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432:", the marching song of the American Civil War, was based on the tune of an earlier camp-meeting and revival hymn, and was later fitted with the words "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord", by Julia Ward Howe. This practice continued into the First World War, with many of the soldiers' songs being based on hymn tunes (for instance "When this lousy war is over", to the tune of "
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394:. However, Tilmouth and Sherr comment that although these works exhibit "the kind of interaction of composer and model that was characteristic of 16th-century parody", they nevertheless employ "a stylistic dichotomy far removed from it". The same authors comment that the use of old music in the scores of
52:
In music, parody has been used for many different purposes and in various musical contexts: as a serious compositional technique, as an unsophisticated re-use of well-known melody to present new words, and as an intentionally humorous, even mocking, reworking of existing musical material, sometimes
766:
In 1942, BartĂłk listened to the first broadcast performance of the symphony, "and was struck both by the endless repetitions of the first movement's main theme ... and by the resemblance of part of that theme to a
Viennese cabaret song of his acquaintance. This is what 'interrupts' the otherwise
60:
in the 16th century, and, in the 20th century, the use of folk tunes in popular song, and neo-classical works written for the concert hall, drawing on earlier styles. "Parody" in this serious sense continues to be a term in musicological use, existing alongside the more common use of the term to
1027:
103:, which was strong in Germany by that time though the word's use was infrequent and casual. It was only in modern times that the term "parody technique" came into general use as a historical musicological term, especially after the publication of Peter Wagnerâs
190:
tunes and compositional styles. After the middle of the 17th century, composers sought to create "a unique musical treatment appropriate to the text and the circumstances of performance". Thereafter the serious parody became rare until the 20th century.
776:
For example: "Hagen gives
Siegfried a magic potion that makes him forget all about BrĂŒnnhilde and fall in love with Gutrune Gibich, who, by the way, is the only woman Siegfried has ever come across who hasn't been his aunt â I'm not making this up, you
143:
in the derived work, but the whole substance of the source â its themes, rhythms, chords and chord progressions â is absorbed into the new piece and subjected to free variation in such a way that a fusion of old and new elements is
767:
tranquil and expressive 'Intermezzo': the ironic point being that BartĂłk treats the 'interruption' in precisely what is the harshly satirical, sarcastic, circus-ring manner of
Shostakovich himself in other contexts."
412:
Popular music has used parody in a variety of ways. These include parodies of earlier music, for comic or (sometimes) serious effect; parodies of musical and performing styles; and parodies of particular performers.
729:
as "Art, Imitation and
Exercise". Art, one's personal skills and talents, was expected to follow Imitation, the life or works of great predecessors, and the two must combine in Exercise, the synthesis of Art and
446:
has often been written to existing tunes, or slight modifications of them. This is another very old (and usually non-humorous) kind of musical parody that still continues. For instance,
212:
arias then in fashion. Thereafter "parody" in music has generally been associated with humorous or satiric treatment of borrowed or imitative material. Later in the 18th century,
466:
and his City
Slickers parodied popular music in their own way, not by changing lyrics, but adding wild sound effects and comedic stylings to formerly staid old songs. The 1957
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in 1913. Although the practice of borrowing preexisting polyphonic textures dates back to the 14th century, these earlier manifestations are closer to the technique of
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than to the parody of 16th-century music. In the latter part of the 15th century, composers began to include the other voices of a polyphonic model in basically
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as a musical joke for his friends; several of the movements contain musical parody, radically changing the tempo and instrumentation of well-known melodies.
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1299:
99:, which were used to acknowledge the source of borrowed musical material. Such preferences for Greek terms were a product of
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During the
Renaissance, a prevailing view of the balance between originality and homage to earlier artists was summed up by
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1266:, Oxford University Press 2009, Oxford Reference Online, Oxford University Press, accessed 21 February 2012
1246:, Oxford University Press 2009, Oxford Reference Online, Oxford University Press, accessed 21 February 2012
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similarly "engenders a conflict foreign to the total synthesis that was the aim of 16th-century parody".
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currently perform comedy parodies of popular songs from a wide of genres primarily on folk instruments.
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created parodies of popular songs in the 1950s and 1960s, mocking the musical conventions of the day,
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The essential feature of parody technique is that not merely a single part is appropriated to form a
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1565:"What's the Deal With the Fast-Food-Themed Black Sabbath Cover Band Playing Brooklyn This Weekend?"
