883:
hardened. The armor plates protecting the secondary turrets were 102 millimeters (4 in) thick and were backed by two layers of 9-millimeter (0.35 in) mild steel. Their roofs had a total thickness of 39 millimeters (1.5 in), arranged in the same manner as the main-gun turrets. The outer wall of the casemates consisted of 102 millimeters of armor and the inner wall was 64 millimeters (2.5 in) of armor backed by two layers of 8-millimeter (0.31 in) plates. The forward end of the forward casemates formed part of a transverse bulkhead that had a total thickness of 120 millimeters (4.7 in). For the first time in a French ship, the
588:
37:
71:
786:. Their 45–54.9-kilogram (99–121 lb) shells were fired at muzzle velocities of 900 meters per second (3,000 ft/s) at a rate of three rounds per minute. At their maximum elevation of +15 degrees, the casemated guns had a range of 9,000 meters (9,800 yd) and the turret-mounted guns 10,800 meters (11,800 yd). The sisters carried 200 rounds for each gun. For defense against
815:. One pair was submerged and the other was above water, both firing on the broadside, and the last tube was above water in the stern. The ship carried sixteen torpedoes for them. Her sisters were not fitted with the above-water tubes and they only carried six torpedoes for their underwater tubes. The first two ships were provided with facilities to handle ten
882:
The main-gun turrets were protected by 138 millimeters (5.4 in) of armor, backed by two layers of 13-millimeter (0.51 in) mild steel plates, on their front and sides; their roofs consisted of three layers of 17-millimeter (0.67 in) mild steel plates, of which only the topmost layer was
862:
of 130-millimeter (5.1 in) armour that reduced to thicknesses of 80 millimeters at the bow and 70 millimeters at the stern. The plates tapered to 70–120 millimeters (2.8–4.7 in) at their upper edges, with the thinner plates being towards the ends of the ship. Above this was a
551:
and defeat the blockading squadron. Countering this with a distant blockade strategy would require the
British to keep their capital ships at home to react to any attempt by the French to break out en masse. The distant blockade strategy required smaller ships to monitor the ports and notify the
870:
plates, of which only the topmost layer was hardened. The upper deck was at the level of the top of the upper strake of armor and its plates were each 11 millimeters (0.43 in) thick. The horizontal portion of the lower armored deck used 15-millimeter (0.59 in) plates; the armor on the
1250:
on 21 December brought an end to the sorties into the
Adriatic by the battlefleet; henceforth the supply ships were escorted by the armored cruisers or smaller ships. The French also responded by moving their patrol line further south to a line north of the Greek island of
1329:
until it was completed on 15 June. Shortages of coal and trained manpower hampered most training for the rest of the year and became even worse in 1917. As tensions rose between the Allies and the neutral Greek government in early 1917,
1181:
forces in the
Central Mediterranean, was ordered to begin offensive operations against the Austro-Hungarian fleet in the Adriatic. He split his forces into two groups to break the Austro-Hungarian blockade of the port of
887:
for all of the turrets were in the form of an inverted truncated cone with a total thickness of 164 millimeters for the main-gun turrets and 120 millimeters for the secondary turrets. The front and sides of the
709:, reaching 22.3–23 knots (41.3–42.6 km/h; 25.7–26.5 mph) from 28,344–29,029 metric horsepower (20,847–21,351 kW). They carried a maximum of 2,100 long tons (2,100 t) of coal and could steam for 7,500
1265:
on 26 April 1915, agreeing to declare war on Austro-Hungary. Boué de Lapeyrère, concerned about a possible pre-emptive attack on the southern
Italian ports, temporarily moved all of his armored cruisers closer to the
1150:
would defend the northern French coast and the French would concentrate her fleet in the
Mediterranean and defend British interests there. The French designated the consolidated fleet the 1st Naval Army
528:. To their credit, the factions in the government and the navy were mostly able stop squabbling amongst themselves to reconsider their naval strategy and the types of ships that they would build.
