563:"This subspecies of caribou is endemic to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, living on the edge of plant growth in polar desert and arctic tundra environments. The current population is estimated at 13,200 mature individuals. From a population high of 22,000 in 1987, the species experienced a catastrophic die-off in the mid-1990s related to severe icing events in some parts of its range. The population was ca. 5,400 mature individuals in 1996, the lowest since surveys first commenced in 1961. Of four subpopulations, two are currently showing an increasing trend, one is stable, and the fourth had fewer than 10 individuals at the last count in 2005, with no evidence of any recovery. The overall population has experienced an estimated three-generation decline of 35%, but has been increasing over the past two decades. The highest-impact threats derive from a changing climate, including increased intensity and frequency of rain-on-snow events negatively affecting forage accessibility in winter, and decreased extent and thickness of sea ice causing shifts in migration and movement patterns"
246:
100:
55:
77:
527:, a small caribou that became extinct about 1900, from a relict enclave in north-eastern Greenland (Fig. 2). However, Anderson (1946) thought that the small caribou that were occasionally found in northwest Greenland were Peary caribou and implied the same for east Greenland caribou. Bennike (1988), comparing bones and noting that Peary caribou have been documented crossing Nares Strait to Greenland, doubted that
31:
384:
The Peary caribou population has dropped from above 40,000 in 1961 to an estimated 13,000 adults in 2016, according to the
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). During this period, the number of days with above freezing temperatures has increased significantly, resulting
331:
in Canada. They are the smallest of the North
American caribou, with the females weighing an average of 60 kg (130 lb) and the males 110 kg (240 lb). In length the females average 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) and the males 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in).
461:
The Peary caribou may move seasonally up to 150 km (93 mi) each way, not necessarily on fixed migration routes that are used habitually, but rather broad migration zones that individuals use to travel from winter ranges to calving areas and summer ranges. They occupy
539:. Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (traditional or community knowledge) records that Peary caribou do, occasionally, cross to Greenland. In any case, the last live caribou reported from northern Greenland were most likely Peary caribou that had strayed from
767:
Meldgaard M (1986) The
Greenland caribou - zoogeography, taxonomy and population dynamics. Vol. 20,Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersagelser i Grønland, Meddelelser om Grøinland, Bioscience, Univ. Copenhagen, zoologisk museum, Denmark, 88
486:. In summer they search for the richest vegetation which is found "on the upper slopes of river valleys and uplands." In the winter, they "inhabit areas where the snow is not too deep such as rugged uplands, beach ridges and rocky outcrops."
343:
is gone by
October. The coat of the caribou is white and thick in the winter. In the summer it becomes short and darker, almost slate-grey in color. The coat is made up of hollow hair which helps to trap warmer air and insulate the caribou.
429:
During the winter, the fur of the Peary caribou becomes thicker and whiter. In the summer it is shorter and darker. The pelage of the Peary caribou is white in winter and slate-grey with white legs and underparts in summer like the
811:
Kvie KS, Heggenes J, Anderson DG, Kholodova MV, Sipko T, Mizin I, Røed KH (2016) Colonizing the high arctic: mitochondrial DNA reveals common origin of
Eurasian archipelagic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). PloS one 11: e0165237.
680:
COSEWIC (2015) COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Peary
Caribou Rangifer tarandus pearyi in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada,
1153:
Larter, Nicholas C, and John A Nagy. 2001. "Variation between Snow
Conditions at Peary Caribou and Muskox Feeding Sites and Elsewhere in Foraging Habitats on Banks Island in the Canadian High Arctic".
828:
Taylor ADM (2005) Inuit
Qaujimajatuqangit about population changes and ecology of Peary caribou and muskoxen on the High Arctic islands of Nunavut. MA Thesis, Kingston, Ontario: Queenâs University
1202:
Tews, Joerg, Michael A D Ferguson, and Lenore Fahrig. 2007. "Potential Net
Effects of Climate Change on High Arctic Peary Caribou: Lessons from a Spatially Explicit Simulation Model".
535:
were subspecifically distinct. That Peary caribou shared certain mtDNA haplotypes and morphological similarities with it (Kvie et al. 2016) casts further doubt on the validity of
347:
The males become sexually mature after two years and the females after three years. Breeding is in the fall and depends on the female having built up sufficient fat reserves. The
777:
Degerbøl M (1957) The extinct reindeer of East-Greenland: Rangifer tarandus eogroenlandicus, subsp. nov.: compared with reindeer from other Arctic regions. Acta
Arctica 10: 1-66.
