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Russell, New Zealand

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1033: 57: 300: 311: 319: 465:) became virtually deserted, Kororāreka gradually came to be known as Russell as well. In January 1844, Governor Robert FitzRoy officially designated Kororāreka as part of the township of Russell. Today, the name Russell applies only to Kororāreka, while the former capital is known either by its original name of Okiato or as Old Russell. 636:. There were 339 households, comprising 372 males and 390 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 58.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 69 people (9.1%) aged under 15 years, 66 (8.7%) aged 15 to 29, 351 (46.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 276 (36.2%) aged 65 or older. 652:
Of those at least 15 years old, 153 (22.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 102 (14.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 27,100, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 87 people (12.6%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of
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Kororāreka developed as a result of this trade but soon earned a reputation as a community full of prostitution and without laws. It became known as the "Hell Hole of the Pacific"; European law had no influence and Māori law was seldom enforced within the town's area. Fighting on the beach at
384:. The Bay of Islands offered a safe anchorage and had a large Māori population. To attract ships, Māori began to supply food, timber and prostitution. In exchange, the Māori population traded for firearms, alcohol and other goods of European manufacture. 502:] as a town "which appears small, consisting of a few houses along the shore, and cottages scattered here and there on the slope of the hills behind. Nothing is to be seen back of the town but lofty hills not particularly verdant." 423:. A document confirming what had happened was signed at this time by around forty witnesses, including Moka, the only Māori signatory. The following week, the treaty proceedings moved across to the western side of the bay to 378:
When European and American ships began visiting New Zealand in the early 1800s, the indigenous Māori quickly recognised there were great advantages in trading with these strangers, whom they called
1070:, and is the main tourist access to Russell. There is a land connection, but this requires a substantial detour (the ferry route is only 2.3 kilometres, while the land route is 43.5 km). 349:
because of its pleasant climate and the abundance of food, fish and fertile soil. The settlement was known as Kororāreka, and was located on the coast. The name translates to 'sweet
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Ethnicities were 86.6% European/Pākehā, 20.1% Māori, 1.2% Pacific peoples, 2.0% Asian, and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
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Russell covers 3.28 km (1.27 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 790 as of June 2023, with a population density of 241 people per km.
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Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.3% had no religion, 31.5% were Christian, 1.6% had
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church. The surrounding area also contains many expensive holiday homes, as well as New Zealand's most expensive rental accommodation, the
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missionaries, is the oldest surviving industrial building in New Zealand, while the town's Christ Church is the country's oldest surviving
1203: 522:, after diversionary raids drew away the British defenders. The flagstaff was felled for the fourth time at the commencement of the 2815: 1111: 1314:
Life in Feejee : five years among the cannibals, a woman's account of voyaging the Fiji Islands aboard the "Zotoff" (1844–49)
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Russell School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 63 as of August 2024. The school opened in 1892.
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those at least 15 was that 261 (37.7%) people were employed full-time, 114 (16.5%) were part-time, and 24 (3.5%) were unemployed.
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On 18 November 1844, while at anchor in the Bay of Islands, Mary Davis Wallis described "Kororarika" [
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By this time, Kororāreka was an important mercantile centre and served as a vital resupply port for
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Much of the accommodation in the area consists of holiday homes or tourist accommodation.
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proposed that the town's name be officially changed back to Kororāreka, its original
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was touched off in 1845 by the repeated felling and re-erection of the Union Jack on
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remarked, by their arrival in the 18th century, that the area was quite prosperous.
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Before the arrival of the Europeans, the area now known as Russell was inhabited by
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The percentage of people born overseas was 33.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
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for the production of Māori-language religious texts. His building, known as
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The local Kororāreka Marae is a traditional meeting ground of Te Kapotai, a
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The first public notice in New Zealand was printed for Kororarika [
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was founded in that year, Hobson was reluctant to choose Kororāreka as his
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Pompallier Mission, the historic printery/tannery/storehouse of the early
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Climate data for Russell, elevation 15 m (49 ft), (2016–2024)
2733: 2335: 2320: 2076: 1164: 363: 2096: 669: 397: 2275: 2131: 2071: 2029: 1979: 1792: 1708: 1663: 1357:"Proposal to change name of Russell township to original Māori name" 649:, 0.8% were Hindu, 0.4% were Buddhist and 0.8% had other religions. 2081: 2043: 1989: 1929: 1924: 1904: 1884: 1869: 1738: 1713: 1648: 1052: 461:
Kororāreka was part of the Port of Russell, and after Russell (now
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Kororāreka in March 1830, between northern and southern subtribes (
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Memorial for Royal Navy personnel killed during fighting in 1845.
