170:
579:
3315:
32:
727:
670:
354:
73:
417:
88:
106:
1287:
60:
467:
169:
834:
949:
795:(One-on-High), etc. He is considered to reside in Heaven with his family and when he wishes to punish mankind for immoral acts, he falls asleep and thus leaves man vulnerable to unsuccessful hunting and other ills. Koryak
1667:
3729:
617:
made of reindeer skin. They still use the boots and caps. The women wore the same as the men, but with a longer shirt reaching to the calves. Today, women often wear a head cloth and
640:. The framework was covered in many reindeer skins. Few families still use the yaranga as dwellings, but some use them for trips to the tundra. The centre of the yaranga had a
1383:
3314:
2791:
1574:
578:
2950:
875:. Today the Koryak are the largest minority group with 8,743 people. The krai's population is now majority ethnic Russian, descendants of the Cossack colonizers.
3496:
2945:
3149:
1662:
867:
are +12 °C (54 °F). The area they covered before
Russian colonization was 301,500 km (116,400 sq mi), roughly corresponding to the
859:. The northern regions inland are much colder, where only various shrubs grow, but these are enough to sustain reindeer migration. The mean temperature in
1681:
1426:
209:
3754:
1880:
1676:
746:
more often than reindeer. Most inter-village transport is by air or boat, although tracked vehicles are used for travel to neighboring villages.
2454:
3734:
3408:
1443:
1396:
1307:
481:. The nominal chief had no predominating authority, and the groups relied on consensus to make decisions, resembling common small group
1869:
1302:
738:
to get around, cutting off their antlers to prevent injuries. They also fitted a team of reindeer with harnesses and attached them to
3142:
929:
492:, their main source of food. They also used all the parts of its body to make sewing materials and clothing, tools and weapons. The
246:
on the
Kamchatka Peninsula. All of these peoples and other, unrelated minorities in and around Kamchatka are known collectively as
3724:
3607:
3478:
424:
The Koryak once occupied a much larger area of the
Russian Far East. Their overlapping borders extended to the Nivkh areas in
3506:
3501:
1419:
1247:
1219:
1174:
1146:
3632:
3602:
3135:
3719:
2380:
3749:
3468:
1196:
3709:
1348:
1272:
713:
691:
575:. They sell some reindeer each year for money, but can build up their herds due to the large population of reindeer.
684:
3704:
3642:
1412:
3331:
3300:
239:
454:
was formed in 1931 and named after the Koryak people. Based on a local referendum in 2005, this was merged with
3413:
2670:
173:
Settlement of
Koryaks in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in %, 2010 census
3420:
3007:
2740:
2133:
2061:
324:
236:
3714:
3488:
3463:
2696:
3446:
3403:
3363:
3339:
3246:
2980:
753:, which they used in winter (and still do) when the snow is deep. Snowshoes are made by lashing reindeer
161:
1055:
3344:
3251:
3236:
1327:
Tent Life in
Siberia: And Adventures Among the Koraks and Other Tribes in Kamtchatka and Northern Asia
3241:
2882:
2735:
951:
State statistics committee of
Ukraine - National composition of population, 2001 census] (Ukrainian)
3045:
2710:
1690:
678:
440:
3739:
3622:
3432:
3231:
2765:
1435:
451:
288:) meaning 'village dwellers', due to their living in villages. Their lifestyle is based on local
805:(Big-Raven), who was created by the Supreme Being as the first man and protector of the Koryak.
189:
3744:
3541:
3272:
3212:
2526:
2362:
925:
695:
404:
from North
America during this time. Cultural and some linguistic similarity exist between the
2818:
2531:
2502:
2439:
966:
31:
3483:
3425:
3381:
3277:
3158:
2965:
2576:
1767:
884:
8:
3171:
2833:
2823:
2810:
2628:
2521:
2507:
905:
394:
266:
197:
3577:
3398:
3368:
3282:
3175:
3116:
3040:
2985:
2877:
2804:
2720:
2204:
1390:
1358:
Religion and Myths of the Koryak
Material Culture and Social Organization of the Koryak
1353:
1113:
806:
726:
389:. Scientists have suggested that people traveled back and forth between this area and
3663:
3473:
2751:
2745:
2725:
2681:
2492:
2211:
1344:
1325:
1268:
1243:
1215:
1170:
1142:
143:
768:
Children learned to ride a reindeer, sleigh, and use snowshoes at a very young age.
