1133:
1119:
572:, is that the nominal interest rate should increase by more than one percentage point for each one-percent rise in inflation. Some empirical estimates indicate that many central banks today act approximately as the Taylor rule prescribes, but violated the Taylor principle during the inflationary spiral of the 1970s.
558:
proposed that a simple and effective central bank policy would manipulate short-term interest rates, raising rates to cool the economy whenever inflation or output growth becomes excessive, and lowering rates when either one falls too low. Taylor's interest rate equation has come to be known as the
1685:
Ben
Bernanke refers to the “three concepts named after John that are central to understanding our macroeconomic experience of the past three decades—the Taylor curve, the Taylor rule, and the Taylor principle.” in “Opening Remarks,” Conference on John Taylor’s Contributions to Monetary Theory and
658:
would not serve as a good policy tool. His research with John Cogan, Tobias Cwik, and
Volcker Wieland showed that the multiplier is much smaller in new Keynesian than in old Keynesian models, a result that was confirmed by researchers at central banks. He evaluated the 2008 and 2009 stimulus
31:
608:
spurred on the boom and that the crisis was misdiagnosed as a liquidity rather than a credit risk problem. He wrote that, "government actions and interventions, not any inherent failure or instability of the private economy, caused, prolonged, and worsen the crisis."
519:; the results of Taylor, Phelps, and Fischer showed that Sargent and Wallace's crucial assumption was not rational expectations, but perfectly flexible prices. These research projects together could considerably deepen our understanding of the limits of the
550:: should central banks try to control the money supply, the price level, or the interest rate; and should these instruments react to changes in output, unemployment, asset prices, or inflation rates? He showed that there was a tradeoff—later called the
330:
and
Economics Department of Princeton University from 1980 to 1984 before returning to Stanford. He has received several teaching prizes and teaches Stanford's introductory economics course as well as PhD courses in monetary economics.
545:
rules traces back to his undergraduate studies at
Princeton. He went on in the 1970s and 1980s to explore what types of monetary policy rules would most effectively reduce the social costs of inflation and
1898:
Judd, Kenneth; Kubler, Felix; Schmedders, Karl (2003), "Computational methods for dynamic equilibria with heterogeneous agents", in
Dewatripont, Mathias; Hansen, Lars Peter; Turnovsky, Stephen J. (eds.),
2598:
445:, and the construction of a policy tradeoff (Taylor) curve employing empirical rational expectations models—has had a major impact on economic theory and policy. Former Federal Reserve Chairman
472:
paper in which he presented one of the first econometric models with overlapping price setting and rational expectations, which he later expanded into a large multicountry model in a 1993 book
3226:
480:
paper, in which he developed with Ray Fair the first algorithm to solve large-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models which became part of popular solution programs such as
2383:
Taylor, John B. (2009), "The financial crisis and the policy response: an empirical analysis of what went wrong (housing and monetary policy)", in Bank of Canada Staff (ed.),
3316:
3326:
597:
2717:
42:
2363:
Housing, housing finance, and monetary policy: a symposium sponsored by the
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 30-September 1, 2007
991:
Housing, housing finance, and monetary policy: a symposium sponsored by the
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 30-September 1, 2007
584:. He finds that the crisis was primarily caused by flawed macroeconomic policies from the U.S. government and other governments. Particularly, he focuses on the
2610:
1623:
Taylor, John B. (1981), "Estimation and control of a macroeconomic model with rational expectations", in Lucas, Jr., Robert E.; Sargent, Thomas J. (eds.),
1496:
3341:
1151:
2385:
Festschrift in honour of David Dodge's contributions to
Canadian public policy: proceedings of a conference held by the Bank of Canada, November, 2008
1007:
Festschrift in honour of David Dodge's contributions to
Canadian public policy: proceedings of a conference held by the Bank of Canada, November, 2008
3351:
1069:
3271:
1005:
Taylor, John B. (2009), "The financial crisis and the policy response: an empirical analysis of what went wrong", in Bank of Canada Staff (ed.),
386:
429:
in 1968 after completing a senior thesis titled "Fiscal and
Monetary Stabilization Policies in a Model of Cyclical Growth". He then earned his
2311:
Clarida, Richard; GalĂ, Jordi; Gertler, Mark (February 2000). "Monetary policy rules and macroeconomic stability: evidence and some theory".
