606:
Chinese sources as the Tieh-lê, who were to be found in Inner Asia as well The fluidity of the situation in the steppes is mirrored in our sources, a kaleidoscope of dissolving and reforming tribal unions... Although some of the antecedents of this important migration are still unclear, there can be no doubt that the 0ghur tribes now became the dominant element in the Ponto-Caspian steppes. The term Oghur denoted "grouping of kindred tribes, tribal union" and figures in their ethnonyms: Onoghur, Saraghur, etc. The language of these Oghur tribes, which survives today only in
Chuvash, was distinct from that of Common Turkic. In 480 we find our earliest firm notice on the Bulghars ("Mixed Ones"), a large conglomeration of Oghur, Hunnic and other elements. In addition, we have reports about the activities of the Kutrighurs and Utrighurs who appear in our sources under their own names, as "Huns" and perhaps even as "Bulghars." Their precise relationship to the latter cannot be determined with any certainty, but all three clearly originated in the same Hunno-Oghur milieu.
33:
206:, inhabited the lands I mentioned already. They all had a single king. Once one of their kings had two sons: one called Utigur and another called Kutrigur. After their father's death they shared the power and gave their names to the subjected peoples, so that even nowadays some of them are called Utigurs and the others - Kutrigurs.
455:. In March 559 Zabergan attacked Constantinople; one part of his forces consisted of 7,000 horsemen. The transit of such distances in a short period of time shows that they were mounted warriors, and compared to the Chinialon's army, Zabergan's raiders were already encamped near the banks of the Danube.
605:
Sometime about A.D. 463 a series of nomadic migrations was set off in Inner Asia... Archeological and literary evidence permits us to place the homeland of these newcomers, the Oghur tribes, in
Western Siberia and the Kazakh steppes... The Oghurs were part of a large Turkic tribal grouping known in
218:
It is neither fair nor decent to exterminate our tribesmen (the
Kutrigurs), who not only speak a language, identical to ours, who are our neighbours and have the same dressing and manners of life, but who are also our relatives, even though subjected to other
399:...all of them are called in general Scythians and Huns in particular according to their nation. Thus, some are Koutrigours or Outigours and yet others are Oultizurs and Bourougounds... the Oultizurs and Bourougounds were known up to the time of the Emperor
247:. All these peoples were referred to by the general name of Scythians or Huns, whereas individual tribes had their own particular names, rooted in ancestral tradition, such as Cotrigurs, Utigurs, Ultizurs, Bourougounds and so on and so forth."
380:). They are described in typical phrases used for nomads in the ethnographic literature of the period, as people who "live in tents, earn their living on the meat of livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons (plunder)".
403:(457–474) and the Romans of that time and appeared to have been strong. We, however, in this day, neither know them, nor, I think, will we. Perhaps, they have perished or perhaps they have moved off to very far place.
557:
The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of
Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter of their actual origin and identity. However, this remains
458:
A threat to the stability of the
Byzantine Empire according to Procopius, Agathias and Menander, the Kutrigurs and Utigurs decimated one another. Some Kutrigur remnants were swept away by the
210:
They occupied the
Tanaitic-Maeotic (Don-Azov) steppe zone, the Kutrigurs in the Western part and the Utrigurs towards the East. This story was also confirmed by the words of the Utigur ruler
429:(527–565) through diplomatic persuasion and bribery tricked the Kutrigurs and Utigurs into mutual warfare. Utigurs led by Sandilch attacked the Kutrigurs, who suffered great losses.
2431:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1027:
History of the
Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages, Volume I. History of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Part I. Age of Hun-Bulgarian supremacy (679-852)
163:
948:
An introduction to the
History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
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915:
436:, entered imperial service and were settled in Thrace. The friendly treatment of those Kutrigurs was viewed negatively by Sandilch.
1179:
900:
503:
with the tribes of the
Kutrigurs and Utigurs under a single rule, creating a powerful confederation which was referred to by the
432:
Kutrigurs made a peace treaty with the
Byzantine Empire, and 2,000 Kutrigurs on horseback, with wives and children, led by
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1134:"Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans"
1993:
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Peter B. Golden (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. O. Harrassowitz. p. 505
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142:(conspicuous, eminent, renowned). Few scholars support theories deriving the Kutrigurs from the
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Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
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Zimonyi Istvan: "History of the Turkic speaking peoples in Europe before the Ottomans".
519:. According to some scholars, it is more correctly called the Onogundur-Bulgar Empire.
512:
486:
river. The Utigurs remained in the Pontic steppe and fell under the rule of the Türks.
