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as such, most Evens also wear a pouch on their coat to keep a pipe and tobacco in. The Evens' housing and clothes are unique from the indigenous groups around them, with the Evens wearing open coats and aprons, as well as living in somewhat small conical tents called churns, while indigenous groups such as the
Chukchi and the Koryak lived in a type of larger circular tent called a chorama-diu. These tents were usually made out of reindeer hides, although the Evens that lived by the sea used fish skins in addition to the hides. Since the Evens were and still are largely a nomadic people, everyone in the group shared with one another, and people were forbidden from hoarding meat from hunts, even if they were the one that had killed the game or were in the family of the hunter; this principle is called nimat. This principle also sometimes applied to smaller game such as birds and fish. Another aspect of nimat was that whenever two hunters were hunting together for animals who had pelts, the one who killed the animal got the meat and the other hunter received the skin of the animal. Even culture also includes folklore, which consists of stories and songs that usually feature ground animals, birds, and cliché ideas or stereotypes of people.
657:
reindeer as food sources and trade goods, while the Evens mainly used them as a mode of transportation. Reindeer herding in this area is believed to have begun around the start of the Common Era by the ancestors of the Evens. Around this time, the ancient Tungus people had come into contact with the
Mongols and Turks who introduced them to horses and horse breeding culture. The Tungus experimented with riding horses, but this failed because of the harsh climate of the Tundra. However, the saddles that they used for the horses also worked on reindeer, and a new method of transportation was born. While large scale reindeer breeding was commonplace in other parts of Siberia, it did not become a common practice where the Evens live in the north and east of Siberia until the 1600s-1700's, with the Evens not practicing it until the late 1800s into the 1900s. Because the Evens did not raise reindeer specifically for their skins and meat, they relied mostly on hunting small game such as reindeer they had not domesticated and other animals in the Tundra.
337:
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a nomadic lifestyle and moving from one place to another. All of these words come from the word "nulgä", which can be a measure of distance - in this case the distance one can travel in a single night - or it can also describe a group of reindeer herders. There are fourteen words in the Even language that describe very similar actions and people relating to herding and grazing, including daytime grazing and herdsmen, as well as reindeer drivers; reindeer are economically and culturally crucial to the Evens people.
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for them and standardizing and collectivizing reindeer herding which was their main occupation and lifestyle. The Soviet government seized and then redistributed all of the reindeer of the Evens people and mandated specific migration routes and dates that the Evens people had to abide by. The
Soviets created a
674:
The traditional clothing worn by the Evens people consists of a coat with an apron, as well as pants and boots; both genders wear the same type of clothing. Their clothing is usually made using reindeer hides and skins, as well as moose hair. Evens are known to be very enthusiastic about smoking, and
482:
The Even language has a multitude of words relating to their nomadic lifestyle and reindeer herding, and a good portion of words in the Even language have to do with actions relating to these things. For example, "oralchid'ak", "nulgän", "nulgänmäj", and "nulgädäj", are their words for the concept of
473:
in the languages spoken in eastern
Siberia, thus it is reasonable to assume that this is where the name Lamut originates. The name Even came from the Evens people themselves. The Evens had yet to distinguish themselves as a separate group from the Evenk even up until the 1800s. As such, Evenk culture
610:
The traditional lodgings of the Evens were conical tents which were covered with animal skins. In the southern coastal areas, fish skins were used. Settled Evens used a type of earth and log dugout. Sheds were erected near the dwellings in order to house stocks of frozen fish and meat. Their economy
619:
During the Soviet reign the government collectivized reindeer herding, which drastically changed the lives of the Evens and other indigenous groups in
Siberia. With the rise of Communism after 1917, the new government aimed to civilize the nomadic tribes of Siberia by constructing permanent housing
460:
The Evens people are part of the
Eastern Siberians that migrated out of central China around 10,000 years ago. They are located in extreme northeast Siberia, and they are somewhat isolated from the rest of the indigenous groups in Siberia, with the closest groups being the Yakuts and the Evenks who
665:
Hunting animals for their fur, squirrel in particular, became a large source of income after the indigenous groups of
Siberia came into contact with the Russians. The fur trade was extremely lucrative, and as such reindeer herding became less important to the economy of the Evens than it had been
656:
The economy of the Evens people, both historically and now, is largely based around reindeer herding and migration, as well as hunting. The Evens kept smaller herds of reindeer than other indigenous groups in eastern
Siberia, such as the Chukchi, Koryak, and the Yakut; these other groups used
593:
474:
and language heavily influenced that of the Evens. However, there are some key differences in language that made the two separate. In the Even language the last vowel and consonant of each word is dropped, while in the Evenk language the last vowel and consonant are spoken.
