Pub - Knowledge

263: 469: 987:"Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London." 588:, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor. In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants. The Lost Pubs Project listed 42,519 closed English pubs on 6 August 2023, with photographs of over 29,000. In the fifteen years to 2017 a quarter of London's pubs had closed. The closures have been ascribed to factors such as changing tastes and a rise in the cost of beer due to tax increases. Some London boroughs where there has been an increase in 2468: 1939: 1966: 572: 1947: 2712: 771: 917: 652: 90: 1302: 2282: 2730: 1278: 357: 308: 10288: 10300: 8281: 755: 940:, the main room was the public room with a large serving bar copied from the gin houses, the idea being to serve the maximum number of people in the shortest possible time. The other, more private, rooms had no serving bar—they had the beer brought to them from the public bar. A number of pubs in the Midlands or the North still retain this set up, though now customers fetch the drinks themselves from the taproom or public bar. One of these is the Vine, known locally as the Bull and Bladder, in 711:

the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. From then until the start of the 21st century, UK licensing laws changed very little, retaining these comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of the

10276: 54: 8304: 7748: 10312: 1031: 1437: 10336: 8293: 2840: 1619: 74: 10324: 889:). By the 1970s, divisions between saloons and public bars were being phased out, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition. While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises. Most present day pubs now comprise one large room, although with the advent of 648:(an evolution of gin shops) began to spread from London to most towns and cities in Britain. Alarmed at the prospect of a return to the Gin Craze, the government attempted to counter the threat, and encourage the consumption of a more wholesome beverage, by introducing the Beerhouse Act of 1830. The Act introduced a new lower, and largely deregulated, tier of premises called "the beerhouse". 1766: 617: 1137:, are spread nationally. The landlord of a tied pub may be an employee of the brewery—in which case, they are a manager of a managed house—or a self-employed tenant under a lease agreement with a brewery that obligates (trade tie) them to purchase only that brewery's beer. The beer selection is mainly limited to beers brewed by that particular company. 1107:.) The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the brewery owned the pub but rented it out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether 2853:

Pubs are a common setting for fictional works, including novels, stories, films, video games, and other works. In many cases, authors and other creators develop imaginary pubs for their works, some of which have become notable fictional places. Notable fictional pubs include The Admiral Benbow Inn in

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connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated in pub signs. Simple natural or religious symbols such as suns, stars

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This style was in marked contrast to the adjacent saloon or lounge bar which, by the early 20th century, was where male or accompanied female middle-class drinkers would drink. It had carpeted floors, upholstered seats, and a wider selection of better quality drinks that cost a penny or two more than

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The public bar, or tap room, was where the working class were expected to congregate and drink. It had unfurnished floorboards, sometimes covered with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), bare bench seats and stools. Drinks were generally lower-quality beers and

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and difficulties in obtaining new licences meant a continual expansion of their tied estates was the only feasible way for breweries to generate new trade. By the end of the century more than 90 per cent of public houses in England were owned by breweries, and the only practical way brewers could now

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and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name, the name being derived later from the illustration on the pub's sign.

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The latter half of the 19th century saw increased competition within the brewing industry and, in an attempt to secure markets for their own products, breweries began rapidly buying local pubs and directly employing publicans to run them. Although some tied houses had existed in larger British towns

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Pubs as we know them today first appeared in the 19th century. Before this time alehouses were largely indistinguishable from private houses and the poor standard of rural roads meant that, away from the larger towns, the only beer available was often brewed by the publican himself. With the arrival

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and at some universities, a budget is reserved for course pub nights. The gastropub concept has caught on, as traditional British influences are to be found in many Canadian dishes. Aside from pubs, the term "bar" can refer to themed drinking establishments, sports bars, or cocktail bars, or to the

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In Scandinavia, especially Denmark, a number of pubs that eschew "theming" have opened. They instead focus on providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment not unfamiliar to a British pub-goer. Some import British cask ale, rather than

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Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have

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A "country pub" is simply a rural drinking establishment, though the term has acquired a romantic image typically of thatched roofs and whitewashed stone walls. As with urban pubs, the country pub can function as a social and recreational centre, providing opportunities for people to meet, exchange

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The "snug" was a small private room or area, typically with access to the bar and a frosted glass window above head height. Customers in the snug paid a higher price for beer and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. Not only did wealthy visitors use these rooms, but also patrons who preferred

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There was regulation of public drinking spaces in England from at least the 15th century. In 1496, under, Henry VII, an act was passed, "against vagabonds and beggers" (11 Hen. VII c2), that included a clause empowering two justices of the peace, "to rejecte and put awey comen ale-selling in tounes

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in 1989. The result, however, was that the Big Six melted away into other sectors; selling their brewing assets and spinning off their tied houses, largely into the hands of branded pub chains, called pubcos. As these were not brewers, they were not governed by the Beer Orders and tens of thousands

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in Greater Manchester is thought to have the pubs with both the longest and shortest names in the United Kingdom – The Old Thirteenth Cheshire Astley Volunteer Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn, both operating as of 2019 (the Rifleman reopening in new premises, moving from Astley Street to premises

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and some other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the manager or publican to do paperwork while keeping an eye on his or her customers, and the term "bar" applied to the publican's office where one was built, but beer would be tapped directly from a cask or barrel on a

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barred women from entering public bars (some pubs did not lift this rule until the 1980s). In the Manchester area, the public bar was known as the "vault", other rooms being the lounge and snug as usual elsewhere. The vault was a men-only bar, meant for working men in their dirty working clothes.

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A "lock-in" is when a pub owner allows patrons to continue drinking in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during

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Since the 1990s, food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant

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Within eight years 46,000 new beerhouses opened and, because operating costs were so low, huge profits were often made. The combination of increasing competition and high profits eventually led to what has been described as a golden age of pub building when many landlords extended or redeveloped

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Pubs within a chain usually have items in common—such as fittings, promotions, ambience, and food and drink menu. A pub chain positions itself in the marketplace for a target clientele. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are

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that increased prices. By June 2022, pub numbers in England and Wales had fallen to a record low of 39,970, a loss of 7,000 in 10 years. Pubs also found it difficult to hire enough staff, with 142,000 jobs unfilled in the accommodation and food services sector by 2023. Figures published in 2023

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A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that were used for purposes other than as a pub previously in their history. Some

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is a pub that aligns itself to a specific culture, style or activity; often with the intention of attracting a niche clientele. Many are decorated and furnished accordingly, with the theme sometimes dictating the style of food or drink on offer too. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars,

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caused a proliferation of beerhouses. By the mid-19th century, pubs were widely purpose-built, and could incorporate architectural features that distinguished them from private houses to make them stand out from the competition. Many existing public houses were also redeveloped at this time,

2797:. An "English-looking" pub trend started in the 1990s, built into existing storefronts, often run by corporate pub firms. Most universities in Canada have campus pubs that are central to student life—serving food and drink as well as hosting social events. Often these pubs are run by the 216:

is required to operate a pub; the licensee is known as the landlord or landlady, or the publican. Often colloquially referred to as their "local" by regular customers, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, good food, social atmosphere, the presence of friends and

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beer in kegs, to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers. This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in

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and censorship of the press, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police. There was also a special case established under the

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news, and cooperate on local charitable events. However, that culture of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community started to diminish in the latter part of the 20th century, as many country pubs either closed down, or were converted to restaurants or

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focus more on lodging customers than on other services but usually provide meals. Pubs are primarily alcohol-serving establishments. Restaurants and taverns serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like

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Some publicans raised concerns, prior to the implementation of restrictions, that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. The impact of the ban was mixed, with some pubs suffering declining sales, and others seeing an increase, particularly in food sales.

488:, many areas of the United Kingdom were transformed by a surge in industrial activity and rapid population growth. There was huge demand for beer and for venues where the public could engage in social interaction, but there was also intense competition for customers. 796:

By the end of the 18th century, a new room in the pub was established: the saloon. Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport. Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr. Ball that had a

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near Birmingham, another the Cock at Broom, Bedfordshire a series of small rooms served drinks and food by waiting staff. By the early 1970s there was a tendency to change to one large drinking room as breweries were eager to invest in interior design and theming.

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Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle.

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not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies often enjoyed a private drink in the snug in a time when many frowned on women visiting a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.

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borrowing features from other building types and gradually developing the characteristics that make pubs instantly recognisable today. In particular, and contrary to the intentions of the Beerhouse Act, many drew inspiration from the gin houses and palaces.

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alehouses, but it was not until the early 19th century that pubs, as they are today, first began to appear. The model also became popular in countries and regions of British influence, where pubs are often still considered to be an important aspect of their

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Authorities attempted to check the growth from 1869 by introducing magisterial control and new licensing laws. These aimed to make it harder to obtain a licence, and control drunkenness, prostitution, and other undesirable conduct on licensed premises.

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of pubs remain tied, much in the same way that they had been previously. In reality, government interference did very little to improve Britain's tied house system and all its large breweries are now in the hands of foreign or multi-national companies.

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Bar counters had been an early adoption, but ornate mirrors, etched glass, polished brass fittings and lavishly tiled surfaces were all features that had first made their appearance in gin houses. Innovations such as the introduction of hand pumps (or

1584:. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George, after 295:

established alehouses that may have grown out of domestic dwellings, first attested in the 10th century. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. The

394:, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also 2225:

two doors away from the Q Inn in Market Street in 2019, after being closed for three years). The original Rifleman building retains a pub sign, and a blue plaque from 1995 recording the recognition of the name in the Guinness Book of Records.

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was that the lack of a tourist industry meant that a higher proportion of traditional bars have survived the wholesale refitting of Irish pub interiors in the "English style" in the 1950s and 1960s. New Zealand sports a number of Irish pubs.

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outside their premises. The legislation stated "Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale." This law was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors,

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in March 2006, followed by the rest of the UK in 2007. Australia introduced a similar ban in 2006 and now has some of the world's toughest anti-smoking laws, with some territories having also banned smoking in outside public areas.

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and places where they shall think convenyent, and to take suertie of the keepers of ale-houses in their gode behavyng by the discrecion of the seid justices, and in the same to be avysed and aggreed at the tyme of their sessions."

7181:(ed. David Hey), 1996, describes this as "the starting point for modern studies "; Everitt described most of the previous literature on the topic as "a wretched farrago of romantic legends, facetious humour and irritating errors".) 2348:

fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister

1115:) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie. 583:

The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the

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Concerns about the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation first surfaced in the 1950s and ultimately led many countries to ban or restrict smoking in specific settings, such as pubs and restaurants. Early in 2004,

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Some names for pubs that seem absurd or whimsical have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as the Bag o'Nails (Bacchanals), the Goat and Compasses (God Encompasseth Us), the Cat and the Fiddle

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grow their tied estates was to turn on each other. Buy-outs and amalgamations became commonplace, and by the end of the 1980s there were only six large brewers left in the UK, collectively known as the Big Six;

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at a time of political and religious conflict between Britain and France. Because of its cheapness, gin became popular with the poor, eventually leading to a period of drunkenness and lawlessness, known as the

5232: 504:) allowed more people to be served, faster, while technological advances in the brewing industry and improved transportation links made it possible for breweries to deliver beer far from where it was brewed. 2125:

for the oldest pub in England for many years, as it is an 11th-century structure on an eighth-century site—however, the record was withdrawn in 2000 after review, and the category was deemed impossible to

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Starting in the 1950s, some British pubs would offer "a pie and a pint", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours. The

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pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.