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by the German composer Jakob Paix, as the equivalent of the previously usual Latin expressions
1028:"Anne Russell: Accomplished musical comedian famous for her lampooning of Wagner's Ring cycle"
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songs set to popular melodies of the time, involved some of the broadest musical parodies. In
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The earliest musical application of this Greek term was only in 1587, on the title-page of a
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Serious parody was revived, in modified form, in the 20th century, with such works as
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took the tune of the old slave song "No more auction block for me" as the basis for "
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624:, a pioneering composer and singer in the Jewish music genre, reworks the lyrics of
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parodied the lame melodies and routine forms of lesser composers of his day in his
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Oxford
University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Accessed 21 February 2012
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Oxford
University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Accessed 21 February 2012
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was the subject of
Viennese parodies in the decades after his death. Parodies of
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356:. The parodic use of well-known tunes with new lyrics is a common feature of
186:. As musical fashions changed, however, there was little cause to re-use old
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period, there continued to be parodies with serious intent, an example being
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1497:"Meet Richard Cheese: He'll grate on you, make you laugh and sing along"
1484:. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, 2009, accessed 21 February 2012
1455:. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, 2009, accessed 21 February 2012
1430:. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, 2009, accessed 21 February 2012
1405:. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, 2009, accessed 21 February 2012
1334:. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, 2009, accessed 21 February 2012
581:
became famous for their parodies of pop performers in the 1970s, whilst
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Parodists of music from the concert hall or lyric theatre have included
45:, or copying the particular style of a composer or performer, or even a
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1182:, The First World War Poetry Digital Archive, accessed 19 February 2012
1163:, The First World War Poetry Digital Archive, accessed 19 February 2012
650:
613:
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499:, known for adding comic words to existing works by such composers as
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73:, which came from the Greek ÏαÏῳΎία (lit. "burlesque poem" or song).
2061:
596:, who have generally put new lyrics to largely unchanged music, and
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industry. parody in the 21st century has included the 2005 musical
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Examples of musical parody with completely serious intent include
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to the ponderous double bass, for a truly elephantine character".
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at an agonisingly slow pace; the
Elephant who artfully transfers
604:
keeps the lyrics intact but alters the musical style, performing
574:
148:
Many of the most famous composers of the 16th century, including
1670:
A Theory of Parody: The Teachings of Twentieth-Century Art Forms
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328:), was himself parodied by later composers from Saint-Saëns to
261:
42:
1045:
Russell, Anna. "The Anna Russell Album", CBS Classics LP 61665
644:-themed props and costumes with altered lyrics satirizing the
3269:
3250:
2727:
2451:
2312:
1781:
1756:
927:
Beauchamp, Marie-Claude (1993). Notes to Chandos CD CHAN 9246
457:
364:, British theatrical styles popularised in the 19th century.
37:, involves changing or copying existing (usually well known)
1668:
Hutcheon, Linda (1985). "3. The Pragmatic Range of Parody".
511:
is also noted for parodies of classical and operatic works.
3536:
3403:
1786:
1811:
1686:
1532:"Weekly radio show's hotter than a jalapeno gefilte fish"
1066:
936:
Palmer, Christopher (1991). Notes to Chandos CD CHAN 8947
478:
parodied the then very fashionable commercial variety of
133:, Michael Tilmouth and Richard Sherr write of the genre:
69:
The word "parody" derives from the post-classical Latin
242:(1943) features the appearance (followed by a trombone
852:
840:
3572:
1646:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
199:
The parodic elements of Bach's "Cantate burlesque",
1639:
1283:
883:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February. 2012
588:Parodists with differing techniques have included
436:" and "We are Fred Karno's Army", to the tune of "
302:cycle by turning the themes into dance rhythm) to
1514:Besser, Yisroel. "Where Country and Soul Merge".
