451:) against Li Shaochen. Li Shaochen looked at these forces lightly, particularly not taking Ren seriously in that Ren was a civilian official. However, Ren defeated him, forcing him into retreating to Han Prefecture and trying to defend it. Han, however, did not have heavy fortifications and was only protected by wooden fences, which Ren was then able to burn. Li Shaochen engaged him again and was again defeated. Li Shaochen fled, but was captured at Mianzhu (綿竹, in modern Deyang). He was delivered to Han, where Meng went to meet Dong and Ren and held a feast. He had Li Shaochen brought to the feast table in his jail wagon (i.e., a mobile jail cell mounted on the wagon), stating to Li Shaochen, "You, Lord, already held the staff and flag of a military governor, and also had great accomplishment in conquering Shu. Why do you fear that you were not going to be honored, and instead got yourself into this jail wagon?" Li Shaochen responded, "Chancellor Guo had the highest accomplishments, including conquering the two Chuans without dirtying his sword. But even he was killed even though he was sinless. How can someone like I, Li Shaochen, be assured that I would still have my head? That was why I did not dare to return to the imperial government." Li Shaochen was subsequently delivered to Li Jiji, who continued his march back toward Luoyang. While Li Cunxu was himself shortly after killed in a mutiny at Luoyang, prior to his death, he dispatched the eunuch Xiang Yansi (
253:), defeating and capturing them. Li Cunxu initially hesitated at heading toward Daliang directly, with most of his generals advocating by this point that he first capture Later Liang's coastal circuits. However, Kang insisted on the original plan of attacking Daliang, and with Li Siyuan concurring with him, Li Cunxu agreed, and headed toward Daliang. This caught Zhu by surprise, as Duan's four-prong attack plan left Daliang defenseless. As Later Tang forces approached, he, seeing the situation as hopeless, committed suicide, ending Later Liang. All of Later Liang territory surrendered to Later Tang, allowing Later Tang to absorb it. To reward Kang, Li Cunxu made him the defender of Zheng Prefecture (鄭州, in modern
387:
Shaochen, in displeasure, publicly rebuked Dong several times and at one point threatened to find a reason to put Dong to death under military law. When Dong informed Guo this, Guo decided to exercise imperial authority Li Cunxu delegated to him and commission Dong as the military governor of
Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang) and relieve Dong's military responsibilities (so that Li Shaochen would not have any excuse to use military law against Dong). Further angered (believing that his military accomplishments entitled him to Dongchuan), Li Shaochen went to see Guo, ostensibly to recommend
422:). Further, many of Li Shaochen's subordinates were old subordinates of Li Jilin's, and they mourned his death and feared their own deaths (as a number of their colleagues still serving under Li Jilin were killed as well when Li Jilin was killed). They thus urged Li Shaochen to take action. Li Shaochen, who was then serving as the rearguard for Li Jiji on his journey back to the Later Tang capital
378:
fact a surrender was forthcoming, and advised Guo and Li Jiji of the same. Li
Shaochen thus stopped at Han to wait for Li Jiji and Guo. Wang Zongbi also arrived there to express his intent to surrender. They then headed toward Chengdu together, where Wang Yan formally surrendered, ending Former Shu. Later Tang took control of its territory.
156:, who had just recently declared himself emperor. Kang Yanxiao was assigned as an army commander under Duan. Kang believed that Zhu was then overly trusting of his corrupt inner circle of officials, which would soon lead to destruction, and therefore secretly send letters to Li Cunxu's major general and adoptive brother
408:) the Prince of Mu, to death. The deaths of Guo and Li Jilin caused the army morale to plummet, and Li Shaochen himself, while not close to Guo, was shocked. He was further shocked when, as part of the order to slaughter Li Jilin's family, Li Cunxu ordered Dong, not Li Shaochen, to kill Li Jilin's son Zhu Lingde (
386:
Guo
Chongtao, however, was closer to Dong Zhang, who also served in the campaign, than he was to Li Shaochen, and, despite Li Shaochen's great accomplishments in the campaign and higher rank than Dong, he consulted Dong on more decisions on the subsequent pacification of the Former Shu territory. Li
377:
By this point, Wang Zongbi had become intent on surrendering to Later Tang, to save himself. He forcibly seized Wang Yan and the rest of the imperial household at
Chengdu, and then made an overture to surrender on Wang Yan's behalf, addressed to Li Yan. Li Yan went to Chengdu, ascertained that in
229:
Kang pointed out the weakness of the plan—that it divided up the Later Liang troops, making, in particular, Wang's and Zhang's army vulnerable. He advocated that, as Later Liang would be about to implement this plan, for Li Cunxu to rendezvous with Li Siyuan at Yun, and then head directly toward
398:(that he would rebel and take over the Former Shu lands), and even though Li Cunxu was hesitant to act against Guo without proof, Empress Liu herself issued an order to Li Jiji that he put Guo to death. Li Jiji did so, and subsequently, Li Cunxu also put Guo's allies, the major general
358:), which Mian Prefecture sat on. He chose to take only his cavalry soldiers, fording on their horses, across the river, at the great loss of life from drowning, believing that he needed to quickly advance toward the Former Shu capital
179:. He further revealed to Li Cunxu that Duan had an ambitious four-prong plan to attack Later Tang, to be launched in winter 923, to try to reverse years of Later Liang losses at the hands of Later Tang's predecessor state
694:
168:). Li Cunxu took off his own silk robe and jade belt and awarded them to Kang, making him a commander in his own army against Later Liang, as well as the prefect of Bo Prefecture (博州, in modern Liaocheng).