908:(CAMRA) have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved. 805:

room. The saloon was a room where, for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama, or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table. From this came the popular

719:, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence. 674:

in their own home. Beerhouses were not allowed to open on Sundays, or sell spirits and fortified wines; any beerhouse discovered to be breaking these rules was closed down and the owner heavily fined.

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Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable,

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The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (born Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.

1260:, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though it has also attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs. 3759: 6005: 2365:. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub. 877:

By the mid-20th century, the standard of the public bar had generally improved. Many were built between the world wars as part of the "improved" pub movement and as "roadhouse" inns—with large

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district, to which it gives its name. It became famous (or according to others, infamous) during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London's artists,

6641: 5188: 4042: 4267: 342:. A survey in 1577 of drinking establishment in England and Wales for taxation purposes recorded 14,202 alehouses, 1,631 inns, and 329 taverns, representing one pub for every 187 people. 4024: 417:. There is, however, no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former 6515: 1197:, also called a brewpub or taproom, is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. It is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, although the name may be applied to a nearby pub. 632:

is widely considered to be a milestone in the history of public houses. Gin was popularised in England in the late 17th century, largely because it provided an alternative to French

4298: 1145:, from another brewery. This law has now been repealed but while in force it dramatically altered the industry. Some pubs still offer a regularly changing selection of guest beers. 5370: 1566:

being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, however. Names and their origins can be broken up into a relatively small number of categories.

7346: 5005: 715:, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the 6576: 523:

since the 17th century, this represented a fundamental shift in the way that many pubs were operated and the period is now widely regarded as the birth of the tied house system.

1410:, in 2005. Micropubs are "based upon good ale and lively banter", commonly with a strong focus on local cask ale. It became easier to start a small pub after the passing of the 984:

The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:

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bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries that then close down. Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of

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As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, and pictorial signs could be readily recognised when lettering and words could not be read.

1293:. Those country pubs located on main routes may once have been coaching inns, providing accommodation or refreshment for travellers before the advent of motorised transport. 3702: 1898:

are often served. Some pubs offer elaborate hot and cold snacks free to customers at Sunday lunchtimes, to prevent them getting hungry and leaving for their lunch at home.

6978: 6618: 2211:, Greater Manchester, is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251, but the current building is dated 1631. Its cellars are the only surviving part of the older structure. 5224: 4625: 4333: 3441: 2773:("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in 387:

ago. Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.

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is found in association with pubs in some parts of the country and the local team plays matches against teams invited from elsewhere on the pub's bowling green.

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may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560, but definitive dating evidence of the main building has yet to be established.

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showed that the rate of pub loss, equivalent to two closures a day, was increasing and that 39,404 pubs in England and Wales remained open at the end of June.

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became popular in the late 1960s, as did the convenient "chicken in a basket", a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin in a wicker basket.

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Some pubs in the UK also have football teams composed of regular customers. Many of these teams are in leagues that play matches on Sundays, hence the term "

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in 1869, Cape Town was a major trading port between Europe and Asia and hosted a very large number of drinking establishments earning the city the moniker

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his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or

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The smallest public house in Wales is claimed by Y Goron Fach (the Little Crown) in Denbigh, with a single bar of 15 square metres (160 sq ft).

6234: 3750: 6848: 6257: 4868: 6276: 1997:, Scotland. There is no road access and it may only be reached by an 18-mile (29 km) walk over mountains, or a 7-mile (11 km) sea crossing. 928:

in the 18th century. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example)

7403: 7032:"Trade Signs of Essex: a popular account of the origin and meanings of the public house and other signs now or formerly found in the county of Essex" 5952: 6160: 3359:

Hanson, David J (May 2013). Boyle, Peter; Boffetta, Paolo; Lowenfels, Albert B; Burns, Harry; Brawley, Otis; Zatonski, Witold; Rehm, Jürgen (eds.).

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were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a

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and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world.

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In the late 20th century, breweries increasingly ran their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the

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has been claimed to be the "oldest inn in England" with a founding date of 1189, but this relies on the fact it is constructed on the site of

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is a very small, modern, one-room pub founded on principles set up by Martyn Hillier, the creator of the first micropub, the Butchers Arms in

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and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the

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in Nottingham dates from 1240, although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the

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Together these characteristics differentiate pubs from restaurants and hotel bars, although some pubs also serve as restaurants or hotels.

1168:, and tied tenants in England and Wales got new statutory rights to go free of tie or to have disputes heard by the Pubs Code Adjudicator. 124:. The term first appeared in England in the late 17th century, to differentiate private houses from those open to the public as alehouses, 5891: 5362: 4997: 7373: 6568: 3905: 8341: 6822: 6541: 1816:

to sell them during the evening and at closing time. Many mobile shellfish stalls would set up near pubs, a practice that continues in

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In an attempt to increase the number of free houses, by forcing the big breweries to sell their tied houses, the Government introduced

3148: 2151:, only dates back to the 16th century, but an (inaccurate) claim is still frequently made that a pub on the site was mentioned in the 1347:. The largest roadhouses boasted facilities such as tennis courts and swimming pools. Their popularity ended with the outbreak of the 121: 6384: 5802: 3941: 2947:. The sets of each of the three major television soap operas have been visited by some of the members of the royal family, including 1777:

Some pubs have a long tradition of serving food, dating back to their historic usage as inns and hotels where travellers would stay.

6277:"Pub with longest name in the country reopens in Tameside – two doors down from the pub with the shortest – Manchester Evening News" 5748: 5721: 10386: 8264: 7351: 6782: 732:

became the first country in the world to ban smoking in all enclosed public areas. Scotland was the first UK nation to introduce a

262: 42: 5034: 3322: 3220: 2951:. The centrepiece of each visit was a trip into the Rovers, the Queen Vic, or the Woolpack to be offered a drink. The Bull in the 1355:

legislation prevented their full recovery. Many of these establishments are now operated as pub restaurants or fast food outlets.

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at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a

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The Book of the Inn: being two hundred pictures of the English inn from the earliest times to the coming of the railway hotel

7074: 7059: 6959:; by Andrea Millwood Hargrave with Lucy Gatfield, May 2002, Broadcasting Standards Commission; p. 20. Retrieved 21 July 2009. 5558: 5254: 5112: 4819: 4325: 4213: 4185: 3581: 3195: 3107: 2500: 2480: 5856: 5640: 5609: 5128: 3923: 3879: 8251: 7684: 6600: 6081: 5383: 4809: 4786: 4479: 3011: 1989:, at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level. The remotest pub on the British mainland is the Old Forge in the village of 1910:

CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The

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Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "

6211: 5586: 5511:; 14th edn, by Ivor H. Evans. London: Cassell; p. 482, where it is thought unlikely, and two other suggestions are given. 4561: 3654: 3490: 1343:. They were large establishments offering meals and refreshment and accommodation to motorists and parties travelling by 6703: 5775: 4917: 4842: 4244: 3123: 6112: 5450: 4177:

The Carlise State Management Scheme: Its Ethos and Architecture. A 60-year experiment in regulation of the liquor trade

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Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between

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In the early 19th century, encouraged by a reduction of duties, gin consumption again began to rise and gin houses and

585: 6849:""Tavern of the Seas"? The Cape of Good Hope as an oceanic crossroads during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries" 6671: 5326: 5307: 4583: 3959: 3237: 1957:, was known for the extreme lean of the building, caused by subsidence produced by mining. It burnt down by suspected 1335:

in the 1920s and 1930s in the United Kingdom, a new type of roadhouse emerged, often located on the newly constructed

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and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.

7266: 7251: 7218:

Jennings, Paul. "Liquor licensing and the local historian: the 1904 Licensing Act and its administration" xxx (2009).

7203: 7150: 7089: 6764: 6135: 6038: 5094: 5067: 4688: 4654: 4378: 3376: 3302: 3273: 3043: 2546: 1577: 1070: 5284: 3624: 170:. In many places, especially in villages, pubs are the focal point of local communities. In his 17th-century diary, 10361: 7389: 5526: 3680: 2623: 1573: 339: 330:

could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of

4604: 4364: 3602: 3065: 2467: 2387:, this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, 685:

In the United Kingdom, restrictions were tightened considerably following the advent of the First World War. The

468: 3977: 3546: 3344: 2834: 2593: 2340:(London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as 6350: 4175: 2817:. The oldest currently operating pub in South Africa, and one of the last drinking establishments left from the 1670:(both the British and American versions) has increased in popularity as well as other table based games such as 8379: 8334: 8256: 4117: 3400: 2909:

on British television each feature a fictional pub, and these pubs have become household names in Britain. The

2898: 1165: 1052: 6242: 4755: 881:

to attract passing trade. Pub patrons only had to choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age: a

10340: 7295: 5399: 5146: 1961:

on 5 August 2023, and the owner of the property has been ordered by the local council to reconstruct the pub.

17: 5548: 4872: 3090: 1965: 174:

described the pub as "the heart of England". Pubs have been established in other countries in modern times.

10381: 7159: 6504:, 1949, includes those he kept in Ascot and Market Harborough. There are more recent editions of the diary. 6054: 5944: 2802:

physical counter in a pub. Tavern was previously a popular term, though it has become somewhat antiquated.

571: 2176:, Yorkshire, is claimed to date to 905 AD, but the current building only dates from the 18th century. 6164: 3506: 3021: 2329: 1938: 1572:

Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after

1503:(e.g., the coat of arms) of the local lords who owned the lands upon which the pub stood. Some pubs have 1157: 763: 7272:

Mutch, Alistair. "Improving the public house in Britain, 1920–40: Sir Sydney Nevile and 'social work'."

5978: 4509: 1256:" and "public house", and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over the Eagle pub in 10376: 10266: 7620: 7610: 7524: 3006: 2862: 1732: 1141:, passed in 1989, were aimed at getting tied houses to offer at least one alternative beer, known as a 775: 78: 7310: 6472: 6444: 3883: 2592:, the last woman executed in the United Kingdom, shot David Blakely as he emerged from the Magdala in 1946: 8327: 7851: 6516:"An 'authentic' day out: fish and chips at the Dun Cow, for a very reasonable £1m – This Britain, UK" 4126: 3424: 2711: 2550: 2443: 2234:

The most expensive place to get a pint of beer is in Doha, Qatar, where prices average £10.30 (2019).

2129: 1986: 1915: 1744: 1130: 97: 6947: 3703:"Pub companies, pub tenants & pub closures: recent developments – Commons Library Standard Note" 2683:

had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of

770: 428:

The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments. Hotels, lodges, and

10253: 8394: 8071: 7677: 7625: 6422: 5161: 4152: 3099: 3001: 2877: 2442:, London, have associations with well-known, post-war literary and artistic figures, including the 2163: 686: 8531: 5914: 3368: 2805:

In South Africa pubs and taverns have had a particularly long and notable presence in the city of

2240:

The cheapest place to get a beer in the UK is Preston, where a pint costs on average £3.06 (2019).

