8683:
848:
988:
5369:
4772:
10699:
383:
295:
1325:
73:
5553:
603:
436:
and winter. Family groups moved every 3â6 days, possibly traveling up to 360 km (220 mi) per year. Diets were often sustaining and rich in protein; clothing was made from a variety of animal hides that were also used for shelter construction. During much of the early and middle Paleo-Indian periods, inland bands are thought to have subsisted primarily through hunting now-extinct
594:. Folsom peoples traveled in small family groups for most of the year, returning yearly to the same springs and other favored locations on higher ground. There they would camp for a few days, perhaps erecting a temporary shelter, making and/or repairing some stone tools, or processing some meat, then moving on. Paleo-Indians were not numerous, and population densities were quite low.
636:. The projectiles are constructed from chipped stones that have a long groove called a "flute". The spear points would typically be made by chipping a single flake from each side of the point. The point was then tied onto a spear of wood or bone. As the environment changed with the ice age ending around 17â13
435:
Late ice-age climatic changes caused plant communities and animal populations to change. Groups moved and sought new supplies as preferred resources were depleted. Small bands utilized hunting and gathering during the spring and summer months, then broke into smaller direct family groups for the fall
359:
The time range of the peopling of the
Americas remains a source of substantial debate. Conventional estimates have it that humans reached North America at some point between 15,000 and 20,000 years ago. However, some groups of humans may have reached South America as early as 25,000 years ago. One of
735:
have generated early dates for wide-ranging Paleo-Indian occupation. Some sites significantly predate the migration time frame of ice-free corridors, thus suggesting that there were additional coastal migration routes available, traversed either on foot and/or in boats. Geological evidence suggests
431:
tool adaptations have been found across the
Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 20 to 60 members of an extended family. Food would have been plentiful during the few warm months of the year. Lakes and rivers were teeming with many species of fish, birds and aquatic
1030:
traditions. These regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, and a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables, and harvested plant foods. Many groups continued to hunt big game but their hunting traditions became more varied and
1009:
in the
Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer, more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers, but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally.
651:
Archaeologists are piecing together evidence that the earliest human settlements in North
America were thousands of years before the appearance of the current Paleo-Indian time frame (before the late glacial maximum 20,000-plus years ago). Evidence indicates that people were living as far east as
432:
mammals. Nuts, berries and edible roots could be found in the forests and marshes. The fall would have been a busy time because foodstuffs would have to be stored and clothing made ready for the winter. During the winter, coastal fishing groups moved inland to hunt and trap fresh food and furs.
422:
territory. The Paleo-Indians would eventually flourish all over the
Americas. These peoples were spread over a wide geographical area; thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making
940:
Evidence from full genomic studies suggests that the first people in the
Americas diverged from Ancient East Asians about 36,000 years ago and expanded northwards into Siberia, where they encountered and interacted with a different Paleolithic Siberian population (known as
532:
The glaciers that covered the northern half of the continent began to gradually melt, exposing new land for occupation around 17,500â14,500 years ago. At the same time as this was occurring, worldwide extinctions among the large mammals began. In North
America,
971:, it has been argued by many authors that hunting by Paleoindians was an important factor in the extinctions, though this suggestion is controversial, with other authors placing the blame on climatic change. In a 2012 survey of archaeologists in
1443:
Archaeological evidence, in fact, recognizes that people started to leave
Beringia for the New World around 40,000 years ago, but rapid expansion into North America didn't occur until about 15,000 years ago, when the ice had literally
3372:
652:
Beringia before 30,000 BCE (32,000 BP). Until recently, it was generally believed that the first Paleo-Indian people to arrive in North
America belonged to the Clovis culture. This archaeological phase was named after the city of
492:
or employed a mixed foraging strategy that included smaller terrestrial game, aquatic animals, and a variety of flora. Paleo-Indian groups were efficient hunters and carried a variety of tools. These included highly efficient
758:
indicates that its population was probably territorial and resided in their river basin for most of the year. Some other South
American groups, on the other hand, were highly mobile and hunted big-game animals such as
4561:
4206:
Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, University of Hamburg,
643:
on short, and around 25â27 Ka BP on the long, many animals migrated overland to take advantage of the new sources of food. Humans following these animals, such as bison, mammoth and mastodon, thus gained the name
4605:
817:
to the high mountains and valleys. The population using them were hunter-gatherers that seemed to remain within a certain circumscribed territory. El Jobo points were probably the earliest, going back to
3511:
364:, with widespread habitation of the Americas during the end of the Last Glacial Period, and more specifically after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum around 16,000 to 13,000 years before present.
3419:
967:
Due to the evidence that Paleoindians hunted now extinct megafauna (large animals), and that following a period of overlap, most large animals across the Americas became extinct as part of the
10590:
3380:
2417:
5357:
224:. This allowed land animals, followed by humans, to migrate south into the interior of the continent. The people went on foot or used boats along the coastline. The dates and routes of the
917:
diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicates that certain Amerindian populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region. The
4226:
Torroni, A.; Schurr, T. G.; Yang, C. C.; Szathmary, E.; Williams, R. C.; Schanfield, M. S.; Troup, G. A.; Knowler, W. C.; Lawrence, D. N.; Weiss, K. M.; Wallace, D. C. (January 1992).
667:
Recent data from a series of archaeological sites throughout the Americas suggest that Clovis (thus the "Paleo-Indians") time range should be re-examined. In particular, sites such as
1031:
meat procurement methods more sophisticated. The placement of artifacts and materials within an Archaic burial site indicated social differentiation based upon status in some groups.
2559:
468:
8663:
5048:
4713:
933:
mutations that are distinct from other Amerindians with various mtDNA mutations. This suggests that the earliest migrants into the northern extremes of North America and
10583:
7251:
5350:
4756:
860:
10599:
4746:
1608:
Pitblado, B. L. (2011-03-12). "A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas".
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7114:
4308:
Svenning, Jens-Christian; Lemoine, Rhys T.; Bergman, Juraj; Buitenwerf, Robert; Le Roux, Elizabeth; Lundgren, Erick; Mungi, Ninad; Pedersen, Rasmus Ă. (2024).
3339:
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4445:
3427:
4050:
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4075:
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4013:
1450:
488:
BP) in North America, is one of the most notable Paleo-Indian archaeological cultures. It has been disputed whether the Clovis culture were specialist
10733:
10728:
10624:
3288:
4310:"The late-Quaternary megafauna extinctions: Patterns, causes, ecological consequences and implications for ecosystem management in the Anthropocene"
3994:
1422:
10743:
10659:
10654:
8723:
5760:
4706:
3154:
deFrance, Susan D.; Keefer, David K.; Richardson, James B.; Alvarez, Adan U. (2010). "Late Paleo-Indian Coastal Foragers: Specialized Extractive".
4232:
Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Departments of Biochemistry and Anthropology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
3602:
10481:
10222:
9818:
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8638:
7284:
6162:
6062:
3537:
615:
3645:
8623:
6683:
5770:
5750:
5272:
4228:"Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations"
4663:
4490:
2533:
10437:
9946:
2574:
619:
10649:
10629:
7600:
7223:
7159:
6057:
5605:
5316:
5161:
4699:
3118:
4632:
406:
Sites in Alaska (eastern Beringia) exhibit some of the earliest evidence of Paleo-Indians, followed by archaeological sites in northern
10783:
10269:
9720:
7099:
6788:
5021:
5016:
4161:"High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas"
265:(large animals), with most large animals across the Americas becoming extinct towards the end of the Paleoindian period as part of the
217:
2172:
953:, which later migrated towards the Beringian region, became isolated from other populations, and subsequently populated the Americas.
8628:
6858:
6648:
6133:
5930:
5725:
5705:
5323:
5074:
3573:
2827:
1329:
2945:
7632:
6753:
5745:
3661:
Oliver, J.R., Alexander, C.S. (2003). Ocupaciones humanas del Plesitoceno terminal en el Occidente de Venezuela. Maguare, 17 83â246
246:, are the primary evidence of the earliest human activity in the Americas. Archeologists and anthropologists use surviving crafted
6548:
5820:
5640:
5575:
5401:
3197:
2970:
1873:
5532:
1775:
6623:
6558:
6538:
5990:
3939:
3910:
968:
373:
303:
266:
5082:
394:) became extinct around 12,000â9,000 years ago due to human-related activities, climate change, or a combination of both. See
10639:
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4615:
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3017:
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1997:
1958:
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1659:
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1538:
1515:
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1398:
891:
377:
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2053:
8716:
8534:
7649:
6126:
5282:
5277:
4309:
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3401:
2634:
5391:
10778:
10671:
10619:
8593:
7644:
7522:
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7119:
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5950:
5795:
5302:
5157:
4981:
4682:
745:
10813:
10808:
10803:
10603:
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6893:
6673:
6498:
5965:
5800:
5790:
5680:
5142:
4971:
4722:
1473:
1041:
887:
550:
99:
890:
experienced two very distinctive genetic episodes: first with the initial peopling of the Americas, and secondly with
10763:
10758:
9847:
8753:
8587:
7656:
4999:
3542:
2805:
749:
10753:
10748:
10634:
10054:
9941:
8408:
8097:
6638:
5700:
5092:
3351:
2054:"Scientists say they've confirmed evidence that humans arrived in the Americas far earlier than previously thought"
974:
505:
made from many sources are found traded or moved to new locations. Stone tools were traded and/or left behind from
2906:
10723:
10466:
9857:
8895:
8709:
8478:
8108:
7790:
7605:
7216:
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6908:
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6628:
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5865:
5685:
5225:
5170:
5132:
5112:
4792:
2860:
1547:
847:
461:
829:
BP and they were used for hunting large mammals. In contrast, the fish-tail points, dating to c. 11,000 B.P. in
8570:
8413:
7261:
7049:
6843:
6818:
6738:
6430:
6174:
5900:
5625:
5499:
5287:
5215:
5205:
5190:
5117:
4958:
3086:
8549:
7825:
4054:
10079:
9609:
8869:
8559:
7800:
7304:
6032:
5910:
5630:
5560:
5373:
5220:
5195:
5175:
5122:
318:, including the dates and routes traveled. The traditional theory holds that these early migrants moved into
251:
124:
8937:
8575:
4010:
2079:"A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data"
1447:
833:, had a much wider geographical distribution, but mostly in the central and southern part of the continent.
10718:
10676:
10074:
9614:
9087:
8653:
8581:
8545:
7615:
7054:
6603:
6073:
5845:
5755:
5200:
5180:
5137:
5127:
5087:
4079:
3124:
1212:
962:
736:
the Pacific coastal route was open for overland travel before 23,000 years ago and after 16,000 years ago.
720:
17:
8763:
813:
BP. The bi-pointed El Jobo projectile points were mostly distributed in north-western Venezuela; from the
9040:
8247:
8119:
7705:
7447:
7256:
7149:
6918:
6503:
6488:
6362:
6037:
5245:
5185:
4934:
4878:
4751:
4640:
4257:
3998:
3314:
3253:
2869:
2426:
2176:
1430:
979:
63% of respondents said that megafauna extinctions were likely the result of a "combination of factors".
395:
3766:"Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration"
10342:
10143:
8474:
8358:
8201:
7209:
6758:
6513:
6000:
5940:
5840:
5775:
5210:
4686:
4499:
2503:
1682:
648:. Pacific coastal groups of the period would have relied on fishing as the prime source of sustenance.
289:
5335:
779:), fish-tail or Magallanes points (various parts of the continent, but mainly the southern half), and
10798:
10788:
10768:
10148:
9963:
6976:
6928:
6022:
4799:
3822:
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1006:
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768:
522:
277:
228:
remain subjects of ongoing debate. It is likely there were three waves of ancient settlers from the
6450:
4284:
3864:
3548:
272:
From 8000 to 7000 BCE (10,000â9,000 BP) the climate stabilized, leading to a rise in population and
254:
by the distribution of blood types, and genetic composition as indicated by molecular data, such as
10337:
9429:
8974:
8181:
7785:
7710:
7587:
7562:
7276:
6863:
6718:
6688:
6247:
6149:
5825:
4873:
4654:
4649:
3642:
3267:
1176:
1095:
315:
269:. The potential role of human hunting in the extinctions has been the subject of much controversy.