160:, offering to defect. In fall 923, he carried out his offer, taking some 100 of his cavalry soldiers and surrendered to Later Tang, rendezvousing with the Later Tang emperor at Chaocheng (朝城, in modern
289:
the Prince of Wei in titular command, but with Guo
Chongtao in actual command. Li Shaochen served as Guo's forward commander, commanding 3,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry soldiers, joined by Li Yan (
60:
that resulted in the fall of Later Liang, for which Kang was rewarded and given the imperially-bestowed name of Li
Shaochen. He subsequently had major contributions in Later Tang's conquest of
352:), and encountered an obstacle there—that, while Former Shu forces had abandoned the city, they destroyed all the food supplies there, as well as the bridge over the Mian River (
132:
as its founding emperor, Kang was gradually promoted in the soldier ranks. He had further military accomplishments during the reign of Zhu
Quanzhong's son and successor
441:
Hearing of Li
Shaochen's betrayal, Li Jiji stopped at Li Prefecture (利州, in modern Guangyuan) and ordered Ren to attack Li Shaochen. Meng also sent his officers
391:
instead. Guo, instead, angrily responded, "Are you, Li
Shaochen, rebelling? How dare you resist my decision?" Li Shaochen, in fear, withdrew from his presence.
438:, whom Li Cunxu had commissioned and who was already at Chengdu by that point. He was quickly able to get some 50,000 people of Shu to join him.
674:
332:), engaged him, he crushed them, forcing them to flee. He then headed directly for the major Former Shu city of Li Prefecture (利州, in modern
265:
and a new personal name of
Shaochen. In 924, Li Cunxu made him the military governor of Baoyi Circuit (保義, headquartered in modern
699:
41:
52:. It was his defection from Later Liang to Later Tang in 923 and subsequent offering of intelligence to Later Tang's emperor
434:), he declared himself the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered at Chengdu), claiming to be displacing
669:
643:
639:
635:
631:
591:
575:
550:
531:
171:
Kang revealed that the Later Liang government was then highly influenced by Zhu's close associates, his brother-in-law
619:
614:
607:
602:
504:
499:
481:
476:
152:—i.e., the successor state of what was the power bloc centered around Hedong, by this point ruled by Li Keyong's son
106:
704:
395:
72:(Zhu Youqian), Li Shaochen became apprehensive and decided to rebel, but was subsequently defeated and executed.
20:
306:) and forcing its surrender; he then advanced and captured Feng (鳳州, in modern Baoji) and Xing (興州, in modern
684:
457:) to Li Jiji, ordering Li Shaochen's death, which was then carried out at Fengxiang (鳳翔, in modern Baoji).
129:
45:
659:
180:
96:). At one point, he was guilty of a crime, and he fled to Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
80:
Kang Yangxiao was said to be a tribesman from the Daibei region (代北, i.e., the region north of modern
689:
176:
679:
314:). When a major Former Shu counterattack force, under the commands of the generals Wang Zongxun (
210:
and Zhang Hanjie (張漢傑, Consort Zhang's brother) would head toward Yun Prefecture (鄆州, in modern
172:
116:) by its prefectural and regional designations, suggests that this occurred in the very late
281:
In fall 925, Li Cunxu launched a major campaign against Later Tang's southwestern neighbor
245:
and joined Li Siyuan at Yun. They then confronted Wang and Zhang at Zhongdu (中都, in modern
8:
664:
394:
However, shortly after, Guo himself fell under deep suspicion by Li Cunxu and his wife
241:
In winter 923, as Later Liang began to launch its attacks, Li Cunxu moved across the
64:
as well. After Former Shu's fall, however, with Li Cunxu killing the major generals
344:
abandoned the city and fled. He advanced further to Mian Prefecture (綿州, in modern
38:
626:
526:
104:). (While the accounts do not give a date for his defection, the fact that the
56:
that persuaded Li Cunxu to launch a surprise attack on the Later Liang capital
653:
435:
207:
125:
366:
no chance to rest and think. He then captured Han Prefecture (漢州, in modern
120:, when Hedong and Xuanwu were respectively ruled by powerful rival warlords
363:
242:
235:
117:
65:
695:
People executed by a Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms state by decapitation
88:), who served as a soldier at Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
399:
341:
298:
Li Shaochen quickly attacked the Former Shu city of Weiwu (威武, in modern
222:
133:
69:
426:, thus decided to rebel. When he reached Jian Prefecture (劍州, in modern
282:
262:
193:
187:
149:
61:
49:
414:) the military governor of Wuxin Circuit (武信, headquartered in modern
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402:(previously named Zhu Youqian) and Li Cunxu's own brother Li Cun'ai (
333:
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to prepare to launch a major attack on Later Liang's archrival
93:
85:
299:
270:
258:
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101:
276:
75:
128:.) After Zhu Quanzhong seized the throne and established
37:) from 923 to 926, was a Chinese military general of the
218:, which Li Siyuan had captured earlier in the year).