327:. The earliest references to the name 'Koryak' were recorded in the writings of the
3436:
3353:
2970:
2828:
2772:
2556:
2429:
2257:
2023:
1830:
1105:
378:
334:
232:
193:
181:
126:
544:
played a major part in the diet, as reindeer flesh did not contain some necessary
231:(which is often regarded as a dialect of Koryak), are linguistically close to the
3441:
3111:
3060:
3035:
2955:
2911:
2859:
2785:
2393:
2340:
2312:
2305:
2284:
2234:
2170:
2008:
1993:
1774:
1237:
1209:
1164:
1136:
1109:
961:
855:
trees lie near the southern regions along the coast of the
Shelekhova Bay of the
771:
The other Koryak were skilled seafarers hunting whales and other marine mammals.
606:
533:
470:
425:
228:
224:
130:
3637:
2036:
1058:, Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic
353:
3668:
3526:
3183:
3025:
3015:
2715:
2675:
2641:
2610:
2603:
2541:
2467:
2444:
2298:
2263:
2013:
1893:
1781:
1569:
1543:
1538:
872:
856:
841:
837:
810:
765:
bark or willow hoop. The sinew straps are used to attach the shoe to the foot.
482:
455:
362:
201:
78:
3698:
3536:
3531:
3292:
3267:
3167:
3050:
3001:
2887:
2848:
2843:
2799:
2688:
2623:
2618:
2596:
2571:
2551:
2434:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2291:
2197:
2190:
2176:
1998:
1979:
1974:
1961:
1851:
1844:
1719:
1610:
1579:
1298:
1293:
758:
553:
386:
374:
926:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
3597:
3592:
3587:
3386:
3376:
3349:
3323:
3187:
3101:
2838:
2424:
2347:
2277:
2247:
2118:
2103:
2098:
2088:
1969:
1913:
1817:
1804:
1739:
1651:
1646:
1632:
1481:
868:
814:
478:
447:
405:
381:. It is possible that migratory peoples crossed the modern-day Koryak land
292:
and marine mammal hunting. The inland Koryak, reindeer herders, are called
213:
93:
1404:
443:
reduced the Koryak population from 10 to 11,000 in 1700 to 4,800 in 1800.
3673:
3647:
3199:
3191:
3179:
3091:
3081:
3020:
2937:
2759:
2655:
2513:
2354:
2270:
2183:
2123:
2108:
2003:
1746:
1656:
1548:
1453:
743:
590:
572:
505:
390:
3730:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
1031:, Leningrad: Tsentral'nyi istoricheskii arkhiv. Leningradskoe otdelenie.
397:
receded. They theorize that the ancestors of the Koryak had returned to
3683:
3678:
3617:
3546:
3456:
3391:
3127:
2960:
2893:
2867:
2853:
2648:
2546:
2487:
2157:
2113:
1933:
1923:
1638:
1584:
822:
636:
of the
American Plains Indians, but less vertical, while some lived in
416:
247:
205:
1117:
3627:
3567:
3096:
2926:
2901:
2780:
2634:
2497:
2462:
2146:
2031:
1985:
1837:
1733:
1725:
1599:
1594:
1494:
1466:
818:
796:
750:
742:
to transport goods and people when moving camp. Today the Koryak use
148:
1093:
779:
Koryaks believe in a Supreme Being whom they call by various names:
3612:
3582:
3551:
3223:
3203:
3195:
3106:
2921:
2730:
2536:
2416:
2409:
2141:
2093:
2075:
2046:
1948:
1918:
1760:
1754:
1698:
1554:
1524:
1514:
1487:
1473:
1459:
889:
848:
735:
653:
598:
586:
489:
436:
433:
366:
328:
320:
243:
220:
1292:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
307:
According to the 2010 census, there were 7,953 Koryaks in Russia.
