor XII (Hageman factor)
7025:von Willebrand factor (vWF)
6319:10.1056/NEJM190606071542301
5867:The Journal of Cell Biology
5318:Annals of Internal Medicine
4061:, Elsevier, pp. 3–22,
3133:10.1182/blood.V46.3.321.321
3003:Xu J, Gou L, Qiu S (2020).
2749:Michelson, Alan D. (2013).
2548:
2371:
933:α granules (alpha granules)
836:G protein-coupled receptors
617:
352:In some contexts, the word
10:
8040:
7431:-antiplasmin complex (PAP)
7146:Factor III (tissue factor)
5826:10.1533/9781845695545.1.25
5768:Current Hematology Reports
5562:Högman CF (January 1992).
5094:10.1016/j.blre.2020.100784
4375:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.001
3566:10.1182/blood-2005-09-3687
3383:10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.037
3275:PLOS Computational Biology
2912:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.010
2753:(3rd ed.). Academic.
2473:
2403:
2338:
2231:
1960:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
1724:
1624:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
1469:
1147:inflammatory bowel disease
598:
393:Peripheral zone — rich in
187:
170:
29:
7757:
7701:Transfusion hemosiderosis
7689:
7646:
7607:
7571:
7492:
7417:
7389:
7361:
7338:
7329:
7263:
7220:
7159:
7134:
7079:
7013:
7004:
6931:
6891:
6865:
6837:
6804:
6764:Antigen-presenting cells
6757:
6692:
6683:
6619:
6610:
6590:
6552:
6527:
6518:
6489:
6449:
6440:
6416:
5137:10.1080/09537100701230436
4603:10.3109/10428199609074364
3989:10.1182/blood.V77.1.75.75
3664:10.1007/s12668-018-0586-4
3239:10.1117/1.JBO.18.1.017001
3009:Australian Dental Journal
2810:10.1080/15216540500078962
2064:Essential thrombocythemia
1956:Disorders of aggregation
1934:Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
1868:Hemolytic–uremic syndrome
1834:Familial thrombocytopenia
1769:or certain other myeloid
1680:
1678:or aspirin-like disorder
855:Components (consequences)
579:into multiple articles. (
184: 'clot' and
138:
126:
114:
102:
97:
89:
77:
72:
44:
39:
32:Platelet (disambiguation)
7681:Monocyte monolayer assay
7353:β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG)
6852:Nucleated red blood cell
6408:Myeloid blood cells and
5282:10.1016/j.pt.2009.04.002
5049:10.1182/blood.2020009300
4144:10.1016/j.it.2004.07.003
3343:10.1182/blood.V95.8.2514
2440:fibroblast growth factor
1965:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
1927:Disorders of activation
1921:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
1599:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
1438:-initiated aggregation.
551:in the spleen and liver.
481:
225:; they are fragments of
7556:Granulocyte transfusion
7348:Platelet factor 4 (PF4)
7245:Protein Z (inhibits FX)
7179:Prothrombin (factor II)
6954:Hematopoietic stem cell
6873:Leukocyte extravasation
6742:Foreign-body giant cell
6359:2027/hvd.32044107223588
6350:10.1002/jmor.1050210204
5324:(7): I–54. April 2005.
5264:Pleass RJ (July 2009).
4976:Department of Pathology
4591:Leukemia & Lymphoma
4524:10.1126/science.1228892
4423:10.1126/science.1181928
2947:10.1001/jama.2017.12859
2849:Cell Signalling Biology
2448:epidermal growth factor
2281:immune thrombocytopenia
2275:(TTP), as it fuels the
2177:Thrombopoietin mimetics
2088:Anti-inflammatory drugs
1817:Immune thrombocytopenia
1659:Storage pool deficiency
1398:Measurement and Testing
1257:reactive oxygen species
1163:Atlantic horseshoe crab
920:, lambda granules, and
625:formation on an intact
411:Sol-gel zone — rich in
335:
7404:Fibrinopeptide B (FpB)
7399:Fibrinopeptide A (FpA)
7071:Glycoprotein VI (GPVI)
7036:Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)
6225:Brewer DB (May 2006).
6186:Bizzozero, J. (1882).
5372:10.1161/01.ATV.3.4.383
5270:Trends in Parasitology
5010:10.1515/cclm-2022-0666
4947:10.1055/s-0029-1220325
4912:10.1182/hem.V11.2.2555
4846:10.1186/1750-1172-5-23
3856:10.1055/s-2007-1002570
3116:"Platelet size in man"
2900:Seminars in Immunology
2859:(inactive 2024-09-18).
