304:(2001 to 2010). The group found that "women in Congress vote for legislation supporting clean air, clean water, renewable energy, climate action, and public health much more often than their male counterparts." The report found that some of the difference was attributable to the fact that there were "more women Democrats in both houses of Congress than there are women Republicans," and Democrats favor more pro-environmental policies, but also found that "the difference in voting patterns still persists when gender is isolated within each political party." The report also found that "the gap between Republican men and women narrowed after the 2004 election cycle, which could be attributable to increased partisan pressures."
2692:
2370:
27:
2583:
2479:
2831:
2461:
2731:
259:
2818:
2770:
2705:
2622:
393:
2844:
2635:
2435:
2570:
2744:
2531:
2492:
2448:
2805:
2757:
2518:
2383:
2544:
2357:
2798:
2679:
2653:
2718:
2409:
2609:
2344:
2596:
2396:
2666:
2557:
2505:
2422:
365:
and found that "the message sent to the public by the
Republican voting record on environmental bills is very influential...This result provides strong confirmation of the role of elite cues and their influence on public concern about climate change. In an extremely partisan environment, Republican
245:
and its environmental policies. In
September 2018, the pac pledged $ 60 million to help green candidates. Ultimately, in the mid-term elections of 2018, the pac spent $ 80 million to support "green" candidates through its Victory Fund. They "had enormous success electing its endorsed candidates in
344:
In 1998, scholar Anne Y. Ilinitch and collaborators used the
Scorecard "to identify Senators and Representatives with unsupportive environmental voting records" in evaluated corporate political contributions as a measure of corporate environmental performance. In 2004, researchers at the School of
184:
That fall, she hired as her first employee
Research Director James Rathlesberger to cover presidential politics beginning in 1971 while she concentrated on congressional. In 1972, they published environmental policy profiles of the leading presidential candidates and Rathlesberger edited an LCV
189:(Village Voice Books, 1972). The profiles were widely covered in the news as was the book by reviews, raising the level of these issues in presidential politics. Not a factor given the controversies of the 1972 campaign, they were by 1976 with Jimmy Carter’s rise.
578:"An article by Reuters on May 20 about the resignation of David Brower from the board of the Sierra Club referred incorrectly to his association with the League of Conservation Voters. Mr. Brower was an adviser to the league; its founder was Marion Edey."
127:
advocacy group. LCV says that it "advocates for sound environmental laws and policies, holds elected officials accountable for their votes and actions, and elects pro-environment candidates." The organization pursues its goals through voter education,
160:
The League of
Conservation Voters was founded by Marion Edey, then a young congressional staffer, who proposed a non-partisan, national pressure group for environmentalists "analogous to a political party" but endorsing
173:. Brower strongly endorsed Edey's idea and came up with the name League of Conservation Voters, insisting that Edey run the new organization. The plan to form LCV as an arm of Brower's new environmental organization,
211:
LCV annually names a "Dirty Dozen", a list of politicians whom the group aims to defeat because of their voting records on conservation issues. The original "Dirty Dozen" list was developed in partnership with
1364:; Carmichael, Jason; Jenkins, J. Craig (2012). "Shifting public opinion on climate change: an empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the U.S., 2002–2010".
208:, LCVAF was the top-spending, non-disclosing liberal group in the 2012 election cycle, investing about $ 11 million in political advertisements. LCV spent a total of $ 36 million in 2012.
3043:
3058:
204:
The related League of
Conservation Voters Action Fund (LCVAF) financially supports political candidates, most of whom are members of the Democratic Party. According to
3063:
374:
181:
for LCV to be a subsidiary of a non-profit corporation like
Friends of the Earth, Edey launched the organization as an independent political committee in 1970.
2810:
2775:
2283:
1523:
2427:
2658:
1230:
2016:
893:
873:
614:
283:, a very low score on the Scorecard means a member of Congress has not "used their time in Congress to vote with the environment in mind." In 2002,
2536:
1023:
1174:
2375:
1698:
277:
The average scores for members of the
Democratic Party are historically higher than the scores for members of the Republican Party. According to
1156:(October 29, 1996). "Environmental Groups Target Candidates; Nominees' Voting Records on Issues Appear to be Hindering some Election Attempts".
2453:
2414:
911:
758:
2946:
1495:
524:
2916:
1703:
2971:
2961:
2349:
3053:
2966:
2891:
1573:
201:, tracking voting records, endorsing or opposing candidates for political office, and financially contributing to political campaigns.