3451:
3076:
3055:
2975:
2916:
2872:
2398:
2373:
2367:
2242:
2224:
2219:
2051:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1812:
1704:
1617:
1589:
1519:
1509:
1501:
852:
549:
545:
537:
497:
398:
370:
331:
289:
277:
262:
111:
466:
3030:
2931:
2906:
2566:
2561:
2403:
2388:
2069:
1938:
1928:
1888:
1859:
1822:
1798:
1790:
1711:
1627:
1604:
1561:
1332:; "Über die Koriaken u. ihnen nähe verwandten Tchouktchen," in
1056:"Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North, Siberia and Far East"
895:
864:
860:
641:
568:
557:
529:
525:
521:
477:
Families usually gathered into groups of six or seven, forming
345:
in official state documents, hence popularizing it ever since.
342:
316:
270:
258:
65:
1389:
1211:
Living with Koryak Traditions: Playing with Culture in Siberia
1039:
1037:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
3358:
2702:
2662:
2590:
2582:
2252:
2165:
2151:
2083:
2041:
1954:
1530:
900:
801:
762:
754:
645:
637:
618:
602:
594:
564:
517:
513:
501:
429:
301:
254:
632:
or yaranga (from the more famous Chukchi term) similar to a
3572:
3086:
1034:
981:
739:
633:
622:
610:
593:, but nowadays men and women often have replaced that with
541:
509:
493:
401:
338:
1011:
1009:
1007:
656:
to store the families' food, clothing and personal items.
1378:
1166:
Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Russia and Eurasia, China
833:
649:
614:
1138:
Crossroads Alaska: Native Cultures of Alaska and Siberia
488:
The lives of the people in the interior revolved around
1004:
432:
arrived, and pushed them into their present region. A
304:, following the herds as they graze with the seasons.
1061:
652:
are placed to the east in the chum. They used small
563:
Today, the Koryaks also buy processed food, such as
473:
traditionally worn by the Koryak people (circa 1900)
276:
The Koryak are typically split into two groups. The
1141:. Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History.
821:, and other natives of the Pacific Northwest Coast
1267:: Koriaks. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc.
1265:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
1239:The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
1169:. Vol. 6. Boston, Massachusetts: G.K. Hall.
3696:
1162:
1073:
1043:
851:and volcanic, covered in mostly Arctic tundra.
628:The Koryak lived in domed shaped tents, called
273:to the east, and the Chukchi to the northeast.
208:. The cultural borders of the Koryaks include
3143:
1420:
1029:Kolonial'naia politika tsarizzna na Kamchatke
300:), meaning 'rich in reindeer'. They are more
1379:Koryaks.net: Website about the Koryak people
1311:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
235:. All of these languages are members of the
1434:
1134:
998:
863:is −13 °C (9 °F) while the short
3150:
3136:
1427:
1413:
1214:. Lincoln, Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press.
809:are also found in Southeast Alaska in the
219:The Koryaks are culturally similar to the
30:
1190:
1091:
1067:
714:Learn how and when to remove this message
341:in 1695. The variant name was adopted by
242:. They are more distantly related to the
3157:
1297:
1163:Friedrich, Paul; Diamond, Norma (1994).
1027:Al'kor, Ia P., and A. K. Dranen. (1935)
871:, of which the administrative centre is
832:
725:
677:This section includes a list of general
577:
465:
415:
352:
168:
36:Koryak ceremony of starting the New Fire
3755:Politics of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug
16:Ethnic group of far northeastern Russia
3697:
1323:
3131:
1408:
1278:
1235:
1015:
644:, which has been replaced by an iron
361:The origin of the Koryak is unknown.