225:
9501:
9496:
326:
significantly lowered sea levels. These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct
10454:
10364:
9536:
9303:
9122:
9055:
8787:
8257:
7930:
7427:
7154:
6888:
6878:
6838:
6713:
6445:
6380:
5985:
5509:
5292:
4888:
4820:
4676:
4407:
2537:
1779:
987:
680:
348:, down the Pacific coast to South America. Evidence of the latter would have been submerged by a
8482:
4200:
Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; Bandelt, Hans-JĂŒrgen; NĂžrby, SĂžren (2000).
3815:
3490:
3230:(2004). "The North Atlantic ice-edge corridor: a possible Palaeolithic route to the New World".
1828:
Fladmark, K. R. (January 1979). "Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America".
1010:
Thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like the
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10022:
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9901:
9597:
9338:
9177:
8814:
8748:
8732:
6823:
6543:
6390:
6333:
6267:
6252:
5905:
5810:
5565:
5459:
5434:
3859:
2949:
1015:
942:
668:
494:
299:
30:
This article is about Paleolithic people of the Americas. For Paleolithic people of India, see
7900:
4349:
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019).
4201:
3968:
3734:
3672:
3616:
3080:
2310:
2276:
2237:
2203:
2139:
1944:
1905:
1578:
886:. This allows the historical pattern of mutations to be easily studied. The pattern indicates
288:
Further information on theories of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas:
250:
tools to classify cultural periods. Scientific evidence links Indigenous Americans to eastern
10281:
10217:
10091:
9784:
9710:
9484:
9479:
9417:
9356:
9293:
9241:
9234:
8780:
8403:
8318:
8252:
7885:
7639:
7610:
7409:
7384:
7349:
7017:
6951:
6898:
6793:
6693:
6460:
6425:
6415:
6356:
6017:
5805:
5519:
5494:
5297:
4976:
4883:
4667:
4658:
4463:
4351:"Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas"
3703:
3347:
3003:
2724:
2457:
2344:
2022:
1983:
1552:
1284:
1086:
1050:
1019:
946:
510:
498:
338:
323:
243:
31:
9666:
7537:
5368:
4583:
3844:
2758:
2690:
2599:
2557:
2378:
1676:
1643:
1505:
1467:
1388:
553:
was happening, the late Paleo-Indians would have relied more on other means of subsistence.
10793:
10547:
10498:
10493:
10476:
10471:
10449:
10239:
9953:
9806:
9698:
9602:
9395:
9080:
8879:
8822:
8687:
8554:
8418:
8383:
8303:
7992:
7700:
7595:
7577:
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7201:
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6440:
6312:
5970:
5890:
5255:
5250:
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4419:
4113:
3764:
Balanovsky, Oleg; Gurianov, Vladimir; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; et al. (February 2017).
3491:"Mexican Archaeologists Extract 10,000 Year-Old Skeleton from Flooded Cave in Quintana Roo"
3076:
2597:
2092:
1950:
1584:
1266:
930:
688:
334:
9050:
7880:
3581:
3289:"First people in the Americas came by sea, ancient tools unearthed by Idaho river suggest"
3205:
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2835:
8:
10614:
10537:
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10007:
9840:
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9246:
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9102:
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7314:
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6277:
6242:
6222:
5935:
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5514:
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5424:
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4227:
1911:
1879:
1759:
399:
353:
136:
7512:
4423:
4117:
2096:
2024:
Resilient Cultures: America's Native Peoples Confront European Colonialization 1500â1800
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3512:"Skull in Underwater Cave May Be Earliest Trace of First Americans â NatGeo News Watch"
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1203:
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150:
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2003:
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1989:
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35:
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3914:
2558:
Breitburg, Emanual; John B. Broster; Arthur L. Reesman; Richard G. Strearns (1996).
1783:
780:
322:
between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska 17,000 years ago, at a time when the
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9678:
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4321:
4172:
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4121:
3889:
3869:
3816:"Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas"
3787:
3777:
3709:
3678:
3163:
2647:
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2100:
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1185:
1167:
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1023:
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489:
428:
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239:
107:
10017:
9973:
3268:"National Park Service Southeastern Archaeological Center: The Paleoindian Period"
27:
Classification term given to the first peoples who entered the American continents
10406:
10376:
10138:
10066:
10044:
10002:
9897:
9867:
9732:
9727:
9378:
9261:
8832:
8491:
8170:
8129:
8114:
8077:
8041:
7935:
7830:
7745:
7720:
7681:
7666:
7487:
7324:
7027:
6981:
6733:
6678:
6668:
6528:
6307:
6237:
6232:
6212:
6179:
5885:
5855:
5635:
5615:
5474:
5419:
4944:
4530:
4017:
3649:
3569:
3448:
3245:
3227:
2902:
2692:
Chronology of the American West: from 23,000 B.C.E. through the twentieth century
1946:
50 Great Myths of Human Evolution: Understanding Misconceptions about Our Origins
1771:
1454:
1230:
1068:
1059:
882:
in that the majority of the Y chromosome is unique and does not recombine during
864:
661:
183:
58:
10644:
10515:
10442:
10264:
10229:
10160:
10049:
9921:
9629:
9214:
9204:
9025:
9006:
8422:
8388:
8232:
8207:
8164:
8154:
8144:
8134:
8092:
7875:
7686:
7676:
7369:
7329:
7319:
7109:
7094:
7084:
6723:
6553:
6508:
6405:
6317:
6272:
6091:
5895:
5600:
5585:
5580:
5570:
5454:
5439:
4914:
4904:
4835:
4106:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3995:"First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover - Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News"
1140:
1122:
1027:
926:
910:
724:
700:
640:
587:
542:
478:
457:
415:
349:
344:. An alternative proposed scenario involves migration, either on foot or using
179:
8524:
8508:
8328:
6986:
6118:
4202:"mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos. The Edge of the Beringian Expansion"
3873:
3782:
2795:
2007:
1968:
1929:
1621:
1353:
1248:
382:
195:
10712:
10401:
10386:
10332:
10310:
10207:
10195:
10111:
9980:
9862:
9823:
9811:
9799:
9511:
9422:
9351:
9092:
9035:
9013:
8922:
8854:
8849:
8827:
8378:
8222:
8191:
8159:
8103:
8071:
7910:
7870:
7860:
7855:
7845:
7840:
7775:
7770:
7725:
7289:
6966:
6961:
6853:
6803:
6798:
6783:
6773:
6768:
6518:
6207:
6184:
6086:
5975:
5915:
5720:
5710:
5479:
4909:
4850:
4645:
4374:
4335:
4126:
2659:
1901:
1716:
1543:
1239:
1158:
999:
995:
692:
664:, where they were directly associated with the bones of Pleistocene animals.
221:
163:
115:
8942:
8469:
8465:
7457:
7452:
4177:
4160:
3763:
2459:
The archeology of New Hampshire: exploring 10,000 years in the Granite State
1804:
294:
10681:
10320:
10276:
10257:
10212:
10012:
9936:
9693:
9688:
9644:
9271:
9153:
9117:
9097:
8949:
8927:
8839:
8461:
8437:
8393:
8343:
8338:
8227:
8212:
8196:
8061:
8012:
8007:
7982:
7960:
7925:
7805:
7507:
7442:
7399:
7169:
7124:
7074:
7064:
7044:
7012:
6913:
6868:
6848:
6633:
6613:
6578:
6493:
6478:
6297:
6169:
5960:
5870:
5835:
5780:
5610:
5595:
5102:
4840:
4830:
4825:
4392:
4366:
4186:
3881:
3801:
3618:
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers
3048:
2915:
2278:
Understanding Humans: Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology
2105:
1763:
1729:
1257:
1149:
1104:
764:
728:
684:
657:
579:
541:
eventually died off, the latter not to reappear on the continent until the
506:
471:
445:
247:
146:
86:
78:
10369:
7945:
4145:
2124:
10686:
10359:
10349:
10305:
10300:
10252:
10190:
10153:
10126:
10027:
9997:
9872:
9794:
9715:
9703:
9464:
9449:
9439:
9410:
9368:
9283:
9251:
9199:
9132:
8969:
8844:
8701:
8457:
8447:
8066:
7997:
7850:
7820:
7527:
7419:
7299:
7022:
6903:
6883:
6748:
6608:
6598:
6483:
6227:
6081:
5980:
5860:
5690:
5670:
3740:
1360:
1348:
1275:
1194:
876:
803:
760:
755:
712:
672:
625:
602:
502:
441:
327:
155:
2828:"A brief history of the horse in America: Horse phylogeny and evolution"
2598:
Catherine Anne Cavanaugh; Michael Payne; Donald Grant Wetherell (2006).
590:). The earliest known of these bison-oriented hunting traditions is the
72:
10503:
10396:
10354:
10170:
10133:
10096:
9992:
9579:
9491:
9318:
9219:
9192:
9112:
8910:
8864:
8775:
8743:
8495:
8333:
8313:
7755:
7547:
7309:
7059:
6956:
6828:
6743:
6568:
6067:
5995:
5875:
5815:
5660:
5650:
5365:
4845:
4815:
4446:
Survey of professional opionions regarding the peopling of the Americas
4326:
3643:
Implications of Taima-taima and the Peopling of Northern South America.
2794:
Brantingham, P. Jeffrey; Kuhn, Steven L.; Kerry, Kristopher W. (2004).
2667:
1221:
1077:
906:
879:
856:
526:
449:
307:
276:
advances, resulting in a more sedentary lifestyle during the following
235:
229:
167:
54:
7940:
6658:
3175:
2635:"Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources"
2560:"Coats-Hines Site: Tennessee's First Paleoindian Mastodon Association"
2419:
After the Ice Age : The Return of Life to Glaciated North America
1851:
1302:
918:
632:
fluted spear points, like other spear points, are collectively called
85:; the period's name, the Lithic stage, derives from the appearance of
10411:
10180:
10165:
9763:
9748:
9673:
9656:
9574:
9459:
9400:
9390:
9385:
9308:
9187:
9075:
9001:
8768:
8758:
8516:
8512:
8487:
8237:
7572:
7462:
6833:
6663:
5740:
3422:[Confirm human footprint in Chile as the oldest in America].
2756:
2274:
2201:
2028:
1311:
1293:
934:
899:
830:
776:
775:
The primary examples are populations associated with El Jobo points (
704:
534:
437:
341:
330:
262:
187:
8021:
7691:
5552:
2651:
2137:
1580:
The Emergence of Humans: An Exploration of the Evolutionary Timeline
10185:
10121:
9968:
9926:
9661:
9569:
9444:
9266:
9229:
9209:
8503:
8353:
7895:
7890:
7780:
7760:
7032:
6996:
6946:
6808:
6593:
6027:
5830:
5097:
3167:
2376:
1843:
676:
453:
427:
styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period's
424:
345:
319:
171:
103:
82:
7915:
4563:
The First Americans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World
1805:"The peopling of the Americas: Genetic ancestry influences health"
767:. They used classic bifacial projectile point technology, such as
10247:
10039:
9985:
9931:
9753:
9559:
9469:
9323:
9224:
9182:
9045:
8964:
8917:
8905:
8499:
8036:
7920:
7661:
7557:
7532:
7517:
7437:
7432:
7389:
7364:
7334:
7039:
6523:
6400:
6322:
4687:
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Humanities Center
4159:
Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004).
3420:"Confirman huella humana en Chile como la mås antigua de América"
3045:
The First Americans: In Pursuit of Archaeology's Greatest Mystery
883:
788:
708:
538:
518:
514:
411:
361:
162:
Traditional theories suggest that big-animal hunters crossed the
10598:
7965:
4672:
4307:
3449:"Monte Verde Archaeological Site â UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
10315:
9852:
9830:
9683:
9619:
9564:
8954:
8932:
8900:
8874:
8442:
8432:
7815:
7810:
7735:
7671:
7552:
7502:
7492:
7467:
6385:
4659:
United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service
3153:
1678:
American Indian chronology: chronologies of the American mosaic
991:
732:
501:
used for butchering and hide processing. Projectile points and
467:
191:
4348:
4199:
4158:
2275:
Barry Lewis; Robert Jurmain; Lynn Kilgore (10 December 2008).