1979:
Sargent, Thomas; Wallace, Neil (April 1975). "'Rational' expectations, the optimal monetary instrument, and the optimal money supply rule".
1843:
Taylor, John B.; Fair, Ray C. (July 1983). "Solution and maximum likelihood estimation of dynamic nonlinear rational expectations models".
915:
Taylor, John B. (1986), 'New econometric approaches to stabilization policy in stochastic models of macroeconomic fluctuations'. Ch. 34 of
2649:
1467:
3346:
3266:
3331:
2082:
King, Robert G.; Wolman, Alexander (1999), "What should the monetary authority do when prices are sticky?", in Taylor, John B. (ed.),
3336:
3261:
2469:
481:
453:
has noted that Taylor's work “has affected the way policymakers and economists analyze the economy and approach monetary policy."
363:
2420:
3296:
3043:
1173:
678:'s advocacy of additional stimulus programs from Congress, which Taylor said will not help in the long run. In his 2012 book
2107:
Taylor, John B. (1999), "Staggered price and wage setting in macroeconomics", in Taylor, John B.; Woodford, Michael (eds.),
3321:
3301:
2757:
2644:
3311:
1924:
Taylor, John B.; Phelps, Edmund S. (February 1977). "Stabilizing powers of monetary policy under rational expectations".
741:
Taylor, John B.; Phelps, Edmund S. (February 1977). "Stabilizing powers of monetary policy under rational expectations".
3306:
3276:
612:
Taylor's research has also examined the impact of fiscal policy in the recent recession. In November 2008, writing for
520:
516:
3291:
2392:
2116:
2091:
2066:
2033:
1908:
1670:
1636:
1451:
1342:
1100:
1058:
1035:
1014:
979:
958:
831:
503:, even when all workers and firms have rational expectations. This demonstrated that some of the earlier insights of
382:
administration and Senior Economist at the Council of Economic Advisors during the Ford and Carter administrations.
2674:
136:
468:
paper, in which he showed how gradual learning could be incorporated in models with rational expectations; a 1979
623:
547:
2181:
Taylor, John B. (September 1979). "Estimation and control of a macroeconomic model with rational expectations".
1796:
Taylor, John B. (September 1979). "Estimation and control of a macroeconomic model with rational expectations".
1578:
Taylor, John B. (September 1979). "Estimation and control of a macroeconomic model with rational expectations".
1027:
Getting off track: how government actions and interventions caused, prolonged, and worsened the financial crisis
845:
Taylor, John B. (September 1979). "Estimation and control of a macroeconomic model with rational expectations".
2550:
2313:
1333:
Taylor, John B. (1991), "Staggered wage setting in a macro model", in Mankiw, N. Gregory; Romer, David (eds.),
1211:
822:
Taylor, John B. (1991), "Staggered wage setting in a macro model", in Mankiw, N. Gregory; Romer, David (eds.),
449:
has said that Taylor's “influence on monetary theory and policy has been profound,” and Federal Reserve Chair
1410:
1316:
925:
897:
801:
367:
3286:
3233:
3206:
1981:
1926:
1743:
1362:
1307:
1074:
888:
792:
743:
694:
667:
527:
394:
375:
284:
2548:
Taylor, John B. (September 2011). "An empirical analysis of the revival of fiscal activism in the 2000s".
1079:
3013:
1700:
682:, he endeavors to explain why these reforms are part of a broader set of principles of economic freedom.
335:
2958:
886:
Taylor, John B. (December 1980). "Scale economies, product differentiation, and the pattern of trade".
3003:
2923:
2885:
2880:
2510:
2248:
949:
Taylor, John B. (1999), "An historical analysis of monetary policy rules", in Taylor, John B. (ed.),
2564:
2327:
2197:
1940:
1812:
1757:
1594:
1564:
1291:
861:
757:
708:
3116:
2963:
2910:
2750:
2276:
1859:
398:
229:
2586:
2152:
3126:
3058:
2438:
2414:
614:
531:
347:
334:
In research published in 1979 and 1980 he developed a model of price and wage setting—called the
217:
1741:
Taylor, John B. (October 1975). "Monetary policy during a transition to rational expectations".
692:
Taylor, John B. (October 1975). "Monetary policy during a transition to rational expectations".