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A car ferry across the Bay of Islands runs between Okiato and
419:) in the presence of a number of settlers and the Māori chief 2004: 1441: 1134: 1132: 1558: 1423: 1909: 1849: 1067: 446:, due to its bad reputation. Instead, he purchased land at 1401: 1129: 1040:
Russell is now mostly a "bastion of cafés, gift shops and
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read his proclamations (which were the beginnings of the
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Hōne Heke directed his warriors not to interfere with
1594: 1504: 1456: 2797: 1191:Whykickamoocow – curious New Zealand place names 632:, and a decrease of 24 people (−3.1%) since the 458:was selected as the new capital not long after. 306:, built in 1835 and New Zealand's oldest church. 1462: 1379: 1377: 1580: 1287:Port in the North: A Short History of Russell 578: 1385:"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census" 628:, an increase of 60 people (8.5%) since the 373: 1374: 389: 379: 354: 280: 27:Town in the Northland Region of New Zealand 1587: 1573: 1345:New Zealand, 13th Edition, September 2006. 1416: 2806:Populated places in the Northland Region 1394: 1031: 317: 309: 298: 1354: 1248:Te Kerikeri 1770–1850, The Meeting Pool 624:Russell had a population of 762 at the 540: 518:above the town. The town was sacked by 14: 2798: 1311: 1298:NZETC. The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. 1183: 1140:"Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat" 1106: 1104: 481:mission in Russell, which contained a 2492:Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field 1568: 1337: 1335: 1333: 174:, Secretary of State for the Colonies 32:Town in Northland Region, New Zealand 1514:. New Zealand Ministry of Education 1355:Tokalau, Torika (18 January 2023). 1101: 468: 340: 233:3.28 km (1.27 sq mi) 24: 1390:2018 Census place summary: Russell 1330: 1090:(1842–1893), guide and interpreter 1020:Source: NIWA (rainfall 1991–2020) 573: 205: • Territorial Authority 25: 2832: 1552: 1463:Petriello, Amy (28 August 2005). 1230:"PRE-CONTACT – TŌ MUA I A TAUIWI" 1081: 1500:Education Counts: Russell School 505: 55: 2816:History of the Northland Region 2482:Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua 1526: 1512:"New Zealand Schools Directory" 1493: 1484: 1465:"Russell – the sleeping beauty" 1434: 1348: 1305: 1300:The Seat Of Government, Page 8. 1292: 556: 2821:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 2592:Bay of Islands Vintage Railway 1312:Wallis, Mary (a lady) (2002). 1279: 1261: 1240: 1222: 1196: 1157: 13: 1: 1561:(a local page about the town) 1094: 950:Average rainfall mm (inches) 215: • Regional council 2542:Rainbow Falls / Waianiwaniwa 1193:., Random House New Zealand. 1073: 547:New Zealand Geographic Board 368:Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne 336:, across the Bay of Islands. 7: 2597:Butler Point Whaling Museum 1430:. Te Potiki National Trust. 1402:"Te Kāhui Māngai directory" 880:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 740:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 680:Russell experiences a mild 359:or 'the kororā is sweet'. 10: 2837: 2657:RNZAF Station Waipapakauri 2585:Facilities and attractions 2245:Motukokako / Piercy Island 1302:Retrieved 7 November 2011. 