601:
In the 17th century, the people today known as the Eveni were divided into three main tribes: the
Okhotsk reindeer Tungus (Lamut), the Tiugesir, Memel' and Buiaksir clans as well as a sedentary group of Arman' speakers. Today, they are all known as Eveni.
666:
previously, however it is still the primary venture of the mainland Evens. While the Evens that lived further inland focused more on herding and the fur trade, the Evens that lived on
Okhotsk Sea relied heavily on fishing in order to sustain themselves.
447:. Traditional Even life is centered upon nomadic pastoralism of domesticated reindeer, supplemented with hunting, fishing and animal-trapping. Outside of Russia, there are 104 Evens in Ukraine, 19 of whom spoke Even. (Ukr. Cen. 2001)
1341:
3030:
772:
Wong, Emily H. M.; Khrunin, Andrey; Nichols, Larissa; Pushkarev, Dmitry; Khokhrin, Denis; Verbenko, Dmitry; Evgrafov, Oleg; Knowles, James; Novembre, John; Limborska, Svetlana; Valouev, Anton (January 2017).
469:
Before the beginning of the Soviet reign the Evens were referred to as the Lamut by other groups, originally coined by the Yakut people, a nearby Siberian indigenous group. The word Lamu refers to the
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1248:
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The settlement of the Evens in the Russian Federation for 2010 in % of the total number of this nation in the Russian Federation
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was supplemented by winter hunts to obtain wild game. Hunters sometimes rode reindeer, and sometimes moved along on wooden skis.
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930:
411:, there were 19,071 Evens in Russia. According to the 2010 census, there were 22,383 Evens in Russia. They speak their own
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1047:
580:
435:, having migrated with them from central China over 10,000 years ago. Officially, they have been considered to be of
122:
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60:
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1807:
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82:
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743:"About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001"
427:. It is also closely related to the language of their neighbors, the Evenks. The Evens are close to the
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547:
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Settlement of Evens in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census
89:
3020:
2809:
2556:
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990:
836:
218:
2719:
2384:
1364:
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71:
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1109:
507:
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Group of Even (Lamut) women with national costumes. Okhotsk okrug. Beginning of the 20th century.
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20:
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8:
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807:
774:
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925:. Smithsonian Libraries. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988.
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1504:
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292:
96:
875:
775:"Reconstructing genetic history of Siberian and Northeastern European populations"
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2014:
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1972:
1937:
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2007:
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1965:
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1518:
1393:
1284:
1253:
798:
416:
368:
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296:
715:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
2974:
2927:
2880:
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1951:
1921:
1792:
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2187:
2028:
1944:
1857:
1797:
1782:
1677:
1420:
1330:
1222:
1127:
645:
470:
3031:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
874:
Krivoshapkina and Prokopieva, Ekaterina and Svetlana (August 18, 2016).