253:Neighbors of the Koryaks include the
1207:
1079:
663:
196:, who live immediately north of the
52:Regions with significant populations
1049:
799:centers on the supernatural shaman
13:
3735:History of the Kamchatka Peninsula
1316:
1242:. Tallinn, Estonia: NGO Red Book.
1201:The Jesup North Pacific Expedition
1197:American Museum of Natural History
683:it lacks sufficient corresponding
337:, who conquered Kamchatka for the
223:of extreme northeast Siberia. The
204:and inhabit the coastlands of the
14:
3766:
1372:
659:
556:, needed to survive in the harsh
3313:
1285:
930:Federal State Statistics Service
668:
420:Koryak shaman woman (circa 1900)
357:The Koryak in Russian Federation
319:word 'Korak', meaning 'with the
104:
86:
71:
58:
3469:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
3261:Independent Churches/Communions
1085:
3493:Moscow–Constantinople schisms
1575:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
1365:The Magic Rope Koryak Folktale
1334:But. Acad. Sc. St. Petersburg,
1128:
1021:
954:
943:
918:
828:
1:
3725:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
1343:. New York: AMS Press, 1975.
1135:Chaussonnet, Valérie (1995).
1094:"The Mythology of the Koryak"
911:
840:, a majority Koryak town in
791:(Master-of-the-Upper-World),
621:, but wear the reindeer skin
512:were drunk or eaten raw. The
441:warfare with Russian Cossacks
315:The name Koryak was from the
144:Russian Orthodox Christianity
3643:Essence–energies distinction
3464:Christianization of Bulgaria
1191:Jochelson, Waldemar (1908).
1110:10.1525/aa.1904.6.4.02a00010
1092:Jochelson, Waldemar (1904).
1044:Friedrich & Diamond 1994
528:were considered delicacies.
325:Chukotko-Kamchatkan language
310:
7:
3447:Antiochian Greek Christians
3345:Christianization of Georgia
3340:Christianization of Armenia
3247:Assyrian Church of the East
1367:. Kyoto, Japan: ELPR, 2003.
1208:King, Alexander D. (2011).
878:
774:
162:Chukotko-Kamchatkan peoples
10:
3771:
3720:People from Kamchatka Krai
3497:15th–16th centuries schism
3421:Oriental Orthodox Churches
3252:Ancient Church of the East
3237:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1354:Jochelson, Vladimir Il'ich
461:
411:
3750:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
3656:
3560:
3519:
3330:
3311:
3291:
3260:
3242:Eastern Catholic Churches
3222:
3211:
3165:
3069:
2994:
2480:
2453:
2233:
2132:
2060:
2022:
1879:
1868:
1442:
589:was made out of reindeer
348:
323:(kor)' in a nearby group
185:
159:
154:
141:
136:
125:
120:
102:
56:
51:
46:
41:
29:
3710:Ethnic groups in Siberia
1263:Gall, Timothy L. (1998)
3705:Ethnic groups in Russia
3479:Eastern Orthodox Church
3433:Saint Thomas Christians
3232:Eastern Orthodox Church
1436:Ethnic groups in Russia
1397:Encyclopædia Britannica
1324:Kennan, George (1871).
1308:Encyclopædia Britannica
1098:American Anthropologist
813:culture, and among the
734:The inland Koryak rode
730:Koryak reindeer herders
698:more precise citations.
458:effective 1 July 2007.
452:Koryak Autonomous Okrug
365:have speculated that a
3278:True Orthodox churches
3273:Spiritual Christianity
1400:(11th ed.). 1911.
1236:Kolga, Margus (2001).
1203:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1199:, vol. 10, parts 1–2:
844:
731:
583:
474:
421:
358:
174:
3301:Eastern Protestantism
3174:that developed since
1363:Nagayama, Yukari ed.
1339:Jochelson, Waldemar.
