166:
orbit phase (when the mission commander is in control of the lunar module from separation phase until the LM docked back with CSM in lunar orbit). The CM pilot would also have other objectives during lunar orbit phase such as lunar photography, research and study for future landing sites for subsequent Apollo missions, deploy lunar satellite in some cases, as well as being responsible for relaying messages from mission control if radio contact with the LM was lost or weak, and also responsible for performing an orbital rescue with the LM if it were to malfunction and not be able to perform as needed to rendezvous with CSM as planned for in normal cases, but this never was needed. However, the CM pilot was responsible for docking the two ships together when the LM returned to orbit after being on the surface. On later J-series missions, the CM pilot would conduct an EVA on the return voyage to collect film canisters in the SIM bay.
4139:
2920:
3339:
2932:
165:
Responsible for knowing the CSM and their systems fully. Serve as flight engineer during launch phase while commander would be in full control of the vehicle. Perform navigation and mid-course correction procedures during trans-lunar and trans-Earth phases of flight, command pilot of CSM during lunar
732:
Similarly to NASA, members of the China
National Space Administration (CNSA) hold one of two ranks. Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to be CNSA astronauts. The positions of Spacecraft Pilot, Flight Engineer, and Mission Payload Specialist were listed in the announcement for the
184:
also responsible for its systems during all phases of flight between Earth and Moon. The LMP would callout key information to the commander during the most critical descent and landing phases when all of the commander's attention would be focused out the window and on visually flying the LM to a
39:
hold a variety of ranks and positions. Each of these roles carries responsibilities that are essential to the operation of a spacecraft. A spacecraft's cockpit, filled with sophisticated equipment, requires skills differing from those used to manage the scientific equipment on board, and so on.
510:
Cosmonauts are professional space travellers from Russia. After initial training, cosmonauts are assigned as either a test-cosmonaut (космонавт-испытатель, kosmonavt-ispytatel') or a research-cosmonaut (космонавт-исследователь, kosmonavt-issledovatel'). A test-cosmonaut has a more difficult
185:
suitable landing spot on the surface. He would also control the navigation computer and other subsystems of the craft while the commander had hands on the controls to fly the ship down manually the last portion of the descent when manual control was taken over from the computer.
106:
missions were referred to simply as "Pilots". Mercury Pilots were required to have experience as a pilot of high-performance jet aircraft and to be no more than 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm) tall and weigh no more than 180 pounds (82 kg).
1650:
254:
All
Shuttle commanders had prior spaceflight experience. Required a degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, or mathematics. Must have had at least 1000 hours flying experience on a
64:. The pin is issued in two grades, silver and gold, with the silver pin awarded to candidates who have successfully completed astronaut training and the gold pin to astronauts who have flown in space.
5968:
2275:
1632:
299:
Mission
Specialist with additional responsibility for assisting the Commander and Pilot during ascent and landing, tracking information from CAPCOM and calling out milestones.
151:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, pilot in command of spacecraft during launch, trans-lunar coast, and Earth return coast. Also pilot in command of the
2970:
1656:
1678:
1160:
1178:"Astronauts | Career | Education | Pilot | Commander | Mission Specialist | NASA | Space Shuttle | Flight – Page 2"
1110:"Astronauts | Career | Education | Pilot | Commander | Mission Specialist | NASA | Space Shuttle | Flight – Page 1"
2097:
6088:
5532:
333:
Title also applied to representatives from partner nations such as Saudi Arabia and Mexico, who were given the opportunity to fly on the Space
Shuttle.
6098:
3965:
2805:
2963:
3874:
3253:
3189:
1789:
1328:
2870:
2795:
2282:
1501:
1626:
712:
Term used for Soyuz passengers who are not part of the crew, and serves to distinguish tourists and other special travelers from the career
155:. The commander would make the actual descent and landing of LM on the lunar surface, as well as the lunar ascent back to the orbiting CSM.
5507:
1539:
1506:
511:
preparation than a research-cosmonaut and can be the commander or the flight engineer of a spacecraft, while a research-cosmonaut cannot.
5542:
2956:
2576:
2552:
1578:
1275:
1015:
Term used for ISS visitors who are not part of the crew, and serves to distinguish tourists and other special travelers from the career
4080:
3215:
2498:
1911:
3113:
310:
A Mission
Specialist with additional responsibility for the management of the science or other major payload elements of the mission.
5984:
4075:
3931:
3210:
2586:
2505:
517:
6469:
2581:
6566:
2890:
2623:
1491:
1767:
1762:
324:
Technical experts who accompanied specific payloads such as commercial or scientific satellites with mission-specific duties.
2468:
1906:
1638:
1088:
134:
Serves as systems engineer, copilot, and would perform any other mission objectives such as EVA's during the Gemini program.
2865:
2672:
2195:
271:
Assisted the
Commander in maneuvering the Shuttle. May have also been responsible for release and recovery of satellites.
5527:
3975:
3246:
2448:
2422:
2378:
1321:
1223:
371:
302:
The FE is always mission specialist 2 (MS-2) and sits in seat 4 on the
Shuttle flight deck for both launch and landing.
6485:
2682:
1584:
17:
5729:
3960:
2538:
2458:
2092:
1556:
5500:
4017:
2885:
2833:
2591:
2178:
2087:
1794:
1777:
1532:
274:
Same education and flight experience requirements as a
Commander, but does not need prior spaceflight experience.
5960:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
4050:
3980:
3889:
2052:
6000:
5976:
5741:
3239:
2665:
2655:
2353:
1314:
30:
1596:
1134:
6501:
5952:
3072:
2858:
1698:
67:
1339:
1249:
3466:
2948:
2521:
2390:
1644:
1614:
987:
Primary responsibility for station's science experiments. A secondary position for an ISS Flight
Engineer.
5493:
4116:
3953:
3526:
3003:
2875:
2822:
2785:
2744:
2638:
2343:
2323:
2238:
2062:
1801:
1747:
1525:
251:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, managed ascent, maneuvered
Shuttle during entry.
6556:
6235:
6116:
5723:
2677:
2618:
2493:
2405:
2135:
2001:
1063:
761:
353:
344:
6446:
5701:
5537:
4196:
4191:
3838:
2715:
2633:
2628:
2302:
1757:
1715:
260:
514:
Higher ranks include pilot-cosmonaut, test-cosmonaut instructor, and research-cosmonaut instructor.
4012:
3490:
3145:
2828:
2752:
2026:
1602:
1301:
1177:
1141:(Interview). Interviewed by Johnson, Sandra; Wright, Rebecca; Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer. Houston, Texas
1066:. Following STS-2, NASA required all space shuttle commanders to have prior spaceflight experience.