1278:
with the loss of 684 men out of her crew of 821 the following day. After the sinking, Boué de Lapeyrère withdrew his armored cruisers even further south to a line running through the island of
1101:. After a reorganization of the French Navy and unit redesignations in late 1909, the ship was transferred to the Mediterranean in early 1910 and joined her sisters in the 2nd Light Division (
661:. The outer shafts had 5.5-meter (18 ft 1 in) propellers while the centre propeller had a diameter of 5 meters (16 ft 5 in). The engines were rated at a total of 27,500
1317:
was untenable and that the army would have to be evacuated. They decided to occupy the neutral island of Corfu to provide a place for the Serbs to recuperate and to rebuild their army.
386:) during the first decade of the 20th century. Armed with four 194-millimeter (7.6 in) guns, the ships were much larger and more powerfully armed than their predecessors.
524:, forced the French to realize that they were grossly unprepared for war with Britain as they could neither defend their colonies nor break through any British blockade of
892:
were protected by 174 millimeters (6.9 in) of armor and its rear by 110 millimeters (4.3 in). It had a roof that had a total thickness of 40 millimeters.
1818:
871:
sloping part of the deck where it met the lower edge of the waterline armor belt ranged in thickness from 40–65 millimeters (1.6–2.6 in). The aft end of the
858:. Its plates were 2.05 meters (6 ft 9 in) tall and tapered to a thickness of 50–70 millimeters (2.0–2.8 in) at their lower edge. Above this was a
1198:
coast and the battleships the
Italian coast before cutting across the Adriatic to rendezvous at Antivari on the morning of the 16th. The latter group sank the
755:
ranging from 770 to 800 meters per second (2,500 to 2,600 ft/s). This gave them a range of about 11,500 meters (12,600 yd) at the turrets' maximum
17:
1811:
1169:
declared war on France on 3 August 1914, the 2nd DL was tasked to escort troop convoys and the battlefleet until France declared war on the
1928:
2628:
2623:
1804:
2244:
2230:
713:(13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Electrical power was supplied by four 1200-
1085:. Unlike her sisters, the latter ship never served as a flagship. She visited the United States in 1907 to participate in the
646:) at normal load. Their crew normally numbered 26 officers and 708 enlisted men, or 30 officers and 749 men when serving as a
2098:
1746:
1705:
1683:
912:, chose these names to order to honor left-wing statesmen and activists, as the officers of the French Navy (the so-called "
539:(Young School) had built enough torpedo craft that the British could no longer maintain their long-time strategy of a close
2458:
740:
285:
1245:
2430:
1995:
654:
237:
2493:
2423:
2368:
2216:
1787:
1768:
1727:
1635:
1334:
played a small role in pressuring the Greeks to join the Allies in June. On 12 August, the 2nd DL was disbanded with
1128:
905:
558:
for the commerce-raiding role could easily defeat those light forces. The value placed by the new strategy (French:
2472:
2514:
2409:
2167:
1174:
419:
2437:
2077:
1841:
967:
387:
2569:
2264:
1921:
1698:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations: An Illustrated Directory
1282:. After the Italian declaration of war on 23 May, the French ships withdrew further into the Mediterranean and
920:
of the first two ships was prolonged by accidents and mechanical problems, while the transfer of the order for
2023:
1065:
was assigned to the
Northern Squadron upon commissioning and became the flagship of the 1st Cruiser Squadron (
771:
291:
2479:
2361:
2223:
2133:
1880:
99:
2237:
802:
2521:
2084:
2009:
863:
strake of 40-millimeter (1.6 in) armor that extended from the bow to the end of the forward casemate.