967:Minority Rights Group
836:
757:and hide strips to a
729:
597:. The men wore baggy
581:
469:
419:
356:
261:to the south (on the
212:in the south and the
172:
155:Related ethnic groups
3426:Council of Chalcedon
3172:Christian traditions
3159:Eastern Christianity
2995:Unrecognized peoples
2481:Other ethnic peoples
1768:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
885:Haplogroup G (mtDNA)
605:, which often had a
216:basin in the north.
3715:Kamchatka Peninsula
3202:, and parts of the
3070:Assimilated peoples
1663:Meadow-Eastern Mari
1384:Transgender shamans
1360:. New York: , 1908.
1018:, pp. 230–234.
906:Olyutorsky District
582:Koryak women's coat
267:Kamchatka Peninsula
237:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
198:Kamchatka Peninsula
98:7,485 (2021 census)
26:
3399:Church of the East
3369:Ecumenical council
3320:Christ Pantocrator
3176:Early Christianity
3117:Siberian Bukharans
2253:Aukhovite Chechens
2205:Siberian Bukharans
1531:Aukhovite Chechens
1279:General references
892:(Koryak sub group)
845:
789:ɣət͡ɕɣoletənvəlʔən
783:(Universe/World),
732:
584:
475:
422:
359:
280:people are called
175:
24:
3692:
3691:
3664:Sign of the cross
3474:Turkic Christians
3309:
3308:
3125:
3124:
2754:
2752:Astrakhan Kazakhs
2476:
2475:
2212:Zabolotnie Tatars
1691:Northwestern Mari
1249:978-9985-9369-2-4
1221:978-0-8032-3601-1
1195:, Memoirs of the
1176:978-0-8161-1810-6
1148:978-1-56098-661-4
847:Koryak lands are
724:
723:
716:
625:in cold weather.
496:was mostly eaten
439:in 1769–1770 and
377:continent during
257:to the west, the
190:Indigenous people
167:
166:
3762:
3484:East–West Schism
3437:Malankara Church
3354:Byzantine Empire
3322:(circa 1261) in
3317:
3220:
3219:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3041:Crimean Italians
3010:
2940:
2896:
2862:
2829:Meskhetian Turks
2813:
2794:
2775:
2773:Sakhalin Koreans
2768:
2750:
2705:
2691:
2684:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2585:
2557:Crimean Karaites
2516:
2419:
2412:
2383:
2376:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2160:
2078:
1988:
1964:
1957:
1877:
1876:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1831:Astrakhan Tatars
1826:
1807:
1793:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1749:
1742:
1728:
1714:
1707:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1641:
1620:
1613:
1564:
1557:
1533:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1331:
1312:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1204:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1122:
1121:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1002:
1001:, p. 28-29.
999:Chaussonnet 1995
996:
979:
978:
976:
974:
958:
952:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
922:
719:
712:
708:
705:
699:
694:this section by
685:inline citations
672:
671:
664:
648:. Reindeer hide
613:and traditional
609:attached to it,
408:and the Koryak.
379:Late Pleistocene
335:Vladimir Atlasov
233:Chukchi language
194:Russian Far East
187:
116:69 (2001 census)
110:
108:
107:
92:
90:
89:
77:
75:
74:
64:
62:
61:
42:Total population
34:
27:
23:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3652:
3583:Filioque clause
3556:
3515:
3442:Arab Christians
3364:Proto-orthodoxy
3326:
3318:
3305:
3287:
3256:
3214:
3207:
3161:
3156:
3126:
3121:
3065:
3036:Caucasus Greeks
3008:Afro-Abkhazians
3006:
2990:
2936:
2892:
2860:Kola Norwegians
2858:
2809:
2790:
2771:
2764:
2701:
2687:
2680:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2581:
2512:
2472:
2449:
2415:
2408:
2379:
2372:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2229:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2171:Siberian Tatars
2156:
2128:
2074:
2056:
2018:
1984:
1960:
1953:
1871:
1864:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1803:
1789:
1780:
1775:Baikal Cossacks
1773:
1766:
1759:
1745:
1738:
1724:
1710:
1703:
1689:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1661:
1637:
1616:
1609:
1560:
1553:
1529:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1391:"Koryaks"
1388:
1375:
1370:
1356:, and F. Boas.