3495:
3177:
6406:
6044:
3854:
3534:
3430:
3137:
3085:
3011:
2660:
2597:
2572:
2417:
2270:
2205:
1916:
1877:
1836:
1737:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1306:
1278:[What is a payload specialist? What does a payload specialist do on the space station?].
1154:
1001:
908:
Non-professional astronaut position responsible for scientific experiments and space exploration
698:
688:
400:
383:
57:
hold one of two ranks. Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to be NASA astronauts.
6390:
6321:
4070:
3588:
3358:
3353:
3305:
3205:
2900:
2843:
2365:
2348:
2294:
2257:
2057:
2031:
1986:
1742:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
830:
440:
Manages rendezvous, docking, and undocking with the ISS, and quiescent operations while docked
1296:
1109:
675:
One or two flight engineers per mission. Assist Commander and perform mission-specific duties
6019:
5717:
5516:
4096:
3363:
2935:
2848:
2838:
2780:
2650:
2645:
2486:
2151:
2113:
2082:
1991:
1890:
1872:
1772:
1031:
872:
616:
241:
103:
5878:
3328:
3262:
2979:
2478:
1981:
1866:
1784:
1752:
1688:
1683:
1344:
654:
54:
1198:
8:
6561:
6520:
4106:
4043:
3618:
3594:
3320:
3315:
3293:
2765:
2731:
2262:
2243:
1832:
1620:
1059:
678:
177:
152:
6477:
6330:
6084:
4788:
4111:
4101:
3988:
3921:
3725:
3571:
3500:
3181:
2562:
2140:
2047:
2021:
1961:
1945:
1921:
889:
PLACC Taikonauts whose main responsibility is the System of both Shenzhou and Tiangong
444:
318:
279:
520:
is a title that is presented to all cosmonauts who fly for the Russian space program.
60:
Upon graduation from training, candidates are promoted to Astronaut and receive their
4417:
4411:
4386:
4297:
4291:
4123:
3948:
3938:
3800:
3645:
3557:
3505:
3474:
3395:
3373:
3157:
3121:
3050:
3029:
2526:
2410:
2370:
2330:
2250:
2210:
2077:
2067:
1815:
573:
5735:
4670:
4509:
4171:
3970:
3833:
3707:
3438:
3417:
3412:
3390:
3231:
3149:
3067:
3055:
3045:
2759:
2400:
2011:
1862:
1590:
1569:
586:
565:
545:
198:
462:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, manages ascent and entry.
410:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, manages ascent and entry.
376:
Technical experts who accompanied military payloads with mission-specific duties.
102:
Overall mission success. As a single-seat spacecraft, the astronauts who flew the
6346:
5861:
5813:
5585:
5141:
4059:
3541:
3442:
3169:
3165:
3153:
2998:
2738:
2708:
2171:
2145:
2072:
1996:
1971:
1966:
1926:
1842:
1009:
641:
452:
391:
This term serves to distinguish tourists and other special travelers from career
92:
61:
6338:
6060:
5992:
5596:
4687:
4138:
4036:
3996:
3660:
3630:
3600:
3400:
3133:
2895:
2775:
2532:
2218:
2016:
2006:
1852:
1847:
1705:
1130:
141:
114:
1227:
6550:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
3905:
3712:
3666:
2923:
2905:
2800:
2790:
2722:
2567:
2200:
1931:
1710:
1360:
990:
974:
958:
631:
601:
2978:
5908:
5898:
5869:
5853:
5829:
5821:
5805:
5788:
5780:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5634:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
4428:
4402:
4377:
4271:
3624:
3612:
3458:
3310:
3109:
2770:
2337:
851:
809:
558:
256:
181:
6430:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
5451:
5441:
5436:
5417:
5412:
5392:
5383:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4733:
4727:
4640:
4265:
4156:
3672:
1732:
1608:
996:
Position established in 2002 by NASA to reinforce science aspect of ISS.
915:
911:
896:
892:
876:
704:
500:
5485:
1062:
into space (by air force standards) and had participated in the Shuttle
6493:
6422:
6308:
6300:
6292:
6284:
6276:
6268:
6260:
6252:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4838:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4707:
4701:
4696:
4654:
4649:
4488:
4478:
4468:
4463:
4454:
4392:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4314:
4308:
4285:
4280:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4180:
4165:
3864:
3826:
3821:
3298:
2463:
2165:
2158:
1673:
855:
834:
813:
778:
774:
263:. Must pass a NASA Class I space physical to be certified for flight.
5928:
5918:
5888:
5845:
5796:
5556:
5017:
4783:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4738:
3869:
3859:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3780:
3751:
3735:
3277:
3266:
2983:
2880:
2853:
2701:
2613:
2473:
2442:
2435:
2232:
2130:
1884:
1051:
1016:
713:
392:
364:
A Mission Specialist with additional duties assigned by home agency.
290:
Must pass a NASA Class II space physical to be certified for flight.
36:
3338:
6398:
5696:
5255:
4829:
4677:
4664:
4659:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4596:
4590:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4529:
4520:
4515:
4504:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4473:
4443:
4437:
3884:
3879:
3774:
3730:
3681:
662:
658:
4028:
1336:
6438:
6009:
4718:
4366:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4216:
4185:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3717:
3687:
3651:
2395:
2385:
2288:
1727:
722:
6414:
6373:
6076:
6068:
6052:
5837:
4359:
4353:
4348:
4325:
4320:
4303:
3639:
3606:
3510:
3161:
3117:
2429:
2360:
1857:
1722:
349:
A Mission Specialist with additional education-related duties.
288:
Career astronaut, could be employed by a partner space agency.
206:
3943:
3405:
3060:
2453:
2226:
2190:
2185:
1976:
1058:
without prior NASA spaceflight experience, but had flown the
1055:
430:
A NASA or affiliated astronaut with mission-specific duties.
6036:
1548:
977:, first Canadian astronaut to be part of an ISS expedition
3482:
3425:
3129:
3080:
952:
926:
568:
missions were referred to simply as "Pilot Cosmonauts".
564:
As a single-seat spacecraft, the cosmonaut who flew the
1517:
736:
Upon graduation, candidates are promoted to Astronaut.
651:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
583:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
336:
Position discontinued after the 2003 Columbia disaster.
216:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
124:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
501:
Roscosmos and Soviet space program ranks and positions
1250:"18 picked for nation's 3rd generation of astronauts"
869:
PLACC Taikonauts who control the Shenzhou Spacecraft
3261:
1089:"Space Shuttle Columbia: A New Beginning and Vision"
771:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and vehicle
492:
Astronaut with engineering/mission-specific duties.
5533:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
3966:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
1159:: CS1 maint: multiple names: interviewers list (
472:Assist the Commander in maneuvering the capsule.
420:Assist the Commander in maneuvering the capsule.
6548:
313:Payload Commanders were always NASA astronauts.
