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33:
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nest building, maintenance, and defence. The species makes an extremely large nest for its own size. It constructs a cylinder of sticks (including thorny ones) that can be 2.5 m (8 ft) long and has several chambers and entrances. Often more than one nest is built in a territory, and old nests can be renovated and reused. The clutch size is three eggs. The incubation period is 16 to 17 days and fledging occurs 21 to 22 days after hatch. Both parents incubate the clutch; they and helpers if present provision nestlings.
77:
52:
423:
The plain thornbird's breeding season has not been fully defined but in general can span from April to
November. At least in Venezuela, two broods in a year are common. It is thought to be monogamous and maintains the pair bond year-round. Young from previous broods sometimes remain, and help with
475:
has assessed the plain thornbird as being of Least
Concern. It has a large range, and though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered fairly common to common in most of its range and "is tolerant of at least moderate
322:
The plain thornbird is 16 to 17 cm (6.3 to 6.7 in) long and weighs about 20 to 31 g (0.71 to 1.1 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dull brown stripe behind the eye on an otherwise pale buff-brown face. Their crown and upperparts are
462:
The plain thornbird's song is "a bright, chippery and energetic series of loud 'chit' or 'chee' notes, often given in duet, which accelerates slightly, before gradually slowing and dropping in pitch" and is frequently repeated. Its calls include "a sharp 'chip' or 'chek, or a metallic 'tsi' ".
697:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 28 September 2023. A classification of the bird species of South
America. American Ornithological Society.
683:
Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from
327:
and some rufescence. Their tail is dull brown. Their throat is pale and the rest of their underparts are mostly dirty buff-white. Their iris is brown to grayish white, their bill dark with a yellowish base to the
372:. The species inhabits a variety of landscapes whose common features are dense thickets and at least some trees. They include arid lowland scrublands; tropical deciduous,
670:
HBW and BirdLife
International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at:
415:. It mostly forages on the ground but will do so as high as the forest's mid-level. It mostly gleans its prey from leaf litter but will search dead foliage in bushes.
728:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
386:
and savannah grasslands. In elevation it mostly ranges from sea level to 950 m (3,100 ft) but reaches 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in
Colombia.
628:"Evidence for the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis from genome-wide SNPs in a Neotropical dry forest specialist, the Rufous-fronted Thornbird (Furnariidae:
907:
961:
671:
868:
881:
266:
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32:
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has a somewhat grayish face, somewhat olivaceous (less rufescent) upperparts, and more brownish tail and undertail
303:
283:
follow a 2020 study that compared mitochondrial DNA sequences and treat it as a species with two subspecies, the
76:
971:
412:
348:
The nominate subspecies of the plain thornbird is found in north-central
Venezuela between the states of
529:
824:
307:
672:
https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip
966:
899:
832:
772:
724:
del Hoyo, J., J. V. Remsen, Jr., G. M. Kirwan, and N. Collar (2020). Rufous-fronted
Thornbird (
270:
411:. It usually forages in pairs or small groups that include nest helpers but only rarely joins
299:
171:
837:
685:
626:
Corbett, E.C.; Bravo, G.A.; Schunck, F.; Naka, L.N.; Silveira, L.F.; Edwards, S.V. (2020).
497:
8:
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332:, and their legs and feet gray. Juveniles have mottled upperparts. Subspecies
955:
894:
361:
248:
148:
61:
56:
448:
Listen to plain thornbird in the rufous-fronted thornbird list on xeno-canto
657:
433:
925:
804:
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302:& Aveledo, 1987). The South American Classification Committee of the
224:
933:
873:
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627:
408:
128:
88:
860:
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349:
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The plain thornbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.
329:
108:
819:
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217:
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dull brown. Their wings are mostly dull brown with darker brown
382:
98:
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McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010).
259:
472:
118:
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https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
625:
744:
495:
220:
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700:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
265:The plain thornbird's taxonomy is unsettled. The
953:
576:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
427:
360:is found in central and western Venezuela from
603:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
740:
738:
677:
343:
230:
749:. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 116.
720:
718:
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368:west into northeastern Colombia as far as
196:
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31:
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605:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 205.