674:
measures and keep to a more static, stable monetary policy. He also criticized fellow economist
3281:
2938:
2792:
2559:
2322:
2268:
2192:
1935:
1854:
1807:
1752:
1589:
1475:
1165:
1146:
856:
752:
703:
241:
2654:
2505:
2361:
Taylor, John B. (2008), "Housing and monetary policy", in Reserve Bank of Kansas City (ed.),
1551:
1278:
1263:
989:
Taylor, John B. (2008), "Housing and monetary policy", in Reserve Bank of Kansas City (ed.),
635:
461:
339:
327:
3256:
3028:
2664:
2602:
2536:
2137:
1616:
1443:
Global financial warriors: the untold story of international finance in the post-9/11 world
971:
Global financial warriors: the untold story of international finance in the post-9/11 world
663:
581:
499:, showed that monetary policy is useful for stabilizing the economy if prices or wages are
426:
402:
162:
146:
1428:
943:
8:
2782:
2766:
2743:
2690:
1270:
671:
651:
643:
504:
457:
323:
308:
205:
197:
157:
1191:
630:
permanently creating a worker's tax credit equal to 6.2 percent of wages up to $ 8,000,
3096:
2933:
2870:
2577:
2527:
2486:
2340:
2293:
2210:
2006:
1998:
1961:
1953:
1880:
1872:
1825:
1778:
1770:
1731:
Remarks at the Conference on John Taylor's Contributions to Monetary Theory and Policy.
1707:
Remarks at the Conference on John Taylor's Contributions to Monetary Theory and Policy.
1661:
Macroeconomic policy in a world economy: from econometric design to practical operation
1625:
1607:
1543:
1528:
1387:
1379:
1320:
1241:
1089:
901:
874:
805:
778:
770:
729:
721:
500:
418:
316:
201:
187:
565:, and it is now widely accepted as an effective formula for monetary decision making.
530:
of overlapping wage and price setting, which became one of the building blocks of the
3181:
3131:
3076:
3033:
2953:
2860:
2810:
2531:
2388:
2366:
2163:
2153:"Fiscal and monetary stabilization policies in a model of endogenous cyclical growth"
2112:
2087:
2062:
2029:
2010:
1904:
1884:
1666:
1632:
1447:
1441:
1423:
1391:
1338:
1096:
1054:
1031:
1025:
1010:
994:
975:
969:
954:
938:
910:
827:
580:
Taylor's recent research has been on the financial crisis that began in 2007 and the
414:
390:
379:
122:
2973:
2490:
2433:
2409:
2053:. Contributions to Economics. Heidelberg / New York / Dordrecht / London: Springer.
1965:
782:
554:—between the volatility of inflation and that of output. Taylor's 1993 paper in the
3196:
3151:
3121:
3023:
2727:
2710:
2569:
2519:
2478:
2344:
2332:
2285:
2202:
2134:
Fiscal and monetary stabilization policies in a model of endogenous cyclical growth
2054:
1990:
1945:
1864:
1817:
1782:
1762:
1721:
1659:
1599:
1419:
1371:
1186:
1182:
1138:
1124:
1046:
934:
866:
762:
733:
713:
535:
422:
312:
259:
151:
87:
75:
2349:
670:
on a path towards being balanced. He cautioned that the Fed should move away from
3191:
3186:
3176:
3106:
3091:
3086:
3048:
3038:
2968:
2948:
2820:
2606:
1520:
585:
542:
496:
307:(born December 8, 1946) is the Mary and Robert Raymond Professor of Economics at
251:
3166:
3066:
2993:
2918:
2890:
2865:
2845:
2805:
2800:
2694:
2482:
1408:
Taylor, John B. (December 1993). "Discretion versus policy rules in practice".
1360:
Taylor, John B. (February 1980). "Aggregate dynamics and staggered contracts".
923:
Taylor, John B. (December 1993). "Discretion versus policy rules in practice".
919:, vol. 3, Z. Griliches and M.D. Intriligator, eds. Elsevier Science Publishers.
593:
589:
508:
263:
63:
2058:
618:
opinion section, he recommended four measures to fight the economic downturn:
3250:
3156:
3018:
2855:
2835:
2815:
2460:
Taylor, John B.; Cogan, John F.; Cwik, Tobias; Wieland, Volker (March 2010).
2370:
998:
659:
packages and argued that they were not effective in stimulating the economy.