8207: 6757: 4974: 2656: 2508: 2384: 2204: 2173: 1969: 1923: 1041: 948: 695: 548: 5086:

Pub companies: follow-up, Government response to the Committee's fifth report of session 2009–10

3166: 651: 301: 9730: 8479: 8212: 8128: 7412: 3016: 2520: 2451: 2179: 2159: 2110: 1836: 1717: 1499:

and crosses were incorporated into pub signs, sometimes adapted to incorporate elements of the

1108: 991: 390:

In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from

311: 113: 8613: 5887: 5344: 5057: 4466: 1831:

Family chain pubs that serve food in the evening gained popularity in the 1970s, and included

8409: 4678: 3263: 3185: 2986: 2872: 2641: 2496: 2488: 2297: 2190: 2122: 1456: 1441: 916: 905: 485: 410: 319: 89: 7367: 7110:"Pubs can be bizarre and peculiar, but they're worth saving as a focal point of a community" 6826: 6545: 5084: 4705: 1532: 1301: 1164:

may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. In 2016, a number of the largest PubCo's were

8484: 8399: 8176: 5483: 4644: 3152: 2615: 2476: 2460: 1875: 1871: 1825: 1817: 1698: 1655: 1515: 1510:

Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g.

1322: 1306: 1133:

in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as

1048: 951:, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the 242: 28: 10139: 5798: 3978:"'The vices and virtue of drink (17th–18th centuries)'- news :: You Are What You Ate" 3945: 840:

A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands,

698:

where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state, most notably in

8: 10366: 8506: 8494: 8308: 8222: 7921: 7670: 7428: 7307:

Alcohol and moral regulation: Public attitudes, spirited measures and Victorian hangovers

7163:; ed. D. H. Pennington & Keith Thomas. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978; pp. 47–72. 6325: 5744: 5717: 4922: 4732: 4411: 3482: 2976: 2822: 2794: 2778: 2652: 2554: 2396: 2313: 2281: 1736: 1537: 1511: 1472: 1265: 822: 729: 8914: 7235:

Jennings, Paul. "Liquor Licensing and the Local Historian: The Victorian Public House."

6778: 6294: 2197:

was first recorded in 1249, when it was an alehouse for the workers constructing nearby

1731:

and live music. During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as

733: 716: 8934: 8404: 8350: 8120: 7756: 7000: 6904: 5825: 5193: 5028: 3573: 3318: 3291: 3217: 3036: 2948: 2798: 2790: 2729: 2637: 2527:

was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s. It attracted many well-known patrons, such as

2392: 2321: 2052: 1820:. Otherwise, pickled cockles and mussels may be offered by the pub in jars or packets. 1797: 1740: 1411: 1310: 998:, who had recently arrived from the Netherlands and had been appointed joint monarchs. 995: 937: 712: 629: 544: 492: 10209: 10204: 10059: 9820: 6800: 5663: 1596:: Faithful Kitten) and the Bull and Bush, which purportedly celebrates the victory of 1277: 1103:

that only sold beer from a single brewery. (A pub not 'tied' in this way was called a

821:: "Up and down the City Road / In and out the Eagle / That's the way the money goes / 9964: 9947: 9497: 9284: 9224: 8414: 8202: 8092: 8026: 7931: 7896: 7722: 7605: 7262: 7247: 7199: 7146: 7085: 7070: 7055: 7035: 6908: 6896: 6760: 6392: 6034: 5554: 5458: 5140: 5090: 5063: 4815: 4684: 4650: 4181: 4016: 3577: 3486: 3372: 3298: 3269: 3191: 3103: 2915: 2881: 2609: 2317: 2198: 2183: 2137: 1950: 1855: 1706: 457: 288: 226: 7244:

Stanley Chew's Pub Signs: a celebration of the art and heritage of British pub signs

6723: 5424: 4642: 4483: 4441: 3524: 3459: 2789:

Pubs have a long history in Canada, with some still operating after 200 years, like

2507:

that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote.

825:." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at the Eagle, and needed to 10328: 10049: 9868: 9842: 9597: 9477: 8432: 8166: 8151: 7991: 7641: 7423: 6886: 6103: 5690: 4894: 4094: 3364: 3190:. Tourism and Cultural Change. Vol. 1. Channel View Publications. p. 83. 2920: 2774: 2738: 2689: 2664: 2569: 2562: 2411: 2325: 2274: 2246:

As of 2019, there are 40,683 pubs in England, 2,901 in Wales and 3,612 in Scotland.

2243:

In 2018, British people drank 7.75 billion pints of beer: 21.2 million pints a day.

2169: 1895: 1863: 1801: 1785: 1667: 1659: 1635: 1601: 1476: 1348: 1331:

was originally applied to a coaching inn, but with the advent of popular travel by

1119: 866: 532: 527: 453: 445: 356: 7825: 5262: 5109: 4205: 1269:

suggested that the term has become irrelevant such is its commonality these days.

865:

liquors. Public bars were seen as exclusive areas for only men; strictly enforced

9607: 9581: 9512: 9487: 9452: 9401: 9341: 8924: 8389: 8384: 8146: 7891: 7615: 7341: 7158:

Puritans and Revolutionaries: essays in seventeenth-century history presented to

6956: 6891: 6874: 6707: 6604: 6597: 5852: 5636: 5613: 5116: 4611: 3927: 3428: 3224: 2981: 2856: 2715: 2672: 2585: 2536: 2528: 2447: 2388: 2013: 1760: 1627: 1585: 1424:

A "nolo" or "no lo" pub serves only non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic beverages. A

1138: 952: 599:

The industry suffered a major decline from 2020, due to reduced trade during the

559: 540: 477: 117: 6077: 5162:"Improved Pubs and Road Houses: Rivals for Public Affection in Interwar England" 4782: 3442:"How did historic alehouses taverns and inns evolve into the pubs we see today?" 1176:

names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time.

287:

After the departure of Roman authority in the fifth century and the fall of the

41:"Ye olde pub" redirects here. For the plane flown by Charles Brown in WWII, see 10316: 9922: 9755: 9720: 9532: 9391: 8097: 8087: 8016: 7976: 7946: 7717: 7559: 6754:

What Is Life?: investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology

4626:"How-did-historic-alehouses-taverns-and-inns-evolve-into-the-pubs-we-see-today" 4553: 3781: 3650: 2928: 2706: 2601: 2407: 2380: 2345: 2265: 1911: 1859: 1843: 1675: 1425: 1194: 1188: 1122: 670:(roughly equal in value to £237 today), was permitted to brew and sell beer or 660: 600: 589: 234: 213: 35: 6207: 5582: 1514:), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the 974:

beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a

754: 10356: 10350: 10287: 10144: 10004: 9710: 9557: 9457: 9447: 9351: 9259: 9239: 9147: 8929: 8297: 8136: 8102: 7966: 7951: 7876: 7727: 7336: 6900: 6700: 6396: 5771: 5462: 5082:

House of Commons; Business, Innovation and Skills Committee (25 March 2010),

4846: 4020: 3803: 3131: 2910: 2723: 2676: 2632: 2605: 2540: 2532: 2504: 2435: 2431: 2152: 2148: 2118: 2075: 1647: 1495: 1369: 1352: 1340: 1336: 1153: 1094: 1010: 941: 830: 818: 791: 441: 307: 158: 10275: 10124: 1351:

when recreational road travel became impossible, and the advent of post-war

893:, some establishments have returned to maintaining distinct rooms or areas. 425:

on the word "in", as in the Welcome Inn, the name of many pubs in Scotland.

10304: 9856: 9492: 9411: 9396: 9279: 8713: 8603: 8598: 8489: 8474: 8285: 7911: 7830: 7651: 4579: 4537: 3963: 2892: 2886: 2867: 2782: 2680: 2679:

interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and

2627: 2619: 2600:, the bullet holes can still be seen in the walls outside. It is said that 2427: 2419: 2400: 2071: 2060: 2009: 1982: 1887: 1867: 1710: 1682: 1581: 1282: 1149: 536: 501: 421:, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a 418: 376: 297: 292: 271: 178: 171: 10079: 10054: 9902: 8628: 7381: 4467:

The pleasures and treasures of Britain: a discerning traveller's companion

4039:"Tavern regulation debate – Module Forum: The World of the Tavern (HI390)" 2996: 2140:'s former brewhouse; the present building actually dates from around 1650. 53: 10292: 10280: 10009: 9770: 9745: 9690: 9612: 9592: 9562: 9092: 9072: 9042: 8979: 8849: 8789: 8753: 8703: 8673: 8663: 8588: 8578: 8568: 8563: 8437: 8239: 8181: 8141: 7961: 7861: 7846: 7810: 7784: 7469: 7459: 7449: 7434: 7279:

Nicholls, James. "Alcohol licensing in Scotland: a historical overview."

7186:

Pubs and Progressives: Reinventing the Public House in England, 1896–1960

7096:

www.breweryartists.co.uk A history of the Brewery Artists Inn Sign studio

6385:"Pubs are closing down at a rate of one every 12 hours, new figures show" 3830: 3676: 2957: 2952: 2668: 2577: 2573: 2524: 2516: 2423: 2341: 2301: 2293: 2285: 2221: 2056: 2043: 1847: 1789: 1702: 1634:

Traditional games are played in pubs, ranging from the well-known darts,

1523: 1494:

The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of

1483: 1436: 1407: 1381: 1257: 1249: 1173: 1134: 965: 929: 656: 434: 327: 202: 162: 82: 9799: 8814: 7747: 5522: 2264:

Inns and taverns feature throughout English literature and poetry, from

1179:

In 2009 about half of Britain's pubs were owned by large pub companies.

437:, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers. 304:

prescribes fines for breaching the peace at meetings held in alehouses.

266:

1899 map showing number of public houses in a district of central London

10214: 10149: 10094: 10034: 9979: 9927: 9386: 9329: 8653: 8643: 8501: 8244: 8186: 8161: 8061: 7956: 7936: 7871: 7820: 7584: 7549: 7509: 7489: 6924:"Oldest pub in SA 'The Percy' shuts up shop as lockdown takes its toll" 6326:"The average price of a pint in 150+ countries | interactive world map" 6031:

The Book of Beer Knowledge: essential wisdom for the discerning drinker

3598: 3259: 2933: 2906: 2845: 2810: 2755: 2589: 2358: 2350: 2249:

Pubs are closing at a rate of one every 12 hours (as of February 2019).

2133: 2027: 1781: 1748: 1686: 1651: 1643: 1597: 1487: 1468: 1460: 1377: 1253: 1245: 1142: 1126: 1099: 1084: 1055: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 925: 845: 826: 807: 778:

pub, now demolished to make way for the expansion of Birmingham Airport

766:, London, displaying the nursery rhyme line about the pub's predecessor 645: 596:

forbids alcohol to its adherents—have seen a high amount of closures.

576: 517: 414: 403: 380: 331: 275: 9695: 9416: 8319: 4748:"The Cock at Broom – 01767 314411 One of England's Real Heritage Pubs" 2066:

The list includes a small number of parlour pubs, one of which is the

1248:, notable for serving good quality beer, wine and food. The name is a 10199: 10164: 10134: 9994: 9705: 9467: 9361: 9324: 9102: 9032: 8909: 8889: 8824: 8743: 8618: 8457: 8171: 8046: 8031: 7906: 7901: 7856: 7815: 7732: 7712: 7693: 7544: 7529: 7504: 7464: 7444: 7439: 7317:

Yokoe, Ryosuke. "Alcohol and politics in twentieth-century Britain."

7156:

Clark, Peter (1978). "The Alehouse and the Alternative Society", in:

6358: 3568:

Spicer, J.; Thurman, C.; Walters, J.; Ward, Simon (6 December 2011).

2991: 2943: 2924: 2806: 2702: 2597: 2581: 2558: 2557:, the pub was active since the 14th century until its destruction by 2492: 2472: 2455: 2415: 2305: 2237:

The average retail price of a pint of beer in the UK is £4.12 (2019).