2368:
2296:
1991:Disorders of adhesion
1939:Gray platelet syndrome
1917:Disorders of adhesion
1897:Pseudothrombocytopenia
1893:Transfusion-associated
1735:von Willebrand disease
1439:
1102:
913:
886:thromboxane-A synthase
687:
682:, activated platelet,
610:
536:
510:
265:
7691:Transfusion reactions
7222:Anticoagulant factors
7189:Fibrinogen (factor I)
7184:Thrombin (factor IIa)
7056:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
7050:Glycoprotein IX (GP9)
7017:(platelet activation)
6338:Journal of Morphology
4324:10.1093/infdis/jiz110
3519:10.1055/s-2005-869528
3155:Frojmovic MM (1976).
3066:10.1056/NEJMra0801082
2484:Joseph Jackson Lister
2358:
2294:
2007:(AERD/Samter's triad)
1433:
1417:blood testing methods
1100:
911:
890:thromboxane receptors
860:GPIIb/IIIa activation
677:
653:von Willebrand factor
608:
534:
508:
471:endoplasmic reticulum
446:. Delta granules, or
259:
8019:Transfusion medicine
7671:Kleihauer–Betke test
7633:Exchange transfusion
7512:Platelet transfusion
7486:transfusion medicine
7409:Fibrin monomers (FM)
7265:Fibrinolytic factors
7083:(contact activation)
6949:Hematopoietic system
6737:Langhans giant cells
5879:10.1083/jcb.27.3.531
4132:Trends in Immunology
3765:Series Haematologica
2456:platelet-rich plasma
2436:extracellular matrix
2316:platelet-rich plasma
2295:Platelet concentrate
2253:regional anaesthetic
2244:Platelet transfusion
2234:Platelet transfusion
2040:Chronic inflammation
1975:COAT platelet defect
1882:Pregnancy-associated
1706:platelet-rich plasma
1296:rheumatoid arthritis
1215:deep vein thrombosis
830:cascade to increase
754:purinergic receptors
745:protein to increase
657:Weibel-Palade bodies
294:. Formation of this
221:. Platelets have no
201: 'cell') are a
30:For other uses, see
18:Platelet aggregation
7759:Blood group systems
7694:and adverse effects
7529:Fresh frozen plasma
7363:Thrombin generation
7340:Platelet activation
7331:Coagulation markers
7006:Coagulation factors
6998:Coagulation cascade
6712:Alveolar macrophage
6268:Scientific American
6147:Schultze M (1865).
6014:1968Natur.220..509B
5529:(2003). "5.1.5.1".
4935:Semin Thromb Hemost
4688:"The bleeding time"
4516:2012Sci...338.1348M
4415:2010Sci...327..580B
4220:1996Sci...273..252D
3427:1987Natur.327..524P
3287:2018PLSCB..14E5899M
3230:2013JBO....18a7001M
3173:1976BpJ....16.1071F
3161:Biophysical Journal
2695:10.1038/nature21706
2687:2017Natur.544..105L
2588:1972NYASA.202..297L
2446:, platelet-derived
2255:procedures such as
1943:ADP receptor defect
1790:arterial thrombosis
1615:Decreased or absent
1582:Decreased or absent
1548:Adrenergic receptor
1493:
1392:arterial thrombosis
1326:, interacting with
1306:, most prominently
1019:electron microscopy
969:coagulation factors
800:Trigger (induction)
314:platelet inhibition
300:coagulation cascade
284:chemical messengers
207:coagulation factors
8004:Coagulation system
7203:Fibrin (factor Ia)
7015:Primary hemostasis
6883:Intrinsic immunity
6747:Touton giant cells
6332:Wright JH (1910).
6301:Wright JH (1906).
6204:10.1007/BF01931360
6165:10.1007/BF02961404
5798:2014-04-14 at the
4884:Helena Biosciences
4597:(Suppl 1): 79–82.
4556:Acta Haematologica
4035:10.1111/ijlh.12084
2857:10.1042/csb0001011
2422:Platelets release
2369:
2365:American Red Cross
2301:platelet apheresis
2297:
2183:Intravenous agents
1682:Absent second wave
1664:Absent second wave
1524:defect (including
1483:
1440:
1103:
916:Platelets contain
914:
840:signaling pathways
688:
611:
537:
511:
444:chemotactic agents
266:
7986:
7985:
7563:Blood substitutes
7551:White blood cells
7482:Blood transfusion
7448:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7391:Fibrin generation
7216:
7215:
7136:Extrinsic pathway
7081:Intrinsic pathway
6964:
6963:
6927:
6926:
6800:
6799:
6727:Epithelioid cells
6606:
6605:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6514:
6513:
6153:Arch Mikrosk Anat
6008:(5166): 509–510.