1029:
1109:
568:
COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada), COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Peary Caribou Rangifer tarandus pearyi in Canada, 2015:iii
523:-sized caribou that occupied Greenland in the Illinoian-Wisconsin interglacial and through the LGM and early Holocene (Meldgaard 1986). Degerbøl (1957) described
875:
Banfield AWF (1961) A revision of the reindeer and caribou, genus Rangifer. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 177, Biological Series No. 66, Ottawa, Ontario, 137 pp.
556:
866:
Manning TH (1960) The relationship of the Peary and barren ground caribou. Arctic Institute of North America Technical Paper No. 4, Montreal, Quebec, 52 pp.
1217:
449:
The Peary caribou and the Dolphin-Union caribou herd both have light slate-grey antler velvet. The antler velvet of the barren-ground caribou and the
682:
786:
Anderson RM (1946) Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 102, Biological Series 31, Ottawa, Ontario, 238 pp.
385:
in ice layers in the snow pack. These ice layers hinder foraging and are the likely cause for dramatic drops in caribou population in the future.
381:, their main predator, and are good swimmers. They usually travel in small groups of no more than twelve in the summer and four in the winter.
377:
The caribou rarely travel more than 150 km (93 mi) from their winter feeding grounds to the summer ones. They are able to outrun the
1371:
795:
Bennike O (1988) Review: The Greenland caribou-zoogeography, taxonomy and population dynamics, by Morten Meldgaard. Arctic 41: 146-147. doi:
996:
374:
become purple from the plants. Their hooves are sharp and shaped like a shovel to enable them to dig through the snow in search of food.
1086:
Gunn, Anne; Nishi, J. (1998), "Review of information for Dolphin and Union caribou herd", in Gunn, A.; Seal, U.S.; Miller, P.S. (eds.),
1412:
857:
Allen JA (1902) A new caribou from Ellesmere Land. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History XVI: 409-412, figs 401 and 402.
1306:
1037:
1332:
884:
Harding LE (2022) Available names for Rangifer (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae) species and subspecies. ZooKeys 1119: 117-151.
603:
253:
Approximate range of Peary caribou in light pink. Overlap with other subspecies of caribou is possible for contiguous range. 1.
1417:
1128:
906:
1350:
1122:
844:
1337:
939:
638:
1271:
1190:
1169:
962:
918:
1442:
1376:
500:) in North America. Aulavik National Park, a fly-in park, protects about 12,274 km (4,739 sq mi) of
475:
59:
683:
https://wildlife-species.canada.ca/species-risk-registry/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_Peary%20Caribou_2015_e1.pdf
339:. The males grow their antlers from March to August and the females from June to September, and in both cases the
266:
84:
1427:
559:(COSEWIC) listed the Peary caribou as endangered. In 2015, COSEWIC returned the status to threatened, noting:
508:
Aulavik means "place where people travel" and caribou have been hunted there for more than 3,400 years, from
1432:
348:
1345:
1090:, Briefing book, Apple Valley, Minnesota: Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/UCN), pp. 1â22
1437:
927:
262:
1088:
Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop for the Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi)
479:
99:
1065:
1363:
978:
975:
Peary Caribou â Endangered; Barren-Ground Caribou (Dolphin and Union Population) âSpecial Concern.
483:
450:
367:
258:
837:
Morten Meldgaard, (1986) The Greenland Caribou - Zoogeography, Taxonomy, and Population Dynamics
1233:
1073:
Gunn, Anne; Miller, Frank L.; Thomas, D.C. (1979), "COSEWIC status report on the Peary caribou
1011:
218:
1162:
Assessing Snow Cover and Its Relationship to Distribution of Peary Caribou in the High Arctic
489:
435:
431:
328:
284:
278:
1389:
1293:
8:
405:
44:
1117:, Government of Northwest Territories, Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
1053:
463:
94:
743:
1422:
1384:
1280:
1186:
1183:
Foraging Behaviour of Peary Caribou in Response to Springtime Snow and Ice Conditions
1165:
1118:
958:
914:
840:
272:
586:. When all caribou and reindeer in the world were made conspecific, the name became
1285:
885:
813:
796:
540:
235:
1221:
817:
471:
441:
Like all caribou the hollow hairs help trap warm air and insulate their bodies.
1256:
1164:. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 2006.
889:
245:
1406:
493:
340:
64:
1095:
Miller, Frank L. (1991), "Update COSEWIC status report on the Peary caribou
1197:
NWT peary caribou Rangifer tarandus pearyi. NWT species at risk fact sheets
505:
492:
at the northern end of Banks Island is also home to the Peary caribou. The
467:
413:
582:
Allen, 1902, it was made a subspecies of barren-ground caribou in 1960 as
1358:
1319:
1265:
393:
378:
171:
151:
800:
1311:
1199:. : Northwest Territories Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development.