1141:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
1122:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
1097:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
988:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
955:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
910:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
834:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 19 February 2012
482:. A musical using heavy parody was the 1959 show
206:are humorous in intent, making fun of the florid
3608:
1603:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1562:
1210:"Jones, Spike Spiked! The Music of Spike Jones"
1014:, Oxford Music Online, accessed 14 August 2010
522:, a supposedly newly discovered member of the
2908:Cinema / television / video
2612:
2598:
1702:
632:themes. Another example of musical parody is
598:Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine
270:Mozart parodied the elaborate solemnities of
3442:Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
1642:Sir Philip Sidney: selected prose and poetry
1264:The Oxford Companion to the American Musical
1244:The Oxford Companion to the American Musical
1154:"Trench Songs â When this Lousy War is Over"
546:Parodies of performing styles and performers
2605:
2591:
1709:
1695:
1556:
538:music, as well as introducing elements of
458:Parodies of earlier works in popular music
401:
194:
1637:
1173:"Trench Songs â We are Fred Karno's Army"
846:
130:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1586:, Altar Boyz, accessed 21 February 2012
1563:Keyes, J. Edward (September 11, 2015).
1378:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music.
1355:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music.
702:
316:, a frequent parodist (of among others
14:
3609:
1617:
1529:
1278:
1072:
256:In theatrical music, the 18th century
2586:
1690:
1523:
968:
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964:
824:Tilmouth, Michael and Richard Sherr.
61:refer to parody for humorous effect.
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628:and other mainstream hits to convey
583:The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican
972:Cook, Elisabeth and Stanley Sadie.
677:Composer tributes (classical music)
488:, which poked fun at old-fashioned
352:and others. His own music has been
24:
1661:
1226:, 2009, accessed 21 February 2012
961:
945:Price, Curtis and Robert D. Hume.
25:
3643:
979:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
916:
889:
864:
803:
526:, whose creative output parodies
382:'s neo-classical works including
246:) of a theme from Shostakovich's
3594:
3582:
2566:
2557:
2556:
1623:The Music of Sir Arthur Sullivan
1192:"Bob Dylan, Blowin' in the Wind"
530:scholarship, the conventions of
428:and substituted secular words. "
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939:
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1530:Israel, Steve (23 July 2000).
789:
733:
713:
561:". The bandleader and pianist
434:What a Friend We Have in Jesus
76:
13:
1:
3371:Pierre Menard, Author of the
3217:Archetypal literary criticism
2777:Literature / theatre
1477:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1448:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1423:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1398:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1327:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1291:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1215:Encyclopedia of Popular Music
3183:Source criticism in the arts
2851:Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
1520:, April 14, 2010, pp. 42-50.
1057:. "Home grown on Broadway",
571:Jonathan and Darlene Edwards
569:, created the musical duo, "
64:
7:
3384:Reality Hunger: A Manifesto
1294:. Oxford University Press.
1200:, accessed 19 February 2012
665:
438:The Church's One Foundation
296:(sending up music from the
229:The Carnival of the Animals
168:After the beginning of the
10:
3648:
3490:Appropriation in sociology
1716:
1638:Kimbrough, Robert (1983).
405:
163:
80:
3495:Articulation in sociology
3473:
3396:
3348:
3298:
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3018:Revivalism (architecture)
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2417:
2325:
2231:
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2014:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1865:
1834:
1825:
1724:
1139:Oxford Companion to Music
798:Oxford English Dictionary
746:Orpheus in the Underworld
640:tribute band who utilize
416:Before the 20th century,
3632:Humor in classical music
3207:Aesthetic interpretation
1063:, 31 January 1976, p. 11
577:acts. The British group
308:Introduction to the Ring
113:cantus firmus structures
3449:The Pictures Generation
3228:The Death of the Author
2006:Theatre of ancient Rome
1486:(subscription required)
1457:(subscription required)
1432:(subscription required)
1407:(subscription required)
1382:(subscription required)
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1224:Oxford University Press
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408:Parody in popular music
402:Parody in popular music
340:parodied the styles of
195:Concert works and opera
121:Missa Fortuna desperata
3520:Copyright infringement
3500:Cultural appropriation
1599:Boyd, Malcolm (2000).
1260:"Little Mary Sunshine"
873:Burkholder, J. Peter.
739:"Tortoises dancing to
654:, which parodies both
573:", as a parody of bad
239:Concerto for Orchestra
146:
53:for satirical effect.
3547:Participatory culture
3515:Intellectual property
2213:Theatre of the Absurd
1672:. New York: Methuen.
1625:. London: Macmillan.