2634:
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2541:
2527:
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1511:
1407:
1399:
1273:
1268:
1168:
1140:
444:
312:
903:(trans.), "The Formation of the Modern Peoples of the Soviet North"
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38:
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2801:
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2404:
2210:
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1592:
1434:
1428:
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1133:
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Aboriginal Peoples of the Russian North: Links to On-Line Resources
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1183:
1175:
876:"Ethno-Cultural Concept 'Reindeer Breeding' in the Even Language"
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205:
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since the 19th century, though the Evens have retained some pre-
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1743:
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1602:
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1235:
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428:
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27:
922:
Crossroads of continents : cultures of Siberia and Alaska
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2256:
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1839:
1825:
1715:
1628:
1204:
629:
152:
1064:
The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire: The Evens
873:
407:, although they are a nomadic people. According to the 2002
2760:
1040:
Reindeer People: Living with Animals and Spirits in Siberia
883:
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities
771:
1031:
James Forsyth, "A History of the Peoples of Siberia",1992
749:. State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. Archived from
521:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
423:; it is heavily influenced by their lifestyle and
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1013:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
859:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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581:Learn how and when to remove this message
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
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959:
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632:Evens chose to settle down, joined the
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737:
735:
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1082:
960:Vitebsky, Piers (February 11, 2006).
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2831:
988:
834:
519:adding citations to reliable sources
490:
464:
178:Regions with significant populations
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
732:
628:among the Evens in the 1930s. Many
13:
1025:
962:"Life Among 'The Reindeer People'"
823:
151:
14:
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1057:
719:Federal State Statistics Service
678:
495:
461:are over 1,000 kilometers away.
270:
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237:
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184:
37:
989:Fitzhugh, William W.; Crowell.
835:Fitzhugh, William W.; Crowell.
506:needs additional citations for
48:needs additional citations for
1249:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
953:
893:
867:
765:
391:. They live in regions of the
1:
3026:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
1074:Notes on the Evens and Evenks
697:
614:
169:
455:
7:
10:
3057:
2925:(controversial, including
991:"Crossroads of continents"
837:"Crossroads of continents"
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636:and engaged themselves in
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18:
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597:Traditional Even clothing
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268:
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177:
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624:for them and eliminated
478:Etymology and Vocabulary
26:Not to be confused with
3016:Ethnic groups in Russia
1110:Ethnic groups in Russia
2998:indicate extinct group
945:: CS1 maint: others (
598:
399:and northern parts of
349:
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156:
21:Evens (disambiguation)
791:10.1101/gr.202945.115
685:Varvara Belolyubskaya
596:
431:by their origins and
347:
339:
323:Related ethnic groups
155:
16:Tungusic ethnic group
2669:Unrecognized peoples
2155:Other ethnic peoples
1442:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
693:, freestyle wrestler
661:Post Contact Economy
515:improve this article
363:: эвэн; pl. эвэсэл,
57:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2744:Assimilated peoples
1337:Meadow-Eastern Mari
905:Arctic Anthropology
753:on 17 December 2011
747:Ukraine Census 2001
687:, linguist and poet
443:practices, such as
140:
2791:Siberian Bukharans
1927:Aukhovite Chechens
1879:Siberian Bukharans
1205:Aukhovite Chechens
907:9(1) (1972): 17-26
899:B. O. Dolgikh and
599:
421:Tungusic languages
383:) are a people in
379:; formerly called
350:
342:
157:
138:
3003:
3002:
2951:Jianzhou Jurchens
2947:Five state tribes
2799:
2798:
2428:
2426:Astrakhan Kazakhs
2150:
2149:
1886:Zabolotnie Tatars
1365:Northwestern Mari
1042:. HarperCollins.