1027: 1019: 690: 675: 294: 219:Northland Regional Council 209:Far North District Council 2752: 2726: 2700: 2584: 2459: 2258: 2217: 2181: 2174: 2038: 1826: 1626: 1619: 1606: 1036:Duke of Marlborough Hotel 949: 879: 809: 739: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 617: 591:—     489:, remains in the care of 400:iwi, became known as the 374:Early European settlement 362:Early European explorers 281: 258: 250: 242: 237: 229: 224: 214: 204: 199: 178: 165: 157: 149: 141: 133: 123: 113: 105: 70: 66: 54: 47: 37: 2692:Waitangi Treaty Monument 1269:"Bay of Islands History" 1112:"ArcGIS Web Application" 659: 475:Jean Baptiste Pompallier 145:Bay of Islands-Whangaroa 137:Bay of Islands-Whangaroa 41: 2522:Ngawha geothermal field 1246:Binney, Judith (2007). 1189:McCloy, Nicola (2006). 1116:statsnz.maps.arcgis.com 647:Māori religious beliefs 626:2018 New Zealand census 254:240/km (620/sq mi) 2647:Okaihau Railway Branch 2612:Christ Church, Russell 2607:Cape Reinga Lighthouse 1534:"Cosmopolitan Russell" 1490:Google Maps Directions 1470:The New Zealand Herald 1144:Statistics New Zealand 1037: 407:On 30 January 1840 at 390: 380: 355: 337: 315: 307: 90:35.26167°S 174.12222°E 2602:Cape Brett Lighthouse 2477:Cape Maria van Diemen 1729:Piwhane / Spirits Bay 1035: 565:Historical population 545:In January 2023, the 440:Colony of New Zealand 438:operations. When the 321: 313: 302: 2547:Runaruna Mud Volcano 2537:Parengarenga Harbour 2472:Cape Brett Peninsula 2346:Rotokawau (Karikari) 1840:Cape Brett Peninsula 1719:Parengarenga Harbour 1165:"History of Russell" 541:Twenty-first century 524:Battle of Kororāreka 491:Heritage New Zealand 421:Moka Te Kainga-mataa 275:, also known by the 251: • Density 95:-35.26167; 174.12222 2652:Opua Railway Branch 2512:Maungataniwha Range 2341:Rotokawau (Aupōuri) 2175:Geographic features 1544:(3). February 2006. 1273:Jasons Travel Media 1059:. The photographer 810:Daily mean °C (°F) 566: 287:, is a town in the 86: /  2811:Far North District 2785:Te Waimate mission 2765:Battle of Ohaeawai 2557:Te Paki Sand Dunes 2507:Karikari Peninsula 2250:Urupukapuka Island 2240:Motukawanui Island 1679:Karikari Peninsula 1596:Far North District 1341:Russell (from the 1038: 564: 535:Pompallier Mission 487:Pompallier Mission 417:Treaty of Waitangi 338: 316: 308: 243: • Total 230: • Total 161:Early 19th century 128:Far North District 2793: 2792: 2744:Northland College 2627:Kaikohe Aerodrome 2580: 2579: 2572:Whangaroa Harbour 2532:Purerua Peninsula 2502:Kaimaumau wetland 2467:Aupōuri Peninsula 2170: 2169: 1694:Ninety Mile Beach 1285:King, M. (1949). 1210:. 19 January 2023 1171:. 9 February 2023 1088:Lucy Takiora Lord 1061:Laurence Aberhart 1024: 1023: 622: 621: 452:Lord John Russell 356:ka reka te kororā 270: 269: 16:(Redirected from 2828: 2718:Regional Council 2708:District Council 2687:Wairere Boulders 2667:St. James Church 2662:Pompallier House 2637:Māngungu Mission 2632:Kerikeri Airport 2567:Whangape Harbour 2281:Half Mile Lagoon 2235:Simmonds Islands 2194:Great Exhibition 2179: 2178: 1624: 1623: 1620:Populated places 1589: 1582: 1575: 1566: 1565: 1546: 1545: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1508: 1502: 1497: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1398: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1352: 1346: 1339: 1328: 1327: 1309: 1303: 1296: 1290: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1265: 1259: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1200: 1194: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1136: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1108: 688: 687: 580: 575: 567: 563: 469:Catholic mission 395: 383: 358: 341:Māori settlement 286: 285: 118:Northland Region 101: 100: 98: 97: 96: 91: 87: 84: 83: 82: 79: 59: 35: 34: 21: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2780:Opo