31:
983:
959:
971:
43:
1030:
804:
Monteiro dos Santos, Ricardo
Barreto; dos Santos, Saulo Monteiro; Carneiro Leal, Flávio José Câmara; Lins, Otávio Gomes; Magalhães, Carmem; Mertens Fittipaldi, Ricardo Bruno (April 17, 2015).
958:
346:. This is most prominent when the arm is lifted forward or when the patient pushes the outstretched arm against a wall. However, even winging may not be evident until the
428:
Tubbs, R. Shane; Goodrich, Dylan; Watanabe, Koichi; Loukas, Marios (January 1, 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.),
129:
245:. It extends along the side of the thorax to the lower border of the serratus anterior muscle, supplying fibres to each of the muscle's digitations.
1020:
105:
1182:
1178:
1258:
1254:
863:"Isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle: surgical release of the distal segment of the long thoracic nerve in 52 patients"
631:
Ostrowska, Monika; de
Carvalho, Mamede (January 1, 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.),
1058:
982:
1341:
1316:
1355:
1328:
931:
652:
548:
502:
449:
403:
1345:
1244:
1173:
749:"Long Thoracic Nerve Injury Caused by Overhead Weight Lifting Leading to Scapular Dyskinesis and Medial Scapular Winging"
572:
Fischer, J. (2012). Anatomy of the Axilla. Fischer's
Mastery of Surgery, 2 Volume Set. Retrieved September 20, 2015 from
1351:
1147:
481:; Jones, H. Royden (January 1, 2015), Darras, Basil T.; Jones, H. Royden; Ryan, Monique M.; De Vivo, Darryl C. (eds.),
1407:
1250:
1214:
1168:
1337:
1230:
692:
Belmonte, Roser; Monleon, Sandra; Bofill, Neus; Alvarado, Martha Ligia; Espadaler, Josep; Royo, Inmaculada (2015).
136:
1219:
1067:
1051:
1003:
124:
1023:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The major subdivisions and terminal nerves of the
1365:
1240:
1235:
1159:
964:
The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front.
1361:
1275:
1163:
910:
Preston, David C.; Shapiro, Barbara E. (January 1, 2013), Preston, David C.; Shapiro, Barbara E. (eds.),
911:
632:
528:
482:
429:
383:
1264:
35:
Nerves of the left upper extremity. (Long thoracic labeled vertically at shoulder, to left of artery.)
316:
1412:
1044:
339:
254:
242:
174:
76:
694:"Long thoracic nerve injury in breast cancer patients treated with axillary lymph node dissection"
527:
Tomberlin, John (January 1, 2009), Wilk, Kevin E.; Reinold, Michael M.; Andrews, James R. (eds.),
430:"Chapter 43 - Anatomic Landmarks for Selected Nerves of the Head, Neck, and Upper and Lower Limbs"
51:
with its short branches, viewed from in front. (Long thoracic labeled at center, third from top.)
1299:
1295:
1105:
573:
206:
202:
198:
1143:
1131:
112:
100:
334:
Symptoms are often minimal – if symptomatic, a posterior shoulder or scapular burning type of
1201:
1085:
222:
307:
209:. The root from C7 may occasionally be absent. The roots from C5 and C6 pierce through the
999:
970:
588:
Bertelli, Jayme
Augusto (2005). "Long Thoracic Nerve: Anatomy and Functional Assessment".
8:
1305:
1101:
861:
Le Nail, L. R.; Bacle, G.; Marteau, E.; Corcia, P.; Favard, L.; Laulan, J. (June 2014).
923:
838:
805:
786:
729:
644:
494:
441:
395:
927:
892:
884:
843:
825:
778:
770:
721:
713:
648:
613:
605:
544:
540:
498:
445:
399:
30:
790:
733:
919:
874:
833:
817:
760:
705:
640:
597:
536:
490:
437:
391:
258:
1386:
1024:
270:
230:
226:
210:
170:
166:
65:
48:
1036:
273:
course, the long thoracic nerve is susceptible to injury, either through direct
1312:
1286:
1015:
1010:
879:
862:
821:
747:
Berthold, Justin B.; Burg, Timothy M.; Nussbaum, Ryan Paul (February 1, 2017).