565:and his wife, singer
514:The musical satirist
286:Souvenirs de Bayreuth
135:
27:Composition technique
3222:Artistic inspiration
3046:Intertextual figures
3013:Parody advertisement
2188:Shakespearean comedy
1986:Ancient Greek comedy
1468:"Yankovic, 'Weird Al
703:Notes and references
485:Little Mary Sunshine
420:frequently borrowed
396:Peter Maxwell Davies
125:Missa Rosa playsante
105:Geschichte der Messe
101:Renaissance humanism
93:missa ad imitationem
3557:Recontextualisation
3510:Information society
3505:History of printing
3485:Academic dishonesty
3246:Genius (literature)
2935:Literal music video
2846:Photographic mosaic
2641:Chopped and screwed
1537:Times Herald-Record
1374:"Schickele, Peter "
1372:and Joyce Kennedy.
1349:and Joyce Kennedy.
1135:"John Brown's Body"
1112:and Clive Chapman.
1075:, pp. 150â153.
1026:O'Connor, Patrick.
1000:Wagstaff, John and
900:Tilmouth, Michael.
861:, pp. 178â180.
755:Dance of the Sylphs
697:Victorian burlesque
590:"Weird Al" Yankovic
452:Blowin' in the Wind
358:Victorian burlesque
354:parodied ever since
222:. A century later,
3627:Musical techniques
3234:Divine inspiration
3023:Video game modding
2865:By source material
2176:Comédie larmoyante
2171:Sentimental comedy
2166:Restoration comedy
2129:Commedia dell'arte
2001:Corral de comedias
1544:on 21 October 2014
1178:2012-02-24 at the
1159:2012-02-24 at the
1119:Grove Music Online
1094:Grove Music Online
1011:Grove Music Online
985:Grove Music Online
952:Grove Music Online
907:Grove Music Online
880:Grove Music Online
831:Grove Music Online
602:The Lounge Kittens
579:The Barron Knights
503:and Sullivan; and
183:Christmas Oratorio
176:'s reuse of three
3570:
3569:
3477:artistic concepts
3465:Russian formalism
3191:
3190:
3031:
3030:
2920:Anime music video
2903:
2902:
2895:Statue of Liberty
2693:Musical quotation
2636:Bootleg recording
2580:
2579:
2358:Musical comedians
2321:
2320:
2119:Comedy of manners
2114:Comedy of humours
2104:Boulevard theatre
2092:
2091:
1996:Comédie-Italienne
1991:Comédie-Française
1958:
1957:
1570:The Village Voice
1443:"Barron Knights"
1301:978-0-19-531373-4
1258:Hischak, Thomas.
1238:Hischak, Thomas.
1110:Branscombe, Peter
1036:, 24 October 2006
1006:"Messager, André"
721:Sir Philip Sidney
430:John Brown's Body
260:, which included
16:(Redirected from
3639:
3622:Music and humour
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3389:
3379:
3366:
3197:Related artistic
3163:Imitation in art
3133:Assemblage (art)
3042:
3041:
2841:Combine painting
2829:
2828:
2814:Verbatim theatre
2789:Cut-up technique
2688:Music plagiarism
2626:
2625:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2507:Self-referential
2124:Comedy of menace
1976:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1832:
1831:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1657:
1645:
1634:
1614:
1587:
1584:"About the show"
1581:
1575:
1574:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1540:. Archived from
1527:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1505:, 21 August 2008
1494:
1488:
1487:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1393:"Freberg, Stan"
1390:
1384:
1383:
1370:Kennedy, Michael
1367:
1361:
1360:
1347:Kennedy, Michael
1344:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1207:
1201:
1189:
1183:
1170:
1164:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1024:
1018:
1017:
998:
992:
991:
970:
959:
958:
943:
937:
934:
928:
925:
914:
913:
898:
887:
886:
871:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
837:
822:
801:
793:
778:
774:
768:
764:
758:
737:
731:
726:Defence of Poesy
717:
662:" style of pop.