791:) at sites in grasslands, savanna plains, and patchy forests.
624:
Paleo-Indians are generally classified by lithic reduction or
10381:
10101:
9835:
9789:
9651:
9506:
9454:
9030:
8996:
8082:
8026:
8017:
7905:
7482:
7129:
3538:"Does skull prove that the first Americans came from Europe?"
3404:[They found the oldest human evidence in Argentina].
1874:"68 Responses to "Sea will rise 'to levels of last Ice Age'""
922:
905:
Human settlement of the Americas occurred in stages from the
872:
868:
716:
610:, from the Paleo-Indian periods in southeastern North America
583:
546:
419:
8664:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7231:
2235:
10327:
10288:
9768:
9624:
9554:
9474:
9346:
8859:
7089:
4492:
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas
2083:
895:
784:
314:
Researchers continue to study and discuss the specifics of
258:. There is evidence for at least two separate migrations.
129:
34:. For other aspects of the prehistory of the Americas, see
4285:"A Genetic Chronicle of the First Peoples in the Americas"
4225:
3514:. Blogs.nationalgeographic.com. 2011-02-18. Archived from
3402:"Encontraron la evidencia humana mĂĄs antigua de Argentina"
9639:
9405:
9363:
2175:. Learners Portal Breton University. 2006. Archived from
894:. The former is the determinant factor for the number of
637:
261:
Paleoindians lived alongside and hunted many now extinct
255:
175:
4607:
First peoples in a new world: colonizing ice age America
4462:
Campbell, Douglas Ian; Whittle, Patrick Michael (2017).
3615:
Cummings, Vicki; Jordan, Peter; Zvelebil, Marek (2014).
2757:
Emory Dean Keoke; Kay Marie Porterfield (January 2005).
2202:
Wm. Jack Hranicky; Wm Jack Hranicky Rpa (17 June 2010).
4677:
The University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology
4076:"Summary of knowledge on the subclades of Haplogroup Q"
2632:
Waguespack, Nicole M.; Surovell, Todd A. (April 2003).
1758:
1497:
374:
Indigenous peoples in Canada § Paleo-Indian period
352:
of more than a hundred meters following the end of the
4721:
3614:
3005:
Paleoindian geoarchaeology of the southern High Plains
1469:
Time before history: the archaeology of North Carolina
902:
present in today's Indigenous Amerindian populations.
8659:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
4465:
Resurrecting Extinct Species: Ethics and Authenticity
3845:"Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world"
2908:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus
2722:
2346:
Warrior Mountains Indian Heritage - Teacher's Edition
843:
Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
316:
Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas
4668:
The University of Alabama, Department of Archaeology
4580:
3695:
2793:
2750:
2370:
2131:
1507:
History of American Indians: Exploring Diverse Roots
956:
333:
along ice-free corridors that stretched between the
4455:
3664:
2536:. University of Alabama Press. 1999. Archived from
2342:
2270:
2268:
2266:
4582:
4489:Salomon, Frank; Schwartz, Stuart B. (1999-12-28).
4406:Grayson, Donald K.; Meltzer, David J. (May 2003).
3608:
3313:
3250:Who Came First? New Clues to Prehistoric Americans
2800:. University of California Press. pp. 41â66.
2633:
2631:
2591:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2797:The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe
2455:
2021:Kicza, John E.; Horn, Rebecca (3 November 2016).
1465:
10710:
3071:
2855:
2308:
2263:
2229:
1711:
1709:
578:BP), the broad-spectrum big game hunters of the
6148:
4585:The Brave New World: A History of Early America
4488:
4461:
3701:
3670:
3603:The Late Pleistocene Cultures of South America.
3469:"CNN.com: Man in Americas Earlier Than Thought"
3225:
2190:
2138:Bruce Elliott Johansen; Barry Pritzker (2008).
1985:21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook
1466:Ward, H. Trawick; Stephen Davis, R. P. (1999).
982:
582:began to focus on a single animal species: the
10739:History of indigenous peoples of North America
8639:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
8624:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
6063:Protection of Native American sites in Florida
4683:Paleoindians and the Great Pleistocene Die-Off
4405:
4051:"New World Settlers Took 20,000-Year Pit Stop"
3082:Ocean: reflections on a century of exploration
3065:
2716:
2688:
2377:Dawn Elaine Bastian; Judy K. Mitchell (2004).
2076:
1936:
1570:
909:, with an initial layover on Beringia for the
616:List of archaeological periods (North America)
360:the few areas of agreement is the origin from
283:
10584:
8717:
7217:
6134:
5351:
4707:
4053:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
3966:
3937:
3908:
2014:
1907:Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project
1706:
1577:Ash, Patricia J.; Robinson, David J. (2011).
1503:
1423:"First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover"
1380:
1330:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
521:. Trade routes also have been found from the
174:). This bridge existed from 45,000 to 12,000
4528:
3757:
3726:
3702:Silverman, Helaine; Isbell, William (2008).
3671:Silverman, Helaine; Isbell, William (2008).
3116:
2992:
2449:
1782:Anthropology Outreach Office. Archived from
1459:
851:Frequency distribution of haplogroup Q-M242.
620:List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)
549:near the end of the 15th century CE. As the
216:BP), ice-free corridors developed along the
6058:Indigenous peoples of the Everglades region
5374:Indigenous peoples of Pre-Columbian Florida
4152:
3960:
3808:
3198:"Alberta History pre 1800 â Jasper Alberta"
2862:The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast
2834:. Canadian Geographic. 2005. Archived from
2302:
1752:
1601:
1576:
1539:"Method and Theory in American Archaeology"
102:who entered and subsequently inhabited the
10591:
10577:
8731:
8724:
8710:
7224:
7210:
6141:
6127:
5358:
5344:
4714:
4700:
3488:
3344:National Historic Landmark summary listing
2729:. Government Printing Office. p. 87.
2723:William C. Sturtevant (21 February 1985).
2534:"Alabama Archaeology: Prehistoric Alabama"
2336:
2205:North American Projectile Points â Revised
1942:
1367:. It is not used in New World archaeology.
1352:specifically refers to the period between
8629:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
6649:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
4559:
4382:
4325:
4259:Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas
4238:(1). Genetics Society of America: 153â162
4176:
4135:
4125:
4068:
4030:"Pause Is Seen in a Continent's Peopling"
3931:
3902:
3863:
3791:
3781:
2849:
2682:
2488:
2486:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2349:. Heart of Dixie Publishing. p. 34.
2114:
2104:
2020:
1894:
1715:
1668:
1642:
1386:
440:. Large Pleistocene mammals included the
306:; figures are in thousands of years ago (
81:, are the earliest known settlers of the
10734:Archaeological cultures of South America
10729:Archaeological cultures of North America
7233:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
4664:Alabama Archaeology: Prehistoric Alabama
4099:
4078:. Genebase Systems. 2009. Archived from
3732:
3039:
2998:
2938:
2789:
2787:
2242:. Oxford University Press. p. 125.
1975:
1827:
1607:
986:
937:derived from later migrant populations.
846:
601:
466:
381:
293:
10744:History of Indigenous peoples in Canada
4603:
4408:"A requiem for North American overkill"
4282:
3315:"Early New World Settlers Rise in East"
3110:
2897:
2895:
2526:
2236:Norman Herz; Ervan G. Garrison (1998).
2141:Encyclopedia of American Indian history
1943:Relethford, John H. (17 January 2017).
1531:
795:The dating for these sites ranges from
14:
10711:
4610:. University of California, Berkeley.
4522:
4093:
4042:
3987:
3705:Handbook of South American Archaeology
3674:Handbook of South American Archaeology
3568:
3311:
3244:
3190:
3117:McHugh, Tom; Hobson, Victoria (1979).
2963:
2492:
2483:
2415:
2404:
2281:. Cengage Learning. pp. 342â348.
2173:"Period 1 (10,000 to 8,000 years ago)"
1722:The Journey of Man â A Genetic Odyssey
969:Late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions
628:"styles" and by regional adaptations.
267:Late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions
170:into the Americas over a land bridge (
10774:Hunter-gatherers of the United States
10572:
9895:
9534:
8800:
8705:
7205:
6122:
5339:
4695:
4535:. Short Hills NJ: Enslow Publishers.
4193:
3842:
2784:
2380:Handbook of Native American mythology
2343:Rickey Butch Walker (December 2008).
2077:Bonatto, S.L.; Salzano, F.M. (1997).
1900:
1878:Center for Climate Systems Research,
1674:
1414:
1390:Chronology of American Indian History
1359:million years ago and the end of the
892:European colonization of the Americas
378:History of Mesoamerica (Paleo-Indian)
77:The Paleo-Indians, also known as the
9896:
4255:
4048:
3578:University of California - San Diego
3286:
2901:
2892:
2763:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 1â.
2604:. University of Alberta. p. 9.
2315:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 589.
2051:
1982:Birx, H. James, ed. (10 June 2010).
1981:
1654:] (in German). Weltbild Verlag.
1510:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 3.
1504:McCoy, R.R.; Fountain, S.M. (2017).
7657:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
7120:Norse colonization of North America
4438:
3379:. Herald Mall Media. Archived from
3219:
2601:Alberta formed, Alberta transformed
2567:Current Research in the Pleistocene
746:Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru
24:
8649:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
7628:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
5551:
4990:
4723:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
4566:. California Academy of Sciences.
4552:
4529:Imbrie, J.; Imbrie, K. P. (1979).
4496:(Digitised online by Google books)
3973:. A&C Black. pp. 101â03.
3942:. Genebase Systems. Archived from
3913:. Genebase Systems. Archived from
3535:
3489:Villarreal, Ignacio (2010-08-25).
3373:"Author Discovers Ceremonial Site"
2912:(Digitised online by Google books)
2866:(Digitised online by Google books)
2760:Trade, Transportation, and Warfare
2726:Handbook of North American Indians
2500:(Digitised online by Google books)
2423:(Digitised online by Google books)
2239:Geological methods for archaeology
1726:(Digitised online by Google books)
1610:Journal of Archaeological Research
1474:University of North Carolina Press
1420:
1393:. Infobase Publishing. p. 3.
1042:Adams County Paleo-Indian District
836:
660:were found in situ at the site of
186:migrated alongside herds of large
25:
10825:
10784:Hunter-gatherers of South America
9848:Megalithic architectural elements
7640:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
7611:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
4626:
4412:Journal of Archaeological Science
3543:The University of Texas at Austin
2456:David R. Starbuck (31 May 2006).
957:Debate about megafauna extinction
750:Pre-Columbian period in Venezuela
597:
141:'old; ancient'. The term
10697:
9535:
8681:
7633:Archaeological sites in Colombia
7606:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
6074:List of shell ring sites#Florida
5367:
4770:
4646:Journey of Mankind â Genetic Map
3940:"Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q"
3911:"Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q"
3377:Archaeology Site Article listing
2975:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples
2312:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
1323:
739:
367:
71:
10467:Evolutionary origin of religion
7616:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
7140:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
4482:
4399:
4342:
4301:
4276:
4249:
4219:
4165:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4022:
3836:
3655:
3635:
3605:Evolutionary Anthropology, 1999
3595:
3562:
3529:
3504:
3482:
3461:
3441:
3412:
3394:
3365:
3332:
3305:
3280:
3260:
3238:
3147:
3033:
2859:; Sassaman, Kenneth E. (1996).
2820:
2625:
2551:
2165:
2070:
2052:Hunt, Katie (October 5, 2023).
2045:
1866:
1821:
1797:
1387:Sonneborn, Liz (January 2007).
481:, appearing around 11,500 BCE (
3736:The Settlement of the Americas
3087:University of California Press
2952:, Archaeological Society. 1998
1636:
1341:
929:populations, however, exhibit
859:most commonly associated with
754:In South America, the site of
153:and is distinct from the term
13:
1:
10080:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
9610:British megalith architecture
8560:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
7621:Archaeological sites in Chile
4581:Peter Charles Hoffer (2006).