5861:(December 1965).
5835:978-1-4200-9989-8
5744:978-1-56395-289-0
5540:978-1-56395-173-2
5489:(22): 3780–3817.
5454:978-1-56395-315-6
4998:Clin Chem Lab Med
4804:978-3-642-55004-1
4777:978-3-319-24795-3
4701:978-0-08-046586-9
4640:978-0-409-90077-4
4568:10.1159/000204725
4510:(6112): 1348–51.
4476:10.1111/jth.13955
4076:978-0-12-369367-9
3616:10.1111/jth.12168
3483:978-1-61779-306-6
3021:10.1111/adj.12754
2760:978-0-12-387837-3
2639:10.1111/bjh.12758
2426:(PDGF), a potent
2069:Polycythemia vera
2037:Chronic infection
1828:Gaucher's disease
1786:venous thrombosis
1695:
1694:
1570:Collagen receptor
1388:venous thrombosis
1356:platelet factor 4
1346:, kinocidins and
1324:adaptive immunity
1318:Adaptive immunity
1013:Morphology change
957:B-thromboglobulin
941:platelet factor 4
904:Granule secretion
882:cyclo-oxygenase 1
747:adenylate cyclase
645:Endothelial cells
597:
596:
302:, with resultant
251:mononuclear cells
229:derived from the
209:) is to react to
154:
153:
149:
16:(Redirected from
8031:
7676:Antibody elution
7623:plateletpheresis
7589:Blood management
7572:General concepts
7475:
7468:
7461:
7452:
7451:
7336:
7335:
7011:
7010:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6968:
6967:
6898:Precursor cells
6824:Promegakaryocyte
6690:
6689:
6617:
6616:
6542:Promegakaryocyte
6525:
6524:
6447:
6446:
6438:
6437:
6423:
6422:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6379:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6361:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6284:The Medical News
6279:
6273:
6272:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6022:10.1038/220509a0
5997:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5948:
5942:
5941:
5931:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5890:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5809:
5803:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5583:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5506:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5445:Technical Manual
5440:
5434:
5433:
5423:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5374:
5359:Arteriosclerosis
5350:
5344:
5343:
5333:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5060:
5028:
5022:
5021:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4973:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4900:The Hematologist
4895:
4889:
4887:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4848:
4824:
4809:
4808:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4723:Duke WW (1910).
4720:
4714:
4713:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4377:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4335:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4286:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4186:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4101:(6): 1097–1107.
4086:
4080:
4079:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4013:
4002:
4001:
3991:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3822:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3744:(4): 1677–1700.
3738:Scanning Microsc
3733:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3701:The FEBS Journal
3692:
3686:
3685:
3675:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3618:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3435:10.1038/327524a0
3410:
3404:
3403:
3385:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3241:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3192:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2895:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2846:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2812:
2788:
2773:
2772:
2746:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2571:
2508:Giulio Bizzozero
2052:Acute blood loss
1811:Thrombocytopenia
1775:thrombocytopathy
1757:, and is either
1751:thrombocytopenia
1494:
1492:
1367:sequestration.)
1156:Immunothrombosis
1139:thrombocytopenia
878:phospholipase A2
773:), resulting in
731:second messenger
629:is prevented by
592:
589:
568:
567:
560:
491:oblate spheroids
376:is the process.