587:
2140:
2444:
2030:
2549:
2500:
2382:
2298:
2147:
2057:
1987:
1968:
1855:
1848:
1030:
1000:
413:
407:
1306:; the division was responsible for patrolling the area between southern Italy and the Greek island of
690:
2465:
2333:
2319:
2305:
2016:
1961:
1914:
952:
592:
575:) of 1900 with a requirement for a new generation of five ships, of which the first three became the
2291:
2618:
2535:
2486:
2451:
2416:
2347:
2340:
2312:
2284:
2209:
2002:
1954:
1233:
989:
779:
348:
2528:
2507:
2202:
2037:
1895:
1365:
which joined her sister in reserve when she returned in 1925. The sisters were stricken from the
1314:
1262:
1170:
1132:
1325:
was deemed fit for combat in May and the sisters provided distant cover for the transfer to the
835:-class ships were protected by 3,011 metric tons (2,963 long tons) of armour. It consisted of a
2542:
2354:
2091:
1242:
791:
756:
297:
2389:
2326:
2112:
2105:
1975:
1303:
1178:
634:) was slightly longer at 149.07 meters (489 ft 1 in). The sisters were designed to
452:
1645:
Dai, Wei (September 2020). "A Discussion on French
Armored Cruiser Identification: From the
1624:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2119:
1906:
1871:
1361:) in 1922 and returned to reserve after her return the following year. She was replaced by
1086:
1007:
974:
876:
760:
604:
86:
8:
2375:
1720:
The Battle of the
Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I
1124:
737:
635:
525:
1120:
520:, coupled with the earlier war scare with the British over the navigable portion of the
2049:
1322:
1291:
1209:
1037:
957:
929:
901:
767:
674:
2159:
1783:
1764:
1742:
1723:
1701:
1679:
1662:
1631:
1267:
1199:
925:
783:
775:
698:
662:
219:
213:
436:
joined them there in 1910 and the sisters remained there for most of their careers.
2561:
1345:
The sisters were reactivated in 1921 and assigned to the Atlantic Flying Division (
1258:
1166:
909:
682:
513:
1223:
by the main battlefleet. During one such mission, the 2nd DL raided the island of
569:'poor man's navy') on the armored cruiser was reflected in the Naval Law (
2069:
1715:
1693:
1183:
872:
752:
658:
623:
448:
373:
156:
1582:
Freivogel, pp. 98–100, 117–122; Halpern, p. 4; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 230–231
1796:
1326:
1299:
1220:
748:
619:
517:
36:
534:
2612:
2256:
1756:
1666:
1143:
1112:
1022:
889:
843:
794:
710:
552:
battlefleet of any attempt to break out. The armored cruisers favored by the
497:
476:
354:
300:
260:
1116:
812:
787:
729:
627:
544:
456:
444:
306:
182:
148.35–149.07 m (486 ft 9 in – 489 ft 1 in) (
1215:
At the end of the month, the French began intermittently escorting single
482:
They were reactivated in 1921 to serve with the Atlantic Flying Division (
1943:
917:
702:
521:
440:
393:
377:
332:
248:
76:
1946:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1216:
1187:
1147:
867:
851:
839:
816:
744:
339:
326:
312:
263:(13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
547:, which would allow the battleships favored by the traditionalists to
2401:
2276:
1366:
1202:
947:
847:
836:
706:
464:
1146:
of 1911, the French and British governments agreed in 1912 that the
1321:
ferried some of the occupation force to Corfu in January 1916. The
884:
666:
647:
643:
540:
489:
403:
272:
223:
171:
705:(41 km/h; 25 mph) and exceeded that figure during their
396:
to be completed, was initially assigned to the Northern Squadron (
1295:
1224:
1195:
1075:
became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet's Light Squadron (
630:
of 8.18 meters (26 ft 10 in); the third and last ship (
1761:
The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
1241:, on the return voyage the following day. The torpedoing of the
1573:
Freivogel, pp. 96, 101; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 218, 222, 227
1238:
1136:
1098:
1094:
916:") were reputed to have rather right-wing Royalist sympathies.
859:
717:
714:
548:
1521:
Jordan & Caresse, pp. 140–141, 160; Ropp, pp. 167–168, 257
751:. The guns fired 75–90.3-kilogram (165–199 lb) shells at
603:
s were designed as enlarged and more powerful versions of the
1600:
Freivogel, p. 219; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 238–240, 243–245
1338:
assigned to transport duties until July 1918 when she joined
1307:
1252:
1191:
879:
that had a total thickness of 100 millimeters (3.9 in).
