173:
56:
188:
A group of separatist
Puritans had fled from England to the Netherlands because they were unhappy with the insufficient reforms of the English church, and to escape persecution. After a few years, however, they began to fear that their children would lose their English identities, so they traveled to
116:
This religious conflict worsened after
Charles I became king in 1625, and Parliament increasingly opposed his authority. In 1629, Charles dissolved Parliament with no intention of summoning a new one in an ill-fated attempt to neutralize his enemies there, which included numerous Puritans. With the
158:. The colonists to New England were mostly families with some education who were leading relatively prosperous lives in England. One modern writer, however, estimates that 7 to 10 percent of the colonists returned to England after 1640, including about a third of the clergymen.
149:
The Great
Migration saw 80,000 people leave England, roughly 20,000 migrating to each of four destinations: Ireland, New England, the West Indies, and the Netherlands. The immigrants to New England came from every English county except
193:. They and the later wave of Puritan immigrants created a deeply religious, socially tight-knit, and politically innovative culture that is still present within the United States. They hoped that this new land would serve as a "
203:
preached religious toleration, separation of church and state, and a complete break with the Church of
England. He was banished in 1635 from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded Providence Plantations, which became the
197:." They fled England and attempted to create a "nation of saints" in America, an intensely religious, thoroughly righteous community designed to be an example for all of Europe and the rest of the world.
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religious and political climate so unpromising, many
Puritans decided to leave the country. Some of the migrants were also English expatriate communities of Nonconformists and Separatists from the
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of the Church of
England, which had also preserved medieval canon law almost intact. They opposed church practices that resembled Roman Catholic ritual.
547:
377:
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took place from 1620 to 1640, declining sharply afterwards. The term "Great
Migration" can refer to the migration in the period of English
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began in 1641, and some colonists returned from New
England to England to fight on the Puritan side. Many then remained in England since
599:
614:
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were also expelled from
Massachusetts, but they were welcomed in Rhode Island. In 1658, a group of Jews were welcomed to settle in
167:
52:. They came in family groups rather than as isolated individuals and were mainly motivated by freedom to practice their beliefs.
80:
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in Spain and
Portugal but had not been permitted to settle elsewhere. The Newport congregation is now referred to as
24:
609:
604:
518:
Breen Timothy H., and Stephen Foster. "Moving to the New World: The Character of Early Massachusetts Migration,"
500:
New England's Generation: The Great Migration and the Formation of Society and Culture in the Seventeenth Century
252:
488:
Anderson, Virginia DeJohn. "Migrants and Motives: Religion and the Settlement of New England, 1630–1640,"
138:. Migration continued until Parliament was reconvened in 1640, when the scale dropped off sharply. The
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made some efforts to reconcile the Puritan clergy who had been alienated by the lack of change in the
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Coming Over: Migration and Communication between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century
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101:(Reformed theology) with its opposition to ritual and an emphasis on preaching, a growing
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Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (Boston, 1838), 3rd series 7:31-48.
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314:, 2nd edition (James Savage, ed.), Little, Brown and Company publ. 1853, page 442
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This article is about Puritan migration of 1620-1640. For other uses of the term
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New England's Great Migration, by Lynn Betlock, www.americanancestors.org
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212:, who had been tried and banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1638 for her
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Mobility and Migration: East Anglian Founders of New England, 1629–1640
552:
523:
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493:
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537:
Puritans and Yankees: The Winthrop Dynasty of New England, 1630–1717
249:, for further details on King Charles I's conflicts with Parliament.
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and is the second-oldest Jewish congregation in the United States.
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37:
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130:
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The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633
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who had fled to the European mainland since the 1590s.
510:
The Peopling of British North America: An Introduction
161:
483:. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society.
312:
The History of New England from 1630 to 1649, Vol. I
350:
551:(1989), comprehensive look at major ethnic groups
396:Pilgrims: New World Settlers and the Call of Home
576:
492:, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Sep., 1985), pp. 339–383
410:History of Plymouth Plantation 1620 – 1647
401:
326:"The Puritan Migration: Albion's Seed Sets Sail"
548:Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America
208:. The Rhode Island Colony provided a haven for
454:Quakers and Baptists in Colonial Massachusetts
134:, and it delivered some 700 passengers to the
128:of 1630 included 11 ships led by the flagship
16:Movement of English Puritans to North America
595:History of immigration to the United States
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168:History of the Puritans in North America
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189:the New World in 1620 and established
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146:backed Parliament as an Independent.
585:English colonization of the Americas
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109:of church polity, as opposed to the
590:Immigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
474:. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
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81:James VI and I and religious issues
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463:
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162:Religious societies in New England
14:
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378:"East Anglian Puritans 1629-1640"
357:. New York: Macmillan. p. 52
600:History of the Thirteen Colonies
479:Robert Charles Anderson (1999).
34:Puritan migration to New England
25:Great Migration (disambiguation)
615:Migrations in the United States
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288:"New England's Great Migration"
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1:
470:Adams, James Truslow (1921).
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253:Great Migration Study Project
520:William & Mary Quarterly
425:A Model of Christian Charity
351:Roscoe Lewis Ashley (1908).
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498:Anderson, Virginia DeJohn.
472:The Founding of New England
235:
10:
631:
165:
78:
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242:History of Massachusetts
224:; they were fleeing the
178:Pilgrims Going to Church
154:; nearly half were from
136:Massachusetts Bay Colony
50:Massachusetts Bay Colony
553:excerpt and text search
514:excerpt and text search
504:excerpt and text search
452:Carla Gardina Pestana,
382:Puritans to New England
105:, and preference for a
610:New England Puritanism
605:History of New England
543:Fischer, David Hackett
185:
181:, an 1867 portrait by
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69:Hingham, Massachusetts
490:New England Quarterly
394:Susan Hardman Moore,
183:George Henry Boughton
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166:Further information:
79:Further information:
58:
97:. Puritans embraced
42:New England Colonies
557:Rutman, Darrett B.
522:30 (1973): 189–222
332:on 12 February 2008
206:Rhode Island Colony
191:Plymouth Plantation
107:presbyterian system
439:Edwin S. Gaustad,
186:
72:
63:, England, whence
564:Thompson, Roger.
559:Winthrop's Boston
535:Dunn, Richard S.
508:Bailyn, Bernard.
247:English Civil War
140:English Civil War
95:Church of England
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354:American History
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328:. Archived from
324:Hopley, Claire.
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111:episcopal polity
61:Hingham, Norfolk
44:, starting with
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528:Cressy, David.
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423:John Winthrop,
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210:Anne Hutchinson
195:redeemer nation
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46:Plymouth Colony
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21:Great Migration
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230:Jeshuat Israel
201:Roger Williams
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126:Winthrop Fleet
119:Dutch Republic
103:sabbatarianism
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359:. Retrieved
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226:Inquisition
156:East Anglia
152:Westmorland
59:A sign for
579:Categories
336:5 December
259:References
214:antinomian
568:, (1994)
361:7 October
216:beliefs.
99:Calvinism
91:Charles I
67:left for
524:in JSTOR
494:in JSTOR
293:28 April
236:See also
65:Puritans
38:Puritans
561:(1965).
539:(1962).
532:(1987),
512:(1988)
502:(1991)
456:(1991).
443:(2005).
398:(2007).
222:Newport
218:Quakers
131:Arbella
87:James I
75:Context
40:to the
23:, see
85:King
363:2013
338:2008
295:2008
124:The
89:and
48:and
32:The
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427:,
380:.
310:,
278:^
384:.
365:.
340:.
297:.
27:.
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