261:), and bestowed on him both the imperial surname
196:would head toward Zhen Prefecture (鎮州, in modern
651:
452:
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403:
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234:. With the concurrence of his chief of staff
111:
32:
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175:and four relatives of Zhu's deceased wife
144:In 923, Zhu Zhen commissioned his general
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540:
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362:in order to give the Former Shu emperor
277:Participation in the Former Shu campaign
494:
492:
490:
460:
76:Background and defection to Later Liang
652:
581:
556:
537:
510:
381:
42:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
675:Later Liang (Five Dynasties) generals
466:
487:
110:referred to Xuanwu as "Bian Liang" (
13:
230:Later Liang's defenseless capital
225:, would confront Li Cunxu himself.
14:
716:
615:New History of the Five Dynasties
477:New History of the Five Dynasties
340:); the Former Shu major general
24:
1:
700:People executed by Later Tang
603:History of the Five Dynasties
500:History of the Five Dynasties
107:History of the Five Dynasties
7:
10:
721:
670:Executed Later Tang people
190:would head toward Taiyuan.
453:
447:
410:
404:
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328:
322:
316:
291:
221:Duan himself, along with
140:Redefection to Later Tang
112:
33:
705:People from North China
27:) (died 926), known as
461:Notes and references
326:), and Wang Zongyu (
685:Later Tang jiedushi
382:Rebellion and death
238:, Li Cunxu agreed.
660:9th-century births
320:), Wang Zongyan (
712:
690:Xichuan jiedushi
595:
585:
579:
569:
554:
544:
535:
523:
508:
496:
485:
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449:
413:
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331:
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36:
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720:
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586:
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463:
445:and Li Yanhou (
384:
285:, with his son
279:
142:
78:
12:
11:
5:
718:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
680:Baoyi jiedushi
677:
672:
667:
662:
648:
647:
627:Zizhi Tongjian
623:
611:
597:
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588:Zizhi Tongjian
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572:Zizhi Tongjian
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547:Zizhi Tongjian
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527:Zizhi Tongjian
509:
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436:Meng Zhixiang
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126:Zhu Quanzhong
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571:
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440:
393:
385:
376:
364:Wang Zongyan
297:
280:
243:Yellow River
240:
236:Guo Chongtao
228:
170:
143:
118:Tang dynasty
105:
79:
66:Guo Chongtao
28:
17:Kang Yanxiao
16:
15:
396:Empress Liu
342:Wang Zongbi
130:Later Liang
46:Later Liang
29:Li Shaochen
665:926 deaths
654:Categories
283:Former Shu
194:Huo Yanwei
188:Dong Zhang
150:Later Tang
62:Former Shu
50:Later Tang
443:Li Renhan
428:Guangyuan
334:Guangyuan
267:Sanmenxia
255:Zhengzhou
223:Du Yanqiu
162:Liaocheng
158:Li Siyuan
146:Duan Ning
122:Li Keyong
630:, vols.
592:vol. 275
576:vol. 274
551:vol. 273
532:vol. 272
400:Li Jilin
389:Ren Huan
346:Mianyang
308:Hanzhong
251:Shandong
216:Shandong
173:Zhao Yan
166:Shandong
154:Li Cunxu
134:Zhu Zhen
70:Li Jilin
54:Li Cunxu
620:vol. 44
608:vol. 74
505:vol. 74
482:vol. 44
432:Sichuan
424:Luoyang
420:Sichuan
416:Suining
372:Sichuan
360:Chengdu
350:Sichuan
338:Sichuan
312:Shaanxi
304:Shaanxi
287:Li Jiji
232:Daliang
198:Baoding
98:Kaifeng
90:Taiyuan
82:Xinzhou
58:Daliang
44:states
39:Chinese
21:Chinese
368:Deyang
247:Jining
212:Tai'an
94:Shanxi
86:Shanxi
23::
300:Baoji
271:Henan
259:Henan
202:Hebei
102:Henan
124:and
68:and
48:and
644:275
640:274
636:273
632:272
454:向延嗣
448:李延厚
411:朱令德
405:李存乂
374:).
329:王宗昱
323:王宗儼
317:王宗勳
295:).
273:).
181:Jin
34:李紹琛
25:康延孝
656::
642:,
638:,
634:,
618:,
606:,
590:,
574:,
558:^
549:,
539:^
530:,
512:^
503:,
489:^
480:,
468:^
430:,
418:,
370:,
355:綿江
348:,
336:,
310:,
302:,
292:李嚴
269:,
263:Li
257:,
249:,
214:,
204:).
200:,
183::
164:,
136:.
113:汴梁
100:,
92:,
84:,
646:.
622:.
610:.
594:.
578:.
553:.
534:.
507:.
484:.
31:(
19:(
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