236:, the prevailing notion in ancient Middle Eastern cultures was that bodily ailments and defects, such as blindness and loss of hearing, as well as circumstantial ailments, such as poverty, were punishments for sin; the blind, together with cripples and lepers, were outcast by society and were prevented from entering towns, becoming paupers as a result. The biblical provision of laws to protect individuals afflicted in this manner would have had the effect, perhaps intended, of reducing the prejudice they suffered.
184:
vow (which includes a vow to not partake in wine or grape products). The Talmud expresses caution in regard to figurative interpretations of this principle, emphasising that the law only really covers those situations where the other individual could not possibly have committed the transgression
175:
act by another individual, where the person in question would otherwise have lacked the opportunity or means to have committed the sin; for example, the Talmud takes the regulation to prohibit the giving of a cup of
215:, an authoritative codification of Jewish Law (Halacha), warns a father to not physically chastise older children, as this will only entice them to hit back, which in its view would be a capital offence (
197:)—if, for example, the person who took a nazirite vow had been about to take a glass of wine anyway, then handing them a glass of wine would not transgress
902:
201:. Examples of Lifnei iver: as Amnon had sought the advice of Jonadab in order to rape his half sister Tamar, Absalom had sought the advice of
205:
who advised
Absalom to have incestuous relations with his father's concubines in order to show all Israel how odious he was to his father .
98:
The regulation appears among a brief miscellany of regulations concerning ethical behaviour, covering issues such as consideration of the
817:
731:
887:
532:
358:
319:
137:
693:
47:," or allowing a person to proceed unawares in unsuspecting danger or culpability. The origin comes from the
756:
537:
248:, German expression for "stumbling block", a kind of memorial artwork by Gunter Demnig commemorating those
43:, "Before the Blind") is a Hebrew expression defining a prohibition against misleading people by use of a "
892:
897:
801:
57:
673:
632:
542:
488:
845:
775:
704:
687:
611:
211:
as a principle recurs many times in more practical applications of Jewish law. For example, the
840:
618:
469:
33:
527:
351:
110:
demonstrate similar concerns against exploiting individuals, but focus on different issues.
744:
8:
781:
439:
232:
569:
464:
434:
82:
as a distinct, and negative, concept is also established in
Christian theology: in the
563:
456:
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325:
315:
865:
851:
769:
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591:
344:
858:
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710:
336:
254:
83:
79:
72:
44:
24:
788:
738:
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410:
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216:
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is seen as a figuratively expressed prohibition against misleading people; the
881:
378:
249:
329:
580:
402:
282:
245:
575:
445:
418:
103:
717:
585:
136:
expanding its ramifications beyond a purely literal interpretation. In
133:
119:
202:
156:) argues that since the recipient of advice would be metaphorically
657:
521:
181:
107:
16:
Prohibition against misleading people by use of a "stumbling block"
53:וְלִפְנֵ֣י עִוֵּ֔ר לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן מִכְשֹׁ֑ל וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ
368:
153:
149:
125:
48:
823:
795:
762:
651:
558:
514:
507:
498:
482:
475:
168:
68:
724:
605:
598:
171:
extends the principle to also prohibit the facilitation of a
145:
177:
99:
172:
106:, not bearing grudges, the impartiality of justice, and
296:
294:
292:
160:
in regard to its accuracy, they would metaphorically
38:
366:
289:
185:without the aid of the first person violating the
56:"Before the blind, do not put a stumbling block" (
312:Misguiding the Perplexed: The Laws of Lifnei Iver
879:
352:
164:if the advice was damaging or otherwise bad.
51:
359:
345:
225:
430:(Stumbling block in front of the blind)
309:
903:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
880:
340:
230:According to the editors of the 1906
189:rule; this is known in the Talmud as
113:
93:
52:
28:
13:
732:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah
314:. Lakewood, NJ: Israel Book Shop.
14:
914:
67:is one of the offenses which the
705:One commandment leads to another
250:deported and killed by the Nazis
272:Sifra de-vei Rav, Kedoshim 2:14
138:classical rabbinical literature
414:(Sanctification of God's name)
275:
266:
108:leaving gleanings for the poor
1:
260:
180:to someone who has taken the
128:principles are derived from
7:
888:Jewish courts and civil law
390:(Desecration of God's name)
239:
71:argues to be punishable by
39:
10:
919:
117:
86:, it is known as creating
73:excommunication in Judaism
833:
810:
643:
551:
497:
455:
377:
422:(Derogatory information)
533:Forbidden relationships
674:B'rov am hadrat melech
372:(Jewish religious law)
310:Hoffman, Yair (2004).