2144: 2114: 2033: 2023: 1919: 1883: 1832: 1813: 1613: 1563: 1553: 1445: 1385: 1373: 1344: 1332: 1290: 1235: 1161: 1112: 1088: 1006: 1002: 890: 886: 878: 814: 802: 798: 787: 783: 759: 690: 638: 552: 513: 473: 449: 384: 364: 315: 218: 206: 58: 9989: 9765: 8964: 7288:

The politics of alcohol: A history of the drink question in England.

7168:

Old Cornish Inns and their place in the social history of the County

6136:"After more than 1,000 years, this English pub is closing its doors" 4533:"30 years ago: El Vino's treatment of women drinkers ruled unlawful" 2403:

is also associated with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cock Tavern.

1800:(especially London) it was common until recent times for vendors of 1666:

or dominoes, played for small stakes. In recent decades the game of

1030: 10224: 10219: 10184: 10174: 10084: 10019: 9912: 9851: 9830: 9815: 9665: 9366: 9229: 9172: 9152: 9052: 9027: 8994: 8879: 8738: 8733: 8723: 8638: 8623: 8608: 8051: 8041: 7916: 7866: 7774: 7707: 7589: 7579: 7569: 7479: 7474: 7366: 7095: 6949:

Soap box or soft soap? audience attitudes to the British soap opera

4747: 3184:

Cronin, Michael; O'Connor, Barbara (2003). Barbara O'Connor (ed.).

2938: 2866:, the Golden Perch, the Prancing Pony, and the Green Dragon in the 2660: 2608:

met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as the Crown Tavern) on

2309: 2090: 1994: 1851: 1728: 1694: 1663: 1639: 1500: 1397: 924:

The pub took the concept of the bar counter to serve the beer from

849: 699: 246: 62: 10311: 6672:"BBC ON THIS DAY | 1969: Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder" 6186: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5874: 2158:

There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of

678:

their properties, adopting many features modern pubs still have.

149:

allows drinks to be bought at a bar (i.e., not only table service)

10194: 10114: 10099: 10044: 9957: 9937: 9892: 9877: 9861: 9835: 9800: 9760: 9750: 9700: 9645: 9522: 9507: 9426: 9406: 9371: 9304: 8904: 8864: 8844: 8809: 8768: 8693: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8156: 7941: 7886: 7881: 7805: 7737: 7554: 7519: 7499: 7494: 7484: 7454: 6534: 4643:

Geoffrey K. Brandwood; Andrew Davison; Michael Slaughter (2004).

3460:"The Oxford Companion to Beer definition of public houses (pubs)" 2746: 2742: 2734: 2512: 2354: 2269: 2194: 2067: 2017: 1990: 1942:

The Sun Inn, Herefordshire. One of the few remaining parlour pubs

1927: 1914:

owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the

1891: 1690: 1671: 1623: 1465: 882: 853: 841: 813:

A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in the Eagle,

667: 372: 280: 238: 230: 167: 9887: 8292: 6050: 3728: 3543:"House of Commons Select Committee on Trade and Industry report" 2839: 1662:. In the UK betting is legally limited to certain games such as 1618: 1222:

Allow drinks to be bought at a bar (i.e. not only table service)

73: 10335: 10234: 10159: 10089: 10069: 10064: 10024: 9735: 9660: 9655: 9640: 9617: 9602: 9577: 9567: 9537: 9527: 9517: 9381: 9346: 9336: 9294: 9289: 9269: 9249: 9202: 9177: 9167: 9017: 8884: 8874: 8854: 8829: 8758: 8633: 8232: 8021: 8011: 8006: 7981: 7926: 7779: 7574: 7534: 7360: 7355: 6258:"Pub with longest name in UK reopens next to pub with shortest" 5871: 2971: 2576:

became infamous as the scene of a murder committed by gangster

2208: 2094: 2047: 1954: 1842:

Quality dropped but variety increased with the introduction of

1809: 1793: 1544:

stand-alone signs directing potential customers to their door.

1449: 1314: 1093:

In the 18th century, after the development of the large London

933:

table, or kept in a separate taproom and brought out in jugs.

810:

form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.

633: 402:

for travellers' horses, and on some roads fresh horses for the

399: 395: 391: 205:. Many pubs offer meals and snacks, and those considered to be 198: 190: 154: 143:

serves draught beer or cider without requiring food be consumed

125: 6569:"Low sales force four village pubs to close a day – Telegraph" 4646:

Licensed to sell: the history and heritage of the public house

3421: 1216:

Serve draught beer or cider without requiring food be consumed

1001:

A further engine was invented in the late 18th century by the

491:

Gin houses and palaces became increasingly popular, while the

274:

in the first century, but it was with the construction of the

9969: 9775: 9725: 9680: 9670: 9635: 9547: 9421: 9356: 9299: 9162: 9137: 9132: 9117: 9097: 9082: 9062: 9047: 8954: 8944: 8939: 8899: 8894: 8869: 8839: 8804: 8799: 8763: 8748: 8683: 8553: 8467: 8066: 8036: 7971: 7769: 7662: 7514: 6639: 4770:

The Manchester Pub Guide, Manchester and Salford City Centres

4379:"UPDATE 3-Wetherspoon sees FY profit at top end of forecasts" 2762: 2333: 2089:

The largest pub in the UK is the Royal Victoria Pavilion, in

1958: 1879: 1805: 1721: 1530:

had for some years an image of a crow with gates as wings. A

1519: 1504: 1206: 671: 593: 429: 335: 222: 182: 133: 66: 7261:. London: Herbert Jenkins (reissued by Senate, London, 1994 7138:(Revised ed.). (The Country Books.) London: Herbert Jenkins. 6075: 5345:"Shaman is a low-alcohol bar in London for healthy hedonism" 2005:

Contenders for the smallest public house in the UK include:

1850:. "Pub grub" expanded to include British food items such as 9882: 9542: 9127: 9107: 9037: 8989: 8984: 8919: 8859: 8462: 8056: 7789: 7764: 5225:"A local pub for local people: 'Micropubs' are catching on" 3183: 2693:. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall. 2439: 2037: 1765: 975: 971: 186: 284:(the origin of modern English "tavern"), began to appear. 10109: 9715: 9314: 8974: 7124:; selected and edited by Thomas Burke. London: Constable. 6640:

Gammell, Caroline & Singh, Anita (20 November 2009).

2684: 1796:

and peanuts. These all helped to increase beer sales. In

1770: 1471:, who would decide the quality of the ale they provided. 616: 422: 351: 270:

Ale was a native British drink before the arrival of the

194: 129: 4005:"Drinking and Public Space in Early Modern German Lands" 3567: 2781:

except for the lack of spirit grocers. A side effect of

1681:

Increasingly, more modern games such as video games and

6971:"Coronation treat for Prince at the Rovers – Telegraph" 6025: 6023: 5384:

Video of artist Michael Farrar-Bell producing inn signs

3912:. British Museum – via Google Arts & Culture. 2890:

fantasy series, Moe's Tavern, a working-class venue in

2860:

pirate story, the Garrison in the 1920s crime TV drama

1697:. Some play pop music and hip-hop (dance bar), or show 1518:. Some pub signs are in the form of a pictorial pun or 936:

When purpose built Victorian pubs were built after the

34:"Public house" redirects here. Not to be confused with 5888:"Nostalgia: Latest Nostalgia pieces from Gazette Live" 3361:

Historical evolution of alcohol consumption in society

2636:(1791). It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a 2499:

and is consequently used by political journalists and

10264: 7213:

Alehouses and Good Fellowship in Early Modern England

7034:. Chelmsford: Edmund Durrant & Co. Archived from 5189:"Small is beautiful – the quiet rise of the micropub" 4576:

Passport to the Pub: tourist's guide to pub etiquette

4268:"Ban on smoking in pubs to come into force on 1 July" 2332:(1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in 140:

is open to the public without membership or residency

7067:

Beer and Britannia: an inebriated history of Britain

6020: 5772:"History of Pool and Carom Billiards – Online Guide" 5400:"The History Press | A history of British pub names" 2761:

In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "

2458:, was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, 1219:

Have at least one indoor area not laid out for meals

8530: 6102: 5583:"The History of Darts and other Useful Information" 5285:"Community fixers? The mighty rise of the micropub" 5089:. The Stationery Office. 25 March 2010. p. 7. 4998:"Is the gastropub making a meal of it? – Telegraph" 4973:. via findarticles.com. Spring 2007. Archived from 3143: 3141: 2777:are largely identical to their counterparts in the 1588:, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation. 666:Under the act any householder, upon payment of two 452:met to do business, but became institutions of the 146:

has at least one indoor area not laid out for meals

7361:Lost Pubs Project – archive of closed English pubs 7173:Everitt, Alan. "The English Urban Inn 1560–1760." 6642:"Madonna and Guy Ritchie reach divorce settlement" 4116: 3831:"Two pubs a day disappearing in England and Wales" 3749: 3545:. Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived from 3290: 2391:is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the 1902:standards; these are sometimes termed gastropubs. 334:and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted 7143:The English Alehouse: a social history, 1200–1830 5520: 5218: 5216: 4995: 4936: 4357:"Smoking out the truth on the ban – two years on" 3854:, Vol 1, London, Charles Knight, 1847, pp. 410–1. 3393:"8 Ways Roads Helped Rome Rule the Ancient World" 3116: 2758:, which was attended by more than 20,000 people. 2626:, the main route northwards out of London, where 1213:Open to the public without membership / residency 338:status in 1446, and in 1514 the guild became the 177:Although the drinks traditionally served include 10348: 7647:Index of drinking establishment–related articles 7290:(Manchester University Press, 2013). pp 142–151. 7179:The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History 7177:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1973) pp. 91–137. ( 5135:. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. 4614:, Heritagepubs, CAMRA. Retrieved 27 August 2014. 3138: 3088: 7029: 6619:"Westminster: For whom the division bell tolls" 5110:The more recent developments of the country pub 3596:British Beer and Pub Association – Statistics, 7193:Inns, Ales and Drinking Customs of Old England 7131:. (English Heritage.) London: Herbert Jenkins. 6255: 5213: 4299:"Smoking bans: How they vary around the world" 3570:Intervention in the Modern UK Brewing Industry 3363:. Oxford University Press Scholarship Online. 2336:, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: 1305:The Dutch House (now closed), a typical 1930s 655:A Victorian beerhouse, now a public house, in 209:serve food in a manner akin to a restaurant. 8335: 7678: 7397: 7223:A History of Drink and the English, 1500-2000 6823:"Consulate General of Ireland: Bars and pubs" 5363:"QI: some quite interesting facts about pubs" 4772:. Manchester: Manchester Pub Surveys; pp. 1–4 4680:A History of Drink and the English, 1500–2000 4323: 2659:, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the 2612:when the latter was visiting London in 1903. 2584:is associated with several of the victims of 1981:The highest pub in the United Kingdom is the 1685:are provided. Pubs hold special events, from 1482:Another important factor was that during the 371:Inns are buildings where travellers can seek 233:. Pubs often screen sporting events, such as 7080:Jackson, Michael & Smyth, Frank (1976). 5745:"Ringing the Bull – History and information" 4869:"The Supply of Beer nationalarchives.gov.uk" 4706:"The vanishing faces of the traditional pub" 4324:Lusher, Adam; Goslett, Miles (3 June 2007). 3852:The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge 3677:"Why are British pubs closing down? (video)" 3084: 3082: 3032:Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom 2896:, and the Oak and Crosier in the video game 2215: 1209:states that a pub has four characteristics: 978:or container in a pub's basement or cellar. 132:. Today, there is no strict definition, but 9803:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients 7411: 7188:(Northern Illinois University Press, 2006). 6616: 6163:. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem. Archived from 5999: 4996:Norrington-Davies, Tom (24 November 2005). 4937:Norrington-Davies, Tom (24 November 2005). 4093:. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Archived from 3227:Convict Creations. Retrieved 24 April 2011. 3187:Irish Tourism: image, culture, and identity 2687:. The anecdote is related in Watson's book 1713:were also popular in pubs south of London. 1097:breweries, a trend grew for pubs to become 463: 9201: 8362: 8342: 8328: 7685: 7671: 7404: 7390: 6633: 5553:. Wordsworth Editions. 10 September 2006. 4918:"New York Develops a Taste for Gastropubs" 4554:"Are these England's most beautiful pubs?" 1486:a large proportion of the population were 48:Establishment that serves alcoholic drinks 6890: 6872: 6598:Fitzroy Tavern, Fitzrovia, London W1T 2NA 6161:"The Legend of Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem" 5186: 4957: 4530: 4406: 4404: 3868:. The University of North Carolina Press. 3369:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199655786.001.0001 3079: 2722:Although "British" pubs found outside of 1071:Learn how and when to remove this message 817:, referenced by name in the 18th-century 448:in London started as ordinary inns where 7345:) is being considered for deletion. See 6921: 5247: 4676: 4057: 3882:. Farmers & Fletcher. Archived from 3863: 3857: 3089:Wickham, Melisa; Cominetti, Nye (2017). 2838: 2728: 2710: 2696: 2466: 2288:in Cornwall inspired a novel and a film. 2280: 2253: 1964: 1945: 1937: 1764: 1705:on big screen televisions (sports bar). 1617: 1435: 1300: 1276: 915: 774:The Clock, Birmingham – an example of a 769: 753: 650: 615: 570: 467: 355: 306: 261: 249:was established in the UK in the 1970s. 88: 72: 52: 43:Charlie Brown and Franz Stigler incident 8349: 7230:The local: A history of the English pub 7198:Reissued: London: Bracken Books, 1985. 7001:"EastEnders queens resolve royal issue" 6968: 6915: 6566: 6470: 6382: 6323: 6274: 5718:"Nine Mens Morris, Mill – Online guide" 5661: 5509:Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 5308:"Sainsbury's Launches First 'NoLo' Pub" 4965:"American gastropub: what's in a name?" 4939:"Is the gastropub making a meal of it?" 4725: 4623: 4506:"Oxford dictionaries: spit and sawdust" 4354: 4326:"Hundreds of pubs to flout smoking ban" 4265: 4173: 4118:"Awards by the Pembrokeshire Authority" 3934: 3651:"Last orders for struggling Welsh pubs" 3288: 2647: 1976: 1622:Indoor Quoits being played at a pub in 217:acquaintances, and the availability of 136:states a pub has four characteristics: 14: 10349: 7107: 6785:from the original on 9 September 2010. 6378: 6376: 6324:Johnson, Georgia-Rose (31 July 2019). 6319: 6317: 6315: 6235:"Adam and Eve pub Bishopgate, Norwich" 6004:. Nationaltrust.org.uk. Archived from 5799:"Billiards and Snooker – Online guide" 5550:Dictionary of Pub Names – Google Books 5324: 5222: 5159: 4915: 4728:"The rise and fall of the British pub" 4580:"SIRC - Passport to the Pub Chapter 1" 4551: 4461: 4459: 4401: 4296: 4234: 3916: 3804:"Pub numbers fall to lowest on record" 3782:"Pub numbers fall to lowest on record" 3476: 3358: 3248:from the original on 21 December 2016. 3063: 2375:List of real London pubs in literature 9798: 9200: 8529: 8361: 8323: 8265:Mr. Boston Official Bartender's Guide 7666: 7564: 7385: 7175:Perspectives in English urban history 6981:from the original on 12 November 2012 6779:"'Secret of life' discovery turns 50" 6776: 6682:from the original on 27 December 2007 6513: 6256:Wolfe-Robinson, Maya (16 July 2019). 5912: 5327:"The new trend NOLO comes to Hampton" 5255:"Micropub Assoc – The Butcher's Arms" 5055: 4703: 4531:Rodrigues, Jason (15 November 2012). 3709:from the original on 27 February 2015 3605:from the original on 24 November 2014 3258: 2765:". In Irish, a pub is referred to as 620:The interior of a typical British pub 566: 318:, Hertfordshire, which once held the 153:The history of pubs can be traced to 61:country pub, the Williams Arms, near 8252:International Bartenders Association 6579:from the original on 2 December 2008 6453:from the original on 5 February 2012 6127: 5610:"Skittles, Nine Pins – Online guide" 5431:from the original on 8 February 2012 5355: 5305: 4807: 4789:from the original on 6 February 2010 4598: 4564:from the original on 29 August 2015. 4435: 4194:from the original on 2 January 2008. 4063: 4002: 3962:. Old Cannon Brewery. Archived from 3828: 3751:"Why London's pubs are disappearing" 3657:from the original on 16 October 2015 3631:from the original on 16 October 2015 3590: 3092:Closing time: London's public houses 3012:List of award-winning pubs in London 2937:, the major soap on BBC One and the 2630:is believed to have written much of 1743:, who formed a musical genre called 1205:A pub has no strict definition, but 1053:adding citations to reliable sources 1024: 507: 278:network that the first pubs, called 6969:Hardman, Robert (9 December 2000). 6473:"The Cornwall of Daphne du Maurier" 6417:Shelley, Henry C. (Henry Charles). 6416: 6383:Johnson, Jamie (24 February 2019). 6373: 6312: 6232: 6214:from the original on 19 August 2009 6133: 6108:"Royal Victoria Pavilion (1336672)" 6057:from the original on 14 August 2010 5853:"Bat and Ball Games – Online Guide" 5850: 5823: 5796: 5769: 5742: 5715: 5688: 5662:Masters, James (21 February 1936). 5634: 5607: 5580: 5373:from the original on 12 April 2018. 5235:from the original on 2 October 2016 4456: 4027:from the original on 16 March 2017. 3880:"Gin Renaissance in City of London" 3762:from the original on 25 August 2017 3238:"Editorial | In praise of ... pubs" 2843:The fictitious Queen Victoria pub, 2539:. It was used by the serial-killer 2093:, Kent. The venue was previously a 990:"Their Majesties" referred to were 749: 476:, an example of a mid-20th-century 24: 7101: 6873:Samuelson, Meg (2 November 2014). 6567:Alleyne, Richard (10 April 2008). 6542:"British Beer and Pub Association" 6113:National Heritage List for England 6076:John White of White Beer Travels. 5977:. 19 February 2012. Archived from 5894:from the original on 28 March 2014 5890:. Rememberwhen.gazettelive.co.uk. 5612:. Tradgames.org.uk. Archived from 4677:Jennings, Paul (5 February 2016). 4266:Langton, David (1 December 2006). 4066:"The National Archives – Homepage" 4045:from the original on 16 March 2017 3984:from the original on 16 March 2017 3829:Slow, Oliver (18 September 2023). 3343:Monckton, Herbert Anthony (1966), 3325:from the original on 19 March 2022 3027:List of public houses in Australia 2718:, one of the oldest pubs in Europe 2503:(MPs). The pub is equipped with a 2260:List of pubs in the United Kingdom 1580:and a general in the 18th-century 1414:, which became effective in 2005. 25: 10398: 7349:to help reach a consensus. › 7328: 7309:(Bristol University Press, 2014) 7215:(Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2014). 6922:Williams, Murray (22 July 2020). 6734:from the original on 9 March 2012 6514:Milmo, Cahal (22 November 2003). 6483:from the original on 2 March 2016 6421:. infomotions.com. Archived from 6084:from the original on 6 March 2012 5859:from the original on 3 March 2009 5832:from the original on 15 June 2009 5778:from the original on 28 June 2009 5751:from the original on 18 June 2009 5724:from the original on 18 June 2009 5697:from the original on 15 June 2009 5670:from the original on 28 June 2009 5643:from the original on 14 June 2009 5589:from the original on 14 June 2009 5529:from the original on 15 June 2008 5295:from the original on 3 July 2015. 5223:Hawkes, Will (17 February 2011). 5187:Hailstone, Jamie (11 June 2015). 5062:. Jacqui Small LLP. p. 130. 4895:"Pubs 'face mass closure threat'" 4758:from the original on 16 May 2015. 4726:Collins, Nick (28 January 2011). 4605:Derbyshire – Spondon, Malt Shovel 4416:Nursery Rhymes Lyrics and Origins 4389:from the original on 18 July 2009 4336:from the original on 13 July 2009 3346:A History of English Ale and Beer 3159: 3064:Cooper, Stephen (28 March 2014). 3044:Alcohol licensing laws of Ireland 2663:, a writers' group that included 2511:was at one time jointly owned by 1578:John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland 920:T.P. Smith's Pub, Dublin, Ireland 611: 10334: 10322: 10310: 10298: 10286: 10274: 8303: 8302: 8291: 8279: 7746: 6993: 6962: 6941: 6875:"(Un)Lawful Subjects of Company" 6866: 6841: 6815: 6799:. Edgehill.ac.uk. Archived from 6789: 6777:Noble, Ivan (27 February 2003). 6770: 6746: 6728:Shady Old Lady's Guide to London 6716: 6694: 6664: 6617:Lloyd-Jones, Nick (4 May 2005). 6610: 6591: 6560: 6544:. Beerandpub.com. Archived from 6507: 6495: 6464: 6437: 6419:"Inns and Taverns of Old London" 6410: 6355:British Beer and Pub Association 6343: 6295:"Blue Plaque – The Rifleman Inn" 6287: 6268: 6249: 6226: 6200: 6179: 6153: 6096: 6069: 6043: 5993: 5967: 5955:from the original on 25 May 2014 5937: 5925:from the original on 12 May 2013 5906: 5844: 5817: 5805:from the original on 2 July 2009 5790: 5763: 5736: 5709: 5682: 5655: 5628: 5601: 5574: 5541: 5523:"Dictionary of Phrase and Fable" 5514: 5425:"Culture UK – Pub and Inn Signs" 5331:Essential Surrey & SW London 5037:from the original on 17 May 2013 5008:from the original on 1 June 2009 4649:. English Heritage. p. 93. 4586:from the original on 10 May 2010 4216:from the original on 4 June 2009 3926:. AMLWCH History. Archived from 3683:from the original on 22 May 2015 3399:. 29 August 2018. Archived from 3268:. Jacqui Small LLP. p. 29. 2919:, the British soap broadcast on 2483:(MPs) and political journalists. 2300:in Buckinghamshire as his base. 1607: 1574:John Manners, Marquess of Granby 1029: 970:A "beer engine" is a device for 874:those served in the public bar. 340:Worshipful Company of Innholders 10387:Types of drinking establishment 7191:Hackwood, Frederick W. (1910). 7108:Kelner, Simon (7 August 2019). 