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crossed the frozen Danube and divided into three sections; one raided south as far as
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226:, Greek poet and the principal historian of part of the reign of the Roman emperor
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and the Utigurs. Towards the end of the 6th century they were absorbed by the
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In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croatian Nation
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Dimitrov, D. (1987). "Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs".
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In 551, a 12,000-strong Kutrigur army led by many commanders, including
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Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden
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1114:. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.
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In the winter of 558, the remaining large Kutrigur army led by
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Grousset thought that the Kutrigurs were remnants of the Huns,
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235:"In ancient times the Huns inhabited the region east of lake
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Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
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in 568 ordered 10,000 so-called Kutrigur Huns to cross the
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The Bulgarians: from pagan times to the Ottoman conquest
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in the 6th century AD. To their east were the similar
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727:
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264:
555) in Western Eurasia records thirteen tribes, the
1086:
Medieval Syriac Historians' Perceptions of the Turks
1041:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
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581:(1990). "The peoples of the south Russian steppes".
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1100:. Varna: George Bakalov – via kroraina.com.
1097:Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie
635:
2444:
1030:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: СОФИЯ ДЪРЖАВНА ПЕЧАТНИЦА.
585:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 256–284.
1140:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 69–89.
59:and both possibly were closely related to the
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230:recalls the origin of their name as follows:
1136:. In Zimonyi István; Osman Karatay (eds.).
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583:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
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1044:. The State University of New Jersey.
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474:(Zabender) fled to the Avars from the
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36:Europe and northern Africa c. 600 AD.
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178:) as a root of Kutrigur, posited by
27:Historical ethnic group in Caucasus
24:
1187:
466:(Kotzagiroi, possibly Kutrigurs),
25:
2479:
775:. Translated by Frendo, Joseph D.
2423:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
909:
779:
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551:
1068:. Princeton University Press.
571:
134:meaning "nine Oğur (tribes)".
13:
1:
905:Historia syntomos, breviarium
591:10.1017/CHOL9780521243049.011
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421:who were at the war with the
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51:tribe who flourished on the
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1089:. University of Cambridge.
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239:to the north of the river
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162:respectively, posited by
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2060:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
1060:Beckwith, Christopher I.
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462:to Pannonia. By 569 the
170:which is a term for the
71:under pressure from the
1549:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
1205:Azerbaijani communities
1000:Karatay, Osman (2003).
773:Agathias: The Histories
451:; and the periphery of
447:; while two others the
384:War with the Byzantines
254:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
138:derived it from Turkic
63:. They warred with the
2468:Extinct Turkic peoples
2382:Crimean Tatar diaspora
1559:Western Thracian Turks
1494:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
1145:Dickens, Mark (2010).
1083:Dickens, Mark (2004).
943:Golden, Peter Benjamin
579:Golden, Peter Benjamin
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258:Ecclesiastical History
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2089:Extinct Turkic groups
2047:Turkic minorities in
1994:Turkic minorities in
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496:managed to unite the
489:Between 630 and 635,
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198:in the old days many
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166:. Similarly few find
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2377:Azerbaijani diaspora
1714:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1352:Turkmen communities
1248:Western Azerbaijanis
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975:Lang, David Marshall
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1264:Javanshir Qizilbash
136:David Marshall Lang
87:, also recorded as
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1705:Turkic minorities
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1591:Turkic minorities
1307:Kyrgyz communities
1276:Kazakh communities
1151:Parole de l'Orient
985:. Westview Press.
925:2012-07-22 at the
891:, p. 140–141.
632:, p. 71, 139.
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1244:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:Turkic peoples
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1126:
1120:
1102:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1056:
1050:
1036:Grousset, René
1032:
1018:
1012:
997:
991:
971:
965:
938:
937:
932:
931:
929:on 2013-10-21)
908:
893:
881:
869:
867:, p. 107.
857:
840:
828:
811:
799:
787:
778:
763:
751:
749:, p. 140.
726:
709:
697:
685:
670:
666:Zlatarski 1918
658:
646:
634:
622:
620:, p. 139.
610:
599:
569:
567:
564:
561:
560:
558:controversial.
549:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
536:
531:
524:
521:
509:Western Europe
478:. Avar Khagan
453:Constantinople
385:
382:
202:, called then
187:
184:
180:Josef Markwart
156:Southwest Asia
80:
77:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2480:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2435:territories).