1217:
1215:
1139:NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project
5501:
4044:
3247:
2964:
1533:
1502:List of United States Marine Corps astronauts
1322:
1123:
1080:
723:China National Space Administration positions
259:, and at least 750 simulated landings in the
1507:List of United States Space Force astronauts
1212:
1199:"NASA – Space Shuttle Columbia and Her Crew"
951:Overall mission success, safety of crew and
1172:
1170:
43:
5528:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
5508:
5494:
4081:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
4051:
4037:
3254:
3240:
3216:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
2971:
2957:
1912:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
1540:
1526:
1329:
1315:
1269:
1267:
1104:
1102:
681:, the first female to perform a spacewalk
604:, the first person to perform a spacewalk
589:, commanded the first multi-person flight
5760:
5515:
4076:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
3932:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
3211:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
2806:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
518:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
6470:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
5543:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
1167:
1086:
482:Astronaut with mission-specific duties.
352:Position created in 2004 as part of the
5474:The † sign designates failed missions.
2891:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
1492:List of astronauts by year of selection
1297:Shuttle Commander and Pilot definitions
1273:
1264:
1099:
14:
6549:
1679:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
1129:
5759:
5489:
4032:
3235:
2986:government human spaceflight programs
2952:
2469:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
1521:
1310:
1224:"RuSpace – Suzy's Russian space site"
1054:was the only exception as he flew on
927:International Space Station positions
848:Intravehicular Specialist of the Eva
6537:. Failed missions marked with † sign
5472:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
5464:Uncrewed missions are designated as
2931:
1087:Gebhardt, Chris (February 1, 2011).
1045:
4058:
3976:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
1302:Shuttle PLC, MS, and PS definitions
1034:– the phases of astronaut selection
443:Position only used once during the
24:
6374:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
3409:(incorporated into Salyut program)
3064:(incorporated into Salyut program)
1585:National Aeronautics and Space Act
1221:
1191:
25:
6578:
2539:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
2093:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
1290:
971:Overall mission success, science
845:Descent module monitor astronaut
806:Overall mission success, science
361:International Mission Specialist
180:during descent and ascent of the
4137:
4018:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
3337:
2930:
2919:
2918:
2834:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
2592:Space Flight Operations Facility
1778:Operations and Checkout Building
1226:. Suzymchale.com. Archived from
707:, first fee-paying space tourist
372:USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer
330:Typically not career astronauts.
3981:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
2053:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
1274:Zhiying, Lin (3 October 2022).
1247:
197:Position only used once during
6567:Awards and decorations of NASA
5478:designates cancelled missions.
1241:
858:(first three-person Shenzhou)
837:(first three-person Shenzhou)
739:
619:, the first engineer in space
523:
31:United States Space Force rank
13:
1:
6246:Space laboratories and cargos
4129:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3927:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3221:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
1497:Astronaut ranks and positions
1073:
1012:, first female space tourist
68:Chief of the Astronaut Office
5744:(interplanetary exploration)
3467:Soviet crewed lunar programs
2871:Space program on U.S. stamps
2796:Gemini and Apollo medallions
2746:Solar System Family Portrait
2522:Joint Polar Satellite System
2391:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
1645:Vision for Space Exploration
1615:Space Exploration Initiative
816:(first two-person Shenzhou)
803:Flight Engineer (操作手/飞行工程师)
634:, the first doctor in space
73:
7:
3527:International Space Station
2866:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
2823:We choose to go to the Moon
2786:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
2344:International Space Station
2324:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
2063:Great Observatories program
1907:International Space Station
1885:Roscosmos State Corporation
1802:Science Mission Directorate
1748:Manned Space Flight Network
1180:. Kidzworld.com. 2008-10-07
1025:
657:, commander of missions to
437:Joint Operations Commander
345:Educator Mission Specialist
70:is a position, not a rank.
10:
6583:
6533:Future missions marked in
6236:List of Chinese astronauts
2683:NASA cameras on spacecraft
2494:James Webb Space Telescope
2406:Solar Dynamics Observatory
1627:U.S. National Space Policy
1064:Approach and Landing Tests
905:Payload Specialist (载荷专家)
727:
701:, first Malaysian in space
505:
354:Educator Astronaut Project
28:
6529:
6513:
6458:
6383:
6366:
6320:
6245:
6162:
6126:
6115:
6029:
5941:
5773:
5766:
5755:
5710:
5595:
5555:
5551:
5538:China Manned Space Agency
5523:
5462:
5426:
5405:
5254:
5140:
5016:
4828:
4717:
4686:
4639:
4453:
4427:
4401:
4376:
4264:
4155:
4146:
4135:
4089:
4066:
4007:
3914:
3898:
3847:
3793:
3744:
3700:
3581:
3570:
3550:
3519:
3451:
3383:
3372:
3346:
3335:
3286:
3273:
3198:
3099:
3038:
3022:
2991:
2914:
2814:
2691:
2606:
2551:
2514:
2313:
2123:
2110:
2040:
1954:
1944:
1899:
1825:
1814:
1758:Vehicle Assembly Building
1666:
1565:
1555:
1484:
1353:
961:, first female commander
824:Orbital Module Astronaut
760:
640:
572:
561:, the first man in space
544:
451:
399:
261:Shuttle Training Aircraft
240:
205:
140:
113:
91:
4013:Space industry of Russia
2829:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2753:The Day the Earth Smiled
2088:Solar Terrestrial Probes
1547:
1038:
993:, first science officer
781:(first crewed Shenzhou)
555:Overall mission success
307:Payload Commander (PLC)
48:
44:NASA ranks and positions
29:Not to be confused with
3535:Russian Orbital Segment
3138:Martian Piloted Complex
3012:Russian Orbital Segment
2886:Other primates in space
2598:Deep Space Atomic Clock
2418:Mars Science Laboratory
2206:Spitzer Space Telescope
1795:Lunar Sample Laboratory
1738:Launch Services Program
1093:www.nasaspaceflight.com
1002:Spaceflight Participant
699:Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor
689:Spaceflight Participant
401:Commercial Crew Program
395:and technical experts.