the dolphin 2748: 2722: 2696: 2576: 2455: 2254: 2230:Cavalli Islands 2213: 2166: 2034: 1822: 1808:Waitiki Landing 1769: 1615: 1602: 1593: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1517: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1475: 1473: 1461: 1457: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1353: 1349: 1340: 1331: 1324: 1310: 1306: 1297: 1293: 1284: 1280: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1245: 1241: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1188: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1169:russellnz.co.nz 1163: 1162: 1158: 1148: 1146: 1138: 1137: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1110: 1109: 1102: 1097: 1084: 1076: 1030: 1025: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 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542: 539: 516:Flagstaff Hill 507: 504: 483:printing press 479:Roman Catholic 477:established a 470: 467: 413:William Hobson 375: 372: 342: 339: 296: 293: 289:Bay of Islands 268: 267: 264: 262: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 197: 196: 194: 193: 191:Te Tai Tokerau 188: 182: 180: 176: 175: 169: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 68: 67: 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 48: 45: 44: 38: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2833: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2770:Boyd massacre 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727:Organisations 2725: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2642:Mission House 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Retrieved 1115: 1077: 1065: 1063:lives here. 1046: 1039: 679: 663: 655: 651: 644: 641: 638: 623: 560: 557:Demographics 544: 528: 509: 497: 495: 473:In 1841–42, 472: 460: 429: 406: 386: 377: 361: 351:blue penguin 344: 332:'s press in 323: 282: 272: 271: 172:John Russell 153:Russell-Ōpua 29: 2775:Dog Tax War 2739:Ngāi Takoto 2677:Tāne Mahuta 2672:Stone Store 2617:Eagles Nest 2441:Waiporohita 1975:Taronui Bay 1880:Matauri Bay 1813:Whatuwhiwhi 1600:New Zealand 1448:6 September 1406:tkm.govt.nz 1057:Eagles Nest 682:subtropical 634:2006 census 630:2013 census 411:, Governor 179:Electorates 150:Subdivision 109:New Zealand 93: / 2800:Categories 2734:Muriwhenua 2701:Government 2527:North Cape 2361:Rotopokaka 2351:Rotokereru 2306:Morehurehu 2077:Matihetihe 1935:Puketotara 1476:6 November 1256:1877242381 1214:27 January 1175:9 February 1149:25 October 1095:References 402:Girls' War 364:James Cook 283:Kororāreka 238:Population 200:Government 81:174°7′20″E 78:35°15′42″S 42:Kororāreka 18:Kororāreka 2460:Landforms 2446:Waitahora 2436:Waiparera 2426:Waimimiha 2421:Waikaramu 2401:Te Kahika 2331:Owhareiti 2316:Ngakeketa 2209:Waimahana 2204:Rangihoua 2199:Henderson 2189:Doubtless 2162:Whirinaki 2132:Rangiahua 2127:Pawarenga 2072:Mangamuka 2052:Broadwood 2030:Whangaroa 2025:Waitaruke 1985:Taupō Bay 1980:Taumarere 1965:Tākou Bay 1950:Rangitane 1832:Whangaroa 1793:Waiharara 1755:Cable Bay 1709:Pamapuria 1669:Kaingaroa 1664:Kaimaumau 1074:Education 684:climate. 