559:Heartbreak Hotel
385:The Fairy's Kiss
21:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3601:Classical music
3595:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3552:Pirate politics
3525:Derivative work
3478:
3476:
3469:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3344:
3340:Story structure
3335:Stock character
3315:Formula fiction
3303:
3301:
3300:Standard blocks
3294:
3200:
3198:
3187:
3116:
3088:
3037:
3027:
2986:
2915:Abridged series
2899:
2887:Michelangelo's
2879:Michelangelo's
2860:
2825:
2818:
2804:Jukebox musical
2772:
2617:
2611:
2581:
2576:
2548:
2413:
2395:Animated sitcom
2317:
2283:Musical theatre
2233:
2227:
2203:Stand-up comedy
2149:One-person show
2139:Improvisational
2088:
2010:
1954:
1908:Science fiction
1861:
1821:
1742:Comedy festival
1720:
1715:
1680:
1667:
1664:
1662:Further reading
1654:
1619:Hughes, Gervase
1611:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1528:
1524:
1513:
1509:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1351:"Borge, Victor"
1345:
1341:
1335:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1285:"Sherman Allan"
1277:
1273:
1267:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1222:. Muze Inc and
1208:
1204:
1190:
1186:
1180:Wayback Machine
1171:
1167:
1161:Wayback Machine
1152:
1148:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1085:Schwandt, Erich
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1025:
1021:
1015:
999:
995:
989:
971:
962:
956:
944:
940:
935:
931:
926:
917:
911:
899:
890:
884:
872:
865:
857:
853:
845:
841:
835:
823:
804:
794:
790:
781:
775:
771:
765:
761:
738:
734:
718:
714:
705:
668:
630:Orthodox Jewish
548:
516:Peter Schickele
460:
410:
404:
277:The Magic Flute
274:arias. His own
197:
166:
85:
79:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3418:
3413:
3410:De Copia Rerum
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3367:
3356:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3231:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3121:Other concepts
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2945:Re-cut trailer
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Plunderphonics
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Comédie-ballet
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:Street theatre
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Comedic device
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1635:
1615:
1609:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1555:
1522:
1507:
1489:
1460:
1435:
1418:"Weston, Paul"
1410:
1385:
1362:
1339:
1322:"Lehrer, Tom"
1314:
1300:
1282:, ed. (2009).
1271:
1251:
1231:
1202:
1184:
1165:
1146:
1127:
1102:
1077:
1065:
1047:
1038:
1019:
993:
960:
947:"Ballad opera"
938:
929:
915:
888:
863:
851:
847:Kimbrough 1983
839:
802:
787:
780:
779:
769:
759:
732:
711:
704:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
667:
664:
656:Christian rock
547:
544:
459:
456:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
267:CosĂŹ fan tutte
196:
193:
165:
162:
81:Main article:
78:
75:
66:
63:
35:musical parody
26:
18:Parody (music)
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3644:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3563:
3562:Remix culture
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Postmodernism
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3350:Epoch-marking
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Jazz standard
3323:
3321:
3320:Genre fiction
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3297:
3291:
3290:Western canon
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:Genre studies
3273:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Internet meme
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2955:Shot-for-shot
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Found footage
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Sound collage
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Interpolation
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Cover version
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2614:Appropriation
2608:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Ventriloquism
2537:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Observational
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Opéra comique
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Opéra bouffon
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Café-chantant
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Sketch comedy
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
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1777:Impressionist
1775:
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1747:Comedy troupe
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1679:0-252-06938-2
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1653:0-299-09130-9
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1610:0-19-514222-5
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1502:Las Vegas Sun
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1280:Larkin, Colin
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1197:Rolling Stone
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1055:Barnes, Clive
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948:
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908:
903:
902:"Parody (ii)"
897:
895:
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860:
855:
849:, p. xi.