7023: 5826:"Shove Ha'penny – Online Guide" 5691:"Aunt Sally – The Online Guide" 5501: 5476: 5443: 5417: 5392: 5377: 5337: 5325:Farrah, Sophie (17 July 2019). 5318: 5306:Gray, Daniella (25 July 2019). 5299: 5277: 5180: 5153: 5121: 5103: 5076: 5059:The Pub: A Cultural Institution 5049: 5020: 4989: 4930: 4909: 4887: 4861: 4835: 4814:. Etica Press Ltd. p. 30. 4801: 4775: 4768:Evans, David G., et al. (1975) 4762: 4740: 4719: 4697: 4670: 4636: 4617: 4568: 4552:Kerley, Paul (28 August 2015). 4545: 4524: 4498: 4472: 4469:p.158. Dundurn Press Ltd., 1992 4429: 4371: 4355:Wilmore, James (25 June 2009). 4348: 4317: 4290: 4259: 4237:"'Smoking lock-ins' flaunt ban" 4228: 4198: 4167: 4141: 4109: 4083: 4031: 3996: 3970: 3952: 3898: 3872: 3845: 3822: 3796: 3774: 3742: 3721: 3695: 3669: 3643: 3617: 3561: 3535: 3517: 3499: 3470: 3452: 3434: 3415: 3385: 3352: 3337: 3311: 3282: 3265:The Pub: A Cultural Institution 2961:is an important meeting point. 2835:List of fictional bars and pubs 1689:of the aforementioned games to 1040:needs additional citations for 744: 722: 8380:History of alcoholic beverages 7692: 7257:Monson-Fitzjohn, G. J. (1926) 5664:"Bar Billiards – Online Guide" 5056:Brown, Pete (18 August 2016). 4624:Mellows, Phil (5 March 2019). 4482:. Ratebeer.com. Archived from 3625:"4000 pubs stuck in the 1980s" 3252: 3230: 3211: 3177: 3057: 2899:The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion 2809:. Prior to the opening of the 2553:, one of the three leaders of 1882:. In addition, dishes such as 1272: 1182: 959: 13: 1: 10372:Culture of the United Kingdom 7334: 6299:Tameside Metropolitan Borough 6275:Yarwood, Sam (15 July 2019). 6134:Guy, Jack (7 February 2022). 5945:"Pub grub gets out of pickle" 5913:Barry, Tina (29 April 2005). 5168:. The Brewery History Society 4916:Farley, David (24 May 2009). 4149:"Licensing – A Brief History" 3050: 2828: 2228: 1540:at work producing inn signs. 1459:compelled landlords to erect 859: 322:for the oldest pub in England 7170:. Truro: D. Bradford Barton. 6892:10.1080/1369801X.2014.937349 6713:(Retrieved 13 February 2010) 6479:. British Heritage Society. 6471:Paschke, Jean (March 2007). 4297:Kelsey, Rick (1 June 2015). 4235:Keegan, Mike (9 June 2008). 4212:. London. 23 November 2005. 4003:Beat, Kümin (1 April 2005). 3944:. History UK. Archived from 3422:Pub Rooms, pub accommodation 3066:"Origins of the English pub" 2438:. Several establishments in 1431: 1391: 1358: 1296: 1229: 1020: 112:) is in several countries a 7: 7195:. London: T. Fisher Unwin. 7052:Beer: the story of the pint 6724:"Lenin and Stalin met here" 3864:Phillips, Roderick (2014). 3218:Australian Drinking Culture 3022:List of public house topics 2964: 2737:-style public house in the 2097:and before that a theatre. 2000: 1773:, along with a pint of beer 1444:in south London, depicting 409:Famous London inns include 10: 10403: 7246:. Worcester: John Martin. 7232:(The History Press, 2021). 7007:. London. 23 November 2001 6080:. Whitebeertravels.co.uk. 5975:"CAMRA National Inventory" 5521:Brewer, E. Cobham (1898). 5507:Brewer, E. Cobham (1989), 5484:"Royal George, Cottingham" 4091:"Defence of the Realm Act" 4009:Contemporary Drug Problems 3479:The English Pub, A History 3007:Public houses in Australia 2832: 2700: 2372: 2344:. United States president 2257: 2084: 1933: 1758: 1733:Kilburn and the High Roads 1611: 1551: 1536:film of 1956 shows artist 1479:, was one such inspector. 1428:serves no alcohol at all. 1395: 1320: 1233: 1186: 1082: 963: 911: 781: 705: 579:, being demolished in 2008 511: 349: 257: 252: 40: 33: 26: 10249: 9808: 9794: 9628: 9437: 9214: 9210: 9196: 9005: 8779: 8543: 8539: 8525: 8425: 8372: 8368: 8357: 8274: 8195: 8127: 8115: 8080: 7999: 7990: 7852:Alcoholic spirits measure 7839: 7798: 7755: 7744: 7700: 7634: 7598: 7419: 7302:. London: B. T. Batsford. 7259:Quaint Signs of Olde Inns 6603:30 September 2010 at the 6033:. St Albans: CAMRA Books 5637:"Dominoes – Online Guide" 5404:www.thehistorypress.co.uk 5145:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4683:. Routledge. p. 80. 4127:British Newspaper Archive 4041:. University of Warwick. 2368: 2363:Blair's home constituency 2216:Longest and shortest name 2130:Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem 2100: 1905: 1189:Craft beer § Brewpub 689:, along with introducing 326:A traveller in the early 9652:Coconut and other palms 9024:Coconut and other palms 8395:History of Bordeaux wine 7347:templates for discussion 7283:107.8 (2012): 1397–1403. 7050:Cornell, Martyn (2003). 7030:Christy, Miller (1887). 6955:3 September 2009 at the 6648:. London. Archived from 6625:. London. Archived from 6002:"National Trust Website" 5160:Gutzke, David W (2005). 5115:20 November 2008 at the 4783:"Time Gentlemen Please!" 4480:"Time Gentlemen Please!" 4438:"Time Gentlemen Please!" 4274:. London. Archived from 4064:Archives, The National. 3910:, etching and engraving" 3128:Beer and Pub Association 3100:Greater London Authority 3002:Public houses in Ireland 2454:. The Canonbury Tavern, 2410:is a pub situated at 16 2205:Ye Olde Man & Scythe 2106:notable claims include: 1970:Ye Olde Man & Scythe 1747:that was a precursor to 1600:at "Boulogne Bouche" or 1547: 1522:. For example, a pub in 1419: 1200: 687:Defence of the Realm Act 549:Scottish & Newcastle 464:Advent of the modern pub 96:(painting of c. 1790 by 10362:17th-century neologisms 8480:Drinking establishments 8208:Craft cocktail movement 7525:Military officers' club 7413:Drinking establishments 7374:Encyclopædia Britannica 7300:The Old Inns of England 6758:Oxford University Press 6281:Manchester Evening News 6208:"Oldest Inn in Britain" 4845:. CAMRA. Archived from 4630:morningadvertiser.co.uk 4241:Manchester Evening News 4174:Seabury, Olive (2007). 3980:. University of Leeds. 3784:. BBC News. 4 July 2022 3729:"The Lost Pubs Project" 3653:. BBC. 28 August 2010. 3525:"The Tied House System" 3427:28 January 2016 at the 3289:Stenton, Frank (1970). 3223:9 November 2020 at the 3171:Encyclopædia Britannica 2509:The Punch Bowl, Mayfair 2385:Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese 1924:the Crown Liquor Saloon 1754: 1727:Pubs may be venues for 949:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 896: 696:State Management Scheme 575:The Red Lion, a pub in 345: 289:Romano-British kingdoms 10341:Business and economics 9687:Sugarcane or molasses 9124:Sugarcane or molasses 8363:History and production 8213:Drinking establishment 7377:(11th ed.). 1911. 7321:62.1 (2019): 267-287. 7319:The Historical Journal 7134:Burke, Thomas (1947). 7127:Burke, Thomas (1930). 7120:Burke, Thomas (1927). 7065:Haydon, Peter (2001). 6000:Trinder-Widdess, Zoe. 5312:Health & Wellbeing 4897:. BBC. 27 January 2009 4610:21 August 2014 at the 3529:Craft Beer and Brewing 3477:Haydon, Peter (1994). 3464:Craft Beer and Brewing 3349:, Bodley Head (p. 101) 3321:. Innholders Company. 3017:List of microbreweries 2850: 2750: 2719: 2675:in Cambridge is where 2549:was a pub named after 2521:Coleherne public house 2484: 2289: 2180:Ye Olde Salutation Inn 2160:the Old Ferry Boat Inn 2111:Ye Olde Fighting Cocks 1973: 1962: 1943: 1774: 1718:Sunday League Football 1650:, to the more obscure 1631: 1452: 1318: 1285: 1148:Organisations such as 992:William III of England 921: 779: 767: 663: 621: 580: 526:Decreasing numbers of 480: 368: 361:Peasants before an Inn 323: 312:Ye Olde Fighting Cocks 267: 114:drinking establishment 101: 86: 70: 8410:History of Rioja wine 7276:52.4 (2010): 517–535. 7242:Martin, John (1993). 7166:Douch, H. L. (1966). 7141:Clark, Peter (1983). 6706:31 March 2009 at the 5457:. 30 September 2016. 4808:Cole, Stuart (2007). 4412:"Pop Goes the Weasel" 4070:The National Archives 3679:. BBC. 6 March 2015. 2987:Campaign for Real Ale 2873:The Lord of the Rings 2842: 2732: 2714: 2697:Outside Great Britain 2501:Members of Parliament 2497:Palace of Westminster 2481:Members of Parliament 2479:and is frequented by 2470: 2298:Woughton-on-the-Green 2296:used the Swan Inn at 2284: 2254:Cultural associations 2123:Guinness World Record 1968: 1949: 1941: 1768: 1759:Further information: 1621: 1576:, who was the son of 1526:, East Sussex called 1457:Richard II of England 1442:the George, Southwark 1439: 1304: 1280: 919: 906:Campaign for Real Ale 773: 757: 734:ban on indoor smoking 654: 630:Beerhouse Act of 1830 619: 574: 493:Beerhouse Act of 1830 486:Industrial Revolution 471: 411:the George, Southwark 359: 320:Guinness World Record 310: 265: 92: 76: 56: 10121:Mammee apple flower 8400:History of Champagne 8309:Category: Bartending 7799:Non-alcoholic mixers 7368:"Public House" 7054:. London: Headline. 6210:. fatbadgers.co.uk. 5855:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5828:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5801:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5774:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5747:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5720:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5693:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5666:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5639:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5585:. Tradgames.org.uk. 5369:. 10 December 2016. 5033:. 4 September 2011. 4811:West from Paddington 4752:thecockatbroom.co.uk 4155:on 23 September 2015 3930:on 17 December 2007. 3886:on 12 September 2018 3576:. pp. 152–164. 3485:. pp. 197–220. 3244:. 10 December 2016. 3155:on 14 February 2012. 3124:"History of the pub" 3073:chivalryandwar.co.uk 2648:Oxford and Cambridge 2616:The Angel, Islington 2543:to pick up victims. 2477:Houses of Parliament 2461:The Moon Under Water 2361:, County Durham, in 2338:An Innkeeper's Diary 1977:Highest and remotest 1930:, Northern Ireland. 1876:chicken tikka masala 1323:Roadhouse (facility) 1244:is a hybrid pub and 1049:improve this article 302:Æthelred the Unready 29:Pub (disambiguation) 27:For other uses, see 10382:Restaurants by type 10171:Sugarcane/molasses 8614:Moscatel de Setúbal 8507:Yeast in winemaking 8495:Yeast in winemaking 8351:Alcoholic beverages 7757:Alcoholic beverages 7239:41 (2011): 121–137. 7145:. Harlow: Longman. 7084:. London: Collins. 7038:on 20 February 2012 6975:The Daily Telegraph 6797:"What's the Craic?" 6646:The Daily Telegraph 6573:The Daily Telegraph 6477:britishheritage.com 6425:on 17 February 2012 6245:on 19 October 2010. 6239:Eastern Daily Press 6029:Evans, Jeff (2004) 5981:on 19 February 2012 5427:. Historic-uk.com. 5030:The Good Food Guide 5002:The Daily Telegraph 4943:The Daily Telegraph 4923:The Washington Post 4733:The Daily Telegraph 4486:on 20 February 2009 4330:The Daily Telegraph 4129:. 28 September 1914 3966:on 10 January 2007. 3483:Robert Hale Limited 3403:on 24 December 2019 3293:Anglo Saxon England 3149:"Great British Pub" 2823:Perseverance Tavern 2795:Niagara-on-the-Lake 2779:Republic of Ireland 2769:("tavernhouse") or 2653:The Eagle and Child 2622:, the first on the 2547:Jack Straw's Castle 2444:Pillars of Hercules 2397:Ye Olde Cock Tavern 2312:gave its name to a 2022:The Lakeside Inn – 1538:Michael Farrar-Bell 1533:British Pathé News 1473:William Shakespeare 1266:The Good Food Guide 823:Pop goes the weasel 586:smoking ban of 2007 472:Goldfinger Tavern, 8405:History of Chianti 8373:History of alcohol 8257:official cocktails 8121:List of bartenders 7225:(Routledge, 2016). 7069:. Stroud: Sutton. 6853:webdoc.sub.gwdg.de 6361:on 14 October 2019 6167:on 16 October 2009 5919:The Brooklyn Paper 5388:British Pathe News 5194:Morning Advertiser 5166:breweryhistory.com 5133:Southern Life (UK) 4713:breweryhistory.com 4704:Brandwood, Geoff. 4465:David Kemp (1992) 4444:on 28 January 2013 3906:"William Hogarth, 3758:. 24 August 2017. 3627:. 29 August 2013. 3574:Palgrave Macmillan 3446:Morning Advertiser 3262:(18 August 2016). 3037:Licensing Act 1904 2949:Queen Elizabeth II 2878:the Leaky Cauldron 2851: 2819:Tavern of the Seas 2815:Tavern of the Seas 2791:the Olde Angel Inn 2751: 2733:Pub Pikilinna, an 2720: 2638:Lyons Corner House 2485: 2393:Prospect of Whitby 2290: 2053:The Signal Box Inn 2042:The Smiths Arms – 1974: 1963: 1944: 1798:South East England 1775: 1741:the Kursaal Flyers 1632: 1453: 1412:2003 Licensing Act 1319: 1286: 996:Mary II of England 938:Beerhouse Act 1830 922: 780: 768: 713:Licensing Act 2003 664: 622: 603:, followed by the 581: 567:Decline in Britain 545:Grand Metropolitan 481: 369: 324: 268: 116:licensed to serve 102: 94:The Ale-House Door 87: 71: 10377:Community centres 10262: 10261: 10245: 10244: 9948:Chocolate liqueur 9909:Blackthorn shrub 9790: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9742:Various starches 9498:Tennessee whiskey 9192: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9159:Various starches 8521: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8415:History of Sherry 8317: 8316: 8298:liquor portal 8203:Bartending school 8177:Six o'clock swill 8111: 8110: 8093:Cocktail umbrella 8027:Maraschino cherry 7932:Margarita machine 7897:Cocktail strainer 7723:Cocktail waitress 7660: 7659: 7296:Richardson, A. E. 7286:Nicholls, James. 7184:Gutzke, David W. 7075:978-0-7509-2748-2 7060:978-0-7553-1165-1 6829:on 9 October 2013 6752:Regis, Ed (2009) 6053:. The Old Forge. 5915:"Better Pub Grub" 5560:978-1-84022-266-1 5129:"The Country Pub" 5027:"Gastropub RIP". 4821:978-1-905633-05-0 4574:Fox, Kate (1996) 4558:BBC News Magazine 4206:"R.I.P. Lock-ins" 4187:978-1-904147-30-5 3866:Alcohol A History 3583:978-0-230-29857-6 3319:"Company History" 3197:978-1-873150-53-5 3109:978-1-84781-654-2 2916:Coronation Street 2642:Co-operative Bank 2610:Clerkenwell Green 2399:and many others. 