855:
774:
guns. Twelve of these were in three twin-gun turrets on each
639:
167:
1936:
1313:
At the end of 1915, the French and British decided that the
516:
of 1898, where the British forced them to withdraw from the
27:
French Navy's Léon Gambetta class of three armored cruisers
1219:
to Antivari, usually escorted by the armored cruisers and
1458:
Friedman, p. 223; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 143, 145, 148
1449:
Friedman, p. 218; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 104, 145, 148
183:
1622:
Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979).
763:
which it could fire at a rate of two rounds per minute.
1157:) and grouped its two DLs into the 1st Light Squadron.
932:
in 1902 greatly delayed the start of her construction.
866:
Both of the armored decks consisted of three layers of
488:). In 1922–1925, the sisters alternated service in the
677:. Each of the sisters had a different type of boiler;
492:, but were again placed in reserve upon their return.
811:
was equipped with five 450-millimeter (17.7 in)
467:
in April 1915 with heavy loss of life. In mid-1917,
1115:shortly afterwards and missed participating in the
850:and reduced to 90 millimeters (3.5 in) at the
447:of the French fleet. The ships participated in the
1722:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
1623:
1190:, and to engage any ships operating out of nearby
653:The ships were powered by a trio of four-cylinder
543:of French ports without risking the loss of their
1626:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
618:) measured 148.35 meters (486 ft 9 in)
2610:
1826:
1621:
1373:was sold for scrap in 1928 and was followed by
759:of +15 degrees. Each gun was provided with 100
443:, the cruisers escorted convoys as well as the
1763:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
772:164-millimeter (6.5 in) Modèle 1893–1896M
345:Secondary gun turrets: 102 mm (4 in)
1922:
1812:
1737:Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2019).
1736:
1355:was transferred to the Far Eastern Division (
1212:before the armored cruisers could get there.
1173:on the 12th. The following day, Vice Admiral
846:that was 150 millimeters (5.9 in) thick
591:Right elevation and deck plan as depicted in
1356:
1346:
1286:with the 2nd DL ultimately basing itself at
1152:
1102:
1076:
1066:
701:. The ships were designed for a speed of 22
626:of 21.4 meters (70 ft 3 in) and a
570:
553:
532:
483:
479:. She was joined by her sister in mid-1918.
423:
397:
381:
1777:
1676:The Great War in the Adriatic Sea 1914–1918
1555:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 160, 210–211, 215
564:
1929:
1915:
1819:
1805:
1315:Serbian position in Montenegro and Albania
1673:
582:
1937:French naval ship classes of World War I
1692:
1194:. The armored cruisers would follow the
854:and 80 millimeters (3.1 in) at the
586:
531:They realized that the advocates of the
1714:
655:vertical triple-expansion steam engines
610:armored cruisers. The first two ships (
14:
2611:
1780:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
1609:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 253–254, 259
1494:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 151, 154–155
1485:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 145, 150–151
1428:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 143, 157–158
1910:
1800:
1741:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1755:
1436:
1434:
1081:) upon completion and was joined by
778:and the remaining four guns were in
305:2 or 5 × 450 mm (17.7 in)
1896:List of cruisers of the French Navy
1759:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
1644:
1358:Division navale de l'Extrême Orient
900:The ships were named after notable
202:8.18 m (26 ft 10 in)
24:
1739:French Armoured Cruisers 1887–1932
1564:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 210, 214
1546:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 252, 259
1524:
1413:
1057:
512:The French humiliation during the
329:: 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in)
194:21.4 m (70 ft 3 in)
25:
2640:
1591:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 232–233
1512:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 154–156
1503:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 154–155
1461:
1431:
1139:on 4 September with her sisters.