492:
355:
343:
126:
3111:
2336:
2167:
2028:(2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, p. 543,
3211:
3161:
3136:
3081:
3071:
2998:
2943:
2895:
2875:
2825:
2660:
2655:
Fed Conference on John Taylor’s Contributions to Monetary Theory and Policy
2228:
2183:
1845:
1798:
1717:
1696:
1580:
847:
675:
512:
450:
446:
359:
255:
1544:"Fiscal and Monetary Stabilization Policies in a Model of Cyclical Growth"
666:, Taylor stressed the importance of long term fiscal reform that sets the
456:
Taylor contributed to the development of mathematical methods for solving
362:
actually do set them. He has been active in public policy, serving as the
3171:
3146:
3141:
3008:
2988:
2928:
2900:
2850:
2650:
Conference to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Taylor rule proposal
2573:
2289:
2256:. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2007–18. Federal Reserve Board.
1901:
Advances in economics and econometrics theory and applications (volume 3)
1542:
Taylor, John Brian. Princeton University. Department of Economics (ed.).
1070:"Refocus the Fed on price stability instead of bailing out fiscal policy"
647:
601:
561:
534:
that rebuilt much of the traditional macromodel on rational expectations
442:
351:
338:—which served as an underpinning of a new class of empirical models with
273:
2581:
2461:
2297:
280:
2983:
2978:
2840:
2830:
2681:
2523:
2365:, Kansas City, Missouri: Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pp. 463–76,
2214:
2002:
1957:
1876:
1829:
1774:
1611:
1383:
1324:
1305:
Taylor, John B. (May 1979). "Staggered wage setting in a macro model".
993:, Kansas City, Missouri: Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pp. 463–76,
905:
878:
809:
790:
Taylor, John B. (May 1979). "Staggered wage setting in a macro model".
774:
725:
605:
3230:
1237:
507:
remained true under rational expectations. This was important because
3101:
2634:
1903:, Cambridge, U.K. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 247,
2462:"New Keynesian versus old Keynesian government spending multipliers"
2206:
2024:
Blanchard, Olivier (2000), "Epliogue", in Blanchard, Olivier (ed.),
1868:
1821:
1603:
870:
592:, a personal friend of Taylor, created "monetary excesses" in which
2669:
1994:
1949:
1766:
1375:
766:
717:
655:
2111:, Amsterdam New York: North-Holland Elsevier, pp. 1009–50,
2685:
2051:
The theory of new classical macroeconomics: a positive critique
1164:
Libich, Jan; Nguyen, Dat Thanh; StehlĂk, Petr (December 2015).
1132:
485:
441:
Taylor's research—including the staggered contract model, the
358:
should be determined, which then became a rough summary of how
30:
2735:
1091:
First principles: five keys to restoring America's prosperity
680:
First Principles: Five Keys to Restoring America’s Prosperity
2639:
2237:
Remarks at the meeting of the Eastern Economic Association.
568:
A key stipulation of the Taylor rule, sometimes called the
374:
chronicles this period. He was a member of the President's
2599:"Taylor Says U.S. Needs 'Sound' Monetary, Fiscal Policies"
2718:
Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
1337:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 233–242,
430:
43:
Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
826:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 233–42,
600:
the housing boom in his opinion. He also believes that
366:
for International Affairs during the first term of the
2459:
2162:. Econometric Research Program, Princeton University.
1411:
Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy
1152:
Members of Stanford University's Economics Department
926:
Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy
556:
Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy
1897:
1114:
315:
Senior Fellow in Economics at Stanford University's
3317:
Stanford University Department of Economics faculty
1163:
1068:Taylor, John B.; Ryan, Paul D. (30 November 2010).
3327:United States Department of the Treasury officials
2310:
1658:
1624:
1088:
1053:. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press.
1030:. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press.
646:plan that also meets long-term objectives against
393:Magazine. Thomson Reuters lists Taylor among the "
2506:"Effects of fiscal stimulus in structural models"
1044:
515:had argued that rational expectations would make
354:, intended as a recommendation about how nominal
3248:
2504:Coenen, Guenter; et al. (September 2011).
433:in economics from Stanford University in 1973.