2318:Daphne du Maurier 2199:Norwich Cathedral 2184:English Civil War 2143:The Nags Head in 2138:Nottingham Castle 2032:The Little Gem – 1951:The Crooked House 1872:ploughman's lunch 1852:steak and ale pie 1826:ploughman's lunch 1818:London's East End 1678:becoming common. 1656:nine men's morris 1528:The Crow and Gate 1317:, Greater London. 1081: 1080: 1073: 867:social etiquettes 605:wave of inflation 508:Tied house system 458:England and Wales 381:a system of roads 185:, most also sell 16:(Redirected from 10394: 10339: 10338: 10327: 10326: 10325: 10315: 10314: 10303: 10302: 10301: 10291: 10290: 10279: 10278: 10270: 9869:Herbs de Majorca 9843:Anisado Mallorca 9796: 9795: 9598:American whiskey 9589:Multiple grains 9478:Buckwheat whisky 9212: 9211: 9198: 9197: 8971:Multiple grains 8541: 8540: 8532:Fermented drinks 8527: 8526: 8433:Alcohol industry 8370: 8369: 8359: 8358: 8344: 8337: 8330: 8321: 8320: 8306: 8305: 8296: 8295: 8286:Drink portal 8284: 8283: 8282: 8152:Flair bartending 7997: 7996: 7877:Beverage coaster 7750: 7687: 7680: 7673: 7664: 7663: 7642:Drinking culture 7560:(Western) saloon 7424:Alcohol-free bar 7406: 7399: 7392: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7370: 7305:Yeomans, Henry. 7274:Business history 7228:Jennings, Paul. 7221:Jennings, Paul. 7211:Hailwood, Mark. 7160:Christopher Hill 7117: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6966: 6960: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6894: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6825:. Archived from 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6803:on 17 April 2008 6793: 6787: 6786: 6774: 6768: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6720: 6714: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6678:. 4 March 1976. 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6614: 6608: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6380: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6357:. Archived from 6351:"25th July 2018" 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6321: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6241:. Archived from 6233:Sargent, Peter. 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6104:Historic England 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6078:"Signal Box Inn" 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6047: 6041: 6027: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5951:. 27 June 2005. 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5884: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5851:Masters, James. 5848: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5824:Masters, James. 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5797:Masters, James. 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5770:Masters, James. 5767: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5743:Masters, James. 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5716:Masters, James. 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5689:Masters, James. 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5635:Masters, James. 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5608:Masters, James. 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5581:Masters, James. 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5518: 5512: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5396: 5390: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5351:. 13 March 2020. 5341: 5335: 5334: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5261:. Archived from 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5197:. Archived from 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5136: 5125: 5119: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4875:on 10 April 2004 4871:. Archived from 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4849:on 20 April 2011 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4785:. ratebeer.com. 4779: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4710: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4621: 4615: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4508:. Archived from 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4476: 4470: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4440:. Archived from 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4385:. 15 July 2009. 4375: 4369: 4368: 4367:on 17 July 2011. 4363:. Archived from 4352: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4247:on 21 April 2013 4243:. Archived from 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4151:. Archived from 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3753: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3599:"UK Beer Market" 3594: 3588: 3587: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3549:on 6 August 2020 3539: 3533: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3438: 3432: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3356: 3350: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3296: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3234: 3228: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3151:. Archived from 3145: 3136: 3135: 3134:on 13 July 2010. 3130:. Archived from 3120: 3114: 3113: 3097: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3070: 3061: 2931:) is the pub in 2825:opened in 1808. 2775:Northern Ireland 2739:Tammela district 2690:The Double Helix 2665:J. R. R. Tolkien 2624:Great North Road 2570:the Blind Beggar 2563:Second World War 2555:Peasants' Revolt 2495:is close to the 2475:is close to the 2471:The Red Lion in 2452:Coach and Horses 2412:Charlotte Street 2326:Alfred Hitchcock 2275:Canterbury Tales 2170:The Bingley Arms 1896:chilli con carne 1864:bangers and mash 1786:pork scratchings 1660:ringing the bull 1602:Boulogne-sur-Mer 1560:Slug and Lettuce 1477:John Shakespeare 1440:The pub sign of 1349:Second World War 1120:regional brewery 1076: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1056: 1033: 1025: 835:weasel and stoat 750:Saloon or lounge 454:legal profession 446:Inns of Chancery 363:by Dutch artist 298:Wantage law code 120:for consumption 118:alcoholic drinks 21: 10402: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10392: 10391: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10333: 10323: 10321: 10309: 10299: 10297: 10285: 10273: 10265: 10263: 10258: 10241: 10210:Crème de cassis 10205:Crème de banane 10191:Various fruits 10060:Crème de menthe 9821:Crème de Noyaux 9804: 9782: 9624: 9608:Canadian whisky 9582:Kaoliang liquor 9488:Bourbon whiskey 9453:Japanese whisky 9433: 9402:Marillenschnaps 9378:Various fruits 9206: 9184: 9013:Agave americana 9001: 8775: 8730:Various fruits 8535: 8513: 8421: 8390:History of wine 8385:History of beer 8364: 8353: 8348: 8318: 8313: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8270: 8191: 8123: 8107: 8076: 7986: 7892:Cocktail shaker 7835: 7794: 7751: 7742: 7696: 7691: 7661: 7656: 7630: 7594: 7415: 7410: 7365: 7350: 7331: 7237:Local Historian 7136:The English Inn 7129:The English Inn 7104: 7102:Further reading 7082:The English Pub 7041: 7039: 7026: 7021: 7020: 7010: 7008: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6984: 6982: 6967: 6963: 6957:Wayback Machine 6946: 6942: 6932: 6930: 6920: 6916: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6855: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6832: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6795: 6794: 6790: 6775: 6771: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6722: 6721: 6717: 6708:Wayback Machine 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6638: 6634: 6629:on 2 June 2013. 6623:The Independent 6615: 6611: 6605:Wayback Machine 6596: 6592: 6582: 6580: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6548:on 26 July 2009 6540: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6520:The Independent 6512: 6508: 6500: 6496: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6465: 6456: 6454: 6449:, Historic UK, 6443: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6381: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6322: 6313: 6303: 6301: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6273: 6269: 6254: 6250: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6191: 6189: 6187:"Domesday book" 6185: 6184: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6101: 6097: 6087: 6085: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6051:"The Old Forge" 6049: 6048: 6044: 6028: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5741: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5519: 5515: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5451:"The Inn Crowd" 5449: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5382: 5378: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5323: 5319: 5304: 5300: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5265:on 12 June 2020 5253: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5229:The Independent 5221: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5201:on 28 July 2020 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5158: 5154: 5138: 5137: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5117:Wayback Machine 5108: 5104: 5097: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4977:on 3 March 2008 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4935: 4931: 4914: 4910: 4900: 4898: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4763: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4724: 4720: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4641: 4637: 4622: 4618: 4612:Wayback Machine 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4550: 4546: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4512:on 22 July 2015 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4464: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4410: 4409: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4272:The Independent 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4188: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4097:on 3 April 2009 4089: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3948:on 19 May 2009. 3940: 3939: 3935: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 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Basingstoke: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3492:9-780709-056942 3475: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3448:. 5 March 2019. 3440: 3439: 3435: 3429:Wayback Machine 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3357: 3353: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3257: 3253: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3225:Wayback Machine 3216: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3182: 3178: 3173:. 22 July 2021. 3165: 3164: 3160: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3095: 3087: 3080: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3048: 2982:Flat-roofed pub 2967: 2927:(short for the 2857:Treasure Island 2837: 2831: 2799:student's union 2767:teach tábhairne 2741:of the city of 2709: 2699: 2650: 2640:, and is now a 2618:was formerly a 2594:South Hill Park 2586:Jack the Ripper 2537:Rudolph Nureyev 2529:Freddie Mercury 2448:the Colony Room 2389:Charles Dickens 2377: 2371: 2330:John Fothergill 2328:. In the 1920s 2292:The highwayman 2262: 2256: 2231: 2218: 2103: 2087: 2014:Bury St Edmunds 2003: 1987:North Yorkshire 1979: 1936: 1908: 1844:microwave ovens 1763: 1761:English cuisine 1757: 1628:Gloucestershire 1616: 1610: 1586:King George III 1556: 1550: 1434: 1422: 1400: 1394: 1361: 1325: 1299: 1281:The Crown Inn, 1275: 1238: 1232: 1203: 1191: 1185: 1139:The Beer Orders 1091: 1083:Main articles: 1077: 1066: 1060: 1057: 1046: 1034: 1023: 968: 962: 953:Swindon station 914: 899: 862: 794: 752: 747: 725: 708: 614: 569: 560:the Beer Orders 520: 510: 478:flat-roofed pub 466: 354: 348: 260: 255: 122:on the premises 98:Henry Singleton 79:the World's End 49: 46: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10400: 10390: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10344: 10343: 10331: 10319: 10307: 10295: 10283: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10250: 10247: 10246: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10189: 10188: 10187: 10179: 10178: 10177: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10154: 10153: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10112: 10104: 10103: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10074: 10073: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10022: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10007: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9992: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9934:Chili peppers 9932: 9931: 9930: 9925: 9923:Cherry Heering 9917: 9916: 9915: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9897: 9896: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9871: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9848: 9847: 9846: 9845: 9833: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9818: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9780: 9779: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9740: 9739: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9721:Seco Herrerano 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9685: 9684: 9683: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9650: 9649: 9648: 9643: 9632: 9630: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9552: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9533:Mixiang