932:978-0-87474-442-2
591:
590:
583:
565:
465:Name and Language
334:
333:
317:Russian Orthodoxy
133:
132:
125:
107:
3048:
3021:Tungusic peoples
2833:Tungusic peoples
2826:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2715:Crimean Italians
2684:
2614:
2570:
2536:
2503:Meskhetian Turks
2487:
2468:
2449:
2447:Sakhalin Koreans
2442:
2424:
2379:
2365:
2358:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2259:
2231:Crimean Karaites
2190:
2093:
2086:
2057:
2050:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1834:
1752:
1662:
1638:
1631:
1551:
1550:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1505:Astrakhan Tatars
1500:
1481:
1467:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1423:
1416:
1402:
1388:
1381:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1315:
1294:
1287:
1238:
1231:
1207:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1053:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1001:
986:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
951:
950:
944:
936:
917:
908:
901:Chester S. Chard
897:
891:
890:
880:
871:
865:
864:
858:
850:
848:
847:
832:
821:
820:
810:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
739:
730:
729:
727:
725:
711:
622:written language
586:
579:
575:
572:
566:
564:
523:
499:
491:
425:reindeer herding
389:Russian Far East
276:
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273:
256:
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243:
241:
240:
230:
228:
227:
217:
215:
214:
204:
202:
201:
190:
188:
187:
171:
163:Total population
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137:
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
106:
65:
41:
33:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2989:
2917:(controversial)
2909:(controversial)
2901:(controversial)
2893:(controversial)
2835:
2830:
2800:
2795:
2739:
2710:Caucasus Greeks
2682:Afro-Abkhazians
2680:
2664:
2610:
2566:
2534:Kola Norwegians
2532:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2438:
2375:
2361:
2354:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2255:
2186:
2146:
2123:
2089:
2082:
2053:
2046:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1903:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1845:Siberian Tatars
1830:
1802:
1748:
1730:
1692:
1658:
1634:
1627:
1545:
1538:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1477:
1463:
1454:
1449:Baikal Cossacks
1447:
1440:
1433:
1419:
1412:
1398:
1384:
1377:
1363:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1335:
1311:
1290:
1283:
1234:
1227:
1203:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1060:
1050:
1036:Vitebsky, Piers
1028:
1026:Further reading
1023:
1022:
1006:
1005:
999:
997:
987:
980:
970:
968:
958:
954:
938:
937:
933:
919:
918:
911:
898:
894:
878:
872:
868:
852:
851:
845:
843:
833:
824:
779:Genome Research
770:
766:
756:
754:
741:
740:
733:
723:
721:
713:
712:
705:
700:
681:
672:
663:
654:
617:
608:
587:
576:
570:
567:
524:
522:
512:
500:
489:
480:
467:
458:
453:
271:
269:
258:Khabarovsk Krai
251:
249:
238:
236:
225:
223:
212:
210:
199:
197:
185:
183:
146:
136:
129:
118:
112:
109:
66:
64:
54:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2955:Haixi Jurchens
2938:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Astrakhan Jews
2697:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
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1519:Mishar Tatars
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1351:Mountain Mari
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1120:nationalities
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689:
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683:
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679:Notable Evens
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623:
612:
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542:
539:
535:
532: –
531:
527:
526:Find sources:
520:
516:
510:
509:
504:This article
502:
498:
493:
492:
484:
475:
472:
462:
448:
446:
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430:
426:
422:
419:, one of the
418:
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116:
113:February 2011
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74: –
73:
69:
68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2995:
2940:
2932:
2928:Heishui Mohe
2926:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2868:
2843:
2513:Montenegrins
2201:Azerbaijanis
2037:Azerbaijanis
1757:
1492:Volga Tatars
1479:Tozhu Tuvans
1321:Komi-Permyak
1039:
998:. Retrieved
994:
971:November 27,
969:. Retrieved
965:
955:
921:
904:
895:
886:
882:
869:
844:. Retrieved
840:
782:
778:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
746:
722:. Retrieved
673:
664:
655:
618:
609:
600:
577:
568:
558:
551:
544:
537:
525:
513:Please help
508:verification
505:
481:
468:
459:
403:east of the
380:
372:
364:
353:
351:
168:
135:Ethnic group
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
3041:Even people
2945:(including
2695:Armeno-Tats
2612:Ural Swedes
2498:Macedonians
2493:Lithuanians
2330:Mingrelians
2206:Belarusians
2188:Cherkesogai
1858:Chat Tatars
1354: [
1340: [
889:(3): 16–17.