2434:"Why permanent tax cuts are the best stimulus"
1978:
1631:, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1627:Rational expectations and econometric practice
517:macroeconomic policy useless for stabilization
2751:
2410:"How government created the financial crisis"
1468:"Hall of 'citation laureates' (in economics)"
1238:"Hoover Institution Senior Fellow: Biography"
1923:
1652:
1650:
1497:"Past Presidents - The Mont Pelerin Society"
1403:
1401:
740:
2266:
408:
3342:United States Council of Economic Advisers
2758:
2744:
2267:Davig, Troy; Leeper, Eric M. (June 2007).
2246:
2081:
1842:
1218:. Economics One (A blog by John B. Taylor)
1212:"The Statistical Analysis of Policy Rules"
1067:
1051:Ending government bailouts as we know them
29:
2563:
2511:American Economic Journal: Microeconomics
2387:, Ottawa: Bank of Canada, pp. 1–18,
2326:
2196:
2023:
1939:
1858:
1811:
1756:
1647:
1593:
1398:
1009:, Ottawa: Bank of Canada, pp. 1–18,
860:
756:
707:
436:
3352:Fellows of the American Physical Society
2470:Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control
2227:
2086:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1695:
953:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
685:
638:" as part of overall fiscal plans, and
350:models. In a 1993 paper he proposed the
3272:George W. Bush administration personnel
2048:
474:Macroeconomic Policy in a World Economy
397:" who are likely future winners of the
3249:
2547:
2503:
2431:
2407:
2382:
2360:
2180:
2150:
2131:
2106:
1795:
1740:
1716:
1656:
1622:
1577:
1439:
1407:
1359:
1332:
1304:
1210:Taylor, John B. (September 24, 2016).
1209:
1086:
1023:
1004:
988:
967:
948:
922:
885:
844:
821:
789:
691:
596:were kept too low for too long, which
2739:
2432:Taylor, John B. (November 25, 2008).
1174:European Journal of Political Economy
1166:"Monetary exit and fiscal spillovers"
2408:Taylor, John B. (February 9, 2009).
2659:
2269:"Generalizing the Taylor Principle"
13:
3347:Member of the Mont Pelerin Society
3267:Fellows of the Econometric Society
2645:Stanford Economics Faculty Profile
1541:
1261:
1157:
654:. He stated that merely temporary
575:
521:policy-ineffectiveness proposition
14:
3363:
3332:Mackinac Center for Public Policy
2628:
1474:. Thomson-Reuters. Archived from
1335:New Keynesian economics, volume 1
1147:Members of the Hoover Institution
824:New Keynesian economics, volume 1
3337:21st-century American economists
3262:Economists from New York (state)
2675:Library of Economics and Liberty
2151:Taylor, John B. (October 1968).
1131:
1117:
2609:. June 27, 2011. Archived from
2591:
2541:
2497:
2453:
2425:
2401:
2376:
2354:
2304:
2260:
2247:Orphanides, Athanasios (2007).
2240:
2221:
2174:
2144:
2125:
2100:
2075:
2042:
2017:
1972:
1917:
1891:
1836:
1789:
1734:
1710:
1689:
1679:
1571:
1535:
1513:
1049:; Scott, Kenneth, eds. (2009).
385:In 2012 he was included in the
364:Under Secretary of the Treasury
16:American economist (born 1946).
2765:
2551:Journal of Economic Literature
2314:Quarterly Journal of Economics
2132:Taylor, John B. (April 1968).
1489:
1460:
1433:
1353:
1298:
1255:
1230:
1203:
1187:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.10.004
1:
3297:People from Yonkers, New York
1317:American Economic Association
1197:
898:American Economic Association
802:American Economic Association
368:George W. Bush administration
1982:Journal of Political Economy
1927:Journal of Political Economy
1914:and “Eviews Users Guide II.”
1744:Journal of Political Economy
1424:10.1016/0167-2231(93)90009-L
1363:Journal of Political Economy
1308:The American Economic Review
939:10.1016/0167-2231(93)90009-L
889:The American Economic Review
793:The American Economic Review
744:Journal of Political Economy
695:Journal of Political Economy
662:In a June 2011 interview on
532:New Keynesian macroeconomics
466:Journal of Political Economy
376:Council of Economic Advisors
7:
3322:Columbia University faculty
3302:Princeton University alumni
2160:Research Memorandum No. 104
1110:
548:business cycle fluctuations
401:. He was president of the
10:
3368:
3312:Stanford University alumni
2635:Taylor's Official Web Site
2483:10.1016/j.jedc.2010.01.010
2109:Handbook of macroeconomics
1472:science.thomsonreuters.com
526:Taylor then developed the
326:from 1973 to 1980 and the
3307:Shady Side Academy alumni
3277:Hoover Institution people
3220:
3057:
2909:
2791:
2775:
2724:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2059:10.1007/978-3-319-17578-2
1665:. New York: W.W. Norton.