Baijiu 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9502: 9501: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9472: 9471: 9470: 9462: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9441: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9376: 9375: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9334: 9333: 9332: 9327: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9309: 9308: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9254: 9253: 9252: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9227: 9218: 9216: 9208: 9207: 9205:by ingredients 9194: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9087: 9086: 9085: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9009: 9007: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8834: 8833: 8832: 8827: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8783: 8781: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8708: 8707: 8706: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8688: 8687: 8686: 8678: 8677: 8676: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8658: 8657: 8656: 8648: 8647: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8583: 8582: 8581: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8547: 8545: 8537: 8536: 8534:by ingredients 8523: 8522: 8519: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8440: 8435: 8429: 8427: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8387: 8382: 8376: 8374: 8366: 8365: 8355: 8354: 8347: 8346: 8339: 8332: 8324: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8300: 8288: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8261: 8260: 8259: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8237: 8236: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8210: 8205: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8133: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8117: 8113: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8098:Drinking straw 8095: 8090: 8088:Cocktail stick 8084: 8082: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8017:Cocktail onion 8014: 8009: 8003: 8001: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7977:Wine dispenser 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7947:Muddling spoon 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7718:Beer sommelier 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7690: 7689: 7682: 7675: 7667: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7621:United Kingdom 7618: 7613: 7611:Ottoman Empire 7608: 7602: 7600: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7409: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7363: 7358: 7330: 7329:External links 7327: 7326: 7325: 7314: 7313: 7303: 7292: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7255: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7219: 7216: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7189: 7182: 7171: 7164: 7154: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7078: 7063: 7048: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7018: 6992: 6961: 6940: 6914: 6885:(6): 795–817. 6865: 6840: 6814: 6788: 6769: 6745: 6715: 6711:FancyaPint.com 6693: 6663: 6632: 6609: 6590: 6559: 6533: 6506: 6494: 6463: 6436: 6409: 6372: 6342: 6311: 6286: 6267: 6248: 6225: 6199: 6178: 6152: 6126: 6095: 6068: 6042: 6019: 6008:on 23 May 2006 5992: 5966: 5936: 5905: 5870: 5843: 5816: 5789: 5762: 5735: 5708: 5681: 5654: 5627: 5616:on 2 June 2009 5600: 5573: 5559: 5540: 5513: 5500: 5475: 5442: 5416: 5391: 5376: 5354: 5336: 5317: 5298: 5276: 5259:micropub.co.uk 5246: 5212: 5179: 5152: 5120: 5102: 5095: 5075: 5068: 5048: 5019: 4988: 4956: 4929: 4908: 4886: 4860: 4834: 4820: 4800: 4774: 4761: 4739: 4718: 4696: 4689: 4669: 4655: 4635: 4616: 4597: 4567: 4544: 4523: 4497: 4471: 4455: 4428: 4400: 4370: 4347: 4316: 4289: 4278:on 28 May 2009 4258: 4227: 4197: 4186: 4166: 4140: 4108: 4082: 4056: 4030: 3995: 3969: 3951: 3933: 3915: 3897: 3871: 3856: 3844: 3821: 3795: 3773: 3741: 3720: 3694: 3668: 3642: 3616: 3589: 3582: 3560: 3534: 3516: 3511:Staff handbook 3498: 3491: 3469: 3451: 3433: 3414: 3384: 3377: 3351: 3336: 3310: 3303: 3281: 3274: 3251: 3229: 3210: 3196: 3176: 3167:"Public House" 3158: 3137: 3115: 3108: 3078: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2929:Queen Victoria 2913:is the pub in 2882:the Hog's Head 2863:Peaky Blinders 2830: 2827: 2707:Australian pub 2698: 2695: 2649: 2646: 2602:Vladimir Lenin 2408:Fitzroy Tavern 2381:Samuel Johnson 2370: 2367: 2346:George W. Bush 2266:the Tabard Inn 2255: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2230: 2227: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2202: 2187: 2177: 2167: 2156: 2141: 2127: 2102: 2099: 2086: 2083: 2064: 2063: 2050: 2040: 2030: 2020: 2002: 1999: 1978: 1975: 1935: 1932: 1912:National Trust 1907: 1904: 1860:fish and chips 1856:shepherd's pie 1756: 1753: 1707:Shove ha'penny 1676:table football 1609: 1606: 1552:Main article: 1549: 1546: 1507:inscriptions. 1455:In 1393, King 1433: 1430: 1426:temperance bar 1421: 1418: 1402:In Britain, a 1396:Main article: 1393: 1390: 1360: 1357: 1337:arterial roads 1321:Main article: 1298: 1295: 1274: 1271: 1234:Main article: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1202: 1199: 1187:Main article: 1184: 1181: 1123:Shepherd Neame 1079: 1078: 1037: 1035: 1028: 1022: 1019: 964:Main article: 961: 958: 913: 910: 898: 895: 861: 858: 751: 748: 746: 743: 724: 721: 707: 704: 661:Greater London 613: 612:Licensing laws 610: 601:Covid pandemic 590:British Muslim 568: 565: 509: 506: 465: 462: 350:Main article: 347: 344: 259: 256: 254: 251: 161:, and through 151: 150: 147: 144: 141: 47: 36:Public housing 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10399: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10330: 10320: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10306: 10296: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10271: 10268: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10176: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10145:Grand Marnier 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10005:Cream liqueur 10003: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9963: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9627: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9583: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9458:Scotch whisky 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9448:Irish whiskey 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9436: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9316: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9238: 9237: 9236:Cashew apple 9235: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9195: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9148:Fermented tea 9146: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9074: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9004: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8930:Shaoxing wine 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8778: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8720:Prickly pear 8719: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8524: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8424: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8345: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8331: 8326: 8325: 8322: 8310: 8301: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8287: 8277: 8276: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8167:Ladies' night 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8103:Swizzle stick 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8002: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7967:Swizzle stick 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7952:Nutmeg grater 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7797: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7749: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7728:Nightclub act 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7688: 7683: 7681: 7676: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7665: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7626:North America 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7414: 7407: 7402: 7400: 7395: 7393: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7376: 7375: 7369: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7332: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7267:1-85958-028-9 7264: 7260: 7256: 7253: 7252:1-85421-225-7 7249: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7204:0-946495-25-4 7201: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7155: 7152: 7151:0-582-50835-5 7148: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7105: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7090:0-00-216210-5 7087: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7037: 7033: 7028: 7027: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6944: 6929: 6925: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6879:Interventions 6876: 6869: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6802: 6798: 6792: 6784: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6765:0-19-538341-9 6762: 6759: 6755: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6701:"The Magdala" 6697: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6652:on 5 May 2013 6651: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6594: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6502:My Three Inns 6498: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6440: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6389:The Telegraph 6386: 6379: 6377: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6229: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6188: 6182: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6039:1-85249-198-1 6036: 6032: 6026: 6024: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5858: 5854: 5847: 5831: 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3745: 3730: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3507:"Greene King" 3502: 3494: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3380: 3378:9780199655786 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3306: 3304:9780198217169 3300: 3295: 3294: 3285: 3277: 3275:9781911127017 3271: 3267: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3214: 3199: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3093: 3085: 3083: 3074: 3067: 3060: 3056: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2911:Rovers Return 2908: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2858: 2848: 2847: 2841: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2677:Francis Crick 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2657:Lamb and Flag 2654: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2633:Rights of Man 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2606:Joseph Stalin 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2542: 2541:Colin Ireland 2538: 2534: 2533:Kenny Everett 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2505:Division bell 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2436:George Orwell 2433: 2432:Augustus John 2429: 2425: 2421: 2420:intellectuals 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2394: 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1778: 1772: 1769:Pub grub – a 1767: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683:slot machines 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648:bar billiards 1645: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1608:Entertainment 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594:Chaton Fidèle 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1496:paraphernalia 1492: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1429: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376:, Goth pubs, 1375: 1371: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1353:drunk driving 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1294: 1292: 1284: 1279: 1270: 1268: 1267: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1198: 1196: 1190: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154:Punch Taverns 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1086: 1075: 1072: 1064: 1054: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1038:This section 1036: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1018: 1014: 1013:(1748–1814). 1012: 1011:Joseph Bramah 1008: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 988: 985: 982: 979: 977: 973: 967: 957: 954: 950: 946: 943: 942:Brierley Hill 939: 934: 931: 927: 918: 909: 907: 903: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 875: 871: 868: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 832: 831:rhyming slang 828: 824: 820: 819:nursery rhyme 816: 811: 809: 804: 800: 793: 792:Oyster saloon 789: 785: 777: 772: 765: 761: 756: 742: 738: 735: 731: 720: 718: 714: 703: 701: 697: 692: 688: 683: 679: 675: 673: 669: 662: 658: 653: 649: 647: 642: 640: 635: 631: 626: 618: 609: 606: 602: 597: 595: 591: 587: 578: 573: 564: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 524: 519: 515: 505: 503: 497: 494: 489: 487: 479: 475: 470: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 442:Inns of Court 438: 436: 431: 426: 424: 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S. Lewis 2588:. In 1955, 2578:Ronnie Kray 2574:Whitechapel 2561:during the 2525:Earls Court 2517:Guy Ritchie 2342:H. G. 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