384:Spaceflight Participant
6322:Tiangong space station
4071:List of Soyuz missions
3206:List of Soyuz missions
2901:National Astronaut Day
2844:The Astronaut Monument
2666:Space Shuttle missions
2366:Mars Exploration Rover
2349:Hubble Space Telescope
2258:Kepler space telescope
2058:Earth Observing System
2032:Mars Exploration Rover
1743:Mercury Control Center
1201:. Nasa.gov. 2006-03-05
831:Liu Boming (astronaut)
6020:Space Solar Telescope
5761:Projects and missions
5517:Chinese space program
4097:Soyuz (rocket family)
3267:Russian space program
2849:Lunar sample displays
2839:Space Mirror Memorial
2781:Voyager Golden Record
2673:United States rockets
1865: (with the
1773:Launch Control Center
1340:NASA Astronaut Groups
1276:"何謂載荷專家 在太空站要從事什麼工作？"
1032:NASA Astronaut Groups
873:Chen Dong (astronaut)
617:Konstantin Feoktistov
296:Flight Engineer (FE)
192:Docking Module Pilot
162:Command Module Pilot
6127:Uncrewed expeditions
5711:Exploration programs
4272:Zond lunar programme
4149:(by spacecraft type)
3329:Vostochny Cosmodrome
1867:Soviet space program
1785:Johnson Space Center
1753:Kennedy Space Center
1716:spinoff technologies
1345:NASA Astronaut Corps
655:Vladimir Dzhanibekov
611:Scientist Cosmonaut
55:NASA Astronaut Corps
6521:Lanyue Lunar Lander
5732:(lunar exploration)
5726:(human spaceflight)
4107:Baikonur Cosmodrome
3954:Veterok and Ugolyok
3321:Svobodny Cosmodrome
3316:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
3294:Baikonur Cosmodrome
2876:Apollo 17 Moon mice
2732:Pillars of Creation
2639:Space Shuttle crews
2117:(human and robotic)
2111:Individual featured
1694:Ranks and positions
1135:"Charles F. Bolden"
733:Group 3 selection.
693:No official duties
679:Svetlana Savitskaya
489:Payload Specialist
479:Mission Specialist
427:Mission Specialist
178:Apollo Lunar Module
176:Flight engineer of
173:Lunar Module Pilot
153:Apollo Lunar Module
6384:Telecommunications
6163:Crewed expeditions
5379:(uncrewed landing)
4586:(uncrewed landing)
4102:Soyuz (spacecraft)
4000:(1997 documentary)
3992:(1995 documentary)
3989:Out of the Present
3922:List of cosmonauts
3899:Images and artwork
3839:Deep Space Network
3486:(Mars/Venus flyby)
2678:NASA cancellations
2573:Deep Space Network
2563:Near Earth Network
2048:Living With a Star
2022:Project Prometheus
2002:Planetary Observer
1131:Bolden, Charles F.
1006:No formal duties.
388:Mission-specific.
319:Payload Specialist
285:Mission-specific.
280:Mission Specialist
18:Lunar module pilot
6557:Outer space lists
6544:
6543:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6111:
6110:
6030:Earth observation
5774:Planetary science
5751:
5750:
5559:and landing sites
5483:
5482:
5401:
5400:
5388:(uncrewed launch)
4601:(uncrewed launch)
4412:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
4387:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
4124:Soyuz abort modes
4026:
4025:
3949:Belka and Strelka
3939:Soviet space dogs
3801:Sputnik programme
3789:
3788:
3722:
3677:
3656:
3635:
3566:
3565:
3531:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3435:
3422:
3410:
3374:Human spaceflight
3325:
3302:
3229:
3228:
3090:
3077:
3065:
3008:
2946:
2945:
2859:stolen or missing
2656:uncrewed missions
2634:Apollo astronauts
2629:Gemini astronauts
2547:
2546:
2331:2001 Mars Odyssey
2106:
2105:
1982:Mars Surveyor '98
1940:
1939:
1883: (with
1816:Human spaceflight
1810:
1809:
1768:Launch Complex 48
1763:Launch Complex 39
1515:
1514:
1023:
1022:
924:
923:
886:Systems Operator
789:Spacecraft Pilot
720:
719:
626:Doctor Cosmonaut
498:
497:
16:(Redirected from
6574:
6506:
6498:
6490:
6482:
6474:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6427:
6419:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6351:
6343:
6335:
6313:
6305:
6297:
6289:
6281:
6273:
6265:
6257:
6124:
6123:
6104:
6094:
6081:
6073:
6065:
6057:
6049:
6041:
6015:
6005:
5997:
5989:
5981:
5973:
5965:
5957:
5934:
5924:
5914:
5904:
5894:
5884:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5793:
5785:
5771:
5770:
5757:
5756:
5683:(In development)
5677:(In development)
5553:
5552:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5487:
5486:
5406:Current missions
5389:
5380:
5336:
4844:
4744:
4674:
4602:
4587:
4526:
4222:
4177:
4172:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
4153:
4152:
4141:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4030:
4029:
3971:Cosmonauts Alley
3834:Luch (satellite)
3720:
3692:
3675:
3654:
3633:
3579:
3578:
3529:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3433:
3420:
3408:
3381:
3380:
3341:
3323:
3296:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3187:Space Stations:
3127:Interplanetary:
3088:
3075:
3063:
3006:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2760:Fallen Astronaut
2401:Van Allen Probes
2121:
2120:
2027:Mars Exploration
1952:
1951:
1823:
1822:
1591:Space Task Group
1563:
1562:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1067:
1049:
984:Science Officer
968:Flight Engineer
931:
930:
827:Eva Crew Member
768:Commander (指挥长)
744:
743:
672:Flight Engineer
587:Vladimir Komarov
552:Pilot Cosmonaut
528:
527:
248:Commander (CDR)
78:
77:
21:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6525:
6509:
6504:
6496:
6488:
6480:
6472:
6463:
6461:
6454:
6449:
6441:
6433:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6399:Chinasat Series
6393:
6379:
6354:
6349:
6341:
6333:
6316:
6311:
6303:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6241:
6158:
6118:
6107:
6102:
6092:
6079:
6071:
6063:
6055:
6047:
6039:
6025:
6013:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5963:
5955:
5946:
5944:
5937:
5932:
5922:
5912:
5902:
5892:
5882:
5872:
5864:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5791:
5783:
5762:
5747:
5738:(space station)
5706:
5597:Launch vehicles
5591:
5586:Siziwang Banner
5547:
5519:
5514:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5458:
5427:Future missions
5422:
5397:
5387:
5378:
5334:
5250:
5136:
5012:
4842:
4824:
4742:
4713:
4682:
4668:
4635:
4600:
4585:
4524:
4449:
4423:
4397:
4372:
4269:
4260:
4220:
4175:
4148:
4142:
4133:
4085:
4062:
4060:Soyuz programme
4057:
4027:
4022:
4003:
3910:
3906:Mission patches
3894:
3843:
3785:
3740:
3696:
3690:
3574:
3562:
3546:
3515:
3447:
3376:
3368:
3347:Launch vehicles
3342:
3333:
3282:
3269:
3260:
3230:
3225:
3194:
3170:Tupolev Tu-2000
3095:
3034:
3018:
2987:
2977:
2947:
2942:
2910:
2810:
2801:Mission patches
2776:Pioneer plaques
2739:Mystic Mountain
2716:Family Portrait
2709:The Blue Marble
2693:
2687:
2661:Apollo missions
2602:
2554:
2543:
2510:
2315:
2309:
2146:Mercury-Atlas 6
2116:
2112:
2102:
2036:
1972:Mariner Mark II
1936:
1917:Commercial Crew
1895:
1818:
1806:
1790:Mission Control
1689:Astronaut Corps
1684:Chief Scientist
1662:
1567:
1551:
1546:
1516:
1511:
1480:
1349:
1335:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1272:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1112:. Kidzworld.com
1108:
1107:
1100:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1028:
1010:Anousheh Ansari
929:
742:
730:
725:
665:space stations
526:
508:
503:
453:Artemis program
339:
84:Typical duties
76:
53:Members of the
51:
46:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6505:(2016–present)
6499:
6497:(1971–present)
6494:Shijian Series
6491:
6489:(2016–present)
6483:
6475:
6466:
6464:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6450:(2024–present)
6444:
6442:(2024–present)
6436:
6434:(2019–present)
6428:
6426:(2008–present)
6420:
6418:(2024–present)
6415:Tiandu 1 and 2
6412:
6410:(2018–present)
6404:
6402:(1994–present)
6396:
6394:(1994–present)
6387:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6350:(2022–present)
6344:
6342:(2022–present)
6336:
6334:(2021–present)
6327:
6325:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6290:
6282:
6274:
6266:
6258:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6121:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6095:
6093:(1999–present)
6082:
6080:(2006–present)
6074:
6072:(2016–present)
6066:
6064:(2002–present)
6061:Haiyang Series
6058:
6056:(2013–present)
6050:
6042:
6040:(2018–present)
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6006:
5998:
5993:Einstein Probe
5990:
5988:(2022–present)
5982:
5980:(2021–present)
5974:
5972:(2020–present)
5966:
5964:(2017–present)
5958:
5956:(2015–present)
5949:
5947:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5925:
5915:
5905:
5895:
5885:
5875:
5867:
5865:(2021–present)
5859:
5857:(2020–present)
5851:
5849:(2020–present)
5843:
5841:(2018–present)
5835:
5833:(2018–present)
5827:
5819:
5817:(2014–present)
5811:
5809:(2013–present)
5803:
5794:
5792:(2010–present)
5786:
5777:
5775:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5588:(landing site)