1446:. New York: W.W. Norton.
1095:. New York: W.W. Norton.
1075:Investor's Business Daily
974:. New York: W.W. Norton.
372:Global Financial Warriors
298:
294:
290:
279:
269:
247:
235:
223:
211:
193:
183:
178:
174:
170:
142:
132:
102:
97:
93:
81:
69:
59:
48:
41:
37:
28:
21:
3292:New Keynesian economists
2693:publications indexed by
2277:American Economic Review
1657:Taylor, John B. (1993).
1440:Taylor, John B. (2007).
1087:Taylor, John B. (2012).
1024:Taylor, John B. (2009).
968:Taylor, John B. (2007).
917:Handbook of Econometrics
622:permanently keeping all
582:world economic recession
528:staggered contract model
460:under the assumption of
417:, Taylor graduated from
409:Early life and education
399:Nobel Prize in Economics
336:staggered contract model
230:Theodore Wilbur Anderson
3127:Stephany Griffith-Jones
2439:The Wall Street Journal
2415:The Wall Street Journal
2337:10.1162/003355300554692
2049:Galbács, Peter (2015).
615:The Wall Street Journal
285:IDEAS / RePEc
218:New Keynesian economics
2939:John Kenneth Galbraith
2665:"John Taylor Podcasts"
1723:Policymaker Roundtable
1559:Cite journal requires
1286:Cite journal requires
642:enacting a short-term
495:, simultaneously with
464:, including in a 1975
437:Academic contributions
242:Lawrence J. Christiano
2084:Monetary policy rules
951:Monetary policy rules
686:Selected publications
636:automatic stabilizers
541:Taylor's research on
462:rational expectations
340:rational expectations
328:Woodrow Wilson School
3029:Pavlina R. Tcherneva
2613:on November 12, 2012
2603:Bloomberg Television
2574:10.1257/jel.49.3.686
2290:10.1257/aer.97.3.607
2233:The Great Moderation
2138:Princeton University
1525:shadysideacademy.org
664:Bloomberg Television
598:then directly led to
491:In 1977, Taylor and
458:macroeconomic models
427:Princeton University
403:Mont Pelerin Society
147:Princeton University
3287:Monetary economists
3234:Keynesian economics
2783:John Maynard Keynes
1501:www.montpelerin.org
1271:Stanford University
672:quantitative easing
668:U.S. federal budget
505:Keynesian economics
405:from 2018 to 2020.
387:50 Most Influential
324:Columbia University
309:Stanford University
206:Columbia University
198:Stanford University
158:Stanford University
2934:James K. Galbraith
2871:Arthur Melvin Okun
2703:Political offices
2524:10.1257/mac.4.1.22
1529:Shady Side Academy
1264:"Curriculum vitae"
1242:Hoover Institution
425:in economics from
419:Shady Side Academy
395:citation laureates
346:—sometimes called
317:Hoover Institution
202:Hoover Institution
188:Monetary economics
3244:
3243:
3132:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
3077:Olivier Blanchard
3034:Anthony Thirlwall
2861:Franco Modigliani
2811:James Duesenberry
2734:
2733:
2725:Succeeded by
1082:on 13 April 2011.
1047:Shultz, George P.
1045:Taylor, John B.;
415:Yonkers, New York
391:Bloomberg Markets
380:George H. W. Bush
305:John Brian Taylor
302:
301:
123:Yonkers, New York
107:John Brian Taylor
3359:
3232:
3207:Michael Woodford
3197:Lawrence Summers
3152:Maurice Obstfeld
3122:Robert J. Gordon
3044:Sidney Weintraub
3024:G. L. S. Shackle
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2728:Timothy D. Adams
2711:Timothy Geithner
2708:Preceded by
2700:
2699:
2678:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2567:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2466:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2330:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2273:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2200:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1943:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1862:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1815:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1760:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1654:
1645:
1642:
1630:
1615:
1597:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1521:"Notable alumni"
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1328:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1262:Taylor, John B.