979:"COSEWIC 2014 assessment and update status report on the Peary caribou
513:
509:
355:
312:
1324:
555:
It was assigned a status of threatened in April 1979. In May 2004 the
544:
397:
111:
1227:
1250:
661:
659:
363:
316:
195:
181:
131:
1101:
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)
1079:
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)
989:
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)
940:"COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Peary Caribou
496:
runs through the park and is the northernmost navigable river (by
1030:"Population size of Peary caribou in the Canadian Arctic islands"
324:
1298:
656:
501:
359:
336:
320:
141:
121:
497:
409:
371:
161:
30:
1185:. : Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 1982.
351:
last for seven to eight months and one calf is produced.
688:
557:
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
1176:
The Relationship of the Peary and Barren Ground Caribou
995:
665:
621:
619:
438:
herd. The Dolphin-Union caribou are slightly darker.
354:
Peary caribou feed on most of the available grasses,
1178:. Montreal: Arctic Institute of North America, 1960.
335:
Like other caribou, both the males and females have
719:
616:
1111:Species at Risk in the Northwest Territories 2012
709:
707:
705:
703:
1404:
504:lowlands at the northern end of the island. In
738:
736:
734:
700:
904:
694:
1218:NWT Peary Caribou; NWT Dolphin-Union Caribou
1181:Miller, F. L., E. J. Edmonds, and A. Gunn.
1034:UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library
987:(Dolphin and Union population) in Canada",
731:
412:and was named after the American explorer
244:
75:
53:
29:
590:. A recent revision returned the name to
1085:
725:
948:Dolphin and Union population in Canada"
938:
625:
604:Caribou herds and populations in Canada
366:. In particular they seem to enjoy the
1405:
1155:Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
1094:
1232:
1231:
257:, which is subdivided into ecotypes:
1072:
676:
674:
1107:
713:
519:Archaeologists have found bones of
13:
1146:
14:
1454:
1211:
744:"Aulavik National Park of Canada"
671:
408:, is a major food source for the
1413:IUCN Red List endangered species
907:"Terrestrial Mammals of Nunavut"
98:
1195:Northwest Territories. (2001).
985:Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus
946:Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus
878:
869:
860:
851:
831:
822:
805:
789:
780:
771:
550:
453:are both dark chocolate brown.
983:and the barren-ground caribou
905:Anand-Wheeler, Ingrid (2002),
761:
631:
1:
1418:NatureServe imperiled species
898:
419:
818:10.1371/journal.pone.0165237
609:
7:
1224: (archived May 5, 2009)
1036:. June 2007. Archived from
597:
573:
10:
1459:
944:and Barren-ground Caribou
890:10.3897/zookeys.1119.80233
666:Government of Nunavut 2014
639:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
470:, the northwest corner of
456:
444:
388:The Peary caribou, called
1240:
685:, Ottawa, Ontario, 92 pp.
543:. They were last seen in
512:cultures to contemporary
424:
265:and Arctic (montane), 2.
252:
243:
224:
217:
95:Scientific classification
93:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1272:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
1242:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
1097:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
1075:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
999:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
981:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
942:Rangifer tarandus pearyi
643:explorer.natureserve.org
308:Rangifer arcticus pearyi
255:Rangifer caribou caribou
228:Rangifer arcticus pearyi
1443:Endemic fauna of Canada
484:Queen Elizabeth Islands
451:boreal woodland caribou
571:
476:Prince of Wales Island
1428:Mammals of the Arctic
1103:, Ottawa, p. 124
1008:Government of Nunavut
561:
537:R. t. eogroenlandicus
525:R. t. eogroenlandicus
490:Aulavik National Park
436:Dolphin-Union caribou
432:barren-ground caribou
329:Northwest Territories
1204:Ecological Modelling
1134:on 24 September 2015
1081:, Ottawa, p. 40
1010:, nd, archived from
726:Gunn & Seal 1998
370:and in summer their
263:woodland (migratory)
1433:Arctic land animals
1160:Maher, Andrew Ian.
801:10.14430/arctic1984
464:High Arctic islands
406:Inuktitut syllabics
271:(extinct 1908), 3.
45:Conservation status
1040:on 30 January 2008
695:Anand-Wheeler 2009
592:R. arcticus pearyi
588:R. tarandus pearyi
584:R. arcticus pearyi
319:found in the High
16:Subspecies of deer
1438:Mammals of Canada
1400:
1399:
1385:Open Tree of Life
1234:Taxon identifiers
1206:. 207, no. 2: 85.