1319:
1317:Further reading
1301:, ed. (1911). "
1286:
1284:
1281:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1005:
997:
982:
972:
970:
960:
959:
955:
948:
944:
934:
932:
924:
923:
919:
914:
881:
831:
807:Big Raven myths
777:
749:They developed
720:
709:
703:
700:
690:Please help to
689:
673:
669:
662:
534:freshwater fish
471:Lamellar armour
464:
426:Khabarovsk Krai
414:
363:Anthropologists
351:
313:
240:language family
225:Koryak language
146:
105:
103:
87:
85:
72:
70:
59:
57:
37:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3768:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:Kamchatka Krai
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3669:Divine Liturgy
3666:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3491:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3184:Eastern Europe
3166:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Astrakhan Jews
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:Siberian Finns
2607:
2604:Murmansk Finns
2600:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2468:Tver Karelians
2465:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:Kuban Cossacks
1778:
1771:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1673:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Crimean Tatars
1567:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1373:External links
1371:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1351:
1337:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1299:Chisholm, Hugh
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1248:
1233:
1220:
1205:
1188:
1175:
1160:
1147:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1104:(4): 413–425.
1084:
1072:
1068:Jochelson 1908
1060:
1048:
1033:
1020:
1003:
980:
953:
942:
916:
915:
913:
910:
909:
908:
903:
901:Apuka District
898:
893:
887:
880:
877:
857:Sea of Okhotsk
842:Kamchatka Krai
830:
827:
787:(Supervisor),
776:
773:
722:
721:
676:
674:
667:
661:
660:Transportation
658:
483:egalitarianism
463:
460:
456:Kamchatka Krai
413:
410:
375:North American
369:connected the
350:
347:
312:
309:
202:Kamchatka Krai
165:
164:
157:
156:
152:
151:
142:Predominantly
139:
138:
134:
133:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
100:
99:
96:
83:
82:
54:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3767:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Modern nomads
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:New Testament
3535:
3533:
3532:Old Testament
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3293:Protestantism
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Old Believers
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:Cultural area
3164:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Pontic Greeks
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Mountain Jews
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:North Koreans
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2689:Volga Germans
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Georgian Jews
2669:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:Ingrian Finns
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Bukharan Jews
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:Kalmak Tatars
2195:
2192:
2191:Eushta Tatars
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2177:Baraba Tatars