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1216:economicsone.com
1207:
1190:
1170:
1141:
1139:Economics portal
1136:
1135:
1127:
1125:Biography portal
1122:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1094:
1083:
1078:. Archived from
1064:
1041:
1020:
1001:
985:
964:
942:
909:
882:
864:
837:
813:
786:
760:
737:
711:
624:income tax rates
570:Taylor principle
536:microfoundations
313:George P. Shultz
260:E. Philip Howrey
166:
155:
120:
117:December 8, 1946
116:
114:
98:Personal details
88:Timothy D. Adams
84:
76:Timothy Geithner
72:
53:
33:
19:
18:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3216:
3192:Joseph Stiglitz
3187:Andrei Shleifer
3177:Julio Rotemberg
3107:Stanley Fischer
3092:Richard Clarida
3087:Guillermo Calvo
3053:
3049:L. Randall Wray
3039:William Vickrey
3014:Steven Pressman
2969:Nicholas Kaldor
2949:Myron J. Gordon
2911:Post-Keynesians
2905:
2821:Trygve Haavelmo
2787:
2771:
2764:
2730:
2721:
2713:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2607:Washington Post
2597:
2596:
2592:
2565:10.1.1.359.9195
2546:
2542:
2502:
2498:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2430:
2426:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2381:
2377:
2359:
2355:
2328:10.1.1.111.7984
2309:
2305:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2226:
2222:
2207:10.2307/1911962
2198:10.1.1.741.8996
2179:
2175:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2022:
2018:
1977:
1973:
1941:10.1.1.741.1432
1922:
1918:
1911:
1896:
1892:
1869:10.2307/1912057
1841:
1837:
1822:10.2307/1911962
1813:10.1.1.741.8996
1794:
1790:
1758:10.1.1.740.3676
1739:
1735:
1726:
1715:
1711:
1702:Opening Remarks
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1604:10.2307/1911962
1595:10.1.1.741.8996
1576:
1572:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1438:
1434:
1406:
1399:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1303:
1299:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1168:
1160:
1158:Further reading
1137:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1103:
1061:
1038:
1017:
982:
961:
871:10.2307/1911962
862:10.1.1.741.8996
834:
758:10.1.1.741.1432
709:10.1.1.740.3676
688:
634:incorporating "
586:Federal Reserve
578:
576:Recent research
543:monetary policy
497:Stanley Fischer
439:
421:and earned his
411:
262:
258:
254:
252:Milton Friedman
237:
225:
213:
204:
200:
179:Academic career
160:
156:
149:
133:Political party
121:
118:
112:
110:
109:
108:
82:
70:
54:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3242:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:John B. Taylor
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:Robert Shiller
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:Kenneth Rogoff
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:George Akerlof
3063:
3061:
3059:New Keynesians
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Abba P. Lerner
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Michał Kalecki
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Michael Hudson
2956:
2954:Geoff Harcourt
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Victoria Chick
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Paul Samuelson
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Robert Mundell
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Lawrence Klein
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:William Baumol
2803:
2801:Gardner Ackley
2797:
2795:
2793:Neo-Keynesians
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:Google Scholar
2691:John B. Taylor
2688:
2679:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2629:External links
2627:
2625:
2624:
2590:
2558:(3): 686–702.
2540:
2496:
2452:
2424:
2418:. p. A19.
2400:
2393:
2375:
2353:
2303:
2259:
2239:
2220:
2191:(5): 1267–86.
2173:
2143:
2124:
2117:
2099:
2092:
2074:
2067:
2041:
2034:
2026:Macroeconomics
2016:
1995:10.1086/260321
1971:
1950:10.1086/260550
1916:
1909:
1890:
1860:10.1.1.75.6815
1853:(4): 1169–85.
1835:
1806:(5): 1267–86.
1788:
1767:10.1086/260374
1751:(5): 1009–22.
1733:
1709:
1688:
1678:
1671:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1588:(5): 1267–86.
1570:
1561:|journal=
1534:
1512:
1488:
1459:
1452:
1432:
1397:
1376:10.1086/260845
1352:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1297:
1288:|journal=
1254:
1229:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1181:(A): 184–206.