1051:Sold for scrap, 26 November 1930
335:: 33–65 mm (1.3–2.6 in)
1348:Division volante de l'Atlantique
485:Division volante de l'Atlantique
463:was sunk by an Austro-Hungarian
69:
35:
2629:Ship classes of the French Navy
1615:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1440:Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 306
875:was closed off by a transverse
741:194-millimeter Modèle 1893–1896
669:), using steam provided by 20 (
1782:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1452:
1443:
1422:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1160:
292:164 mm (6.5 in) guns
286:194 mm (7.6 in) guns
238:triple-expansion steam engines
13:
1:
1778:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
1630:. New York: Mayflower Books.
1380:
826:
770:comprised sixteen 45-caliber
507:
2624:Léon Gambetta-class cruisers
1678:. Zagreb: Despot Infinitus.
1674:Freivogel, Zvonimir (2019).
1537:Jordan & Caresse, p. 140
1476:Jordan & Caresse, p. 148
1419:Jordan & Caresse, p. 143
1410:Jordan & Caresse, p. 136
904:of the French Republic. The
7:
1988:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1401:Ropp, pp. 329–330, 332, 334
823:could handle twenty mines.
792:47-millimeter (1.9 in)
790:, they carried twenty-four
736:class consisted of four 40-
723:
432:also served as a flagship.
357:: 174 mm (6.9 in)
342:: 138 mm (5.4 in)
251:(41 km/h; 25 mph)
18:Léon Gambetta class cruiser
10:
2645:
1700:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth.
1392:Ropp, pp. 306–307, 324–325
1274:was torpedoed and sunk by
1175:Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère
803:Canon de 47 mm modèle 1902
504:followed two years later.
425:Escadre de la Méditerranée
2580:
2560:
2400:
2275:
2255:
2158:
2068:
2048:
1986:
1942:
1891:
1866:
1837:
1029:
999:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
943:
940:
351:: 102 mm (4 in)
147:
48:
34:
895:
402:) where she served as a
298:47 mm (1.9 in)
2593:Completed after the war
1231:was narrowly missed by
1171:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1107:(DL)) by 4 April 1911.
471:became a transport and
148:General characteristics
1357:
1347:
1243:dreadnought battleship
1237:, an Austro-Hungarian
1153:
1103:
1077:
1068:1 Division de croiseur
1067:
596:
593:Brassey's Naval Annual
583:Design and description
571:
559:
554:
533:
484:
424:
420:Mediterranean Squadron
398:
382:
2246:Jurien de la Gravière
1655:Warship International
1089:; the following year
743:guns mounted in twin-
590:
453:Austro-Hungarian Navy
418:were assigned to the
290:6 × twin, 4 × single
2587:Single ship of class
1208:that morning in the
1093:participated in the
1087:Jamestown Exposition
1008:Arsenal de Cherbourg
975:Arsenal de Rochefort
906:Minister of the Navy
747:fore and aft of the
2050:Coast defense ships
1177:, commander of the
1125:President of France
937:
908:from 1902 to 1905,
657:, each driving one
526:Metropolitan France
392:, the first of the
372:consisted of three
2160:Protected cruisers
1467:Silverstone, p. 80
1323:Royal Serbian Army
1227:on 2 November and
1210:Battle of Antivari
1133:Théophile Delcassé
1038:Arsenal de Lorient
936:Construction data
935:
930:Arsenal de Lorient
768:secondary armament
699:Belleville boilers
675:water-tube boilers
597:
214:water-tube boilers
2606:
2605:
2562:Seaplane carriers
2070:Armoured cruisers
1904:
1903:
1748:978-1-5267-4118-9
1707:978-1-84832-100-7
1685:978-953-8218-40-8
1377:two years later.
1268:Strait of Otranto
1200:protected cruiser
1104:2 Division légère
1055:
1054:
926:Arsenal de Toulon
753:muzzle velocities
691:du Temple boilers
683:Niclausse boilers
663:metric horsepower
568:
363:
362:
96:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2636:
2370:Enseigne Gabolde
2266:La Motte-Picquet
1931:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1774:
1752:
1733:
1716:Halpern, Paul G.