346:thrombocytopenia
198:
191:
181:
174:
146:edit on Wikidata
143:
53:light microscope
49:
37:
36:
21:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8024:1842 in science
7989:
7988:
7987:
7982:
7777:Secretor status
7753:
7693:
7685:
7642:
7603:
7567:
7544:Cryosupernatant
7539:Cryoprecipitate
7519:Red blood cells
7488:
7479:
7449:
7440:
7430:
7413:
7385:
7357:
7325:
7315:
7306:
7259:
7212:
7155:
7138:(tissue factor)
7137:
7130:
7082:
7075:
7016:
7000:
6995:
6965:
6960:
6923:
6887:
6866:Immune response
6861:
6839:Red blood cells
6833:
6796:
6773:Langerhans cell
6768:Dendritic cells
6753:
6679:
6602:
6578:
6562:Proerythroblast
6548:
6510:
6494:Monocytopoiesis
6485:
6429:
6412:
6406:
6376:
6375:
6330:
6326:
6299:
6295:
6280:
6276:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6223:
6219:
6184:
6180:
6145:
6141:
6118:
6114:
6075:
6071:
6058:
6054:
6049:
6045:
5998:
5994:
5949:
5945:
5908:
5904:
5855:
5851:
5836:
5810:
5806:
5800:Wayback Machine
5791:
5787:
5764:
5760:
5745:
5731:
5727:
5688:
5684:
5644:
5640:
5601:
5597:
5560:
5556:
5541:
5524:
5520:
5474:
5470:
5455:
5441:
5437:
5400:
5396:
5351:
5347:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5262:
5258:
5227:(17): 3427–36.
5213:
5209:
5164:
5160:
5121:
5117:
5078:
5074:
5043:(22): 3264–77.
5029:
5025:
4994:
4990:
4981:
4979:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4931:
4927:
4896:
4892:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4825:
4812:
4805:
4789:
4785:
4778:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4748:
4735:(14): 1185–92.
4721:
4717:
4702:
4684:
4680:
4671:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4641:
4625:
4618:
4587:
4583:
4551:
4547:
4496:
4492:
4455:
4448:
4409:(5965): 580–3.
4395:
4391:
4353:
4349:
4304:
4300:
4263:Nature Medicine
4255:
4251:
4214:(5272): 252–5.
4204:
4200:
4163:
4159:
4128:
4124:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4055:
4051:
4014:
4005:
3968:
3964:
3924:
3920:
3883:
3879:
3840:
3836:
3791:
3784:
3761:
3757:
3734:
3730:
3693:
3689:
3644:
3640:
3595:
3591:
3546:
3542:
3503:
3499:
3484:
3462:
3458:
3421:(6122): 524–6.
3411:
3407:
3362:
3358:
3326:
3322:
3281:(3): e1005899.
3267:
3263:
3210:
3206:
3153:
3149:
3112:
3108:
3085:
3081:
3050:
3046:
3001:
2997:
2966:
2962:
2931:
2927:
2896:
2885:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2789:
2776:
2761:
2747:
2728:
2681:(7648): 105–9.
2666:
2662:
2623:
2619:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2551:
2528:third corpuscle
2490:William Addison
2480:George Gulliver
2476:
2464:
2408:
2402:
2374:
2367:donation center
2341:
2289:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2185:
2163:
2126:
2118:
2090:
2085:
2049:Iron deficiency
2031:
1911:
1889:Aplastic anemia
1813:
1761:, reactive (to
1747:
1727:
1718:
1702:
1629:Afibrinogenemia
1474:
1468:
1456:
1413:Coulter counter
1405:
1400:
1364:
1320:
1300:glycoprotein IV
1223:
1158:
1135:innate immunity
1131:
1129:Immune function
1095:
1063:
1039:early dendritic
1027:early dendritic
1015:
906:
862:
857:
802:
712:
693:
672:
620:
603:
593:
587:
584:
569:
565:
558:
543:
503:
484:
387:
382:
372:is the result,
338:
150:
68:
65:red blood cells
55:(500 ×) from a
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8037:
8027:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7999:Blood products
7984:
7983:
7981:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7769:
7763:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7744:Serum sickness
7741:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7697:
7695:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7659:Cross-matching
7650:
7648:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7619:plasmapheresis
7611:
7609:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7584:Blood donation
7581:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7548:
7547:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7521:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7504:
7498:
7496:
7494:Blood products
7490:
7489:
7478:
7477:
7470:
7463:
7455:
7446:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7367:
7365:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7333:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7316:-Macroglobulin
7313:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7269:
7267:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7224:
7218:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7165:
7163:
7161:Common pathway
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7148:
7142:
7140:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7087:
7085:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7053:
7047:
7042:
7027:
7021:
7019:
7008:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6971:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6843:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6819:Megakaryoblast
6816:
6810:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6614:
6612:Myeloid tissue
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6557:Erythropoiesis
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6537:Megakaryoblast
6532:Thrombopoiesis
6528:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6454:Granulopoiesis
6450:
6444:
6435:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6405:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6382:
6374:
6373:
6344:(2): 263–278.
6324:
6293:
6274:
6258:
6217:
6198:(2): 261–332.