487:
Neuromuscular
Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (Second Edition)
359:
343:
803:
709:
1401:
888:
829:
774:
717:
609:
303:
234:
191:
117:
693:
313:
carrying weight, such as heavy bags, over the shoulder for a prolonged time.
1324:
1271:
1155:
1123:
896:
847:
782:
725:
617:
478:
274:
195:
765:
748:
1226:
1193:
1096:
601:
142:
338:
may be reported. Some injuries, particularly lesions, can paralyse the
320:
347:
327:
293:
238:
529:"CHAPTER 53 - Neurodynamic Techniques for the Athlete's Shoulder"
299:
289:
282:
574:
http://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/1608317404/ch0046s1193
691:
88:
916:
677:"An Isolated Long Thoracic Nerve Injury in a Navy Airman".
427:
335:
1033:- BlueLink Anatomy - University of Michigan Medical School
388:
350:
stretches enough to reveal an injury several weeks later.
42:
860:
535:, Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 707–717,
867:
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research
590:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
912:"31 - Proximal Neuropathies of the Shoulder and Arm"
746:
630:
386:, in Aminoff, Michael J.; Daroff, Robert B. (eds.),
988:
Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown
633:"Chapter 34 - Injuries of the Nerves of the Thorax"
213:, while the C7 root passes in front of the muscle.
1066:
292:injuries, typically occurring from a blow to the
1399:
639:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 525–543,
489:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 243–273,
436:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 575–588,
909:
583:
581:
1052:
221:The long thoracic nerve descends through the
390:, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 448–450,
1122:
918:, London: W.B. Saunders, pp. 487–500,
578:
1059:
1045:
672:
670:
277:or stretch. Mechanisms of injury include:
41:
29:
878:
837:
764:
526:
477:
381:
587:
264:
190:The long thoracic nerve arises from the
667:
533:The Athlete's Shoulder (Second Edition)
257:. It supplies filaments to each of its
253:The long thoracic nerve innervates the
241:. It rests on the outer surface of the
216:
1400:
1040:
950:
568:
566:
522:
520:
473:
471:
469:
467:
423:
421:
377:
375:
13:
924:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2672-1.00031-3
645:10.1016/b978-0-12-802653-3.00083-x
495:10.1016/b978-0-12-417044-5.00014-7
442:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00045-7
396:10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00699-0
302:for shoulder and thorax. Treating
159:external respiratory nerve of Bell
14:
1424:
1317:superior lateral cutaneous of arm
993:
563:
517:
464:
418:
382:Rakocevic, G. (January 1, 2014),
372:
981:
969:
957:
541:10.1016/b978-044306701-3.50056-6
137:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
903:
854:
810:Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia
797:
753:Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
740:
483:"Chapter 14 – Mononeuropathies"
296:underneath an outstretched arm.
685:
624:
1:
1068:Nerve supply of the human arm
1004:Duke University Health System
365:
1148:lateral cutaneous of forearm
269:Due to its long, relatively
237:. This takes it deep to the
180:
7:
1215:medial cutaneous of forearm
806:"Parsonage–Turner syndrome"
353:
261:(finger-like projections).
248:
10:
1429:
880:10.1016/j.otsr.2014.03.004
822:10.1016/j.rboe.2015.04.002
173:C5-C7 that innervates the
1379:
1285:
1192:
1115:
1074:
710:10.1007/s00520-014-2338-5
698:Supportive Care in Cancer
637:Nerves and Nerve Injuries
434:Nerves and Nerve Injuries
317:Parsonage Turner Syndrome
225:. It is posterior to the
185:
135:
123:
111:
99:
87:
82:
72:
61:
56:
40:
28:
23:
1408:Nerves of the upper limb
1021:Anatomy figure: 05:03-07
340:serratus anterior muscle
255:serratus anterior muscle
243:serratus anterior muscle
175:serratus anterior muscle
163:posterior thoracic nerve
94:nervus thoracicus longus
77:Serratus anterior muscle
1342:inferior lateral of arm
1220:medial cutaneous of arm
1366:posterior interosseous
1006:'s Orthopedics program
384:"Thoracic Nerve, Long"
1356:dorsal digital nerves
1259:proper palmar digital
1255:common palmar digital
1245:dorsal digital nerves
1183:proper palmar digital
1179:common palmar digital
1164:anterior interosseous
873:(4 Suppl): S243–248.