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:Mishar Tatars
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1677:Mountain Mari
1674:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
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3588:Miaphysitism
3578:Apophaticism
3542:Deuterocanon
3387:Paulicianism
3377:Nestorianism
3350:Roman Empire
3324:Hagia Sophia
3319:
2839:Montenegrins
2527:Azerbaijanis
2363:Azerbaijanis
1943:
1818:Volga Tatars
1805:Tozhu Tuvans
1647:Komi-Permyak
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3674:Iconography
3648:Metousiosis
3507:2018 schism
3502:1996 schism
3200:South India
3192:East Africa
3180:Middle East
3021:Armeno-Tats
2938:Ural Swedes
2824:Macedonians
2819:Lithuanians
2656:Mingrelians
2532:Belarusians
2514:Cherkesogai
2184:Chat Tatars
1680: [
1666: [
1129:Works cited
829:Environment
823:Amerindians
793:ɣət͡ɕɣolʔən
785:ineɣitelʔən
744:snowmobiles
696:introducing
601:and a hide
573:canned fish
536:as well as
393:before the
391:Haida Gwaii
367:land bridge
3699:Categories
3684:Omophorion
3679:Asceticism
3633:Hypostasis
3618:Philokalia
3547:Septuagint
3520:Scriptures
3457:Ghassanids
3392:Bogomilism
3382:Iconoclasm
3283:Tolstoyans
3224:Communions
3196:Asia Minor
2981:Vietnamese
2966:Ukrainians
2894:Ruska Roma
2868:Pakistanis
2854:Norwegians
2811:Latgalians
2721:Hungarians
2682:Mennonites
2547:Bulgarians
2430:Tabasarans
1924:Kamchadals
1870:Indigenous
1639:Izhma Komi
1585:Kabardians
1341:The Koryak
1193:The Koryak
1016:Kolga 2001
973:21 January
912:References
853:Coniferous
679:references
532:and other
446:Under the
428:until the
298:Chauchuven
248:Kamchadals
206:Bering Sea
3628:Theotokos
3568:Hesychasm
3373:Heresies
3215:divisions
3112:Pumpokols
2927:Spaniards
2902:Romanians
2834:Moldovans
2781:Krymchaks
2716:Hamshenis
2635:Adjarians
2629:Georgians
2577:Estonians
2522:Assyrians
2508:Armenians
2498:Americans
2463:Besermyan
2381:Kubachins
2306:Chamalals
2285:Bagvalals
2147:Kumandins
2076:Hamnigans
2032:Izhorians
2024:Northwest
1994:Nganasans
1986:Khandeyar
1881:Far North
1852:Nağaybäks
1838:Kryashens
1734:Ossetians
1726:Khandeyar
1600:Karelians
1595:Karachays
1495:Telengits
1467:Natukhajs
1330:. Putnam.
1255:7 October
1227:7 October
1182:7 October
1154:7 October
1080:King 2011
962:"Chukchi"
935:31 August
849:mountains
819:Tsimshian
797:mythology
751:snowshoes
654:cupboards
311:Etymology
188:) are an
149:Shamanism
121:Languages
79:Kamchatka
3613:Phronema
3561:Theology
3552:Peshitta
3204:Far East
3107:Meschera
3061:Sireniki
3002:Africans
2951:Turkmens
2922:Slovenes
2878:Persians
2805:Latvians
2736:Japanese
2731:Italians
2537:Bosniaks
2445:Tsakhurs
2417:Karagash
2410:Ak Nogai
2341:Khwarshi
2313:Godoberi
2299:Botlikhs
2264:Akhvakhs
2235:Dagestan
2225:Tofalars
2142:Kamasins
2094:Negidals
2062:Far East
2047:Vepsians
2009:Yukaghir
1949:Alyutors
1919:Itelmens
1894:Chukchis
1761:Cossacks
1755:Russians
1699:Mordvins
1555:Besleney
1549:Cherkess
1525:Chechens
1515:Bashkirs
1502:Tubalars
1488:Chelkans
1482:Altaians
1474:Shapsugs
1460:Bzhedugs
1336:xii. 99.
890:Alyutors
879:See also
781:ŋajŋənen
775:Religion
761:-shaped
736:reindeer
704:May 2013
630:jajanga,
587:Clothing
550:minerals
546:vitamins
500:and the
490:reindeer
437:epidemic
434:smallpox
399:Siberian
383:en route