6178:
6139:
6112:
6085:(4): 618–637.
6069:
6052:
6043:
5992:
5963:(13): 3661–9.
5943:
5922:(15): 2550–4.
5902:
5873:(3): 531–543.
5849:
5834:
5804:
5785:
5758:
5743:
5725:
5698:(3): 183–199.
5682:
5638:
5611:(6): 877–885.
5595:
5554:
5539:
5518:
5468:
5453:
5435:
5394:
5345:
5305:
5256:
5207:
5178:(16): 3790–8.
5158:
5131:(5): 319–328.
5115:
5072:
5023:
5004:(5): 851–860.
4988:
4960:
4941:(2): 168–180.
4925:
4890:
4868:
4810:
4803:
4783:
4776:
4756:
4746:
4715:
4700:
4678:
4654:
4639:
4616:
4581:
4562:(1–2): 83–87.
4545:
4490:
4469:(6): 1187–97.
4446:
4389:
4368:(6): 1368–82.
4347:
4318:(3): 524–534.
4298:
4275:10.1038/nm1317
4269:(11): 1167–9.
4249:
4198:
4177:(12): 2131–7.
4157:
4138:(9): 489–495.
4122:
4081:
4075:
4049:
4028:(3): 254–261.
4003:
3962:
3935:(4): 494–502.
3918:
3897:(8): 1250–60.
3877:
3850:(3): 311–323.
3834:
3782:
3755:
3728:
3707:(3): 845–856.
3687:
3652:BioNanoScience
3638:
3609:(5): 930–940.
3589:
3560:(10): 3902–6.
3540:
3513:(2): 234–246.
3497:
3482:
3456:
3405:
3376:(6): 1173–86.
3356:
3337:(8): 2514–22.
3320:
3261:
3204:
3167:(9): 1071–89.
3147:
3126:(3): 321–336.
3106:
3079:
3060:(9): 938–949.
3044:
3015:(2): 131–142.
2995:
2960:
2941:(13): 1311–2.
2925:
2883:
2832:
2774:
2759:
2726:
2660:
2633:(2): 227–236.
2617:
2582:(1): 297–307.
2565:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2521:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2475:
2472:
2463:
2460:
2404:Main article:
2401:
2398:
2373:
2370:
2340:
2337:
2288:
2285:
2240:
2237:
2232:Main article:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2102:cyclooxygenase
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1997:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1980:Scott syndrome
1977:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1863:HELLP syndrome
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1755:thrombocytosis
1746:
1743:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1470:Main article:
1467:
1464:
1455:
1452:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1363:
1360:
1352:polyphosphates
1319:
1316:
1229:and secreting
1222:
1219:
1157:
1154:
1130:
1127:
1094:
1091:
1079:prothrombinase
1062:
1059:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
999:
978:
922:alpha granules
918:dense granules
905:
902:
866:thromboxane A2
861:
858:
856:
853:
822:also binds to
801:
798:
760:is coupled to
710:
703:, endothelial-
692:
689:
671:
668:
619:
616:
599:Main article:
595:
594:
572:
570:
563:
557:
554:
553:
552:
545:
541:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:thrombopoietin
502:
499:
495:flow cytometry
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:thromboxane A2
463:
424:Alpha granules
420:
417:microfilaments
409:
386:
383:
381:
378:
337:
334:
330:growth factors
231:megakaryocytes
152:
151:
142:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
106:
100:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
84:Megakaryocytes
81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
57:Giemsa-stained
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8036:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7794:Chido-Rodgers
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7756:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7627:leukapheresis
7624:
7620:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7476:
7471:
7469:
7464:
7462:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7310:
7308:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7262:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7158:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7133:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7101:Prekallikrein
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6992:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6919:Myelomonocyte
6917:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6830:
6829:Megakaryocyte
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6707:Kupffer cells
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6589:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6474:Metamyelocyte
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6418:Hematopoiesis
6415:
6411:
6403:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6369:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6328:
6320:
6316:
6313:(23): 643–5.
6312:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6289:
6285:
6278:
6270:
6269:
6262:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6221:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6116:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6073:
6065:
6064:
6056:
6047:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5996:
5988:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5853:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5789:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5736:
5733:AABB (2009).
5729:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5692:Vox Sanguinis
5686:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5642:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5558:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5446:
5439:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5349:
5341:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5082:Blood Reviews
5076:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4977:
4970:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4760:
4750:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3642:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3224:(1): 017001.