2981:
2936:
2931:
2881:
2640:
2139:
1548:
706:
2986:
2921:
2762:
1921:
1738:
2941:
2926:
2911:
2901:
2886:
2684:
2263:
1281:
1099:
827:
931:
2976:
2956:
2896:
2876:
2316:
1623:
296:
In a 2012 report, the non-profit Rachel's
Network examined the Scorecard scores for male and female members of Congress in the
2871:
2836:
1653:
1643:
2849:
2268:
2080:
995:
2951:
2906:
2575:
2549:
2278:
1748:
1128:
270:
LCV tracks the voting records of members of
Congress on environmental issues in its National Environmental Scorecard, a
2523:
2497:
2306:
1528:
2736:
2710:
2645:
2466:
2362:
2273:
2114:
1942:
1733:
1608:
1543:
1488:
597:
569:
479:
227:
2749:
1578:
781:
166:
162:
2723:
2510:
2301:
1900:
641:
2859:
2588:
2009:
1977:
1949:
1628:
1279:
Ilinitch, Anne Y; Soderstrom, Naomi S; Thomas, Tom E. (1998). "Measuring corporate environmental performance".
2671:
2562:
1935:
1563:
178:
2401:
2388:
964:
2697:
2601:
1956:
1784:
1678:
1481:
301:
297:
3002:
2471:
1633:
1235:
378:
325:
3048:
2045:
1879:
1316:
Rawls, R. Patrick; Laband, David N. (2004). "A Public Choice Analysis of Endangered Species Listings".
54:
2200:
1683:
1558:
1459:
1444:
231:
2627:
2104:
2099:
1668:
1598:
1568:
498:
424:
366:
votes against environmental bills legitimate public opinion opposed to action on climate change."
2258:
1991:
1798:
1648:
1318:
1053:
293:
editorial board wrote that "Democratic politics...is what really drives the league's scorecard."
289:
2296:
2055:
1658:
1538:
728:
354:
353:
for the "green-ness" of constituents, and found no significant relationship with the number of
133:
556:"Still 'electing the best, defeating the worst' -- but with far greater resources than before"
469:
2823:
2614:
2144:
2075:
2065:
2023:
1618:
1153:
804:
361:
and his collaborators investigated factors affecting U.S. public concern about the threat of
271:
3007:
2129:
1718:
1375:
878:
213:
174:
1129:"Happy Anniversary 19th Amendment! How Have Women Voted On Energy And Environment Issues?"
664:
8:
3022:
2447:
2440:
2119:
1518:
1504:
1158:
1000:
337:
315:
1379:
1200:
1178:
2484:
2070:
2040:
1847:
1723:
1409:
1343:
1048:
969:
651:
398:
350:
309:
284:
235:
1294:
615:"NATURALISTS GET A POLITICAL ARM; Ex-Sierra Club Chief Gives Details on Voters League"
136:
to political candidates. LCV includes 29 state affiliates. LCV was founded in 1970 by
2220:
2094:
1914:
1833:
1673:
1401:
1396:
1347:
1335:
1298:
637:
593:
475:
346:
26:
2225:
1812:
1791:
1413:
1391:
1383:
1327:
1290:
960:
149:
137:
124:
73:
2321:
2235:
2230:
2210:
2195:
2050:
1984:
1907:
1840:
1753:
1713:
1663:
1603:
1588:
1583:
1553:
1366:
932:"2012 National Environmental Scorecard Ranks Members Of Congress On Green Issues"
2830:
2543:
2460:
2240:
2190:
2160:
2134:
1928:
1593:
1460:"League of Conservation Voters Education Fund Internal Revenue Service filings"
406:
362:
320:
220:
145:
85:
1387:
1331:
258:
3037:
2817:
2769:
2621:
1688:
1405:
1361:
1339:
1302:
1208:
1027:
392:
358:
279:
263:
198:
129:
555:
2311:
2215:
2175:
2170:
2060:
1970:
1963:
1893:
1872:
1073:
916:
242:
141:
1024:"These 4 Republican Senators Are Forming A Group To Tackle Climate Change"
894:"'A Green Wave': Signs Point to Voters Demanding Action on Climate Change"
177:, was announced in September 1969. However, as it would have violated the
3017:
2843:
2730:
2704:
2634:
2569:
2434:
2205:
2109:
1743:
1728:
1613:
736:
349:
averaged Scorecard scores across a state's congressional delegation as a
205:
170:
678:
2743:
2180:
2165:
1819:
1777:
1464:
1449:
1473:
849:
16:
Environmental advocacy organization in Washington, D.C., United States
2530:
2491:
2369:
2288:
2185:
2124:
1826:
1770:
1693:
1533:
1257:
2804:
2756:
2517:
2382:
1132:
1103:
935:
331:
266:
meeting with the LCV in 2017. As of 2019, Harris has a 100% rating.