766:10.7556/jaoa.2017.025
265:Clinical significance
223:cervicoaxillary canal
165:) is a branch of the
1346:posterior of forearm
602:10.2106/JBJS.D.02383
308:axillary lymph nodes
217:Course and relations
1031:Long Thoracic Nerve
1000:Long thoracic nerve
155:long thoracic nerve
24:Long thoracic nerve
1395:
1394:
1375:
1374:
1106:to the subclavius
951:Additional images
933:978-1-4557-2672-1
679:Military Medicine
654:978-0-12-802653-3
550:978-0-443-06701-3
504:978-0-12-417044-5
451:978-0-12-410390-0
405:978-0-12-385158-1
151:
150:
146:
1420:
1338:posterior of arm
1144:musculocutaneous
1132:lateral pectoral
1120:
1119:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1037:
985:
973:
961:
944:
943:
942:
940:
907:
901:
900:
882:
858:
852:
851:
841:
801:
795:
794:
768:
744:
738:
737:
689:
683:
682:
674:
665:
664:
663:
661:
628:
622:
621:
585:
576:
570:
561:
560:
559:
557:
524:
515:
514:
513:
511:
479:Ryan, Monique M.
475:
462:
461:
460:
458:
425:
416:
415:
414:
412:
379:
306:with removal of
143:edit on Wikidata
140:
45:
33:
21:
20:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1413:Thoracic nerves
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1387:Brachial plexus
1371:
1281:
1206:ansa pectoralis
1202:medial pectoral
1188:
1136:ansa pectoralis
1116:Infraclavicular
1111:
1086:dorsal scapular
1075:Supraclavicular
1070:
1065:
1025:brachial plexus
996:
989:
986:
977:
976:Brachial plexus
974:
965:
962:
953:
948:
947:
938:
936:
934:
908:
904:
859:
855:
802:
798:
745:
741:
690:
686:
676:
675:
668:
659:
657:
655:
629:
625:
586:
579:
571:
564:
555:
553:
551:
525:
518:
509:
507:
505:
476:
465:
456:
454:
452:
426:
419:
410:
408:
406:
380:
373:
368:
356:
267:
251:
231:axillary artery
227:brachial plexus
219:
211:scalenus medius
188:
183:
171:cervical nerves
167:brachial plexus
147:
66:Brachial plexus
52:
49:brachial plexus
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1291:
1289:
1287:posterior cord
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1248:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1152:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1093:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1018:
1007:
995:
994:External links
992:
991:
990:
987:
980:
978:
975:
968:
966:
963:
956:
952:
949:
946:
945:
932:
902:
853:
816:(3): 336–341.
796:
759:(2): 133–137.
739:
704:(1): 169–175.
684:
666:
653:
623:
577:
562:
549:
516:
503:
463:
450:
417:
404:
370:
369:
367:
364:
363:
362:
360:Backpack palsy
355:
352:
344:winged scapula
332:
331:
324:
314:
311:
297:
286:
266:
263:
250:
247:
218:
215:
187:
184:
182:
179:
149:
148:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
46:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1425:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:thoracodorsal
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:subscapular (
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1102:suprascapular
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:long thoracic
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:Who Named It?