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5513:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5490:
5481:
5480:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5381:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5258:(2016–present)
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5021:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4736:
4731:
4724:
4722:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4594:
4588:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4527:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4441:
4434:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4406:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4383:
4381:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4178:
4169:
4162:
4160:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:Mission to Mir
3993:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:Ivan Ivanovich
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3797:
3795:
3794:Communications
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3748:
3746:
3745:In development
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3685:
3679:
3670:
3664:
3661:Resurs-DK No.1
3658:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:Phobos program
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3601:Luna programme
3598:
3592:
3585:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3551:In development
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3470:(Moon landing)
3464:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3172:
3140:
3124:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3078:
3070:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3023:In development
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2928:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Astronauts Day
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2555:and navigation
2553:Communications
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:Europa Clipper
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:New Millennium
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1798:
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1792:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1575:
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1560:
1553:
1552:
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1544:
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1530:
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1510:
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1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
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1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
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1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
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1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1291:External links
1289:
1286:
1285:
1263:
1240:
1222:McHale, Suzy.
1211:
1190:
1166:
1155:cite interview
1133:(2004-01-06).
1122:
1098:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
988:
985:
981:
980:
978:
972:
969:
965:
964:
962:
956:
949:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
928:
925:
922:
921:
918:
909:
906:
902:
901:
899:
890:
887:
883:
882:
879:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
849:
846:
842:
841:
838:
828:
825:
821:
820:
817:
807:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
782:
772:
769:
765:
764:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
741:
738:
729:
726:
724:
721:
718:
717:
710:
709:
708:
702:
694:
691:
685:
684:
682:
676:
673:
669:
668:
666:
652:
649:
645:
644:
638:
637:
635:
629:
627:
623:
622:
620:
614:
612:
608:
607:
605:
599:
597:
593:
592:
590:
584:
581:
577:
576:
570:
569:
562:
556:
553:
549:
548:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
525:
522:
507:
504:
502:
499:
496:
495:
493:
490:
486:
485:
483:
480:
476:
475:
473:
470:
466:
465:
463:
460:
456:
455:
449:
448:
441:
438:
434:
433:
431:
428:
424:
423:
421:
418:
414:
413:
411:
408:
404:
403:
397:
396:
389:
386:
380:
379:
377:
374:
368:
367:
365:
362:
358:
357:
350:
347:
341:
340:
338:
337:
334:
331:
327:
325:
322:
315:
314:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
293:
292:
286:
283:
276:
275:
272:
269:
265:
264:
252:
249:
245:
244:
238:
237:
235:
233:
232:Science Pilot
229:
228:
226:
224:
220:
219:
217:
214:
210:
209:
203:
202:
201:joint mission
195:
193:
189:
188:
186:
174:
170:
169:
167:
163:
159:
158:
156:
149:
145:
144:
138:
137:
135:
132:
128:
127:
125:
122:
121:Command Pilot
118:
117:
111:
110:
108:
100:
96:
95:
89:
88:
85:
82:
75:
72:
50:
47:
45:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6579:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6503:
6500:
6495:
6492:
6487:
6484:
6479:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6462:demonstrators
6457:
6448:
6445:
6440:
6437:
6432:
6429:
6424:
6421:
6416:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6400:
6397:
6392:
6391:Apstar Series
6389:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6348:
6345:
6340:
6337:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6310:
6307:
6302:
6299:
6294:
6291:
6286:
6283:
6278:
6275:
6270:
6267:
6262:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6237:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6114:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6086:
6085:Ziyuan Series
6083:
6078:
6077:Yaogan Series
6075:
6070:
6067:
6062:
6059:
6054:
6053:Gaofen Series
6051:
6046:
6043:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6002:
5999:
5994:
5991:
5986:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5970:
5967:
5962:
5959:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5943:Astronomy and
5940:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5871:
5868:
5863:
5862:Zhurong rover
5860:
5855:
5852:
5847:
5844:
5839:
5836:
5831:
5828:
5823:
5820:
5815:
5812:
5807:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5790:
5787:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5758:
5754:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:Long March 12
5690:
5688:
5687:Long March 11
5685:
5682:
5681:Long March 10
5679:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:Long March 4C
5648:
5646:
5645:Long March 4B
5643:
5641:
5640:Long March 4A
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5630:Long March 3C
5628:
5626:
5625:Long March 3B
5623:
5621:
5620:Long March 3A
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5499:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5477:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5391:
5385:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:Soyuz TMA-01M
5149:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:Past missions
4145:
4140:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
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3855:Baikal-Angara
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3828:
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3803:(begun 1957)
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3667:Koronas-Foton
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3143:Spaceplanes:
3141:
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2906:Nikon NASA F4
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2791:NASA insignia
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2771:Lunar plaques
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2723:Pale Blue Dot
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2651:NASA missions
2649:
2647:
2646:NASA aircraft
2644:
2640:
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2568:Space Network
2566:
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2201:Space Shuttle
2199:
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2099:
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2083:New Frontiers
2081:
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2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Lunar Orbiter
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
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1932:Lunar Gateway
1930:
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1898:
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1891:Constellation
1889:
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1873:Space Shuttle
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1711:NASA research
1709:
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1325:
1320:
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1313:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1282:(in Chinese).