169:
in a 1969 letter to David Brower, soon after he resigned from the
2608:
2356:
1886:
1854:
1708:
1638:
912:"Why the New Democratic Majority Could Work Better Than the Last"
759:"League of Conservation Voters becoming 'dark money' heavyweight"
411:
1445:"League of Conservation Voters Internal Revenue Service filings"
2797:
2717:
2678:
2652:
2595:
2582:
2478:
2408:
2395:
2343:
2085:
1175:"Trump Turns to Hunter and Outdoorsman Zinke to Lead Interior"
2691:
2665:
2556:
2504:
2421:
1805:
1438:
525:"Marion Edey, Ecology Lobbyist, Is Married to Joseph Browder"
874:"Environmental group pledges $ 60M to help green candidates"
197:
The organization's main activities include voter education,
2089:
1201:"GOP Senators Battle to Decide Majority, Climate Direction"
1278:
1051:(September 6, 2002). "The League of Democratic Voters".
590:
Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections
1360:
505:. Annenberg Center for Public Policy. February 13, 2014
431:. Annenberg Center for Public Policy. February 13, 2014
2811:
Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities
2776:
United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division
2698:
Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China
707:"Nonprofit profile: League of Conservation Voters Inc"
471:
David Brower: The Making of the Environmental Movement
3044:
Environmental organizations based in Washington, D.C.
2284:
Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety
1524:
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now
1431:
850:"2017 Plan of Action - League of Conservation Voters"
679:"2018 Plan of Action - League of Conservation Voters"
570:"Environmental Leader Quits Sierra Board: Correction"
241:
LCV strongly opposed the administration of President
826:
Vogel, Kenneth; Restuccia, Andrew (April 13, 2015).
388:
253:
3059:Political organizations based in the United States
2428:Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia
1258:"Overview of the National Environmental Scorecard"
1260:. League of Conservation Voters. 23 November 2012
1122:
1120:
1093:
1091:
805:"League of Conservation Voters Slams Bush Record"
106:
3035:
2376:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
904:
3064:Environmental organizations established in 1969
1231:"Grade F: Environmental Group Flunks House GOP"
784:. St. Petersburg Times. Congressional Quarterly
2454:Competition and Consumer Protection Commission
1117:
1088:
955:
953:
886:
825:
474:. Univ of California Press. pp. 163–165.
1489:
996:"A Plan to Defend against the War on Science"
631:
606:
562:
549:
547:
545:
230:launched LeadingGreen, a joint initiative to
228:Natural Resources Defense Council Action Fund
866:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
2659:International Financial Services Commission
2350:Administrative Council for Economic Defense
1315:
1100:"This Mother's Day, Mother Earth Wants You"
950:
828:"Tom Steyer stars as liberal donors gather"
704:
587:
1574:Citizens Advice outside the United Kingdom
1496:
1482:
1097:
1068:
1066:
1064:
782:"Two big political issues of Election '70"
613:Davies, Lawrence E. (September 17, 1969).
542:
25:
2415:Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica
2140:Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991
1395:
1228:
1126:
1021:
959:
450:
234:. In 2015, LeadingGreen was added to the
2763:Superintendency of Industry and Commerce
1739:Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations
1250:
1173:Dlouhy, Jennifer A (December 15, 2016).
1047:
989:
987:
779:
257:
2685:Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority
1503:
1282:Journal of Accounting and Public Policy
1061:
700:
698:
554:Yachnin, Jennifer (December 11, 2013).
553:
219:LCV strongly opposed many of President
3036:
2317:Water Industry Commission for Scotland
1624:Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan
1354:
1172:
756:
612:
493:
491:
467:
2837:National Board for Prices and Incomes
2307:Office for Fair Trading (Isle of Man)
1477:
1309:
1229:Neuhauser, Alan (February 11, 2014).
1198:
1022:Valentine, Katie (October 30, 2015).
984:
780:Alligood, Arlene (October 29, 1970).