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
997:
984:
979:
972:
967:
960:
955:
954:
935:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
849:
845:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
800:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
680:
673:
671:
656:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
627:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
584:
582:
575:
569:
567:
552:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
523:
521:
506:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
472:
470:
468:
453:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
424:
422:
407:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
378:
376:
371:
361:
358:
357:
351:
349:
345:
342:to produce a
341:
337:
329:
325:
322:
318:
315:
312:
309:
305:
304:breast cancer
301:
298:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:
278:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
196:spinal nerves
193:
192:anterior rami
178:
176:
172:
169:derived from
168:
164:
160:
156:
144:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
55:
50:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1333:
1160:lateral root
1124:lateral cord
1095:
1089:
1081:
1009:
937:, retrieved
915:
905:
870:
866:
856:
813:
809:
799:
756:
752:
742:
701:
697:
687:
678:
658:, retrieved
636:
626:
596:(5): 993–8.
593:
589:
554:, retrieved
532:
508:, retrieved
486:
455:, retrieved
433:
409:, retrieved
387:
333:
268:
252:
220:
194:of cervical
189:
162:
158:
154:
152:
106:A14.2.03.012
93:
18:
1352:superficial
1278:: see above
1276:medial root
1251:superficial
1213:cutaneous:
1194:medial cord
1097:upper trunk
939:October 25,
660:October 25,
556:October 25,
510:October 25,
457:October 25,
411:October 25,
271:superficial
259:digitations
83:Identifiers
16:Large nerve
1402:Categories
366:References
326:trauma or
321:autoimmune
229:, and the
73:Innervates
47:The right
1334:cutaneous
1174:recurrent
1011:synd/2384
889:1877-0568
830:2255-4971
775:2702-3648
718:1433-7339
610:0021-9355
348:trapezius
328:infection
181:Structure
1329:muscular
1313:axillary
1231:muscular
897:24703793
848:26229940
791:25777654
783:28134956
734:25547808
726:25035064
618:15866961
354:See also
323:disease.
288:various
249:Function
239:clavicle
1002:at the
839:4519651
681:. 2004.
300:surgery
283:lesions
157:(also:
68:(C5-C7)
57:Details
1325:radial
1272:median
1241:dorsal
1236:palmar
1169:palmar
1156:median
930:
895:
887:
846:
836:
828:
789:
781:
773:
732:
724:
716:
651:
616:
608:
547:
501:
448:
402:
290:sports
281:nerve
275:trauma
205:, and
186:Origin
1380:Other
1300:lower
1296:upper
1227:ulnar
787:S2CID
730:S2CID
319:, an
141:[
130:65275
89:Latin
1362:deep
1265:deep
1082:root
941:2020
928:ISBN
893:PMID
885:ISSN
844:PMID
826:ISSN
779:PMID
771:ISSN
722:PMID
714:ISSN
662:2020
649:ISBN
614:PMID
606:ISSN
558:2020
545:ISBN
512:2020
499:ISBN
459:2020
446:ISBN
413:2020
400:ISBN
336:pain
294:ribs
235:vein
233:and
153:The
118:6410
101:TA98
62:From
1014:at
920:doi
875:doi
871:100
834:PMC
818:doi
761:doi
757:117
706:doi
641:doi
598:doi
537:doi
491:doi
438:doi
392:doi
161:or
125:FMA
113:TA2
1404::
1344:,
1340:,
1327::
1298:,
1257:,
1229::
1162::
1104:,
1088:,
1027:."
926:,
914:,
891:.
883:.
869:.
865:.
842:.
832:.
824:.
814:50
812:.
808:.
785:.
777:.
769:.
755:.
751:.
728:.
720:.
712:.
702:23
700:.
696:.
669:^
647:,
635:,
612:.
604:.
594:87
592:.
580:^
565:^
543:,
531:,
519:^
497:,
485:,
466:^
444:,
432:,
420:^
398:,
374:^
207:C7
203:C6
201:,
199:C5
177:.
1368:)
1364:(
1358:)
1354:(
1348:)
1336:(
1319:)
1315:(
1302:)
1274:/
1261:)
1253:(
1247:)
1243:(
1185:)
1181:(
1158:/
1150:)
1146:(
1108:)
1100:(
1092:)
1084:(
1060:e
1053:t
1046:v
922::
899:.
877::
850:.
820::
793:.
763::
736:.
708::
643::
620:.
600::
539::
493::
440::
394::
330:.
310:.
285:.
145:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