191:two sides to the river
226:Academic perspectives
152:from the time of the
745:Positive commandment
688:Dina d'malkhuta dina
440:You shall not murder
195:Trei Ivrah deNaharah
644:Halakhic principles
398:(Theft of the mind)
301:Jewish Encyclopedia
233:Jewish Encyclopedia
893:Jewish ethical law
818:Capital punishment
465:Corpse uncleanness
114:In Jewish oral law
898:Negative Mitzvoth
875:
874:
538:Gender separation
37:
910:
782:Toch k'dei dibur
592:Terumat hamaaser
406:(Theft of sleep)
361:
354:
347:
338:
337:
333:
303:
298:
287:
279:
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104:an "evil tongue"
94:Biblical context
63:The Hebrew term
55:
54:
42:
32:
30:
918:
917:
913:
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911:
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559:Sabbatical year
547:
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276:
271:
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263:
255:Stumbling block
242:
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122:
116:
96:
84:Catholic Church
80:stumbling block
58:Leviticus 19:14
45:stumbling block
17:
12:
11:
5:
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906:
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900:
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792:
789:Yad soledet bo
785:
778:
773:
766:
759:
757:Self-sacrifice
754:
747:
742:
739:Pikuach nefesh
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
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691:
684:
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546:
545:
540:
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530:
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494:
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491:
489:Ritual washing
486:
479:
472:
467:
461:
459:
453:
452:
450:
449:
442:
437:
432:
424:
416:
412:Kiddush hashem
408:
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396:Geneivat da'at
392:
388:Chillul hashem
383:
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349:
341:
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320:
305:
304:
288:
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264:
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241:
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227:
224:
217:Shulchan Aruch
213:Shulchan Aruch
118:Main article:
115:
112:
95:
92:
29:לִפְנֵי עִוֵּר
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
915:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
883:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:High Holidays
839:
838:
836:
834:Related boxes
832:
826:
825:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
809:
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802:Relative hour
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
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777:
774:
772:
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770:Shomea k'oneh
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584:
582:
579:
577:
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572:
571:
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565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
554:
552:Agrarian laws
550:
544:
543:Homosexuality
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:
519:
517:
516:
512:
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490:
487:
485:
484:
480:
478:
477:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
460:
458:
457:Ritual purity
454:
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443:
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417:
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321:1-931681-59-7
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26:
22:
864:
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822:
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751:Sfeka d'yoma
749:
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711:Ikar v'tafel
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686:
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672:
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619:
612:
604:
597:
590:
581:Second tithe
568:
520:
513:
506:
481:
474:
444:
435:Noahide laws
427:
426:
419:
411:
404:Gezel sheina
403:
395:
387:
367:
311:
300:
283:Avodah Zarah
281:
277:
268:
246:Stolperstein
231:
229:
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194:
190:
186:
166:
161:
157:
141:
129:
123:
97:
87:
77:
64:
62:
40:lifnê ʿiwwēr
20:
19:In Judaism,
18:
576:First tithe
470:Handwashing
446:Yetzer hara
428:Lifnei iver
420:Lashon hara
209:Lifnei iver
199:lifnei iver
187:lifnei iver
142:lifnei iver
130:lifnei iver
65:lifnei iver
49:commandment
21:Lifnei Iver
882:Categories
811:Punishment
718:Marit ayin
586:Poor tithe
261:References
220:Yoreh Deah
134:oral Torah
120:Oral Torah
776:Testimony
699:derabanan
695:De'oraita
620:Sicaricon
528:Sexuality
222:240:20).
203:Ahitophel
34:romanized
846:Passover
663:beshogeg
659:Bemeizid
634:Kil'ayim
613:Bikkurim
522:Mechitza
330:56559095
240:See also
182:nazirite
126:halakhic
866:Kashrut
852:Shabbat
570:Terumah
499:Modesty
369:Halakha
162:stumble
154:Mishnah
150:midrash
88:scandal
36::
859:Sukkot
824:Kareth
796:Zmanim
763:Shinuy
681:Chumra
667:beones
665:, and
652:Aveira
627:Hallah
564:Tithes
515:Yichud
508:Negiah
483:Niddah
476:Mikveh
379:Ethics
328:
318:
173:sinful
169:Talmud
132:, the
69:Talmud
25:Hebrew
725:Neder
606:Orlah
599:Demai
158:blind
146:Sifra
124:Many
697:and
326:OCLC
316:ISBN
178:wine
167:The
100:deaf
78:The
148:(a
60:).
884::
661:,
324:.
291:^
286:6b
140:,
102:,
90:.
75:.
31:,
27::
360:e
353:t
346:v
332:.
193:(
23:(
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