4532:Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery
4450:The SAA Archaeological Record
4432:10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4
4256:Raff, Jennifer (2020-06-09).
1374:
819:
807:
796:
568:
557:
482:
206:
62:
10075:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
9615:Nordic megalith architecture
8654:Mesoamerican writing systems
8611:
7650:Archaeological sites in Peru
7105:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
7055:Eastern Agricultural Complex
4468:. Springer. pp. 37â38.
4314:Cambridge Prisms: Extinction
3970:The Incredible Human Journey
3733:Dillehay, Thomas D. (2008).
3426:(in Spanish). Archived from
3125:University of Nebraska Press
3047:. with Jake Page. New York:
2208:. AuthorHouse. p. 135.
1213:Mastodon State Historic Site
983:Transition to archaic period
963:Late Pleistocene extinctions
182:). Small isolated groups of
145:applies specifically to the
130:
7:
8550:Spanish Conquest of YucatĂĄn
6489:Bandelier National Monument
6363:List of Mississippian sites
6150:Pre-Columbian North America
5591:Big Mound Key-Boggess Ridge
5533:North peninsular Gulf coast
4560:Jablonski, Nina G. (2002).
4452:Volume 12, No. 2 March 2012
4102:"The origin of the Na-Dene"
3938:Wendy Tymchuk, ed. (2008).
3909:Wendy Tymchuk, ed. (2008).
3621:. OUP Oxford. p. 418.
3287:Wade, Lizzie (2019-08-29).
3254:National Geographic Society
2870:University of Alabama Press
2427:University Of Chicago Press
2144:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 451â.
1034:
551:Quaternary extinction event
396:Quaternary extinction event
284:Migration into the Americas
10:
10830:
10779:Hunter-gatherers of Canada
10604:Indigenous North Americans
10223:British Isles and Brittany
10144:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
8576:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
8479:Uaxaclajuun UbÊŒaah KÊŒawiil
6909:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
6514:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
6223:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
5841:Ortona Prehistoric Village
4633:Atlas of the Human Journey
4500:Cambridge University Press
4100:Ruhlen M (November 1998).
3947:(Verbal tutorial possible)
3918:(Verbal tutorial possible)
3408:(in Spanish). 21 May 2018.
2504:Cambridge University Press
2496:Prehistory of the Americas
2493:Fiedel, Stuart J. (1992).
1683:Greenwood Publishing Group
1675:White, Phillip M. (2006).
960:
840:
743:
613:
371:
290:Settlement of the Americas
287:
232:to the America continent.
119:
29:
10814:Pre-Columbian archaeology
10809:Pleistocene South America
10804:Pleistocene North America
10695:
10610:
10425:
10238:
10065:
9912:
9908:
9891:
9777:
9741:
9590:
9547:
9543:
9530:
9337:
9168:
9141:
9066:
8992:
8983:
8888:
8813:
8809:
8801:
8796:
8739:
8677:
8619:
8610:
8530:
8453:
8428:
8399:
8374:
8349:
8324:
8299:
8268:
8243:
8218:
8187:
8150:
8125:
8088:
8057:
8032:
8003:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7979:
7974:
7801:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
7586:
7418:
7275:
7239:
7178:
7150:Three Sisters agriculture
7005:
6937:
6469:
6198:
6156:
6100:
6045:
6009:
5544:
5410:
5380:
5311:
5238:
5156:
5073:
5064:
5034:
4957:
4927:
4897:
4866:
4859:
4808:
4779:
4768:
4729:
4604:Meltzer, David J (2009).
3874:10.1080/10409230490460765
3852:Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
3823:University College London
3783:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2
3340:"Meadowcroft Rockshelter"
3010:University of Texas Press
2309:David J. Wishart (2004).
1622:10.1007/s10814-011-9049-y
994:weights and carved stone
523:British Columbia Interior
497:spear points, as well as
51:
10764:History of South America
10759:History of North America
8688:Civilizations portal
7645:Cultural periods of Peru
6689:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
6248:Buttermilk Creek complex
5826:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
5631:Cayson Mound and Village
4673:The Paleoindian Database
4127:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994
3770:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3156:Latin American Antiquity
2971:"Beginnings to 1500 C.E"
1334:
1262:(Archaeological culture)
1177:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
1096:Caverna da Pedra Pintada
951:Ancient Native Americans
586:(an early cousin of the
226:peopling of the Americas
53:Paleo-Indians hunting a
10754:History of the Americas
10749:Native American history
10455:Evolutionary musicology
9858:Oldest extant buildings
9785:Archaeological features
9304:Prepared-core technique
8582:HernĂĄn PĂ©rez de Quesada
7428:Mesoamerican chronology
6889:Town Creek Indian Mound
6859:Sierra de San Francisco
6714:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
3120:The Time of the Buffalo
2695:. ABC-CLIO. p. 9.
2689:Scott C. Zeman (2002).
2383:. ABC-CLIO. p. 6.
1780:Smithsonian Institution
945:), giving rise to both
943:Ancient North Eurasians
681:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
656:, where in 1936 unique
472:Folsom projectile point
106:towards the end of the
10724:Pre-Columbian cultures
10417:Unchambered long cairn
10265:Mound Builders culture
9598:Neolithic architecture
8733:Prehistoric technology
7285:Archaeological periods
6544:Coso Rock Art District
6431:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
6334:List of Hopewell sites
5761:Letchworth-Love Mounds
5706:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
5566:Aqui Esta Burial Mound
5556:
5500:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
4655:The Paleoindian Period
4367:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546
4283:Sapiens (2022-02-08).
3967:Alice Roberts (2010).
3652:bradshawfoundation.com
3574:"Prehistoric Beringia"
3312:Bowers, Bruce (2000).
3204:. 2009. Archived from
2950:University of Manitoba
2106:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1866
1914:Books. pp. 222â.
1555:. 1958. Archived from
1002:
977:Archaeological Record,
898:lineages and founding
888:Indigenous Amerindians
875:), differs from other
852:
793:
611:
474:
403:
311:
300:early human migrations
10092:List of Stone Age art
9294:Microblade technology
9242:Langdale axe industry
8840:Ard / plough
8588:List of Conquistadors
8475:Kʌinich Janaabʌ Pakal
7886:Quebrada de Humahuaca
7305:Caddoan Mississippian
6952:Arlington Springs Man
6794:Portsmouth Earthworks
6018:Manasota Key Offshore
6001:Yon Mound and Village
5776:Mark Pardo Shellworks
5746:Kimball Island Midden
5555:
5044:European colonization
4178:10.1093/molbev/msh009
3348:National Park Service
3077:Noble Shor, Elizabeth
2573:: 6â8. Archived from
2416:Pielou, E.C. (1991).
1951:John Wiley & Sons
1719:; Read, Mark (2002).
1585:John Wiley & Sons
1553:University of Chicago
1453:13 March 2012 at the
1285:Upward Sun River site
1087:Calico Early Man Site
1051:Arlington Springs Man
990:
947:Paleosiberian peoples
907:Bering sea coast line
850:
773:
744:Further information:
605:
511:Northwest Territories
470:
385:
324:Quaternary glaciation
297:
32:South Asian Stone Age
10499:Prehistoric medicine
10494:Prehistoric counting
10477:Prehistoric religion
10472:Paleolithic religion
10450:Behavioral modernity
9807:Causewayed enclosure
9699:Abri de la Madeleine
8823:Neolithic Revolution
8555:Francisco de Montejo
8483:Jasaw Chan KÊŒawiil I
7596:Andean civilizations
7523:Shaft tomb tradition
7160:Transoceanic contact
7050:Container Revolution
6624:Gila Cliff Dwellings
6589:Etowah Indian Mounds
6033:Warm Mineral Springs
5606:Bowers Bluff Middens
4762:Solutrean hypothesis
4057:on February 19, 2008
3252:. Washington, D.C.:
2462:. UPNE. p. 27.
1732:. pp. 138â140.
1316:(Archeological site)
1307:(Archeological site)
1298:(Archeological site)
1289:(Archeological site)
1280:(Archeological site)
1271:(Archeological site)
1267:San Dieguito complex
1244:(Archeological site)
1226:(Archeological site)
1217:(Archeological site)
1208:(Archeological site)
1190:(Archeological site)
1181:(Archeological site)
1154:(Archeological site)
1145:(Archeological site)
1127:(Archeological site)
1100:(Archeological site)
1091:(Archeological site)
1073:(Archeological site)
1064:(Archeological site)
1046:(Archeological site)
931:haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)
689:Bear Spirit Mountain
304:Out of Africa theory
252:Siberian populations
10719:Paleo-Indian period
10538:Prehistoric warfare
9284:Magdalenian culture
9247:Levallois technique
9178:Earliest toolmaking
8521:Manco Inca Yupanqui
7826:Manteño-Huancavilca
7295:Ancestral Puebloans
7080:Green Corn Ceremony
6894:Turkey River Mounds
6684:Lake Jackson Mounds
6504:Blue Spring Shelter
5936:Shell Bluff Landing
5881:Pompano Beach Mound
5821:Myakkahatchee Creek
5771:Madira Bickel Mound
5751:Lake Jackson Mounds
5402:Post-Archaic period
5143:Trinidad and Tobago
4650:Bradshaw Foundation
4641:National Geographic
4637:Genographic Project
4424:2003JArSc..30..585G
4118:1998PNAS...9513994R
3073:Berger, Wolfgang H.
2946:"Folsom Traditions"
2097:1997PNAS...94.1866B
1912:National Geographic
1880:Columbia University
1648:Die ersten Menschen
911:founding population
861:Amerindian genetics
606:Different types of
400:Holocene extinction
354:Last Glacial Period
110:period. The prefix
48:
10489:Origin of language
10482:Spiritual drug use
10392:Rectangular dolmen
10294:Dartmoor kistvaens
10107:Carved stone balls
9819:Circular enclosure
9778:Other architecture
9721:Alp pile dwellings
9309:Solutrean industry
9220:Gravettian culture
8870:Secondary products
8644:Columbian exchange
8634:Portal:Mesoamerica
7786:La Tolita (Tumaco)
7601:Indigenous peoples
7340:Hopewell tradition
7267:Indigenous peoples
7165:Underwater panther
6839:Rosenstock Village
6709:Marmes Rockshelter
6694:L'Anse aux Meadows
5986:Waddells Mill Pond
5931:Shark River Slough
5766:Little Salt Spring
5557:
5303:In popular culture
5054:Columbian exchange
5049:Population history
4780:Mythology/Religion
4327:10.1017/ext.2024.4
4049:Than, Ker (2008).
4035:The New York Times
4016:2012-03-13 at the
3843:Orgel, L. (2004).
3648:2016-04-25 at the
3000:Holliday, Vance T.
2857:Anderson, David G.
2640:American Antiquity
1831:American Antiquity
1433:on 10 October 2012
1421:Viegas, Jennifer.
1365:Eastern Hemisphere
1204:Marmes Rockshelter
1114:Cueva de las Manos
1003:
927:Indigenous Alaskan
853:
654:Clovis, New Mexico
612:
475:
404:
312:
151:Western Hemisphere
44:
10706:
10705:
10650:Eastern Woodlands
10566:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10558:
10557:
10511:Prehistoric music
10460:music archaeology
10117:Cup and ring mark
9942:Clothing/textiles
9887:
9886:
9883:
9882:
9526:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9329:Yubetsu technique
9314:Striking platform
9279:Lithic technology
9164:
9163:
9149:Game drive system
9068:Projectile points
8960:Mortar and pestle
8699:
8698:
8695:
8694:
8669:Pre-Columbian art
8605:
8604:
8599:Francisco Pizarro
8565:Pedro de Alvarado
7881:PucarĂĄ de Tilcara
7199:
7198:
7191:Pre-Columbian era
6992:Spirit Cave mummy
6789:Plum Bayou Mounds
6699:Lynch Quarry Site
6218:Ancient Beringian
6116:
6115:
6108:Pre-Columbian era
6053:Beaver Lake point
5946:Third Gulf Breeze
5756:Lake Pithlachocco
5676:Fort Walton Mound
5333:
5332:
5234:
5233:
5030:
5029:
4953:
4952:
4923:
4922:
4742:Pre-Columbian era
4617:978-0-520-25052-9
4596:978-0-8018-8483-2
4573:978-0-940228-49-8
4542:978-0-226-66811-6
4509:978-0-521-63075-7
4475:978-3-319-69578-5
4444:Amber D. Wheat "
4269:978-1-5387-4971-5
3980:978-1-4088-1091-0
3750:978-0-7867-2543-4
3719:978-0-387-75228-0
3688:978-0-387-75228-0
3628:978-0-19-102526-6
3601:TOM D. DILLEHAY,
3232:World Archaeology
3134:978-0-8032-8105-9
3096:978-0-520-24778-9
3079:(25 April 2009).