524:
522:
306:treats the two taxa as subspecies of the
227:. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
735:
705:
691:
600:
562:
506:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
954:
730:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ruftho1.01
519:
491:
489:
267:International Ornithological Committee
239:in 1887 by the American ornithologist
771:
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747:Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia
476:anthropogenic habitat disturbance".
962:IUCN Red List least concern species
664:
486:
13:
276:Handbook of the Birds of the World
14:
988:
568:"Description of a new species of
243:based on a specimen collected in
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262:meaning "plain" or "unadorned".
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496:BirdLife International (2016).
457:
304:American Ornithological Society
619:
594:
588:10.5479/si.00963801.10-619.152
556:
317:
1:
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407:The plain thornbird feeds on
732:retrieved September 19, 2023
413:mixed-species feeding flocks
7:
674:retrieved December 13, 2022
418:
394:
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247:, Venezuela. He coined the
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702:retrieved October 20, 2023
688:retrieved October 28, 2023
601:Jobling, James A. (2010).
402:
779:
538:"Ovenbirds, woodcreepers"
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177:
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72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
25:
344:Distribution and habitat
308:rufous-fronted thornbird
235:The plain thornbird was
231:Taxonomy and systematics
977:Birds described in 1887
939:Phacellodomus-inornatus
811:Phacellodomus inornatus
781:Phacellodomus inornatus
726:Phacellodomus rufifrons
630:Phacellodomus rufifrons
500:Phacellodomus inornatus
252:Phacellodomus inornatus
213:Phacellodomus inornatus
181:Phacellodomus inornatus
271:BirdLife International
536:, eds. (July 2023).
542:IOC World Bird List
42:Conservation status
972:Birds of Venezuela
532:; Donsker, David;
498:"Plain Thornbird (
237:formally described
949:
948:
773:Taxon identifiers
756:978-0-9827615-0-2
649:10.1111/mec.15640
642:(22): 4457–4472.
636:Molecular Ecology
612:978-1-4081-2501-4
534:Rasmussen, Pamela
454:
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281:Clements taxonomy
204:
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163:P. inornatus
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572:from Venezuela"
564:Ridgway, Robert
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442:Songs and calls
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370:Meta Department
358:P. i. castilloi
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334:P. i. castilloi
325:primary coverts
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296:P. i. castilloi
288:P. i. inornatus
279:(HBW), and the
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208:plain thornbird
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172:Binomial name
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150:Phacellodomus
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57:Least Concern
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582:(619): 152.
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546:. Retrieved
541:
511:19 September
509:. Retrieved
505:
499:
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458:Vocalization
441:
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406:
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381:
380:forest; and
357:
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312:P. rufifrons
311:
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294:, 1887) and
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20:
18:
805:Wikispecies
530:Gill, Frank
318:Description
225:Furnariidae
139:Furnariidae
956:Categories
934:Xeno-canto
796:Q107394943
480:References
409:arthropods
900:103672834
838:103672834
378:secondary
300:Phelps Jr
157:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
833:BirdLife
790:Wikidata
658:32974981
566:(1887).
548:July 31,
544:. v 13.2
419:Breeding
395:Movement
390:Behavior
330:mandible
285:nominate
135:Family:
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
913:2777569
874:6100764
861:ruftho3
848:ruftho3
820:Avibase
403:Feeding
374:gallery
366:Monagas
354:Miranda
338:coverts
292:Ridgway
269:(IOC),
245:Caracas
218:species
216:) is a
188:Ridgway
145:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
926:159126
887:713091
753:
656:
609:
467:Status
383:llanos
376:, and
350:Falcón
254:. Its
222:family
190:, 1887
856:eBird
845:BOW:
362:Sucre
260:Latin
908:NCBI
895:IUCN
882:ITIS
869:GBIF
751:ISBN
654:PMID
607:ISBN
550:2023
513:2023
473:IUCN
471:The
364:and
352:and
206:The
119:Aves
644:doi
584:doi
314:).
273:'s
258:is
958::
936::
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737:^
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652:.
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632:)"
580:10
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540:.
521:^
504:.
502:)"
488:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