1281:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1252:. China Daily
1251:
1244:
1230:on 2020-07-26
1229:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1200:
1194:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1140:
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1126:
1111:
1105:
1103:
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1079:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
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1044:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
991:Peggy Whitson
989:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
975:Robert Thirsk
973:
970:
967:
966:
963:
960:
959:Peggy Whitson
957:
954:
950:
947:
946:
942:
939:
936:
933:
932:
919:
917:
914:(astronaut),
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:
900:
898:
895:(astronaut),
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
880:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
853:
850:
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839:
836:
832:
829:
826:
823:
822:
818:
815:
811:
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802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
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787:
783:
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776:
773:
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767:
766:
763:
759:
755:
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749:
746:
745:
737:
734:
715:
711:
706:
703:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:
667:
664:
660:
656:
653:
650:
647:
646:
643:
639:
636:
633:
632:Boris Yegorov
630:
628:
625:
624:
621:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
606:
603:
602:Alexei Leonov
600:
598:
596:Second Pilot
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
547:
543:
539:
536:
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530:
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519:
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512:
494:
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488:
487:
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468:
467:
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461:
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454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
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419:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
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402:
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375:
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370:
369:
366:
363:
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359:
355:
351:
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329:
328:
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295:
294:
291:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
273:
270:
267:
266:
262:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:Space Shuttle
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
194:
191:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
150:
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143:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
98:
97:
94:
90:
86:
83:
80:
79:
71:
69:
65:
63:
62:Astronaut Pin
58:
56:
41:
38:
32:
27:
19:
6534:
6097:
6018:
6008:
5927:
5917:
5907:
5897:
5887:
5877:
5838:Yutu-2 rover
5814:Chang'e 5-T1
5675:Long March 9
5670:Long March 8
5665:Long March 7
5660:Long March 6
5655:Long March 5
5635:Long March 4
5615:Long March 3
5610:Long March 2
5605:Long March 1
5475:
5469:
5465:
4671:Apollo–Soyuz
4429:Soyuz 7K-OKS
4403:Soyuz 7K-LOK
4378:Soyuz 7K-L1E
4365:
4358:
4128:
3995:
3987:
3926:
3773:
3625:Vega program
3613:Zond program
3462:(Moon flyby)
3459:Zond (7K-L1)
3418:Soyuz-Apollo
3311:Kapustin Yar
3287:Launch sites
3220:
3186:
3174:
3142:
3126:
3110:Zond (7K-L1)
3106:
3073:Apollo–Soyuz
2936:
2924:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2737:
2730:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2531:
2480:Perseverance
2479:
2441:
2434:
2411:
2371:
2354:
2338:New Horizons
2336:
2329:
2322:
2295:
2287:
2263:
2251:
2244:
2231:
2219:
2211:
2172:
2164:
2157:
2150:
1879:
1863:Apollo–Soyuz
1693:
1496:
1279:
1254:. Retrieved
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1203:. Retrieved
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1143:. Retrieved
1138:
1125:
1114:. Retrieved
1092:
1082:
1047:
852:Jing Haipeng
810:Nie Haisheng
735:
731:
559:Yuri Gagarin
516:
513:
509:
289:
268:Pilot (PLT)
257:jet aircraft
199:Apollo–Soyuz
66:
59:
52:
35:
26:
6481:(1969–2006)
6478:FSW Program
6431:Tianlian II
6264:(2016–2019)
6256:(2011–2018)
6230:Shenzhou 18
6225:Shenzhou 17
6220:Shenzhou 16
6215:Shenzhou 15
6210:Shenzhou 14
6205:Shenzhou 13
6200:Shenzhou 12
6195:Shenzhou 11
6190:Shenzhou 10
6119:spaceflight
6045:Double Star
5825:(2013–2016)
5720:(cancelled)
5468:instead of
5265:Soyuz MS-01
5144:(2010–2016)
5142:Soyuz-TMA-M
5027:Soyuz TMA-1
5020:(2002–2012)
4832:(1986–2002)
4728:Kosmos 1001
4721:(1978–1986)
4690:(1974–1976)
4643:(1974–1976)
4641:Soyuz 7K-TM
4457:(1972–1981)
4405:(1971–1972)
4380:(1969–1970)
4268:(1967–1970)
4266:Soyuz 7K-L1
4159:(1966–1970)
4157:Soyuz 7K-OK
4090:Main topics
3684:(2011–2019)
3673:Fobos-Grunt
3663:(2006-2016)
3648:(1990-1992)
3642:(1989-1998)
3636:(1988-1989)
3627:(1984-1987)
3621:(1983-1991)
3615:(1964–1970)
3609:(1961–1985)
3603:(1958–1976)
3597:(1972–1996)
3591:(1961–1982)
3431:Shuttle–Mir
3306:Dombarovsky
3086:Shuttle-Mir
2766:Deep fields
2694:and artwork
2692:NASA images
2264:Opportunity
1733:NASA Social
1559:and history
1248:Lei, Zhao.