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Black Klobuks
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:(exc. Russia)
2045:
2039:
2038:Afghan Kyrgyz
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:Mishar Tatars
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:in Uzbekistan
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Serbian Turks
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Kosovan Turks
1502:
1500:
1499:Israeli Turks
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Cypriot Turks
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Bosnian Turks
1457:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Afghan Kyrgyz
1331:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Curta, Florin
1127:
1123:
1121:9789732721520
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1075:9781400829941
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1051:9780813513041
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1013:9789756467077
1009:
1005:
1004:
998:
994:
992:9780891585305
988:
983:
982:
976:
972:
968:
966:9783447032742
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:
944:
940:
939:
935:
934:
928:
924:
921:
917:
912:
906:
902:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
855:, p. 77.
854:
849:
847:
845:
837:
832:
826:, p. 76.
825:
820:
818:
816:
809:, p. 98.
808:
803:
797:, p. 97.
796:
791:
782:
774:
767:
761:, p. 99.
760:
755:
748:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
723:
722:Dimitrov 1987
718:
716:
714:
707:, p. 19.
706:
701:
695:, p. 99.
694:
693:Beckwith 2009
689:
683:, p. 79.
682:
681:Grousset 1970
677:
675:
667:
662:
656:, p. 26.
655:
650:
644:, p. 34.
643:
638:
631:
626:
619:
614:
607:
602:
600:9781139054898
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
574:
570:
554:
550:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
406:
405:
402:
396:
390:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
300:(Kutriğurs),
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
255:
249:
248:
246:
242:
238:
231:
229:
225:
220:
215:
213:
207:
205:
201:
195:
193:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Osman Karatay
161:
157:
154:, of ancient
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:Κουτούργουροι
94:
90:
86:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
34:
30:
19:
2214:
2075:Lipka Tatars
1948:Tozhu Tuvans
1908:Volga Tatars
1621:Akto Turkmen
1514:Libyan Turks
1474:Cretan Turks
1389:Akto Turkmen
1338:Tajik Kyrgyz
1325:Akto Turkmen
1212:Azerbaijanis
1150:
1137:
1110:
1096:
1085:
1064:
1040:
1026:
1002:
980:
947:
920:the original
911:
904:
896:
884:
879:, p. 5.
877:Dickens 2010
872:
860:
831:
802:
790:
781:
772:
766:
754:
705:Dickens 2004
700:
688:
661:
654:Karatay 2003
649:
637:
625:
613:
604:
582:
573:
553:
516:
488:
471:
467:
463:
457:
438:
431:
415:Maeotic Lake
408:
404:
398:
387:
373:
365:
357:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
317:
313:
305:
301:
297:
289:
285:
277:
273:
265:
257:
251:
245:Mount Imaeus
234:
233:
228:Justinian I.
222:
217:
209:
197:
189:
175:
167:
139:
131:
124:
120:
117:Κουτράγουροι
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:Κουτρίγουροι
92:
88:
84:
82:
41:
39:
29:
2463:6th century
2296:Toquz Oghuz
2235:Oghuz Turks
2202:Sir-Kıvchak
1996:Afghanistan
1739:Qarai Turks
1655:Tor Uyghurs
1634:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1582:Karakalpaks
1451:Kouloughlis
1255:Karapapakhs
889:Golden 2011
865:Golden 2011
836:Golden 1992
807:Golden 1992
795:Golden 1992
759:Golden 1992
747:Golden 2011
630:Golden 2011
618:Golden 2011
507:authors in
445:Thermopylae
427:Justinian I
378:Hephthalite
174:(some read
121:Κοτριαγήροι
109:Κουτρίγοροι
101:Κοτρίγουροι
2447:Categories
1343:Van Kyrgyz
1225:Shahsevans
853:Curta 2015
824:Curta 2015
771:Agathias.
566:References
464:Κοτζαγηροί
362:Khalyzians
304:(probably
204:Cimmerians
132:*quturoğur
113:Κοτράγηροι
105:Κοτρίγοροι
2453:Kutrigurs
2370:Diasporas
2311:Xueyantuo
2301:Uriankhai
2248:Pechenegs
2241:Turkomans
2215:Kutrigurs
1887:Kryashens
1849:Kumandins
1830:Karachays
1810:Besermyan
1785:Telengits
1691:Krymchaks
1674:in Crimea
1639:Ili Turks
1232:Küresünni
953:Wiesbaden
642:Lang 1976
411:Chinialon
194:recounts:
192:Procopius
150:from the
144:Guti/Quti
83:The name
79:Etymology
42:Kutrigurs
2421:Turkmens
2409:Turkmeni
2266:Saragurs
2210:Kurykans
2196:Kipchaks
2181:Keraites
2166:Göktürks
2156:Dughlats
2146:Dingling
2116:Berendei
1967:Mongolia
1937:Tofalars
1901:Nağaybäk
1805:Bashkirs
1792:Tubalars
1778:Chelkans
1772:Altaians
1593:in China
1425:Tahtacıs
1418:Muhacirs
1359:Turkmens
1132:(2015).