1711:
1694:Friedman, Norman
1689:
1670:
1641:
1629:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1360:
1350:
1263:Treaty of London
1167:Imperial Germany
1156:
1121:Armand Fallières
1106:
1097:Tercentenary in
1080:
1070:
995:, 27 April 1915
982:26 October 1902
979:15 January 1901
938:
934:
910:Camille Pelletan
697:was fitted with
574:
566:
563:
560:marine de pauvre
557:
538:
514:Fashoda Incident
487:
427:
401:
385:
383:Marine Nationale
374:armored cruisers
75:
73:
72:
39:
32:
31:
21:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2619:Cruiser classes
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2576:
2556:
2474:Amiral Bourgois
2396:
2271:
2251:
2218:D'Entrecasteaux
2154:
2064:
2044:
1982:
1938:
1935:
1905:
1900:
1887:
1862:
1833:
1831:-class cruisers
1825:
1790:
1771:
1749:
1730:
1708:
1686:
1638:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1163:
1111:was reduced to
1060:
1058:Service history
1015:23 August 1903
1012:19 August 1901
898:
873:armored citadel
829:
726:
659:propeller shaft
585:
510:
475:was reduced to
399:Escadre du Nord
207:Installed power
157:Armored cruiser
70:
68:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2642:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2259:
2257:Light cruisers
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2232:Châteaurenault
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2169:Amiral Cécille
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2135:Jules Michelet
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2086:Amiral Charner
2082:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1882:Jules Michelet
1877:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1775:
1769:
1757:Ropp, Theodore
1753:
1747:
1734:
1728:
1712:
1706:
1690:
1684:
1671:
1661:(3): 199–221.
1642:
1636:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1442:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1369:in 1927–1928;
1327:Salonica front
1300:French Tunisia
1162:
1159:
1154:1 Armée Navale
1078:Escadre légère
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:16 April 1907
1046:
1045:30 March 1904
1043:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1005:
997:
996:
986:
983:
980:
977:
972:
964:
963:
960:
955:
950:
945:
942:
897:
894:
828:
825:
795:Hotchkiss guns
766:The cruisers'
749:superstructure
725:
722:
711:nautical miles
584:
581:
509:
506:
406:. Her sisters
376:built for the
361:
360:
359:
358:
352:
346:
343:
336:
330:
327:Waterline belt
322:
318:
317:
316:
315:
309:
303:
301:Hotchkiss guns
294:
288:
280:
276:
275:
271:734; 779 as a
269:
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
245:
241:
240:
234:
230:
229:
228:
227:
216:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
180:
176:
175:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:Jules Michelet
97:
93:
92:
84:
80:
79:
66:
62:
61:
60:-class cruiser
55:
51:
50:
49:Class overview
46:
45:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2641:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:Dupuy de Lôme
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2363:Enseigne Roux
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:Léon Gambetta
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2079:Dupuy de Lôme
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:Jauréguiberry
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1879:Followed by:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:Preceded by:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:Léon Gambetta
1840:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:Léon Gambetta
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1791:
1789:0-88254-979-0
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1770:0-87021-141-2
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1729:0-253-34379-8
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:Class to the
1648:
1643:
1639:
1637:0-8317-0302-4
1633:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:British Malta
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:Léon Gambetta
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1144:Agadir Crisis
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:Navy Minister
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:Léon Gambetta
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1063:Léon Gambetta
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:2 March 1903