3058:978-0-375-50552-2
3019:978-0-292-73114-1
2925:978-1-4000-3205-1
2879:978-0-8173-0835-3
2770:978-0-8160-5395-7
2736:978-0-16-004580-6
2702:978-1-57607-207-3
2611:978-1-55238-194-6
2513:978-0-521-42544-5
2469:978-1-58465-562-6
2436:978-0-226-66812-3
2390:978-1-85109-533-9
2356:978-1-934610-27-5
2322:978-0-8032-4787-1
2288:978-0-495-60474-7
2249:978-0-19-509024-6
2215:978-1-4520-2632-9
2151:978-1-85109-817-0
2038:978-1-315-50987-7
1999:978-1-4522-6630-5
1990:SAGE Publications
1960:978-0-470-67391-1
1953:. pp. 192â.
1921:978-0-7922-6215-2
1883:. 26 January 2009
1766:; Ousley, Steve;
1760:Fitzhugh, William
1739:978-0-8129-7146-0
1692:978-0-313-33820-5
1661:978-3-8289-0741-6
1594:978-1-119-96424-7
1517:978-0-313-38683-1
1483:978-0-8078-4780-0
1400:978-0-8160-6770-1
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
815:Gulf of Venezuela
806:in Venezuela) to
634:projectile points
630:Lithic technology
608:Projectile points
545:reintroduced the
392:American mastodon
388:Mammut americanum
274:lithic technology
240:projectile points
140:
128:
93:
92:
69:
36:Pre-Columbian era
16:(Redirected from
10821:
10799:Pleistocene life
10789:Late Pleistocene
10769:Hunter-gatherers
10701:
10700:
10593:
10586:
10579:
10570:
10569:
10526:Divje Babe flute
10433:Archaeoastronomy
10176:Petrosomatoglyph
9910:
9909:
9893:
9892:
9742:Water management
9545:
9544:
9532:
9531:
9435:Denticulate tool
9257:Lithic reduction
8990:
8989:
8811:
8810:
8798:
8797:
8726:
8719:
8712:
8703:
8702:
8686:
8685:
8684:
8608:
8607:
8594:Spanish Conquest
8571:Spanish Conquest
8546:Spanish Conquest
8535:Spanish Conquest
7977:
7976:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7203:
7202:
7135:Projectile point
6972:Leanderthal Lady
6899:Upward Sun River
6874:Stallings Island
6864:Shell ring sites
6814:Recapture Canyon
6729:Moorehead Circle
6574:El Fin del Mundo
6559:Cueva de la Olla
6365:
6352:Maritime Archaic
6336:
6166:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6120:
6119:
6076:
5656:Devil's Den Cave
5621:Butcherpen Mound
5576:Bear Lake Mounds
5535:
5528:
5388:
5372:
5371:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5071:
5070:
4988:
4987:
4864:
4863:
4806:
4805:
4774:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4621:
4600:
4588:
4577:
4547:
4546:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4497:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4459:
4453:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4355:Science Advances
4346:
4340:
4339:
4329:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4129:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4026:
4020:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3997:. Archived from
3991:
3985:
3984:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3867:
3849:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:73:524â539. 2003
3820:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3785:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3710:Springer Science
3699:
3693:
3692:
3679:Springer Science
3668:
3662:
3659:
3653:
3641:José R. Oliver,
3639:
3633:
3632:
3612:
3606:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3580:. Archived from
3570:Jordan, David K.
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3547:. Archived from
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3350:. Archived from
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3317:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3246:Lauber, Patricia
3242:
3236:
3235:
3228:Stanford, Dennis
3226:Bradley, Bruce;
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2977:. Archived from
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2913:
2903:Mann, Charles C.
2899:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2564:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2501:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2424:
2413:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2199:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2108:
2091:(5): 1866â1871.
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1772:Stanford, Dennis
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1727:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1652:The first people
1644:Burenhult, Göran
1640:
1634:
1633:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1463:
1457:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1429:. Archived from
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1384:
1368:
1358:
1345:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1186:Lindenmeier site
1180:
1171:
1168:Leanderthal Lady
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1132:Folsom Tradition
1126:
1118:(Cave paintings)
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
828:
824:
821:
812:
809:
801:
798:
646:big-game hunters
592:Folsom tradition
577:
573:
570:
566:
562:
559:
525:to the coast of
490:big-game hunters
487:
484:
462:ancient reindeer
429:lithic reduction
408:British Columbia
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
184:hunter-gatherers
135:
133:
123:
121:
108:Late Pleistocene
75:
67:
64:
52:
49:
43:
21:
10829:
10828:
10824:
10823:
10822:
10820:
10819:
10818:
10709:
10708:
10707:
10702:
10698:
10693:
10625:Northwest Coast
10606:
10597:
10567:
10554:
10421:
10407:Stone box grave
10377:Megalithic tomb
10282:Cotswold-Severn
10234:
10139:Guardian stones
10067:Prehistoric art
10061:
9904:
9879:
9868:Timber trackway
9773:
9737:
9733:Wattle and daub
9586:
9565:Standing stones
9539:
9518:
9333:
9160:
9137:
9062:
8979:
8889:Food processing
8884:
8833:New World crops
8805:
8792:
8735:
8730:
8700:
8691:
8682:
8680:
8673:
8615:
8606:
8596:
8585:
8579:
8573:
8562:
8558:
8552:
8548:
8537:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8492:Quemuenchatocha
8490:
8481:
8477:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8421:
8290:
8199:
8173:
8162:
8109:Human Sacrifice
8106:
8098:Human Sacrifice
8095:
8069:
8042:Mayan Languages
7970:
7582:
7414:
7271:
7252:Genetic history
7235:
7230:
7200:
7195:
7186:Genetic history
7174:
7028:Ceremonial pipe
7001:
6982:Minnesota Woman
6939:
6933:
6754:Ocmulgee Mounds
6734:Morrison Mounds
6679:Kolomoki Mounds
6669:Kimball Village
6529:Candelaria Cave
6471:
6465:
6446:Suwannee Valley
6381:Old Cordilleran
6361:
6332:
6200:
6194:
6160:
6152:
6147:
6117:
6112:
6096:
6072:
6041:
6011:
6005:
5991:Wakulla Springs
5971:Upper Tampa Bay
5886:Portavant Mound
5856:Persimmon Mound
5801:Mount Elizabeth
5546:
5540:
5531:
5524:
5510:Suwannee Valley
5412:
5406:
5384:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5334:
5329:
5307:
5230:
5152:
5066:
5060:
5036:
5026:
4986:
4949:
4919:
4893:
4855:
4804:
4793:List of deities
4775:
4766:
4725:
4720:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4597:
4574:
4555:
4553:Further reading
4550:
4543:
4527:
4523:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4460:
4456:
4443:
4439:
4404:
4400:
4347:
4343:
4306:
4302:
4293:
4291:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4254:
4250:
4241:
4239:
4224:
4220:
4211:
4209:
4198:
4194:
4157:
4153:
4112:(23): 13994â6.
4098:
4094:
4085:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4060:
4058:
4047:
4043:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4018:Wayback Machine
4004:
4002:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3965:
3961:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3903:
3894:
3892:
3865:10.1.1.537.7679
3847:
3841:
3837:
3828:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3743:. p. 209.
3731:
3727:
3720:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3681:. p. 433.
3669:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3650:Wayback Machine
3640:
3636:
3629:
3613:
3609:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3585:
3567:
3563:
3554:
3552:
3536:Connor, Steve.
3534:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3496:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3384:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3357:
3355:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3295:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3243:
3239:
3234:. Vol. 34.
3224:
3220:
3211:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3089:. p. 397.
3070:
3066:
3059:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3020:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2911:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2839:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2792:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2687:
2683:
2652:10.2307/3557083
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2596:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2491:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2414:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2273:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2019:
2015:
2000:
1980:
1976:
1961:
1941:
1937:
1922:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1776:"Paleoamerican"
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1714:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1641:
1637:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1587:. p. 289.
1575:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1548:Philip Phillips
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1464:
1460:
1455:Wayback Machine
1436:
1434:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1276:Sandia Man Cave
1253:(Human remains)
1235:(Human remains)
1199:(Human remains)
1172:(Human remains)
1163:(Human remains)
1136:(Culture group)
1109:(Culture group)
1082:(Human remains)
1069:Borax Lake Site
1060:Blackwater Draw
1055:(Human remains)
1037:
985:
965:
959:
915:micro-satellite
865:Haplogroup Q-M3
845:
839:
837:Archaeogenetics
826:
822:
810:
799:
769:Fishtail points
752:
742:
662:Blackwater Draw
622:
614:Main articles:
600:
575:
571:
564:
560:
485:
380:
370:
292:
286:
238:, particularly
220:and valleys of
213:
209:
202:
198:
178:(47,000â14,000
114:comes from the
76:
70:
65:
59:Heinrich Harder
57:
47:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10827:
10817:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10704:
10703:
10696:
10694:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10684:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10657:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10611:
10608:
10607:
10600:Cultural areas
10596:
10595:
10588:
10581:
10573:
10564:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10552:
10551:
10550:
10540:
10535:
10534:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10516:Alligator drum
10508:
10507:
10506:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10464:
10463:
10462:
10452:
10447:
10446:
10445:
10443:lunar calendar
10440:
10429:
10427:
10426:Other cultural
10423:
10422:
10420:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10373:
10372:
10367:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10346:
10345:
10340:
10330:
10325:
10324:
10323:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10297:
10296:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10274:
10273:
10272:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10255:
10244:
10242:
10236:
10235:
10233:
10232:
10230:Venus figurine
10227:
10226:
10225:
10220:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10199:
10198:
10193:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10161:Megalithic art
10158:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10130:
10129:
10119:
10114:
10112:Cave paintings
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10077:
10071:
10069:
10063:
10062:
10060:
10059:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
9995:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9978:
9977:
9976:
9971:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9918:
9916:
9914:Material goods
9906:
9905:
9889:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9878:
9877:
9876:
9875:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9844:
9843:
9833:
9828:
9827:
9826:
9816:
9815:
9814:
9804:
9803:
9802:
9792:
9787:
9781:
9779:
9775:
9774:
9772:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9745:
9743:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9724:
9723:
9713:
9708:
9707:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9670:
9669:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9648:
9647:
9637:
9632:
9630:Cliff dwelling
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9606:
9605:
9594:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9585:
9584:
9583:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9562:
9557:
9551:
9549:
9541:
9540:
9528:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9514:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9488:
9487:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9426:
9425:
9415:
9414:
9413:
9408:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9382:
9381:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9360:
9359:
9349:
9343:
9341:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9275:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9238:
9237:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9215:Fire hardening
9212:
9207:
9205:Clovis culture
9202:
9197:
9196:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9174:
9172:
9166:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9158:
9157:
9156:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9130:
9128:Manis Mastodon
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9072:
9070:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9060:
9059:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9028:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9007:throwing stick
8999:
8993:
8987:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8940:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8836:
8835:
8830:
8819:
8817:
8807:
8806:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8784:
8783:
8773:
8772:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8729:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8706:
8697:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8678:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8603:
8602:
8591:
8568:
8543:
8532:
8528:
8527:
8506:
8485:
8472:
8455:
8454:Notable Rulers
8451:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8426:
8425:
8423:Neo-Inca State
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8372:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8347:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8322:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8297:
8296:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8266:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8241:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8216:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8194:
8189:
8185:
8184:
8179:
8168:
8157:
8152:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8101:
8090:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8064:
8059:
8055:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8001:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7653:
7652:
7642:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7592:
7590:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7424:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7236:
7229:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7206:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7110:Mound Builders
7107:
7102:
7097:
7095:Medicine wheel
7092:
7087:
7085:Horned Serpent
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6943:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6824:Roberts Island
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6759:Old Stone Fort
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6724:Moaning Cavern
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6674:Kincaid Mounds
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6554:Cuarenta Casas
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6509:Bluefish Caves
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6470:Archaeological
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6367:
6366:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6268:Caloosahatchee
6265:
6260:
6255:
6253:Caborn-Welborn
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6199:Archaeological
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6123:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6092:Suwannee point
6089:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:Roberts Island
5903:
5898:
5896:Princess Mound
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5731:Josslyn Island
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5666:Douglass Beach
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5586:Big Mound City
5583:
5581:Big Heart West
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5550:
5548:
5545:Archaeological
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5529:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5460:Leon-Jefferson
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:Caloosahatchee
5432:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5411:Archaeological
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5397:Archaic period
5394:
5389:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5340:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5242:
5240:
5239:Related topics
5236:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4836:Medicine wheel
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:Classification
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4680:
4670:
4661:
4652:
4643:
4628:
4627:External links
4625:
4623:
4622:
4616:
4601:
4595:
4578:
4572:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4521:
4508:
4481:
4474:
4454:
4437:
4418:(5): 585â593.