520:Hōne Heke 328:] by 186:Northland 167:Named for 142:Community 2451:Whirirau 2431:Waingaro 2416:Waikanae 2406:Wahakari 2356:Rotomata 2311:Ngakapua 2092:Ōhaeawai 2082:Mitimiti 2067:Kohukohu 2044:Hokianga 2020:Waitangi 1990:Te Haumi 1930:Puketona 1925:Pakaraka 1905:Oromahoe 1885:Maromaku 1870:Kerikeri 1865:Kawakawa 1818:Whangape 1778:Te Hāpua 1765:Mangōnui 1739:Pukepoto 1714:Paparore 1649:Herekino 1121:12 April 1053:Anglican 1042:B&Bs 618:Source: 533:and the 456:Auckland 425:Waitangi 260:Postcode 124:District 2753:History 2622:Excitor 2562:Te Puke 2411:Waihopo 2396:Tauanui 2391:Tairutu 2366:Rotoroa 2301:Manuwai 2286:Heather 2218:Islands 2147:Umawera 2142:Tautoro 2122:Panguru 2112:Opononi 2107:Ōmāpere 2102:Omanaia 2097:Ōkaihau 2062:Kaikohe 2040:Kaikohe 2015:Waipapa 2010:Waikare 1960:Russell 1955:Rawhiti 1940:Purerua 1895:Motatau 1890:Moerewa 1773:Takahue 1734:Pukenui 1699:Oruaiti 1689:Ngataki 1674:Kaitaia 1659:Houhora 1634:Ahipara 1627:Te Hiku 1613:Kaikohe 1559:Russell 1289:. p. 37 1234:Russell 1028:Economy 1015:(54.8) 1013:1,391.8 1010:(4.10) 1005:(2.94) 1000:(3.21) 995:(4.42) 990:(5.66) 985:(6.97) 980:(5.85) 975:(5.48) 970:(4.67) 965:(4.28) 960:(3.55) 955:(3.67) 945:(52.1) 940:(56.5) 935:(53.2) 930:(50.2) 925:(47.5) 920:(45.3) 915:(45.3) 910:(47.1) 905:(51.1) 900:(54.1) 895:(56.7) 890:(59.7) 885:(58.5) 875:(60.8) 870:(65.5) 865:(62.1) 860:(59.0) 855:(56.3) 850:(54.0) 845:(53.8) 840:(55.0) 835:(59.2) 830:(62.6) 825:(65.7) 820:(68.4) 815:(67.8) 805:(69.5) 800:(74.7) 795:(70.9) 790:(67.8) 785:(64.9) 780:(62.6) 775:(62.1) 770:(63.1) 765:(67.3) 760:(71.1) 755:(74.8) 750:(77.0) 745:(77.2) 676:Climate 670:Ngāpuhi 579:±% p.a. 444:capital 436:sealing 432:whaling 398:Ngāpuhi 295:History 273:Russell 158:Settled 106:Country 61:Russell 39:Russell 2552:Tarahi 2386:Taeore 2296:Kihona 2291:Kaiwai 2137:Rawene 2057:Horeke 1995:Te Tii 1920:Paihia 1915:Otiria 1900:Okiato 1860:Karetu 1855:Kapiro 1845:Haruru 1783:Te Kao 1639:Awanui 1444:. NIWA 1366:4 July 1320:  1254:  1208:1 News 696:Month 613:+1.65% 602:−1.60% 553:name. 463:Okiato 448:Okiato 381:tauiwi 334:Paihia 114:Region 2713:Mayor 2376:Split 2336:Puhau 2321:Ngatu 2259:Lakes 2152:Waimā 2117:Ōtaua 2005:Towai 1970:Saies 1750:Taipa 1724:Peria 1361:Stuff 1008:104.1 993:112.2 988:143.7 983:177.0 978:148.6 973:139.2 968:118.7 963:108.8 735:Year 660:Marae 551:Māori 347:Māori 279:name 277:Māori 2381:Swan 2371:Salt 2276:Half 2182:Bays 1910:Opua 1850:Kaeo 1654:Hihi 1609:Seat 1520:2024 1478:2011 1450:2024 1368:2023 1318:ISBN 1252:ISBN 1216:2023 1177:2023 1151:2023 1123:2022 1068:Opua 1044:". 1003:74.7 998:81.5 958:90.1 953:93.2 943:11.2 938:13.6 933:11.8 928:10.1 903:10.6 898:12.3 893:13.7 888:15.4 883:14.7 873:16.0 868:18.6 863:16.7 858:15.0 853:13.5 848:12.2 843:12.1 838:12.8 833:15.1 828:17.0 823:18.7 818:20.2 813:19.9 803:20.8 798:23.7 793:21.6 788:19.9 783:18.3 778:17.0 773:16.7 768:17.3 763:19.6 758:21.7 753:23.8 748:25.0 743:25.1 732:Dec 729:Nov 726:Oct 723:Sep 720:Aug 717:Jul 714:Jun 711:May 708:Apr 705:Mar 702:Feb 699:Jan 666:hapū 607:2018 596:2013 585:2006 574:Pop. 570:Year 510:The 434:and 392:hapū 366:and 265:0202 225:Area 134:Ward 49:Town 2266:Big 923:8.6 918:7.4 913:7.4 908:8.4 668:of 610:762 599:702 588:786 499:sic 325:sic 246:790 2802:: 1611:: 1598:, 1540:. 1536:. 1467:. 1426:. 1408:. 1404:. 1376:^ 1359:. 1332:^ 1271:. 1232:. 1206:. 1167:. 1142:. 1131:^ 1114:. 1103:^ 672:. 537:. 493:. 427:. 404:. 2042:/ 1830:/ 1588:e 1581:t 1574:v 1542:9 1522:. 1480:. 1452:. 1412:. 1370:. 1326:. 1275:. 1258:. 1236:. 1218:. 1179:. 1153:. 1125:. 20:)

Index

Kororāreka
Russell
35°15′42″S 174°7′20″E / 35.26167°S 174.12222°E / -35.26167; 174.12222
Northland Region
Far North District
Named for
John Russell
Northland
Te Tai Tokerau
Far North District Council
Northland Regional Council
Postcode
Māori
Bay of Islands

Christ Church


sic
William Colenso
Paihia
Māori
blue penguin
James Cook
Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne
hapū
Ngāpuhi
Girls' War
Christ Church
William Hobson

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