757:Beckel, Michael (November 22, 2013).
636:. New York, NY: Village Voice Books.
588:Sabato, Larry; Ernst, Howard (2009).
246:suburban districts last fall," wrote
2850:Securities Commission of New Zealand
2293:National Homelessness Advice Service
2269:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
1439:LCV National Environmental Scorecard
993:
695:
592:. Infobase Publishing. p. 201.
152:, and has over two million members.
2550:Directorate-General for Competition
2537:Competition and Consumer Commission
2279:Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
1152:
1127:Michelson, Joan (August 31, 2016).
517:
488:
144:. The group's current president is
13:
1644:Consumers' Federation of Australia
1098:Spiegelman, Annie (May 10, 2012).
705:O'Brien, Reity (October 3, 2012).
417:
345:Forestry and Wildlife Sciences at
14:
3075:
3054:Organizations established in 1969
2737:Philippine Competition Commission
2711:Netherlands Competition Authority
2646:International Competition Network
2467:Competition and Markets Authority
2274:European Consumer Centres Network
2115:List of food labeling regulations
1609:Consumer Federation of California
1544:Chamber for Workers and Employees
1423:
369:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2803:
2796:
2768:
2755:
2750:Queensland Competition Authority
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2490:
2477:
2459:
2446:
2433:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2342:
1579:Connecticut Citizen Action Group
965:"Quayle is Rated on Environment"
802:
391:
307:The Scorecard has been cited by
254:National Environmental Scorecard
2724:Norwegian Competition Authority
2302:Office for Fair Trading (Malta)
1901:Fight Back! with David Horowitz
1272:
1222:
1199:Scott, Dean (October 4, 2016).
1192:
1166:
1146:
1041:
1015:
994:Otto, Shawn (October 9, 2016).
924:
842:
819:
796:
773:
750:
729:"League of Conservation Voters"
721:
499:"League of Conservation Voters"
425:"League of Conservation Voters"
140:Marion Edey, with support from
2010:List of consumer organizations
1734:Swedish Consumers' Association
1629:Consumer Rights Directive 2011
671:
625:
581:
357:listings in a state. In 2012,
1:
3013:League of Conservation Voters
2672:Italian Competition Authority
2264:Bureau of Consumer Protection
1564:Citizens Advice International
1295:10.1016/S0278-4254(98)10012-1
1205:Environment and Energy Report
854:League of Conservation Voters
761:. Center for Public Integrity
709:. Center for Public Integrity
683:League of Conservation Voters
632:Rathlesberger, James (1972).
444:
192:
179:Federal Corrupt Practices Act
117:League of Conservation Voters
20:League of Conservation Voters
2602:Federal Antimonopoly Service
1679:Consumer Watchdog (Botswana)
1236:U.S. News & World Report
468:Turner, Tom (October 2015).
326:U.S. News & World Report
7:
3003:Bioscience Resource Project
2641:Financial Markets Authority
2472:Competition Appeal Tribunal
1634:Consumers Council of Canada
384:
223:'s environmental policies.
10:
3080:
2402:Autorité de la concurrence
2389:Autoridade da Concorrência
2046:Anti-competitive practices
1936:Joe Lycett's Got Your Back
807:. Environment News Service
155:
55:political action committee
53:501(c)(4) with associated
2995:
2858:
2784:
2330:
2249:
2153:
2033:
2001:
1864:
1762:
1559:Citizens Advice Edinburgh
1511:
1397:10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y
1388:10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y
1332:10.1007/s11127-004-9784-4
634:Nixon and the Environment
187:Nixon and the Environment
148:. It is headquartered in
101:
91:
79:
69:
61:
49:
41:
33:
24:
2628:Federal Trade Commission
2105:Federal Trade Commission
1599:Consumer Council of Fiji
1569:Citizens Advice Scotland
1076:. Rachel's Network. 2016
381:are among LCV's donors.
2511:Competition Commission
2498:Competition Commission
2363:Anti-Monopoly Committee
2259:Banking Standards Board
1880:Don't Get Done, Get Dom
1699:Franchisees and Dealers
1649:Consumers International
1054:The Wall Street Journal
290:The Wall Street Journal
2524:Competition Commission
2297:Office of Fair Trading
2056:Better Business Bureau
1639:Consumers' Association
1539:Center for Auto Safety
375:Green Tech Action Fund
355:Endangered Species Act
267:
238:'s funding portfolio.