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2524:William Osler
2522:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2468:B lymphocytes
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1460:
1459:Bleeding time
1454:Bleeding time
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:On a stained
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:hemocytometer
1395:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1277:B lymphocytes
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1087:tissue factor
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:phospholipids
1068:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:early spread,
1028:
1024:
1020:
1007:
1004:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
983:— containing
982:
979:
977:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:— containing
934:
931:
930:
929:
927:
923:
919:
910:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
852:
850:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:Tissue factor
817:
815:
811:
807:
797:
795:
791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
706:
702:
698:
685:
681:
676:
667:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
615:
607:
602:
591:
588:November 2022
582:
578:
577:
571:
562:
561:
550:
546:
539:
538:
533:
526:
523:
520:
517:
513:
512:
507:
498:
496:
492:
487:
476:
472:
468:
467:megakaryocyte
464:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:glycoproteins
392:
391:
390:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
347:
343:
333:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
315:
310:
305:
301:
297:
296:platelet plug
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
263:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
190:
186:
183:
180:
173:
169:
166:
165:Ancient Greek
162:
158:
147:
141:
137:
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
119:
117:
113:
110:
107:
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:Image from a
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
8009:Cell biology
7506:
7436:D-Dimer (DD)
7419:Fibrinolysis
7307:-Antiplasmin
7029:
6878:Phagocytosis
6847:Reticulocyte
6805:
6621:Granulocytes
6572:Reticulocyte
6464:Promyelocyte
6427:Myelopoiesis
6341:
6337:
6327:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6267:
6261:
6237:(3): 251–8.
6234:
6230:
6220:
6195:
6191:
6181:
6156:
6152:
6142:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6062:
6055:
6046:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5960:
5956:
5946:
5919:
5915:
5905:
5870:
5866:
5852:
5817:
5807:
5788:
5774:(1): 82–88.
5771:
5767:
5761:
5734:
5728:
5695:
5691:
5685:
5655:(6): 911–9.
5652:
5648:
5641:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5530:
5521:
5486:
5482:
5471:
5444:
5438:
5414:(1): 15–25.
5411:
5407:
5397:
5365:(4): 383–8.
5362:
5358:
5348:
5321:
5317:
5308:
5276:(7): 296–9.
5273:
5269:
5259:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5040:
5036:
5026:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4980:. Retrieved
4975:
4963:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4883:
4836:
4832:
4793:
4786:
4766:
4759:
4749:
4732:
4728:
4718:
4691:
4681:
4670:. Retrieved
4629:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4466:
4462:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4365:
4361:
4350:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4058:
4052:
4025:
4021:
3982:(1): 75–83.
3979:
3975:
3965:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3805:(5): 854–5.
3802:
3798:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3704:
3700:
3690:
3658:(1): 53–58.
3655:
3651:
3641:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3465:
3459:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3095:(3): 501–7.
3092:
3088:
3082:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2906:(6): 561–9.
2903:
2899:
2848:
2835:
2803:(2): 103–8.
2800:
2796:
2750:
2678:
2674:
2663:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2541:
2538:James Wright
2531:
2530:and a blood
2527:
2517:
2511:
2502:Max Schultze
2496:Lionel Beale
2465:
2421:
2417:phagocytosis
2409:
2406:Wound repair
2400:Wound repair
2394:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2346:
2342:
2324:
2309:
2298:
2277:coagulopathy
2242:
2194:Eptifibatide
2167:Desmopressin
2119:
2091:
2083:Pharmacology
1848:Dengue fever
1838:Chemotherapy
1823:Splenomegaly
1806:
1802:tissue death
1779:
1748:
1728:
1719:
1703:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1668:
1663:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1614:
1581:
1556:
1531:
1522:P2Y receptor
1475:
1457:
1441:
1425:
1406:
1385:
1369:
1365:
1321:
1289:
1285:covercytosis
1284:
1281:
1250:
1243:
1224:
1221:Inflammation
1207:
1197:(PAMPs), or
1183:
1179:bactericidal
1173:by means of
1159:
1151:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1104:
1083:
1064:
1051:
1046:
1043:early spread
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1016:
915:
897:
870:prostacyclin
863:
818:
805:
803:
751:
735:prostacyclin
720:
701:nitric oxide
696:
694:
661:
643:
635:prostacyclin
631:nitric oxide
621:
612:
585:
574:
549:phagocytosis
488:
485:
448:dense bodies
413:microtubules
388:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
345:
341:
339:
323:
319:wound repair
318:
312:
308:
291:
287:
277:
267:
223:cell nucleus
215:blood vessel
195:
192:
185:
178:
175:
168:
161:thrombocytes
160:
156:
155:
109:thrombocytus
108:
8014:Human cells
7767:Blood types
7666:Coombs test
7502:Whole blood
7273:Plasminogen
7208:Factor XIII
7126:Factor VIII
6732:giant cells
6722:Osteoclasts
6702:Histiocytes
6694:Macrophages
6504:Promonocyte
6159:(1): 1–42.