4398:
4341:
4300:
4275:
4268:
4248:
4218:
4192:
4151:
4092:
4067:
4041:
4038:. 13 Mar 2014.
4021:
3986:
3979:
3959:
3930:
3901:
3835:
3807:
3756:
3749:
3725:
3718:
3712:. p. 35.
3694:
3687:
3663:
3654:
3634:
3627:
3607:
3594:
3561:
3528:
3503:
3493:. Artdaily.com
3481:
3460:
3440:
3411:
3393:
3364:
3354:on 11 May 2015
3331:
3304:
3293:Science | AAAS
3279:
3259:
3237:
3218:
3202:Jasper Alberta
3189:
3168:10.2307/972087
3162:(4): 413â426.
3146:
3133:
3109:
3095:
3064:
3057:
3051:. p. 14.
3041:Adovasio, J.M.
3032:
3018:
3012:. p. 15.
2991:
2962:
2937:
2924:
2905:(2006-10-10).
2891:
2878:
2848:
2819:
2806:
2783:
2769:
2749:
2735:
2715:
2701:
2681:
2646:(2): 333â352.
2624:
2610:
2590:
2550:
2525:
2512:
2482:
2468:
2448:
2435:
2403:
2389:
2369:
2355:
2335:
2321:
2301:
2287:
2262:
2248:
2228:
2214:
2189:
2164:
2150:
2130:
2069:
2044:
2037:
2027:(2 ed.).
2013:
1998:
1974:
1959:
1935:
1920:
1902:Wells, Spencer
1893:
1865:
1844:10.2307/279189
1820:
1796:
1751:
1738:
1717:Wells, Spencer
1705:
1691:
1667:
1660:
1635:
1616:(4): 327â375.
1600:
1593:
1569:
1530:
1516:
1496:
1482:
1458:
1427:Discovery News
1413:
1399:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1319:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1141:Fort Rock Cave
1138:
1129:
1123:East Fork Site
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1007:Archaic period
984:
981:
961:Main article:
958:
955:
841:Main article:
838:
835:
741:
738:
725:South Carolina
669:Cooper's Ferry
599:
598:Classification
596:
588:American bison
479:Clovis culture
458:woolly mammoth
418:region of the
416:Old Crow Flats
369:
366:
350:sea-level rise
285:
282:
278:Archaic Period
91:
90:
79:Lithic peoples
45:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10826:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
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10717:
10716:
10714:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10612:
10609:
10605:
10601:
10594:
10589:
10587:
10582:
10580:
10575:
10574:
10571:
10549:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10512:
10509:
10505:
10502:
10501:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10469:
10468:
10465:
10461:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10424:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10402:Simple dolmen
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10387:Passage grave
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10362:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10335:
10334:
10333:Gallery grave
10331:
10329:
10326:
10322:
10319:
10318:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10295:
10292:
10291:
10290:
10287:
10283:
10280:
10279:
10278:
10275:
10271:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10263:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10250:
10249:
10248:Burial mounds
10246:
10245:
10243:
10241:
10237:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10208:Statue menhir
10206:
10204:
10201:
10197:
10196:Stone carving
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10146:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10128:
10125:
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10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
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10090:
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10082:
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10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10068:
10064:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10035:Sewing needle
10033:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9983:
9982:
9979:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9948:
9945:
9944:
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9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9919:
9917:
9915:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9899:
9894:
9890:
9874:
9871:
9870:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9863:Timber circle
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9842:
9839:
9838:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9820:
9817:
9813:
9812:Tor enclosure
9810:
9809:
9808:
9805:
9801:
9800:fulacht fiadh
9798:
9797:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9776:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9740:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9722:
9719:
9718:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9668:
9665:
9664:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9604:
9601:
9600:
9599:
9596:
9595:
9593:
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9578:
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9550:
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9529:
9513:
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9509:
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9503:
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9498:
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9486:
9483:
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9478:
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9473:
9471:
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9443:
9441:
9438:
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9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9340:
9336:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9150:
9147:
9146:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9069:
9065:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9036:spear-thrower
9034:
9033:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9015:
9014:Bow and arrow
9012:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8923:Grinding slab
8921:
8919:
8916:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8887:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8855:Domestication
8853:
8851:
8850:Digging stick
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8828:Founder crops
8826:
8825:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8812:
8808:
8804:
8799:
8795:
8789:
8786:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8774:
8770:
8769:New Stone Age
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8746:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8738:
8734:
8727:
8722:
8720:
8715:
8713:
8708:
8707:
8704:
8690:
8689:
8676:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8609:
8600:
8595:
8592:
8589:
8583:
8577:
8572:
8569:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8541:
8540:Hernån Cortés
8536:
8533:
8529:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8480:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8427:
8424:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8398:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8323:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8298:
8294:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8242:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8203:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8177:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8124:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8110:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7978:
7973:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7626:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7588:South America
7585:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7411:
7410:Weeden Island
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7385:Poverty Point
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7350:Mississippian
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7277:North America
7274:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7247:Paleo-Indians
7245:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7227:
7222:
7220:
7215:
7213:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7070:Falcon dancer
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7006:Miscellaneous
7004:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6977:Melbourne Man
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6967:La Brea Woman
6965:
6963:
6962:Kennewick Man
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6936:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6854:Serpent Mound
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Pueblo Bonito
6802:
6800:
6799:Poverty Point
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6784:Pinson Mounds
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:Painted Bluff
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6654:Horr's Island
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6584:Effigy Mounds
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6549:Crystal River
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6462:
6461:Weeden Island
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6426:Safety Harbor
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6416:Poverty Point
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:Paleo-Indians
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6357:Mississippian
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6139:
6137:
6132:
6130:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6087:Simpson point
6085:
6083:
6080:
6075:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6046:Miscellaneous
6044:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6023:Melbourne Man
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5976:Useppa Island
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5926:Safety Harbor
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Rookery Mound
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5721:Indian Fields
5719:
5717:
5716:Horr's Island
5714:
5712:
5711:Hinson Mounds
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5696:Halfway Creek
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5641:Crystal River
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:Apalachee Bay
5559:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5543:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5520:Weeden Island
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:Safety Harbor
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Paleo-Indians
5483:
5481:
5480:Orange period
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5361:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5158:South America
5155:
5149:
5148:United States
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5075:North America
5072:
5069:
5065:Modern groups
5063:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5033:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:South America
4926:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4851:Turtle Island
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:North America
4807:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4773:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4737:Paleo-Indians
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4712:
4710:
4705:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4619:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:. JHU Press.
4587:
4586:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4544:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4525:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4208:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4171:(1): 164â75.
4170:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4096:
4082:on 2011-05-10
4081:
4077:
4071:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4001:on 2012-10-10
4000:
3996:
3990:
3982:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3963:
3949:on 2010-04-21
3945:
3941:
3934:
3920:on 2010-06-22
3916:
3912:
3905:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3858:(2): 99â123.
3857:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3824:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3667:
3658:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3604:
3598:
3584:on 2014-02-12
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3551:on 2004-03-02
3550:
3546:
3545:â Web Central
3544:
3539:
3532:
3518:on 2011-02-26
3517:
3513:
3507:
3492:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3450:
3444:
3430:on 2019-04-27
3429:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3383:on 2018-11-09
3382:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3208:on 2016-03-13
3207:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2981:on 2010-12-06
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2838:on 2014-08-19
2837:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2809:
2807:9780520238510
2803:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2788:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2580:on 2016-03-04
2576:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2540:on 2010-06-13
2539:
2535:
2529:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:on 2011-07-13
2178:
2174:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1786:on 2009-01-05
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:Goddard, Ives
1761:
1755:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1694:
1688:
1685:. p. 1.
1684:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1559:on 2012-06-28
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:Gordon Willey
1540:
1534:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1476:. p. 2.
1475:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1240:Paisley Caves
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1159:Kennewick Man
1157:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1001:
1000:Poverty Point
997:
993:
989:
980:
978:
976:
970:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
849:
844:
834:
832:
827: 12,980
823: 14,200
816:
811: 10,000
805:
800: 14,000
792:
790:
786:
782:
781:Paijan points
778:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
751:
747:
740:South America
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:West Virginia
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
658:Clovis points
655:
649:
647:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
617:
609:
604:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576: 11,500
572: 12,500
561: 10,500
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
486: 13,500
480:
473:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:steppe wisent
443:
439:
433:
430:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
379:
375:
368:Periodization
365:
363:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
309:
305:
302:based on the
301:
296:
291:
281:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
248:lithic flaked
245:
241:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
222:North America
219:
218:Pacific coast
214: 15,500
210: 18,500
203: 13,500
199: 16,500
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Bering Strait
160:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:lithic period
144:
143:Paleo-Indians
138:
132:
126:
117:
116:Ancient Greek
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:first peoples
97:
96:Paleo-Indians
88:
87:lithic flaked
84:
80:
74:
61:(1858â1935),
60:
56:
50:
46:Paleo-Indians
37:
33:
19:
10682:Aridoamerica
10660:Southeastern
10655:Northeastern
10343:wedge-shaped
10328:Funeral pyre
10321:Great dolmen
10277:Chamber tomb
10258:Round barrow
10213:Stone circle
10085:Blombos Cave
10013:Grooved ware
9937:Chalcolithic
9841:Thornborough
9759:Flush toilet
9694:Blombos Cave
9689:Rock shelter
9645:Quiggly hole
9537:Architecture
9512:illustration
9154:Buffalo jump
8975:Storage pits
8938:AĆıklı HöyĂŒk
8928:Ground stone
8764:Subdivisions
8679:
8612:
8462:Moctezuma II
8419:Inca history
8344:Andean Music
8288:Architecture
8283:Architecture
8278:Architecture
8273:Architecture
8269:Architecture
8263:Gender Roles
8008:Tenochtitlan
7931:TimotoâCuica
7926:Tierradentro
7711:CasmaâSechin
7443:Chalcatzingo
7246:
7170:Water glyphs
7125:Oasisamerica
7115:N.A.G.P.R.A.