916:Shenzhou 16
912:Gui Haichao
897:Shenzhou 12
893:Tang Hongbo
877:Shenzhou 11
705:Dennis Tito
6562:Astronauts
6551:Categories
6460:Technology
6423:Tianlian I
6367:Navigation
6309:Tianzhou 6
6301:Tianzhou 5
6293:Tianzhou 4
6285:Tianzhou 3
6277:Tianzhou 2
6269:Tianzhou 1
6261:Tiangong 2
6253:Tiangong 1
6185:Shenzhou 9
6180:Shenzhou 7
6175:Shenzhou 6
6170:Shenzhou 5
6154:Shenzhou 8
6149:Shenzhou 4
6144:Shenzhou 3
6139:Shenzhou 2
6134:Shenzhou 1
5822:Yutu rover
5557:Spaceports
5335:(uncrewed)
4843:(uncrewed)
4839:Soyuz TM-1
4743:(uncrewed)
4697:Kosmos 670
4688:Soyuz 7K-S
4650:Kosmos 638
4525:(uncrewed)
4489:Kosmos 656
4479:Kosmos 613
4464:Kosmos 496
4455:Soyuz 7K-T
4393:Kosmos 382
4292:Zond 1967A
4281:Kosmos 146
4221:(uncrewed)
4192:Kosmos 186
4181:Kosmos 140
4176:(uncrewed)
4166:Kosmos 133
4011:See also:
3865:Mars-Grunt
3827:Sputnik 99
3822:Sputnik 41
3478:(moonbase)
3299:Kazakhstan
3175:Capsules:
2854:Moon rocks
2614:Astronauts
2607:NASA lists
2464:OSIRIS-REx
2298:helicopter
2166:Pioneer 11
2159:Pioneer 10
1962:Hitchhiker
1837:suborbital
1674:Space Race
1234:2012-06-09
1205:2012-06-09
1184:2012-06-09
1116:2012-06-09
1074:References
1017:astronauts
948:Commander
856:Shenzhou 7
835:Shenzhou 7
814:Shenzhou 6
779:Shenzhou 5
775:Yang Liwei
714:astronauts
648:Commander
580:Commander
459:Commander
407:Commander
393:astronauts
213:Commander
148:Commander
37:Astronauts
6447:Queqiao 2
6048:(2003–07)
5945:cosmology
5929:Tianwen-3
5919:Tianwen-4
5909:Chang'e 8
5899:Chang'e 7
5889:Tianwen-2
5870:Chang'e 6
5854:Chang'e 5
5846:Tianwen-1
5830:Chang'e 4
5806:Chang'e 3
5797:Yinghuo 1
5789:Chang'e 2
5784:(2007–09)
5781:Chang'e 1
5702:Kaituozhe
5018:Soyuz-TMA
4739:Soyuz T-1
4117:Site 31/6
3870:Mercury-P
3860:Laplace-P
3817:Sputnik 3
3812:Sputnik 2
3807:Sputnik 1
3781:Spektr-UV
3752:Luna-Glob
3736:Spektr-RG
3713:Elektro–L
3452:Cancelled
3324:(defunct)
3278:Roscosmos
3100:Cancelled
2881:Moon tree
2702:Earthrise
2577:Goldstone
2474:Mars 2020
2443:Voyager 2
2436:Voyager 1
2372:Curiosity
2316:operating
2314:Currently
2296:Ingenuity
2233:MESSENGER
2212:Sojourner
2141:Mercury 3
2131:Apollo 11
2078:Discovery
2068:Explorers
1657:Augustine
1621:Augustine
1256:9 October
1145:6 January
1052:Joe Engle
943:Comments
940:Examples
934:Position
866:Operator
756:Comments
753:Examples
747:Position
740:Positions
540:Comments
537:Examples
531:Position
524:Positions
447:mission.
87:Comments
81:Position
74:Positions
6347:Mengtian
5736:Tiangong
5718:Shuguang
5697:Kuaizhou
5576:Wenchang
5256:Soyuz MS
4830:Soyuz-TM
4660:Soyuz 16
4494:Soyuz 14
4484:Soyuz 13
4474:Soyuz 12
4438:Soyuz 10
4337:Zond-M 1
4112:Site 1/5
3885:Venera-D
3880:Spektr-M
3848:Concepts
3775:Kazachok
3731:Resurs-P
3726:Meteor-M
3691:(failed)
3682:Spektr-R
3676:(failed)
3655:(failed)
3634:(failed)
3575:programs
3377:programs
3089:(joint)
3076:(joint)
3007:(joint)
2925:Category
2587:Canberra
2499:timeline
2487:timeline
2423:timeline
2379:timeline
2276:observed
2271:timeline
2239:Aquarius
2179:timeline
2152:Magellan
2114:missions
2012:Surveyor
1948:programs
1878:Shuttle–
1819:programs
1651:Aldridge
1570:creation
1026:See also
762:Shenzhou
663:Salyut 7
659:Salyut 6
6535:italics
6514:Related
6502:XPNAV 1
6439:Qianfan
6407:Queqiao
6339:Wentian
6324:modules
6010:Xuntian
5879:Shensuo
5767:Science
5742:Tianwen
5730:Chang'e
5581:Xichang
5571:Taiyuan
5566:Jiuquan
5476:Italics
5246:TMA-20M
5241:TMA-19M
5236:TMA-18M
5231:TMA-17M
5226:TMA-16M
5221:TMA-15M
5216:TMA-14M
5211:TMA-13M
5206:TMA-12M
5201:TMA-11M
5196:TMA-10M
5191:TMA-09M
5186:TMA-08M
5181:TMA-07M
5176:TMA-06M
5171:TMA-05M
5166:TMA-04M
5161:TMA-03M
5156:TMA-02M
4719:Soyuz-T
4217:Soyuz 2
4186:Soyuz 1
3915:Related
3767:Luna 28
3762:Luna 27
3757:Luna 26
3721:(joint)
3718:ExoMars
3688:Luna 25
3652:Mars 96
3595:Prognoz
3572:Robotic
3530:(joint)
3439:Energia
3434:(joint)
3421:(joint)
3396:Voskhod
3199:Related
3150:Energia
3051:Voskhod
2984:Russian
2937:Commons
2815:Related
2624:by year
2619:by name
2396:GOES 15
2386:GOES 14
2303:flights
2289:InSight
2245:Cassini
2173:Galileo
2098:SIMPLEx
2073:Voyager
2041:Current
1997:Pioneer
1967:Mariner
1946:Robotic
1927:Artemis
1900:Current
1843:Mercury
1835: (
1728:NASA TV
1667:General
1566:History
1485:Related
953:Station
937:Duties
750:Duties
574:Voskhod
534:Duties
104:Mercury
93:Mercury
6473:(2020)
6331:Tianhe
6312:(2023)
6304:(2022)
6296:(2022)
6288:(2021)
6280:(2021)
6272:(2017)
6103:(2025)
6069:TanSat
6014:(2026)
6004:(2024)
5996:(2023)
5933:(2030)
5923:(2029)
5913:(2028)
5903:(2026)
5893:(2025)
5883:(2024)
5873:(2024)