1108:(2011).
1062:(2009).
1038:(1970).
1024:(1918).
977:(1976).
945:(1992).
923:Archived
523:See also
505:medieval
472:Ζαβενδὲρ
441:Zabergan
423:Lombards
389:Agathias
372:?), and
350:Bagrasik
342:Ιτιμαροι
322:Akatziri
276:(Oğur),
212:Sandilch
160:Caucasus
158:and the
146:and the
140:kötrügür
85:Kutrigur
18:Kutrigur
2433:Ottoman
2417:Iranian
2413:Afghani
2361:Mughals
2356:Hazaras
2306:Utigurs
2281:Türgesh
2256:Onogurs
2230:Nushibi
2225:Naimans
2186:Khazars
2176:Karluks
2131:Chigils
2126:Bulgars
2111:Barsils
2049:Europe
2028:Ansarlu
1974:Khotons
1932:Teleuts
1825:Dolgans
1820:Chuvash
1815:Chulyms
1800:Balkars
1744:Qashqai
1729:Khalajs
1707:in Iran
1649:Uyghurs
1372:Ansarlu
1283:Kazakhs
1197:Peoples
936:Sources
539:Bulgars
534:Onogurs
529:Utigurs
501:Bulgars
480:Bayan I
468:Ταρνιάχ
434:Sinnion
354:Barsils
352:, i.e.
346:b'grsyq
340:? <
330:Saragur
326:srwrgwr
308:, i.e.
298:kwrtrgr
294:Bulgars
292:, i.e.
237:Maeotis
219:lords".
186:History
172:Bulgars
152:Udi/Uti
148:Utigurs
130:, with
125:*Toqur-
89:Kwrtrgr
61:Bulgars
57:Utigurs
44:were a
2429:Syrian
2351:Abdals
2344:Others
2331:Yabaku
2321:Yueban
2271:Shatuo
2261:Sabirs
2220:Merkit
2171:Kangly
2161:Esegel
2141:Cumans
2121:Bulaqs
2106:Basmyl
2070:Gagauz
2020:Timuri
2014:Aimaqs
2009:Afshar
1956:Yakuts
1942:Tuvans
1874:Tatars
1869:Soyots
1859:Nogais
1854:Kumyks
1841:Koibal
1835:Khakas
1765:Russia
1719:Afshar
1663:Yugurs
1577:Uzbeks
1432:Yörüks
1314:Kyrgyz
1118:
1072:
1048:
1010:
989:
963:
597:
498:Onogur
494:Kubrat
419:Gepids
370:Abdali
290:Burğar
270:Onogur
46:Turkic
2425:Iraqi
2326:Yagma
2291:Torks
2286:Tuhsi
2276:Tiele
2191:Kimek
2151:Duolu
1984:Dukha
1864:Shors
1696:Urums
1644:Salar
1411:Gajal
1405:Turks
545:Notes
515:, or
476:Türks
460:Avars
374:ftlyt
338:dimar
334:dyrmr
310:Avars
286:bwrgr
282:Sabir
266:wngwr
176:Kuchi
168:Duč'i
73:Türks
2427:and
2415:and
2096:Alat
1600:Äynu
1116:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1008:ISBN
987:ISBN
961:ISBN
595:ISBN
491:Khan
484:Sava
364:?),
358:kwls
324:?),
318:Kasr
306:Abar
200:Huns
127:Oğur
40:The
587:doi
511:as
401:Leo
366:bdl
356:),
344:),
332:),
314:ksr
312:),
296:),
284:),
278:sbr
274:wgr
272:),
256:'s
241:Don
2449::
2419:)
2411:,
2101:Az
1149:.
959:.
955::
951:.
903:,
843:^
814:^
729:^
712:^
673:^
603:.
593:.
393:c.
336:(*
320:;
302:br
262:c.
182:.
119:,
115:,
111:,
107:,
103:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
75:.
1181:e
1174:t
1167:v
1153:.
1124:.
1078:.
1054:.
1016:.
995:.
969:.
724:.
668:.
589::
391:(
376:(
368:(
360:(
348:(
328:(
316:(
288:(
280:(
268:(
260:(
214::
20:)
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