785:(1): 1–14.
646:agriculture
471:Okhotsk Sea
371:and эвены,
3010:Categories
2655:Vietnamese
2640:Ukrainians
2568:Ruska Roma
2542:Pakistanis
2528:Norwegians
2485:Latgalians
2395:Hungarians
2356:Mennonites
2221:Bulgarians
2104:Tabasarans
1598:Kamchadals
1544:Indigenous
1313:Izhma Komi
1259:Kabardians
1000:2023-11-19
846:2023-11-16
757:17 January
698:References
626:illiteracy
615:Soviet Era
571:April 2022
541:newspapers
405:Lena River
83:newspapers
2934:Sumo Mohe
2786:Pumpokols
2601:Spaniards
2576:Romanians
2508:Moldovans
2455:Krymchaks
2390:Hamshenis
2309:Adjarians
2303:Georgians
2251:Estonians
2196:Assyrians
2182:Armenians
2172:Americans
2137:Besermyan
2055:Kubachins
1980:Chamalals
1959:Bagvalals
1821:Kumandins
1750:Hamnigans
1706:Izhorians
1698:Northwest
1668:Nganasans
1660:Khandeyar
1555:Far North
1526:Nağaybäks
1512:Kryashens
1408:Ossetians
1400:Khandeyar
1274:Karelians
1269:Karachays
1169:Telengits
1141:Natukhajs
941:cite book
799:1549-5469
634:kolkhozes
456:Migration
445:shamanism
441:Christian
313:Shamanism
287:Languages
2942:Jurchens
2864:Negidals
2781:Meschera
2735:Sireniki
2676:Africans
2625:Turkmens
2596:Slovenes
2552:Persians
2479:Latvians
2410:Japanese
2405:Italians
2211:Bosniaks
2119:Tsakhurs
2091:Karagash
2084:Ak Nogai
2015:Khwarshi
1987:Godoberi
1973:Botlikhs
1938:Akhvakhs
1909:Dagestan
1899:Tofalars
1816:Kamasins
1768:Negidals
1736:Far East
1721:Vepsians
1683:Yukaghir
1623:Alyutors
1593:Itelmens
1568:Chukchis
1435:Cossacks
1429:Russians
1373:Mordvins
1229:Besleney
1223:Cherkess
1199:Chechens
1189:Bashkirs
1176:Tubalars
1162:Chelkans
1156:Altaians
1148:Shapsugs
1134:Bzhedugs
1038:(2005).
1009:cite web
855:cite web
817:27965293
642:breeding
413:language
387:and the
307:Religion
219:Chukotka
2996:Italics
2965:Manchus
2870:Duchers
2859:Oroqens
2751:Agrzhan
2730:Qaratay
2720:Korlaks
2660:Yazidis
2650:Uyghurs
2591:Slovaks
2547:Pamiris
2466:Kurmanj
2434:Koreans
2420:Kazakhs
2400:Indians
2350:Germans
2316:Ingiloy
2246:Dungans
2216:Britons
2167:Afghans
2073:Lezgins
2048:Kaitags
2042:Dargins
2008:Karatas
2001:Hunzibs
1994:Hinukhs
1966:Bezhtas
1917:Abazins
1894:Teleuts
1808:Siberia
1726:Votians
1673:Selkups
1618:Koryaks
1583:Dolgans
1578:Chuvans
1573:Chulyms
1546:peoples
1487:Udmurts
1379:Mokshas
1292:Abugach
1285:Koibals
1264:Kalmyks
1218:Chuvash
1213:Chukchi
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2645:Uzbeks
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2606:Swedes
2581:Rusyns
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2337:Svans
2265:Finns
2257:Setos
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1932:Avars
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