848:
843:
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643:
639:
638:Black Sabbath
635:
631:
627:
626:country music
623:
622:Country Yossi
619:
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611:
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576:
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568:
564:
560:
556:
555:Elvis Presley
552:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:musicological
525:
521:
520:P. D. Q. Bach
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Allan Sherman
493:
491:
487:
486:
481:
480:Calypso music
477:
476:
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469:
465:
462:In the 1940s
455:
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117:Jacob Obrecht
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97:missa super âŠ
94:
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59:
58:parody masses
54:
50:
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47:general style
44:
40:
39:musical ideas
36:
32:
19:
3475:Related non-
3447:
3440:
3433:
3422:
3408:
3397:Theorization
3382:
3372:
3359:
3238:
3153:Found object
3148:DĂ©tournement
2982:YouTube poop
2977:Video mashup
2925:Collage film
2888:
2880:
2871:
2799:Found poetry
2794:Flarf poetry
2703:Parody music
2702:
2683:Music mashup
2658:Contrafactum
2400:Black sitcom
2380:Mockumentary
2352:
2288:Opéra bouffe
2256:Café-théùtre
2241:Ballad opera
2159:Harlequinade
2109:Comedy-drama
1888:Mockumentary
1772:Impersonator
1752:Comic timing
1669:
1641:
1622:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:the original
1535:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1492:
1482:Colin Larkin
1475:
1463:
1453:Colin Larkin
1446:
1438:
1428:Colin Larkin
1421:
1413:
1403:Colin Larkin
1396:
1388:
1377:
1365:
1354:
1342:
1332:Colin Larkin
1325:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1289:
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1254:
1243:
1234:
1220:Colin Larkin
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1041:
1033:The Guardian
1031:
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
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941:
932:
905:
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854:
842:
829:
826:"Parody (i)"
796:
791:
783:
782:
772:
762:
754:
744:
735:
724:
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707:
706:
649:
587:
551:Stan Freberg
549:
513:
509:Victor Borge
494:
483:
473:
461:
442:
426:church music
418:popular song
415:
411:
389:
383:
373:
366:
334:Savoy operas
312:
307:
304:Anna Russell
297:
285:
275:
265:
258:ballad opera
255:
248:
237:
227:
219:Musical Joke
217:
207:
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181:
167:
147:
138:
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128:
124:
120:
109:contrafactum
104:
96:
92:
86:
70:
68:
55:
51:
34:
31:Parody music
30:
29:
3542:Open source
3330:Plot device
3280:Originality
3263:Fan fiction
3128:After (art)
3084:Translation
2940:Parody film
2824:Visual arts
2753:Tribute act
2616:in the arts
2468:Documentary
2464:(dry humor)
2427:Alternative
2405:Teen sitcom
2298:Opera buffa
2273:Light music
2268:Comedy club
2218:Tragicomedy
2183:Shadow play
1114:"Pantomime"
1089:"Burlesque"
1073:Hughes 1959
1002:Andrew Lamb
875:"Borrowing"
672:Comedy rock
634:Mac Sabbath
616:songs in a
567:Jo Stafford
563:Paul Weston
524:Bach family
464:Spike Jones
284:range from
272:opera seria
224:Saint-Saëns
89:parody mass
83:Parody mass
77:Renaissance
3611:Categories
3435:Nachahmung
3421:Dionysian
3361:L.H.O.O.Q.
3285:Simulacrum
3094:Adaptation
3074:Plagiarism
3008:Joke theft
2991:Other arts
2784:Assemblage
2646:Contrafact
2375:Television
2278:Music hall
2223:Vaudeville
2144:Macchietta
2134:Double act
2043:Indonesia
2037:Mo lei tau
2033:Hong Kong
2027:Xiangsheng
1898:Remarriage
1807:Visual gag
1797:Punch line
1792:Prank call
1548:12 October
795:"Parody",
784:References
730:Imitation.
651:Altar Boyz
642:McDonald's
594:Bob Rivers
505:Tom Lehrer
501:Ponchielli
424:and other
422:hymn tunes
391:Pulcinella
380:Stravinsky
348:, Mozart,
174:J. S. Bach
158:Palestrina
115:, such as
49:of music.
3310:Archetype
3302:and forms
3258:Fan labor
3138:Bricolage
3079:Quotation
2967:TV format
2873:Mona Lisa
2768:Vaporwave
2763:Variation
2723:Quodlibet
2718:Potpourri
2708:Pasticcio
2698:Nightcore
2522:Slapstick
2447:Christian
2442:Character
2419:Subgenres
2234:and dance
2154:Pantomime
1940:Slapstick
1913:Screwball
1817:Word play
1631:500626743
1517:Mishpacha
1240:"Jamaica"
1087:, et al.
1060:The Times
859:Boyd 2000
741:Offenbach
658:and the "
646:fast food
540:slapstick
536:classical
448:Bob Dylan
444:Folk song
374:Classical
369:Prokoviev
362:pantomime
332:. In the
326:Meyerbeer
322:Donizetti
314:Offenbach
262:satirical
249:Leningrad
244:raspberry
226:composed
144:achieved.