7075:Folsom point
7065:Effigy mound
7045:Clovis point
7013:Aridoamerica
6914:Wickiup Hill
6869:Spiro Mounds
6849:Salmon Ruins
6844:Russell Cave
6639:Helen Blazes
6634:Grimes Point
6614:Fort Juelson
6604:Fort Ancient
6579:El Vallecito
6539:Chaco Canyon
6479:Angel Mounds
6441:Steed-Kisker
6395:
6391:Paleo-Arctic
6313:Glacial Kame
6298:Fort Ancient
6190:Post-Classic
6161:
5961:Turtle Mound
5956:Turner River
5951:Thomas Creek
5941:Spruce Creek
5921:Ross Hammock
5891:Porter's Bar
5871:Platt Island
5836:Ormond Mound
5811:Mount Taylor
5781:Miami Circle
5736:Jungle Prada
5726:J&J Hunt
5701:Helen Blazes
5686:Garden Patch
5611:Bubba Midden
5596:Bird Hammock
5484:
5470:Mount Taylor
5392:Paleoindians
5385:
5322:
5315:
5037:colonization
4841:The red road
4831:Medicine man
4826:Great Spirit
4736:
4606:
4584:
4562:
4531:
4524:
4513:. Retrieved
4491:
4484:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4440:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4292:. Retrieved
4288:
4278:
4258:
4251:
4240:. Retrieved
4235:
4231:
4221:
4210:. Retrieved
4205:
4195:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4084:. Retrieved
4080:the original
4070:
4059:. Retrieved
4055:the original
4044:
4033:
4024:
4003:. Retrieved
3999:the original
3989:
3969:
3962:
3951:. Retrieved
3944:the original
3933:
3922:. Retrieved
3915:the original
3904:
3893:. Retrieved
3855:
3851:
3838:
3827:. Retrieved
3810:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3735:
3728:
3704:
3697:
3673:
3666:
3657:
3637:
3617:
3610:
3597:
3586:. Retrieved
3582:the original
3564:
3553:. Retrieved
3549:the original
3541:
3531:
3520:. Retrieved
3516:the original
3506:
3495:. Retrieved
3484:
3473:. Retrieved
3471:. 2004-11-18
3463:
3452:. Retrieved
3443:
3432:. Retrieved
3428:the original
3423:
3414:
3405:
3396:
3385:. Retrieved
3381:the original
3376:
3367:
3356:. Retrieved
3352:the original
3343:
3334:
3323:. Retrieved
3320:Science News
3319:
3307:
3296:. Retrieved
3292:
3282:
3271:. Retrieved
3262:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3221:
3210:. Retrieved
3206:the original
3201:
3192:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3138:. Retrieved
3119:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3081:
3067:
3049:Random House
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3004:
2994:
2983:. Retrieved
2979:the original
2974:
2965:
2954:. Retrieved
2940:
2929:. Retrieved
2916:Random House
2907:
2883:. Retrieved
2861:
2851:
2840:. Retrieved
2836:the original
2831:
2822:
2811:. Retrieved
2796:
2774:. Retrieved
2759:
2752:
2740:. Retrieved
2725:
2718:
2706:. Retrieved
2691:
2684:
2643:
2639:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2600:
2593:
2582:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2570:
2566:
2553:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:the original
2528:
2517:. Retrieved
2495:
2473:. Retrieved
2458:
2451:
2440:. Retrieved
2418:
2394:. Retrieved
2379:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2345:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2311:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2277:
2253:. Retrieved
2238:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2204:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2140:
2133:
2088:
2082:
2072:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2023:
2016:
1984:
1977:
1945:
1938:
1906:
1896:
1885:. Retrieved
1877:
1868:
1838:(1): 55â69.
1835:
1829:
1823:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:
1799:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1768:Owsley, Doug
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1730:Random House
1721:
1696:. Retrieved
1677:
1670:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1579:
1572:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:the original
1542:
1533:
1523:November 13,
1521:. Retrieved
1506:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1468:
1461:
1442:
1437:November 18,
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1426:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1389:
1382:
1347:
1343:
1321:
1258:Post Pattern
1150:Hiscock Site
1105:Cody complex
1004:
972:
966:
939:
904:
854:
794:
774:
765:giant sloths
761:gomphotheres
753:
729:Quintana Roo
685:Pennsylvania
666:
650:
645:
623:
580:Great Plains
565: 9,500
555:
531:
507:North Dakota
503:hammerstones
495:fluted-style
476:
450:giant muskox
442:giant beaver
434:
405:
387:
358:
313:
271:
260:
234:
161:
154:
142:
111:
95:
94:
89:stone tools.
41:Ethnic group
18:Paleo-Indian
10794:Mesoamerica
10687:Mesoamerica
10640:Great Basin
10365:unchambered
10360:Long barrow
10350:Grave goods
10306:Court cairn
10301:Clava cairn
10253:Bowl barrow
10191:Rock cupule
10134:Golden hats
10127:Hill figure
10028:Unstan ware
10008:Cord-marked
9873:Sweet Track
9795:Burnt mound
9716:Stilt house
9704:Sibudu Cave
9497:Tally stick
9465:Quern-stone
9450:Hammerstone
9440:Fire plough
9411:Pesse canoe
9369:Bannerstone
9339:Other tools
9252:Lithic core
9200:Aurignacian
9088:Bare Island
8970:Quern-stone
8525:TĂșpac Amaru
8509:Manco CĂĄpac
8458:Moctezuma I
8369:Agriculture
8364:Agriculture
8359:Agriculture
8350:Agriculture
8293:Road System
8182:Mathematics
8047:Muysc Cubun
7901:San AgustĂn
7851:Monte Verde
7528:Teotihuacan
7420:Mesoamerica
7315:Coles Creek
7300:Anishinaabe
7257:Archaeology
7155:Thunderbird
7023:Black drink
6987:Peñon woman
6924:Winterville
6904:Velda Mound
6884:Taos Pueblo
6779:Parkin Park
6764:Orwell site
6749:Nodena site
6644:Holly Bluff
6619:Four Mounds
6609:Fort Center
6534:Casa Grande
6484:Anzick site
6376:Monongahela
6303:Fort Walton
6278:Coles Creek
6243:Belle Glade
6228:Anishinaabe
6082:Shell works
5981:Velda Mound
5966:Twin Mounds
5851:Page-Ladson
5806:Mount Royal
5791:Monroe Lake
5691:Green Mound
5681:Galt Island
5671:Fort Center
5515:Swift Creek
5450:Fort Walton
5425:Belle Glade
5246:Ethnobotany
5103:El Salvador
5005:Visual arts
4874:Cosmovision
4860:Mesoamerica
4821:Fifth World
4787:Mythologies
4752:Archaeology
4730:Pre-history
3741:Basic Books
3406:Universidad
3102:29 November
3025:29 November
2918:of Canada.
2776:29 November
2742:29 November
2708:29 November
2617:29 November
2475:29 November
2396:29 November
2362:29 November
2328:29 November
2294:29 November
2255:29 November
2221:29 November
2157:29 November
1698:29 November
1489:29 November
1406:29 November
1361:Pleistocene
1349:Paleolithic
1249:Peñon woman
1195:Luzia Woman
880:chromosomes
804:Taima-Taima
756:Monte Verde
713:Monte Verde
673:Cactus Hill
626:lithic core
499:microblades
339:Cordilleran
328:pleistocene
236:Stone tools
156:Paleolithic
118:adjective:
66: 1920
10713:Categories
10635:California
10504:trepanning
10397:Ring cairn
10355:Jar burial
10338:transepted
10270:U.S. sites
10171:Petroglyph
10097:Bird stone
10055:wine press
9728:Stone roof
9711:Roundhouse
9603:long house
9580:Stonehenge
9548:Ceremonial
9492:Stone tool
9319:Tool stone
9289:Metallurgy
9193:Mousterian
9170:Toolmaking
9108:Cumberland
9081:Transverse
9051:Schöningen
8943:Qesem cave
8911:Earth oven
8865:Irrigation
8776:Technology
8744:Prehistory
8496:Tisquesusa
8470:Cuauhtémoc
8466:CuitlĂĄhuac
7796:Lauricocha
7766:Gran Chaco
7756:Cupisnique
7741:Chinchorro
7716:Chachapoya
7706:CaralâSupe
7548:Tlaxcaltec
7538:TeuchitlĂĄn
7453:ChupĂcuaro
7380:Plum Bayou
7375:Plaquemine
7345:Marksville
7310:Chichimeca
7100:Metallurgy
7060:Eden point
6957:Buhl Woman
6829:Rock Eagle
6819:River Styx
6744:Mummy Cave
6739:Moundville
6719:Mesa Verde
6704:Marksville
6451:Tchefuncte
6411:Plaquemine
6347:Las Palmas
6263:Calf Creek
6258:Cades Pond
6068:Shell ring
5996:Yent Mound
5911:Rock Mound
5901:River Styx
5816:Mullet Key
5661:Dismal Key
5651:Demere Key
5636:C. J. Ostl
5626:Cayo Pelau
5616:Burns Lake
5430:Cades Pond
5288:Philosophy
5093:Costa Rica
5067:by country
4898:Variations
4889:World tree
4846:Totem pole
4816:Arborglyph
4515:2009-11-17
4294:2022-10-29
4262:. Twelve.
4242:2009-11-28
4212:2009-11-22
4086:2009-11-22
4061:2010-01-23
4005:2009-11-18
3953:2009-11-21
3924:2009-11-21
3895:2010-01-19
3829:2010-01-22
3776:(S1): 18.
3588:2010-04-15
3555:2009-11-17
3522:2011-03-03
3497:2010-09-17
3475:2009-11-17
3454:2009-11-17
3434:2019-04-27
3424:la Jornada
3387:2019-03-15
3358:2009-11-17
3325:2009-11-17
3298:2020-12-28
3273:2009-11-17
3212:2009-11-20
3140:2009-11-17
2985:2009-11-17
2956:2010-04-10
2931:2009-11-17
2885:2009-11-15
2842:2009-11-18
2832:Ben Singer
2813:2009-11-19
2584:2009-11-18
2544:2010-04-10
2519:2009-11-18
2442:2009-11-18
2183:2010-02-05
2063:2024-07-18
2008:1102541304
1969:1238190784
1930:1031966951
1887:2009-11-17
1814:2009-11-17
1790:2009-01-15
1745:2009-11-21
1563:2009-11-20
1375:References
1357: 2.5
1222:Mummy Cave
1078:Buhl woman
900:haplotypes
857:haplogroup
825: â c.
671:in Idaho,
574: â c.
563: â c.
527:California
410:, western
372:See also:
342:ice sheets
335:Laurentide
230:Bering Sea
212: â c.
201: â c.