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
993:
987:
985:21 July 1905
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:
969:Léon Gambetta
965:
959:
954:
949:
939:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
893:
891:
890:conning tower
886:
880:
878:
874:
869:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:Harvey armour
841:
838:
834:
833:Léon Gambetta
824:
822:
818:
814:
813:torpedo tubes
810:
809:Léon Gambetta
806:
804:
800:
796:
793:
789:
788:torpedo boats
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
735:
734:Léon Gambetta
731:
721:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:Léon Gambetta
676:
672:
668:
665:(20,200
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:Léon Gambetta
609:
607:
602:
594:
589:
580:
578:
577:Léon Gambetta
573:
561:
556:
550:
546:
545:capital ships
542:
537:
536:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
496:was sold for
495:
491:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Léon Gambetta
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:capital ships
442:
437:
435:
434:Léon Gambetta
431:
426:
421:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
391:
390:
389:Léon Gambetta
384:
379:
375:
371:
369:
368:Léon Gambetta
356:
355:Conning tower
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
310:
308:
307:torpedo tubes
304:
302:
299:
295:
293:
289:
287:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:
274:
270:
267:
266:
262:
258:
255:
254:
250:
246:
243:
242:
239:
235:
232:
231:
225:
222:(20,226
221:
217:
215:
211:
210:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
146:
142:
139:
138:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
118:
116:In commission
115:
114:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
98:
95:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
81:
78:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:Léon Gambetta
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:Léon Gambetta
38:
33:
30:
19:
2570:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2495:Gustave Zédé
2494:
2487:
2481:Charles Brun
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2265:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2149:Edgar Quinet
2148:
2142:Ernest Renan
2141:
2134:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2100:Jeanne d'Arc
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2058:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1881:
1872:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1828:
1827:
1779:
1760:
1738:
1719:
1697:
1675:
1658:
1654:
1651:Edgar Quinet
1650:
1646:
1625:
1616:Bibliography
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1352:
1344:
1342:in reserve.
1339:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1312:
1275:
1271:
1257:
1246:
1232:
1228:
1214:
1204:
1164:
1141:
1117:fleet review
1108:
1090:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1031:
1018:1 June 1907
1001:
991:
968:
958:Commissioned
921:
913:
899:
881:
865:
832:
830:
820:
808:
807:
798:
765:
733:
730:main battery
727:
694:
686:
678:
670:
652:
631:
615:
611:
605:
600:
598:
576:
572:Statut Naval
530:
511:
501:
500:in 1928 and
493:
481:
472:
468:
460:
459:until 1917.
457:Adriatic Sea
438:
433:
429:
414:
408:
394:sister ships
388:
367:
366:
364:
296:24 × single
236:3 shafts; 3
218:27,500
166:12,550
163:Displacement
100:
87:
57:
41:
29:
2011:Charlemagne
1947:battleships
1944:Dreadnought
1857:Victor Hugo
1850:Jules Ferry
1375:Victor Hugo
1371:Jules Ferry
1363:Jules Ferry
1353:Victor Hugo
1340:Victor Hugo
1336:Jules Ferry
1332:Victor Hugo
1319:Jules Ferry
1284:Ionian Seas
1261:signed the
1229:Jules Ferry
1217:cargo ships
1161:World War I
1109:Victor Hugo
1083:Victor Hugo
1073:Jules Ferry
1032:Victor Hugo
1002:Jules Ferry
922:Victor Hugo
918:Fitting out
840:armour belt
821:Victor Hugo
817:naval mines
799:Victor Hugo
797:, although
745:gun turrets
695:Victor Hugo
687:Jules Ferry
671:Jules Ferry
640:metric tons
632:Victor Hugo
616:Jules Ferry
555:Jeune École
535:Jeune École
522:Niger River
502:Victor Hugo
494:Jules Ferry
473:Victor Hugo
469:Jules Ferry
441:World War I
430:Jules Ferry
415:Victor Hugo
409:Jules Ferry
378:French Navy
340:gun turrets
313:naval mines
259:7,500
83:Preceded by
77:French Navy
2613:Categories
2502:Amphitrite
2402:Submarines
2384:Aventurier
2300:Pertuisane
2277:Destroyers
2025:République
1381:References
1288:Alexandria
1280:Cephalonia
1270:that day.