65:Etymology
41:, and/or
3617:Parodies
3530:Fair use
3423:imitatio
3416:Diegesis
3240:Afflatus
3212:Anti-art
3199:concepts
3143:Citation
3107:Literary
3069:Pastiche
3054:Allusion
3038:concepts
3036:General
2962:Supercut
2748:Standard
2738:Sampling
2622:By field
2562:Category
2497:Physical
2308:Operetta
2082:Sarugaku
1950:Thriller
1842:American
1762:Humorist
1732:Comedian
1621:(1959).
1176:Archived
1157:Archived
974:"Parody"
692:Pastiche
687:Soramimi
666:See also
660:boy band
542:comedy.
518:created
490:operetta
468:Broadway
376:Symphony
338:Sullivan
330:Sondheim
294:Messager
251:Symphony
178:cantatas
150:Victoria
3575:Portals
3455:Pop art
3429:Mimesis
3373:Quixote
3173:Reprise
3112:Theatre
2998:In-joke
2972:Vidding
2836:Collage
2534:Surreal
2462:Deadpan
2348:Hip hop
2246:Cabaret
1972:Country
1964:Theatre
1928:Mexican
1923:Italian
1903:Romance
1878:Fantasy
1857:Italian
1847:British
1835:Country
1593:Sources
751:Berlioz
723:in his
620:style.
575:cabaret
532:Baroque
475:Jamaica
471:musical
346:Bellini
209:da capo
204:Cantata
202:Peasant
180:in his
170:Baroque
164:Baroque
71:parodia
3388:(2010)
3378:(1939)
3365:(1919)
3178:Satire
3168:Mashup
3158:Homage
3064:Parody
3059:Calque
2950:Remake
2733:Riddim
2678:Medley
2668:DJ mix
2572:Portal
2544:Zombie
2527:Topics
2487:Insult
2482:Horror
2457:Cringe
2390:Sitcom
2353:Parody
2077:Rakugo
2072:Owarai
2067:Manzai
2062:KyĆgen
2058:Japan
2052:Ludruk
2047:Lenong
1979:Europe
1945:Stoner
1935:Silent
1893:Parody
1883:Horror
1873:Action
1852:French
1802:Satire
1767:Humour
1725:Topics
1718:Comedy
1676:
1650:
1629:
1607:
1480:. Ed.
1451:. Ed.
1426:. Ed.
1401:. Ed.
1330:. Ed.
1307:23 May
1298:
1218:. Ed.
777:know!"
682:Mashup
618:lounge
612:, and
342:Handel
282:Wagner
234:BartĂłk
214:Mozart
154:Lassus
43:lyrics
3589:Music
3352:works
3270:Genre
3251:Muses
2889:PietĂ
2881:David
2856:Swipe
2809:Trope
2758:Trope
2728:Remix
2629:Music
2512:Shock
2452:Clown
2432:Black
2385:Roast
2370:Radio
2365:Novel
2338:Album
2333:Music
2326:Media
2313:Revue
2232:Music
2097:Genre
2022:China
1866:Genre
1782:Irony
1757:Farce
708:Notes
610:metal
350:Verdi
318:Gluck
290:Fauré
188:modal
127:. In
33:, or
3537:Meme
3404:Dada
3102:Film
2651:list
2517:Sick
2502:Prop
2473:High
2437:Blue
2343:Rock
2198:Spex
2015:Asia
1827:Film
1787:Joke
1674:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1627:OCLC
1605:ISBN
1601:Bach
1550:2014
1309:2021
1296:ISBN
636:, a
614:rock
592:and
557:'s "
534:and
440:").
388:and
378:and
360:and
324:and
299:Ring
292:and
156:and
123:and
2477:low
1918:Sex
1812:Wit
743:'s
606:rap
600:or
454:".
371:'s
306:'s
288:by
236:'s
119:'s
95:or
3613::
3376:"
2475:/
1567:.
1534:.
1499:,
1474:,
1445:,
1420:,
1395:,
1376:,
1353:,
1324:,
1288:.
1262:,
1242:,
1212:,
1194:,
1137:,
1116:,
1091:,
1030:,
1008:.
1004:.
982:,
976:,
963:^
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904:,
891:^
877:,
866:^
828:,
805:^
753:'
608:,
492:.
344:,
336:,
320:,
253:.
152:,
3577::
3369:"
3230:"
3226:"
2606:e
2599:t
2592:v
1710:e
1703:t
1696:v
1682:.
1656:.
1633:.
1613:.
1573:.
1552:.
1472:"
1470:'
1311:.
20:)
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