1157:. 33, no. 2: 123.
1124:978-0-7708-0196-0
928:"Population size"
845:978-87-635-1180-3
750:, 16 January 2014
578:Originally named
400:, and written as
299:
298:
259:woodland (boreal)
210:R. a. pearyi
88:
68:
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541:Ellesmere Island
368:purple saxifrage
349:gestation period
248:
230:
196:R. arcticus
103:
102:
82:
79:
78:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
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1222:Wayback Machine
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1174:Manning, T. H.
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1147:Further reading
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1131:
1125:
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1061:
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1050:
1043:
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1028:
1020:
1018:
1017:on 20 June 2014
1014:
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997:"Peary Caribou
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732:
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689:
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672:
664:
657:
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637:
636:
632:
624:
617:
612:
600:
580:Rangifer pearyi
576:
570:
567:
553:
533:eogroenlandicus
480:Somerset Island
472:Victoria Island
459:
447:
427:
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239:
232:
226:
213:
199:
97:
89:
80:
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17:
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5:
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1108:GNWT (2012),
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352:
350:
345:
342:
338:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
304:
303:Peary caribou
295:
294:
288:
287:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
269:
268:R. a. dawsoni
264:
260:
256:
251:
247:
242:
237:
231:
229:
223:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
86:
72:
66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1241:
1203:
1196:
1182:
1175:
1161:
1154:
1136:, retrieved
1129:the original
1110:
1100:
1099:in Canada",
1096:
1087:
1078:
1077:in Canada",
1074:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:the original
1033:
1019:, retrieved
1012:the original
1007:
998:
988:
984:
980:
968:, retrieved
957:, May 2004,
954:
945:
941:
931:
910:
880:
871:
862:
853:
838:
833:
824:
807:
791:
782:
773:
763:
752:, retrieved
748:Parks Canada
747:
721:
690:
646:. Retrieved
642:
633:
626:COSEWIC 2004
591:
587:
583:
579:
577:
562:
554:
551:Conservation
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
518:
506:Inuvialuktun
488:
468:Banks Island
466:, including
460:
448:
440:
428:
414:Robert Peary
401:
389:
387:
383:
376:
353:
346:
334:
307:
306:
302:
300:
293:R. a. pearyi
292:
290:
285:
279:
273:
267:
254:
227:
225:
209:
208:
204:Subspecies:
194:
182:
152:Artiodactyla
18:
1359:NatureServe
1320:iNaturalist
1266:Wikispecies
1062:|work=
911:NatureServe
402:ááŻáŚáŻáŚáἠááá
394:Inuinnaqtun
379:Arctic wolf
323:islands of
172:Capreolinae
168:Subfamily:
85:NatureServe
1407:Categories
1138:31 October
1044:27 January
1021:1 November
970:1 November
899:References
754:1 November
514:Inuvialuit
510:Pre-Dorset
420:Morphology
358:(sedges),
356:Cyperaceae
313:subspecies
81:Imperiled
60:Endangered
1064:ignored (
1054:cite book
610:Footnotes
547:in 1922.
545:Hall Land
398:Inuktitut
364:mushrooms
190:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
1423:Reindeer
1364:2.737201
1351:14200338
1257:Q1606402
1251:Wikidata
714:NWT 2012
648:30 March
598:See also
574:Taxonomy
566:â
482:and the
327:and the
183:Rangifer
162:Cervidae
158:Family:
142:Mammalia
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1312:5220118
1299:1268553
1220:at the
955:COSEWIC
457:Habitat
445:Antlers
434:in the
372:muzzles
337:antlers
325:Nunavut
317:caribou
311:) is a
238:, 1902)
178:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
63: (
1390:114865
1377:228256
1338:666754
1325:238269
1189:
1168:
1121:
961:
917:
843:
529:pearyi
521:pearyi
502:Arctic
425:Pelage
360:lichen
341:velvet
321:Arctic
1286:7KQT8
1132:(PDF)
1115:(PDF)
1015:(PDF)
1004:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
847:p. 44
498:canoe
410:Inuit
390:tuktu
283:, 5.
277:, 4.
236:Allen
1372:NCBI
1333:ITIS
1307:GBIF
1187:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1140:2014
1119:ISBN
1066:help
1046:2008
1023:2014
972:2014
959:ISBN
915:ISBN
841:ISBN
756:2014
650:2022
531:and
362:and
301:The
1346:MSW
1294:EoL
1281:CoL
932:BBC
886:doi
814:doi
797:doi
768:pp.
404:in
392:in
315:of
291:6.
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305:(
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