1188:Montenegro
1148:Royal Navy
1142:After the
1127:, and the
868:mild steel
827:Protection
707:sea trials
689:had Guyot-
508:Background
268:Complement
233:Propulsion
2599:Cancelled
2460:Archimède
2425:Argonaute
2335:Voltigeur
2321:Branlebas
2307:Arquebuse
2239:D'Estrées
2204:Descartes
1970:Normandie
1667:0043-0374
1367:Navy List
1247:Jean Bart
1203:SMS
1021:Sold for
948:Laid down
924:from the
914:La Royale
902:statesmen
885:barbettes
848:amidships
837:waterline
805:instead.
801:used the
780:casemates
776:broadside
757:elevation
644:long tons
622:, with a
465:submarine
349:Casemates
311:10 or 20
284:2 × twin
212:20 or 28
172:long tons
124:Completed
119:1905–1928
111:1901–1907
65:Operators
2537:Lagrange
2488:Clorinde
2467:Mariotte
2453:Brumaire
2446:Pluviôse
2432:Émeraude
2418:Aigrette
2349:Bouclier
2342:Chasseur
2314:Claymore
2286:Durandal
2059:Henri IV
1963:Bretagne
1718:(2004).
1696:(2011).
1653:Class".
1196:Albanian
1184:Antivari
1071:) while
990:SM
988:Sunk by
953:Launched
944:Builder
877:bulkhead
819:, while
724:Armament
673:) or 28
648:flagship
642:(12,352
636:displace
601:Gambetta
541:blockade
490:Far East
449:blockade
428:) where
404:flagship
279:Armament
273:flagship
170:(12,352
140:Scrapped
2551:O'Byrne
2530:Joessel
2509:Bellone
2225:Guichen
2211:D'Assas
2114:Dupleix
2107:Gueydon
2093:Pothuau
2032:Liberté
2018:Suffren
1956:Courbet
1647:Gueydon
1296:Bizerte
1225:Lastovo
1221:covered
1192:Cattaro
1113:reserve
1025:, 1928
928:to the
782:in the
738:caliber
732:of the
718:dynamos
638:12,550
620:overall
579:class.
567:
477:reserve
455:in the
451:of the
439:During
2571:Foudre
2544:Armide
2411:Sirène
2356:Bisson
2293:Framée
2197:Linois
2190:Friant
2183:Troude
2176:Forbin
2121:Gloire
2039:Danton
2004:Bouvet
1873:Gloire
1786:
1767:
1745:
1726:
1704:
1682:
1665:
1634:
1302:, and
1239:U-boat
1179:Allied
1137:Toulon
1135:, off
1099:Canada
1095:Quebec
860:strake
761:rounds
715:ampere
608:-class
606:Gloire
549:sortie
179:Length
88:Gloire
74:
2523:Diane
2439:Circé
2391:Arabe
2328:Spahi
1875:class
1308:Crete
1292:Egypt
1259:Italy
1253:Corfu
1205:Zenta
1165:When
1023:scrap
962:Fate
941:Name
896:Ships
856:stern
703:knots
681:used
628:draft
518:Sudan
498:scrap
370:class
338:Main
321:Armor
256:Range
249:knots
244:Speed
199:Draft
108:Built
90:class
1977:Lyon
1784:ISBN
1765:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1663:ISSN
1659:LVII
1632:ISBN
831:The
784:hull
728:The
693:and
624:beam
614:and
599:The
595:1923
565:lit.
412:and
365:The
333:Deck
191:Beam
153:Type
132:Lost
54:Name
2377:M89
1351:).
1276:U-5
1234:U-5
1119:by
992:U-5
852:bow
842:of
261:nmi
247:22
184:o/a
2615::
1657:.
1526:^
1433:^
1310:.
1298:,
1294:,
1290:,
1255:.
1186:,
1131:,
1123:,
720:.
685:,
667:kW
650:.
562:,
224:kW
220:PS
2596:X
2590:C
2584:S
1930:e
1923:t
1916:v
1820:e
1813:t
1806:v
1792:.
1773:.
1751:.
1732:.
1710:.
1688:.
1669:.
1640:.
1151:(
422:(
380:(
226:)
186:)
174:)
168:t
143:2
135:1
127:3
20:)
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