232:address climate change
65:Environmental advocacy
2824:Industrial Commission
2615:Federal Cartel Office
2589:Fair Trade Commission
2576:Fair Trade Commission
2563:Fair Trade Commission
2145:Transparency (market)
2076:Consumer organization
2066:Competition regulator
2024:Consumer organization
1619:Consumer organization
272:legislative scorecard
261:
226:In 2014, LCV and the
3008:Environmental Action
2130:Planned obsolescence
1799:Consumers' Checkbook
1749:Truth in Advertising
1719:Option consommateurs
1654:Consumers' Coalition
250:on January 3, 2019.
214:Environmental Action
175:Friends of the Earth
134:direct contributions
3023:Environment America
2947:North Carolina PIRG
2441:Commerce Commission
2120:Mandatory labelling
1659:Consumers' Research
1505:Consumer protection
1380:2012ClCh..114..169B
1159:The Washington Post
1049:Strassel, Kimberley
1001:Scientific American
963:(October 7, 1988).
938:. February 21, 2013
338:Scientific American
316:The Washington Post
21:
2917:Massachusetts PIRG
2485:Competition Bureau
2081:Cooling-off period
2071:Consumer complaint
2041:Airline complaints
1848:Stiftung Warentest
1724:Stiftung Warentest
1467:Nonprofit Explorer
1452:Nonprofit Explorer
1179:Bloomberg Politics
970:The New York Times
619:The New York Times
574:The New York Times
529:The New York Times
399:Environment portal
310:The New York Times
285:Kimberley Strassel
268:
236:Democracy Alliance
199:voter mobilization
130:voter mobilization
19:
3049:527 organizations
3031:
3030:
2972:Rhode Island PIRG
2962:Pennsylvania PIRG
2221:Joyce Elaine Roop
2095:Extended warranty
1922:The Investigators
1674:Consumer Watchdog
1362:Brulle, Robert J.
1074:"When Women Lead"
961:Shabecoff, Philip
347:Auburn University
123:) is an American
113:
112:
3071:
2892:Connecticut PIRG
2847:
2846:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2733:
2721:
2720:
2708:
2707:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2669:
2668:
2656:
2655:
2638:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2612:
2611:
2599:
2598:
2586:
2585:
2573:
2572:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2521:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2495:
2494:
2482:
2481:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2346:
2226:Donald Kemp Ross
1813:Ethical Consumer
1792:Consumer Reports
1498:
1491:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1455:
1435:
1434:
1432:Official website
1418:
1417:
1399:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1326:(3–4): 263–277.
1313:
1307:
1306:
1289:(4–5): 383–408.
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1150:
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1141:
1139:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1095:
1086:
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1083:
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1070:
1059:
1058:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
991:
982:
981:
979:
977:
957:
948:
947:
945:
943:
928:
922:
921:
908:
902:
901:
890:
884:
883:
870:
864:
863:
861:
860:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
823:
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816:
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812:
800:
794:
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789:
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771:
770:
768:
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754:
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745:
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719:
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714:
702:
693:
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690:
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675:
669:
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657:
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647:
629:
623:
622:
610:
604:
603:
585:
579:
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93:Volunteers
70:Headquarters
3018:Green Corps
2872:Alaska PIRG
2787:competition
2333:competition
2206:Ralph Nader
2110:Food safety
1943:Marketplace
1744:Test Achats
1729:StopBadware
1614:Consumer NZ
803:Pegg, J.R.
737:OpenSecrets
661:|isbn=
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167:Republicans
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3038:Categories
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2201:James Love
2181:Tom Hucker
2166:Joanna Guy
2100:Fair trade
1865:Television
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1465:ProPublica
1450:ProPublica
1264:October 3,
1242:October 4,
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1184:October 4,
1138:October 4,
1109:October 4,
1080:October 4,
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1007:October 3,
976:October 4,
942:October 3,
859:2018-04-16
830:. Politico
688:2018-04-16
535:2019-02-25
445:References
341:magazine.
193:Activities
2952:Ohio PIRG
2907:Iowa PIRG
2289:INDEPABIS
2186:Jim Jontz
2125:Ombudsman
2051:Antitrust
1827:Guter Rat
1771:Akher Saa
1763:Magazines
1694:Foodwatch
1534:CableHell
1406:0165-0009
1348:153964650
1340:0048-5829
1303:0278-4254
1154:Lee, Gary
652:cite book
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385:See also
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