5801:(2011)
5466:Kosmos
5386:
5377:
5333:
5132:TMA-22
5127:TMA-21
5122:TMA-20
5117:TMA-19
5112:TMA-18
5107:TMA-17
5102:TMA-16
5097:TMA-15
5092:TMA-14
5087:TMA-13
5082:TMA-12
5077:TMA-11
5072:TMA-10
4841:
4741:
4667:
4599:
4584:
4523:
4431:(1971)
4349:Zond 7
4304:Zond 4
4219:
3708:Bion-M
3701:Active
3693:(2023)
3678:(2011)
3669:(2009)
3657:(1996)
3640:Granat
3619:Astron
3607:Venera
3520:Active
3511:Kliper
3496:Zvezda
3491:Spiral
3475:Zvezda
3401:Salyut
3391:Vostok
3359:Proton
3354:Angara
3263:Soviet
3178:Zvezda
3162:Kliper
3146:Spiral
3134:Aelita
3122:Zvezda
3118:LK-700
3107:Moon:
3056:Salyut
3046:Vostok
2992:Active
2980:Soviet
2582:Madrid
2515:Future
2430:NuSTAR
2361:THEMIS
2283:RHESSI
2220:Spirit
2017:Viking
2007:Ranger
1858:Skylab
1853:Apollo
1848:Gemini
1706:Budget
1659:(2009)
1653:(2004)
1647:(2004)
1641:(2003)
1635:(2002)
1633:CFUSAI
1629:(1996)
1623:(1990)
1617:(1989)
1611:(1987)
1605:(1986)
1603:Rogers
1599:(1986)
1593:(1958)
1587:(1958)
1581:(1915)
1557:Policy
1354:Groups
566:Vostok
546:Vostok
469:Pilot
445:Demo-2
417:Pilot
223:Pilot
207:Skylab
142:Apollo
131:Pilot
115:Gemini
99:Pilot
6486:QUESS
6376:(BDS)
6117:Human
6099:SMILE
6089:CBERS
5985:ASO-S
5977:CHASE
5969:GECAM
5953:DAMPE
5470:Soyuz
5452:MS-29
5448:2026
5442:MS-28
5437:MS-27
5433:2025
5418:MS-26
5413:MS-25
5393:MS-24
5384:MS-23
5375:MS-22
5370:MS-21
5365:MS-20
5360:MS-19
5355:MS-18
5350:MS-17
5345:MS-16
5340:MS-15
5331:MS-14
5326:MS-13
5321:MS-12
5316:MS-11
5310:MS-10
5305:MS-09
5300:MS-08
5295:MS-07
5290:MS-06
5285:MS-05
5280:MS-04
5275:MS-03
5270:MS-02
5067:TMA-9
5062:TMA-8
5057:TMA-7
5052:TMA-6
5047:TMA-5
5042:TMA-4
5037:TMA-3
5032:TMA-2
5008:TM-34
5003:TM-33
4998:TM-32
4993:TM-31
4988:TM-30
4983:TM-29
4978:TM-28
4973:TM-27
4968:TM-26
4963:TM-25
4958:TM-24
4953:TM-23
4948:TM-22
4943:TM-21
4938:TM-20
4933:TM-19
4928:TM-18
4923:TM-17
4918:TM-16
4913:TM-15
4908:TM-14
4903:TM-13
4898:TM-12
4893:TM-11
4888:TM-10
4789:T-10a
4331:1969A
4315:1968B
4309:1968A
4298:1967B
3944:Laika
3890:Sfera
3875:OPSEK
3646:Gamma
3542:Soyuz
3501:Zarya
3443:Buran
3406:Almaz
3364:Soyuz
3190:OPSEK
3182:Zarya
3154:Buran
3114:N1-L3
3061:Almaz
2999:Soyuz
2527:NISAR
2482:rover
2454:MAVEN
2374:rover
2355:Swift
2266:rover
2227:LADEE
2222:rover
2214:rover
2191:GRAIL
2186:GALEX
1977:MESUR
1922:Orion
1723:NASA+
1699:Chief
1597:Paine
1056:STS-2
1039:Notes
728:Ranks
642:Soyuz
506:Ranks
321:(PS)
282:(MS)
49:Ranks
6037:CSES
6001:SVOM
5961:HXMT
4883:TM-9
4878:TM-8
4873:TM-7
4868:TM-6
4863:TM-5
4858:TM-4
4853:TM-3
4848:TM-2
4820:T-15
4815:T-14
4810:T-13
4805:T-12
4800:T-11
4795:T-10
4734:1074
4418:No.2
3582:Past
3558:Orel
3506:MAKS
3384:Past
3297:(in
3265:and
3158:MAKS
3039:Past
3030:Orel
2982:and
2506:PACE
2449:WISE
2412:Juno
2252:Dawn
2196:WMAP
2136:COBE
2124:Past
1955:Past
1833:X-15
1826:Past
1639:CAIB
1609:Ride
1579:NACA
1549:NASA
1280:HK01
1258:2020
1161:link
1147:2014
1060:X-15
920:TBA
881:TBA
861:TBA
840:TBA
819:TBA
798:TBA
795:TBA
792:TBA
784:TBA
661:and
5724:CMS
4784:T-9
4778:T-8
4773:T-7
4768:T-6
4763:T-5
4758:T-4
4753:T-3
4748:T-2
4708:869
4702:772
4655:672
4510:18a
4469:573
4343:M 2
4286:154
4212:238
4207:213
4202:212
4197:188
3483:TMK
3426:Mir
3413:TKS
3166:LKS
3130:TMK
3081:Mir
3068:TKS
3004:ISS
2459:MMS
1880:Mir
6553::
6091:)
5799:†
4678:22
4665:19
4631:40
4626:39
4621:38
4616:37
4611:36
4606:35
4597:34
4591:33
4582:32
4577:31
4572:30
4567:29
4562:28
4557:27
4552:26
4546:25
4541:24
4535:23
4530:21
4521:20
4516:18
4505:17
4499:15
4444:11
4367:10
4174:†
3589:DS
3441:/
3411:/
3180:,
3168:,
3164:,
3160:,
3156:,
3152:/
3148:,
3136:,
3132:,
3120:,
3116:,
3112:,
3066:/
1476:24
1471:23
1466:22
1461:21
1456:20
1451:19
1446:18
1441:17
1436:16
1431:15
1426:14
1421:13
1416:12
1411:11
1406:10
1266:^
1214:^
1169:^
1157:}}
1153:{{
1137:.
1101:^
1091:.
1019:.
955:.
875:,
854:,
833:,
812:,
777:,
716:.
356:.
182:LM
6238:)
6234:(
6087:(
5509:e
5502:t
5495:v
5312:†
4791:†
4780:†
4730:†
4710:†
4704:†
4673:)
4669:(
4593:†
4548:†
4537:†
4512:†
4501:†
4446:†
4440:†
4420:†
4414:†
4389:†
4360:9
4354:8
4345:†
4339:†
4333:†
4326:6
4321:5
4317:†
4311:†
4300:†
4294:†
4288:†
4274:)
4270:(
4256:9
4251:8
4246:7
4241:6
4236:5
4231:4
4226:3
4188:†
4168:†
4052:e
4045:t
4038:v
3301:)
3255:e
3248:t
3241:v
2972:e
2965:t
2958:v
2825:"
2821:"
2594:)
2575:(
1887:)
1869:)
1839:)
1572:)
1568:(
1541:e
1534:t
1527:v
1401:9
1396:8
1391:7
1386:6
1381:5
1376:4
1371:3
1366:2
1361:1
1330:e
1323:t
1316:v
1260:.
1237:.
1208:.
1187:.
1163:)
1149:.
1119:.
1095:.
33:.
20:)
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