371:Eurasian
321:reindeer
244:Itelmens
221:Chukchis
137:Religion
94:Koryakia
3657:Worship
3608:Theoria
3603:Theosis
3452:Melkite
3414:Mongols
3332:History
3178:in the
3077:Agrzhan
3056:Qaratay
3046:Korlaks
2986:Yazidis
2976:Uyghurs
2917:Slovaks
2873:Pamiris
2792:Kurmanj
2760:Koreans
2746:Kazakhs
2726:Indians
2676:Germans
2642:Ingiloy
2572:Dungans
2542:Britons
2493:Afghans
2399:Lezgins
2374:Kaitags
2368:Dargins
2334:Karatas
2327:Hunzibs
2320:Hinukhs
2292:Bezhtas
2243:Abazins
2220:Teleuts
2134:Siberia
2052:Votians
1999:Selkups
1944:Koryaks
1909:Dolgans
1904:Chuvans
1899:Chulyms
1872:peoples
1813:Udmurts
1705:Mokshas
1618:Abugach
1611:Koibals
1590:Kalmyks
1544:Chuvash
1539:Chukchi
1520:Buryats
1510:Balkars
1444:Titular
1303:Koryaks
1296::
865:summers
811:Tlingit
692:improve
538:berries
522:kidneys
498:roasted
462:Culture
412:History
395:ice age
332:cossack
329:Russian
302:nomadic
290:fishing
286:Nymylan
282:Nemelan
278:coastal
269:), the
263:isthmus
210:Tigilsk
192:of the
182:Russian
178:Koryaks
127:Russian
112:Ukraine
25:Koryaks
3623:Praxis
3489:Raskol
3097:Muroma
3031:Buzava
2971:Uzbeks
2946:Tajiks
2932:Swedes
2907:Rusyns
2800:Kyrgyz
2697:Greeks
2624:Gagauz
2619:French
2567:Czechs
2562:Cubans
2488:Abkhaz
2435:Talysh
2425:Rutuls
2404:Nogais
2389:Kumyks
2348:Tindis
2278:Archis
2248:Aghuls
2166:Soyots
2104:Orochs
2099:Nivkhs
2070:Evenks
2014:Yupiks
1980:Nenets
1975:Naukan
1962:Karaga
1939:Khanty
1929:Kereks
1889:Aleuts
1860:Yakuts
1823:Tatars
1799:Tuvans
1791:Pomors
1740:Digors
1720:Nenets
1712:Erzyas
1628:Khanty
1605:Khakas
1580:Ingush
1562:Ademey
1454:Adyghe
1347:
1290:
1271:
1246:
1218:
1173:
1145:
1118:659272
1116:
896:Anapel
873:Palana
861:winter
838:Palana
802:Quikil
681:, but
642:hearth
571:, and
569:cereal
558:tundra
552:, nor
530:Salmon
526:tongue
524:, and
508:, and
506:marrow
450:, the
349:Origin
343:Russia
317:exonym
294:Chaucu
259:Alutor
229:Alutor
214:Anadyr
186:коряки
160:other
131:Koryak
109:
91:
76:
66:Russia
63:
3638:Ousia
3527:Canon
3409:India
3404:China
3359:Copts
3213:Main
3188:North
3102:Merya
3092:Kotts
3082:Asans
3016:Ainus
2956:Turks
2912:Serbs
2883:Poles
2849:Mugat
2786:Kurds
2703:Urums
2663:Svans
2591:Finns
2583:Setos
2503:Arabs
2455:Other
2271:Andis
2258:Avars
2152:Shors
2124:Ulchs
2119:Udege
2109:Oroks
2089:Nanai
2084:Evens
2042:Setos
2004:Yughs
1970:Mansi
1955:Apuka
1914:Enets
1747:Irons
1684:]
1670:]
1652:Mansi
1114:JSTOR
815:Haida
763:birch
755:sinew
740:sleds
646:stove
638:yurts
619:skirt
611:boots
603:shirt
599:pants
595:cloth
591:hides
565:bread
542:roots
518:heart
514:liver
502:blood
479:bands
430:Evens
406:Nivkh
271:Kerek
255:Evens
147:also
47:7,554
3573:Icon
3190:and
3087:Chud
2961:Udis
2888:Roma
2741:Jews
2440:Tats
2394:Laks
2355:Tsez
2037:Sámi
1934:Kets
1821:(as
1657:Mari
1633:Komi
1345:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1257:2020
1244:ISBN
1229:2020
1216:ISBN
1184:2020
1171:ISBN
1156:2020
1143:ISBN
975:2024
937:2024
650:beds
634:tipi
623:robe
615:caps
607:hood
548:and
540:and
510:milk
494:meat
402:Asia
373:and
339:Tsar
296:(or
284:(or
227:and
3170:of
2711:Han
2649:Laz
2158:Aba
2114:Taz
1305:".
1106:doi
385:to
265:of
200:in
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3186:,
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1682:ru
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