6063:Lord Lister
5649:Transfusion
5605:Transfusion
5568:Transfusion
3771:(4): 3–16.
2462:Non-mammals
2430:agent; and
2428:chemotactic
2305:Blood Banks
2261:clopidogrel
2239:Indications
2228:Transfusion
2213:eltrombopag
2209:romiplostim
2172:Factor VIIa
2155:Ticlopidine
2140:Clopidogrel
2124:Oral agents
1914:Congenital
1526:Clopidogrel
1505:Epinephrine
1444:blood smear
1403:Measurement
1187:neutrophils
1093:Aggregation
1055:muscle cell
953:fibronectin
926:chemotactic
898:aggregation
828:coagulation
786:antagonists
779:Clopidogrel
680:erythrocyte
627:endothelium
501:Development
440:fibronectin
432:factor VIII
342:thrombocyte
292:aggregation
274:endothelium
239:vertebrates
235:bone marrow
98:Identifiers
61:blood smear
59:peripheral
7993:Categories
7579:Blood bank
7151:Factor VII
7106:Kallikrein
7096:Bradykinin
6656:Eosinophil
6639:Neutrophil
6629:Myeloblast
6567:Normoblast
6459:Myeloblast
5859:Mustard JF
5574:(1): 3–6.
5088:: 100784.
4982:2017-03-27
4672:2022-11-18
2797:IUBMB Life
2561:References
2350:bacteremia
2320:buffy coat
2312:centrifuge
2287:Collection
2269:hemorrhage
2217:argatroban
2205:oprelvekin
2150:Ticagrelor
2135:Cilostazol
2108:, another
2096:(NSAIDS).
2078:Congenital
2043:Malignancy
1843:Babesiosis
1782:thrombosis
1759:congenital
1650:Normal or
1515:Ristocetin
1381:ecchymoses
1328:antibodies
1261:E-selectin
1235:chemokines
1227:leukocytes
1175:exocytosis
1115:fibrinogen
1107:GPIIb/IIIa
1067:scramblase
965:fibrinogen
937:P-selectin
894:GPIIb/IIIa
874:eicosanoid
849:fibrinogen
824:factor VII
739:prostanoid
727:cyclic AMP
691:Inhibition
670:Activation
601:Hemostasis
556:Hemostasis
450:, contain
436:fibrinogen
407:GPIIb/IIIa
380:Morphology
374:thrombosis
366:thrombosis
309:retraction
288:activation
270:hemostasis
247:amphibians
219:blood clot
163:(from
7784:Augustine
7728:reaction
7726:Hemolytic
7615:Apheresis
7507:Platelets
7427:Plasmin-α
7288:Urokinase
7121:Factor IX
7116:Factor XI
6939:Phagocyte
6806:Platelets
6785:Monoblast
6717:Microglia
6685:Monocytes
6668:Mast cell
6634:Band cell
6499:Monoblast
6479:Band cell
6469:Myelocyte
6128:: 47–63.
5844:844452405
5753:630715051
5483:Blood Adv
5463:756764486
5125:Platelets
5110:229178137
4920:1551-8779
4855:1750-1172
4754:38950624.
4710:162572838
4692:Platelets
4540:206544569
4059:Platelets
3625:1538-7933
2976:: 84–94.