188:herbivores
168:North Asia
55:glyptodont
10672:Caribbean
10667:Southwest
10620:Subarctic
10548:symbolism
10412:Tor cairn
10370:GrĂžnsalen
10311:Cremation
10203:Sculpture
10181:Pictogram
10166:Petroform
9986:amber use
9954:Cosmetics
9764:Reservoir
9749:Check dam
9679:Pueblitos
9674:Pit-house
9657:Longhouse
9591:Dwellings
9460:Microlith
9391:Bow drill
9386:Bone tool
9379:prismatic
9188:Acheulean
9103:Cresswell
9076:Arrowhead
9002:Boomerang
8918:Granaries
8880:Terracing
8759:Stone Age
8517:Atahualpa
8513:Pachacuti
8488:Nemequene
8354:Chinampas
8176:Astronomy
8165:Astronomy
8145:Mythology
8140:Mythology
8135:Mythology
8130:Mythology
8126:Mythology
7956:Wankarani
7946:TuncahuĂĄn
7836:Marajoara
7791:Las Vegas
7677:Atacameño
7573:Xochipala
7513:Purépecha
7473:Epi-Olmec
7463:Cuicuilco
7405:Troyville
7395:St. Johns
7145:Stickball
6834:Rock Hawk
6664:Key Marco
6456:Troyville
6436:St. Johns
6421:Red Ocher
6180:Formative
5846:Otis Hare
5796:Mound Key
5786:Mill Cove
5741:Key Marco
5601:Blueberry
5571:Bay Pines
5526:McKeithen
5505:St. Johns
5490:Pensacola
5283:Movements
5278:Languages
5226:Venezuela
5171:Argentina
5133:Nicaragua
5113:Guatemala
5108:Greenland
4800:Religions
4375:2375-2548
4336:2755-0958
3860:CiteSeerX
3184:163802845
2676:164047864
2660:0002-7316
2029:Routledge
1860:162243347
1630:144261387
1312:Quad site
1294:Witt Site
1012:Southwest
935:Greenland
831:Patagonia
777:Venezuela
705:Argentina
697:Catamarca
438:megafauna
331:megafauna
263:megafauna
190:far into
125:romanized
98:were the
10186:Rock art
10149:painting
10122:Geoglyph
9947:timeline
9927:Beadwork
9667:Mehrgarh
9662:Mudbrick
9570:megalith
9445:Fire-saw
9267:debitage
9262:analysis
9230:Hand axe
9210:Cupstone
8788:Glossary
8749:Timeline
8613:See also
8531:Conquest
8504:Zoratama
8171:Calendar
8160:Calendar
8155:Calendar
8151:Calendar
8120:Religion
8115:Religion
8104:Religion
8093:Religion
8089:Religion
8078:Numerals
8072:Numerals
8033:Language
8013:Multiple
7951:Valdivia
7936:Tiwanaku
7896:Saladoid
7891:Quimbaya
7781:Kuhikugu
7761:Diaguita
7751:Chorrera
7568:Veraguas
7563:Veracruz
7543:Tlatilco
7355:Mogollon
7262:Cultures
7240:Americas
7033:Chanunpa
7018:Ballgame
6997:Vero man
6947:Anzick-1
6919:Windover
6879:SunWatch
6809:Rassawek
6629:Glenwood
6519:Brewster
6371:Mogollon
6342:La Jolla
6328:Hopewell
6288:Deptford
6201:cultures
6038:Windover
6028:Vero man
5866:Pineland
5831:Nocoroco
5465:Manasota
5445:Deptford
5413:cultures
5317:Category
5273:Identity
5256:Iroquois
5251:Cherokee
5216:Suriname
5206:Paraguay
5191:Colombia
5118:Honduras
5098:Dominica
5035:European
5010:Painting
4972:Colombia
4884:Religion
4879:Creation
4757:Genetics
4393:30854426
4187:14595095
4014:Archived
3882:15217990
3802:28251872
3646:Archived
3572:(2009).
3248:(2003).
3043:(2002).
3002:(1997).
1904:(2006).
1809:Phys.org
1646:(2000).
1451:Archived
1303:XÌČĂĄËytem
1035:See also
871:, like (
802:BP (for
677:Virginia
535:camelids
454:mastodon
425:knapping
414:and the
320:Beringia
244:scrapers
172:Beringia
104:Americas
83:Americas
10630:Plateau
10543:Symbols
10154:pigment
10040:Weaving
10003:Cardium
9998:Pottery
9993:Mirrors
9981:Jewelry
9922:Baskets
9902:culture
9754:Cistern
9560:Pyramid
9502:Weapons
9480:Scraper
9470:Racloir
9430:Cleaver
9418:Chopper
9324:Uniface
9235:Grooves
9225:Hafting
9183:Oldowan
9142:Systems
9093:Cascade
9056:woomera
9046:harpoon
9019:history
8985:Hunting
8965:Pottery
8906:Cooking
8815:Farming
8781:history
8754:Outline
8500:Tundama
8429:Peoples
8414:History
8409:History
8404:History
8400:History
8394:Cuisine
8389:Cuisine
8384:Cuisine
8379:Cuisine
8375:Cuisine
8233:Warfare
8228:Warfare
8223:Warfare
8219:Warfare
8213:Society
8208:Economy
8197:Society
8192:Society
8188:Society
8058:Writing
8052:Quechua
8037:Nahuatl
8004:Capital
7941:ToyopĂĄn
7921:Tairona
7831:Mapuche
7746:Chiripa
7721:Chancay
7692:Cañaris
7667:Amotape
7662:El Abra
7578:Zapotec
7558:Totonac
7533:Tepanec
7518:Quelepa
7488:Mezcala
7478:Huastec
7448:Cholula
7438:Capacha
7433:Acolhua
7390:Sinagua
7365:Patayan
7335:Hohokam
7325:Fremont
7182:Related
7040:Chunkey
6940:remains
6929:Wupatki
6769:Paquime
6659:HuĂĄpoca
6524:Cahokia
6494:Bastian
6401:Patayan
6323:Hohokam
6308:Fremont
6283:ComondĂș
6238:Baytown
6233:Avonlea
6213:Alachua
6185:Classic
6175:Archaic
6163:Periods
6104:Related
6012:remains
5475:Norwood
5420:Alachua
5386:Periods
5293:Studies
5221:Uruguay
5196:Ecuador
5176:Bolivia
5123:Jamaica
5022:Writers
5017:Artists
4977:Ecuador
4959:Culture
4940:Mapuche
4420:Bibcode
4384:6402857
4289:SAPIENS
4207:Hamburg
4146:9811914
4114:Bibcode
3890:4939632
3793:5333174
2668:3557083
2125:9050871
2093:Bibcode
1363:in the
1020:Poverty
996:gorgets
919:Na-Dené
884:meiosis
877:nuclear
789:Ecuador
709:Pilauco
543:Spanish
519:Wyoming
515:Montana
412:Alberta
362:Siberia
298:Map of
194:. From
149:in the
139:
131:palaiĂłs
127::
120:ÏαλαÎčÏÏ
10677:Mexico
10645:Plains
10615:Arctic
10521:flutes
10316:Dolmen
10240:Burial
10050:winery
10023:Linear
9853:Midden
9831:Cursus
9824:Goseck
9684:Pueblo
9635:Dugout
9620:Burdei
9299:Mining
9123:Lamoka
9118:Folsom
9098:Clovis
8955:Metate
8933:Hearth
8901:Basket
8875:Sickle
8443:Muisca
8438:Mayans
8433:Aztecs
8067:Script
8062:Script
8022:BacatĂĄ
7993:Muisca
7876:PucarĂĄ
7871:Piaroa
7866:PaijĂĄn
7861:Omagua
7816:Lupaca
7811:Lokono
7776:Kalina
7771:Huetar
7731:ChavĂn
7726:Chango
7701:Nariño
7697:CapulĂ
7687:Calima
7682:Aymara
7672:Arawak
7553:Toltec
7503:Olmecs
7498:Nicoya
7493:Mixtec
7468:Diquis
7370:Picosa
7360:Oshara
7330:Glades
7320:Dorset
6599:Folsom
6564:Cutler
6499:Benson
6386:Oneota
6318:Glades
6293:Folsom
6273:Clovis
6170:Lithic
5861:Pierce
5646:Cutler
5455:Glades
5440:Clovis
5324:Portal
5261:Navajo
5201:Guyana
5181:Brazil
5138:Panama
5128:Mexico
5088:Canada
5083:Belize
4945:Muisca
4867:Common
4614:
4593:
4570:
4539:
4506:
4472:
4391:
4381:
4373:
4334:
4266:
4185:
4144:
4134:
4011:page 2
3977:
3888:
3880:
3862:
3800:
3790:
3747:
3716:
3685:
3625:
3182:
3176:972087
3174:
3131:
3093:
3055:
3016:
2922:
2876:
2804:
2767:
2733:
2699:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2608:
2510:
2466:
2433:
2387:
2353:
2319:
2285:
2246:
2212:
2148:
2123:
2113:
2035:
2006:
1996:
1967:
1957:
1928:
1918:
1858:
1852:279189
1850:
1736:
1689:
1658:
1628:
1591:
1514:
1480:
1448:page 2
1444:broken
1397:
1026:, and
1024:Dalton
1016:Arctic
992:Atlatl
913:. The
733:Mexico
727:, and
721:Topper
539:equids
376:, and
192:Alaska
112:paleo-
10438:sites
10382:Mummy
10102:Cairn
10018:JĆmon
9969:shoes
9964:Hides
9836:Henge
9790:Broch
9652:Jacal
9507:Wheel
9455:Knife
9401:Canoe
9396:Burin
9374:Blade
9272:flake
9133:Plano
9041:baton
9031:Spear
8997:Arrow
8950:Manos
8803:Tools
8448:Incas
8339:Music
8334:Music
8329:Music
8325:Music
8258:Women
8253:Women
8248:Women
8244:Women
8202:Trade
8083:Quipu
8027:Cusco
8018:Hunza
7983:Aztec
7916:TaĂno
7911:Sican
7906:Shuar
7856:Nazca
7846:Mollo
7841:Moche
7821:Luzia
7736:ChimĂș
7508:Pipil
7483:Izapa
7458:Coclé
7400:Thule
7290:Adena
7130:Piasa
6938:Human
6569:Eaker
6472:sites
6406:Plano
6208:Adena
6010:Human
5876:Plaza
5547:sites
5298:Trade
5186:Chile
5000:Music
4967:Andes
4915:Olmec
4905:Aztec
4361:(3).
4137:25007
3886:S2CID
3848:(PDF)
3819:(PDF)
3180:S2CID
3172:JSTOR
2672:S2CID
2664:JSTOR
2578:(PDF)
2563:(PDF)
2116:20009
1856:S2CID
1848:JSTOR
1650:[
1626:S2CID
1335:Notes
1028:Plano
998:from
923:Inuit
873:mtDNA
869:Y-DNA
717:Chile
701:Salta
584:bison
567:BCE (
556:From
547:horse
513:, to
420:Yukon
346:boats
205:BCE (
166:from
10531:gudi
10289:Cist
10218:list
10045:Wine
9974:Ătzi
9959:Glue
9932:Beds
9900:and
9898:Arts
9769:Well
9625:Cave
9555:Kiva
9485:side
9475:Rope
9423:tool
9357:bone
9347:Adze
9113:Eden
9026:Nets
8896:Fire
8860:Goad
8845:Celt
8238:Army
8020:and
7998:Inca
7988:Maya
7966:ZenĂș
7961:Wari
7806:Lima
7090:Kiva
5266:Zuni
5211:Peru
5162:list
4982:Peru
4935:Inca
4910:Maya
4612:ISBN
4591:ISBN
4568:ISBN
4537:ISBN
4504:ISBN
4470:ISBN
4389:PMID
4371:ISSN
4332:ISSN
4264:ISBN
4183:PMID
4142:PMID
3975:ISBN
3878:PMID
3798:PMID
3745:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3683:ISBN
3623:ISBN
3129:ISBN
3104:2011
3091:ISBN
3053:ISBN
3027:2011
3014:ISBN
2920:ISBN
2874:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2778:2011
2765:ISBN
2744:2011
2731:ISBN
2710:2011
2697:ISBN
2656:ISSN
2619:2011
2606:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2477:2011
2464:ISBN
2431:ISBN
2398:2011
2385:ISBN
2364:2011
2351:ISBN
2330:2011
2317:ISBN
2296:2011
2283:ISBN
2257:2011
2244:ISBN
2223:2011
2210:ISBN
2159:2011
2146:ISBN
2121:PMID
2084:PNAS
2033:ISBN
2004:OCLC
1994:ISBN
1965:OCLC
1955:ISBN
1926:OCLC
1916:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1700:2011
1687:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1546:and
1525:2023
1512:ISBN
1491:2011
1478:ISBN
1439:2009
1408:2011
1395:ISBN
1231:Naia
1005:The
973:The
949:and
925:and
896:gene
855:The
787:and
785:Peru
763:and
748:and
711:and
699:and
618:and
537:and
517:and
509:and
477:The
460:and
398:and
386:The
337:and
242:and
137:lit.
10602:of
9640:Hut
9575:row
9406:Oar
9364:Axe
9352:Awl
8319:Art
8314:Art
8309:Art
8304:Art
8300:Art
6594:Eva
4992:Art
4448:."
4428:doi
4379:PMC
4363:doi
4322:doi
4236:130
4173:doi
4132:PMC
4122:doi
3870:doi
3788:PMC
3778:doi
3164:doi
2648:doi
2111:PMC
2101:doi
2058:CNN
1840:doi
1618:doi
975:SAA
863:is
731:in
723:in
715:in
703:in
691:in
683:in
675:in
308:kya
256:DNA
176:BCE
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