2865:cite book
2769:820818942
2751:Platelets
2703:1476-4687
2518:piastrine
2361:apheresis
2257:epidurals
2223:Therapies
2199:Tirofiban
2189:Abciximab
2145:Prasugrel
2106:Ibuprofen
2034:Reactive
1988:Acquired
1771:neoplasms
1763:cytokines
1745:Disorders
1710:photocell
1652:decreased
1646:Decreased
1641:Decreased
1636:Decreased
1557:Decreased
1532:Decreased
1373:petechiae
1348:proteases
1344:defensins
1340:opsonised
1292:synovitis
1231:cytokines
1213:(DIC) or
1191:monocytes
1171:pathogens
1167:amebocyte
1003:lysosomes
997:serotonin
737:binds to
684:leukocyte
664:GP1b-IX-V
460:serotonin
399:GPIb/IX/V
385:Structure
340:The term
326:cytokines
227:cytoplasm
157:Platelets
79:Precursor
40:Platelets
7909:Lutheran
7814:Dombrock
7599:ISBT 128
7174:Factor V
7169:Factor X
6912:CFU-GEMM
6673:CFU-Mast
6649:CFU-Baso
6644:Basophil
6432:CFU-GEMM
6368:84877594
6290:: 421–5.
6253:16643426
6212:37267098
6173:84919090
5987:21816834
5938:23963043
5796:Archived
5780:16537051
5720:38392712
5712:23134556
5677:23169569
5669:15934989
5633:24109912
5625:15157255
5549:53010679
5513:31770441
5430:19775301
5340:15809457
5300:19539528
5251:20194899
5202:22262771
5145:17654302
5102:33317862
5067:35167650
5018:35859143
4955:19408190
4863:20822539
4649:21250105
4532:23224555
4485:29350833
4441:20110505
4384:29195076
4342:30877311
4293:16258538
4244:21334521
4193:14500287
4152:15324742
4117:21435167
4044:23590652
3957:41983626
3949:16412022
3913:24297866
3872:28765989
3829:20688968
3723:19143843
3682:31534882
3633:23406164
3584:16455953
3535:41764516
3527:15852226
3492:22130718
3392:17382885
3351:10753829
3315:29518073
3256:44626047
3248:23288415
3074:18753650
3039:32145082
2990:34924312
2955:29614158
2920:27866916
2827:12054259
2819:16036569
2721:28329764
2655:42595581
2647:24499183
2612:45051688
2549:See also
2432:TGF beta
2372:Delivery
2203:Others:
1798:ischemia
1794:thrombus
1510:Collagen
1448:clumping
1334:through
1241:(PDGF).
845:factor V
832:thrombin
806:collagen
790:PI3K/Akt
697:inhibits
649:collagen
623:Thrombus
618:Adhesion
428:factor V
370:thrombus
362:thrombus
354:thrombus
279:adhesion
211:bleeding
179:thrómbos
90:Function
7948:Scianna
7834:Gerbich
7737:delayed
7608:Methods
7278:Plasmin
6814:CFU-Meg
6661:CFU-Eos
6591:General
6107:5742616
6099:6029960
6038:4269208
6030:5686175
6010:Bibcode
5978:3186337
5897:4957257
5888:2106759
5590:1731433
5504:6880896
5389:3229482
5381:6411052
5291:3116138
5242:2867258
5193:3335383
5153:7923694
5058:9164741
4611:8951776
4576:1585777
4512:Bibcode
4504:Science
4432:2927861
4411:Bibcode
4403:Science
4333:6603966
4284:2908083
4236:8662511
4216:Bibcode
4208:Science
3998:1702031
3864:1455249
3820:2918337
3777:4107203
3750:3324323
3673:6750022
3575:1895285
3451:4305207
3443:3495737
3423:Bibcode
3400:7492885
3306:5860797
3283:Bibcode
3226:Bibcode
3190:1334946
3169:Bibcode
3142:1097000
3101:1154309
3030:7384010
2712:5663284
2683:Bibcode
2604:4508929
2584:Bibcode
2513:in vivo
2474:History
2413:plasmin
2339:Storage
2249:surgery
2130:Aspirin
2098:Aspirin
2016:Malaria
1853:Onyalai
1731:PFA-100
1725:PFA-100
1691:Normal
1676:Aspirin
1669:Partial
1586:Normal
1572:defect
1564:Normal
1550:defect
1542:Normal
1377:purpura
1336:FcγRIIA
1203:NETosis
993:calcium
581:discuss
469:smooth
456:calcium
262:ligands
233:of the
172:θρόμβος
121:D001792
73:Details
7859:Indian
7804:Cromer
7799:Colton
7524:Plasma
7065:GPIIIa
6944:Plasma
6902:CFU-GM
6778:CFU-DL
6442:CFU-GM
6410:plasma
6366:
6251:
6210:
6171:
6105:
6097:
6036:
6028:
6002:Nature
5985:
5975:
5936:
5895:
5885:
5842:
5832:
5778:
5751:
5741:
5718:
5710:
5675:
5667:
5631:
5623:
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