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1084:
1065:
1059:
1042:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1002:
986:
980:
965:
959:
946:
920:
913:
883:
855:(5): 1267–86.
841:
840:
839:
838:
832:
815:
814:
787:
767:10.1086/260550
738:
718:10.1086/260374
702:(5): 1009–22.
687:
684:
594:interest rates
590:Alan Greenspan
577:
574:
509:Thomas Sargent
438:
435:
410:
407:
356:interest rates
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
264:Alan Greenspan
249:
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
215:
212:School or
209:
208:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
106:
104:
100:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
64:George W. Bush
61:
57:
56:
46:
45:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3364:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Living people
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Edmund Phelps
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Joan Robinson
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Bill Mitchell
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Paul Davidson
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:William Poole
2884:
2882:
2881:Bill Phillips
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Lloyd Metzler
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Walter Heller
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Robert Eisner
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2661:Roberts, Russ
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Taylor's blog
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2477:(3): 281–95.
2476:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2394:9780660199276
2390:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2321:(1): 147–80.
2320:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2284:(3): 607–35.
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2229:Bernanke, Ben
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2136:(BA thesis).
2135:
2128:
2120:
2118:9780444501585
2114:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2093:9780226791265
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2068:9783319175782
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2035:9780130557872
2031:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:(2): 241–54.
1988:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1934:(1): 163–90.
1933:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1910:9781280163388
1906:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1718:Yellen, Janet
1713:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1697:Bernanke, Ben
1692:
1682:
1674:
1672:9780393963168
1668:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1638:9780816610983
1634:
1629:
1628:
1621:Reprinted in
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1553:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1478:on 2011-12-02
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1455:
1453:9780393064483
1449:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1346:
1344:9780262631334
1340:
1336:
1331:Reprinted in
1330:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1102:9780393345452
1098:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1060:9780817911287
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1037:9780817949716
1033:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1016:9780660199276
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
983:
981:9780393064483
977:
973:
972:
966:
962:
960:9780226791265
956:
952:
947:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:
921:
918:
914:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
858:
854:
850:
849:
843:
842:
835:
833:9780262631334
829:
825:
820:Reprinted in
819:
818:
817:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
754:
751:(1): 163–90.
750:
746:
745:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
696:
690:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
588:which, under
587:
583:
573:
571:
566:
564:
563:
557:
553:
549:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:Edmund Phelps
489:
487:
483:
479:
476:, and a 1983
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:central banks
357:
353:
349:
348:new Keynesian
345:
344:sticky prices
341:
337:
332:
329:
325:
322:He taught at
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
297:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
275:
272:
270:Contributions
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
234:
231:
228:
222:
219:
216:
210:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
177:
173:
169:
164:
159:
153:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
119:(age 77)
105:
101:
96:
92:
89:
86:
80:
77:
74:
68:
65:
62:
58:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3212:Janet Yellen
3201:
3162:Ricardo Reis
3137:Paul Krugman
3117:Mark Gertler
3082:Alan Blinder
3072:Ben Bernanke
2999:Hyman Minsky
2964:Richard Kahn
2944:Wynne Godley
2896:Robert Solow
2876:Don Patinkin
2826:Alvin Hansen
2716:
2668:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2593:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2518:(1): 22–68.
2515:
2509:
2499:
2474:
2468:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2437:
2427:
2413:
2403:
2384:
2378:
2362:
2356:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2281:
2275:
2262:
2250:Taylor rules
2249:
2242:
2232:
2223:
2188:
2184:Econometrica
2182:
2176:
2159:
2146:
2133:
2127:
2108:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2050:
2044:
2025:
2019:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1900:
1893:
1850:
1846:Econometrica
1844:
1838:
1803:
1799:Econometrica
1797:
1791:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1722:
1712:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1660:
1626:
1585:
1581:Econometrica
1579:
1573:
1552:cite journal
1537:
1524:
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1471:
1462:
1442:
1435:
1415:
1409:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1334:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1279:cite journal
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1205:
1178:
1172:
1090:
1080:the original
1073:
1050:
1026:
1006:
990:
970:
950:
930:
924:
916:
893:
887:
852:
848:Econometrica
846:
823:
797:
791:
748:
742:
699:
693:
679:
676:Paul Krugman
661:
652:inefficiency
639:
631:
627:
619:
613:
611:
579:
569:
567:
560:
555:
552:Taylor curve
551:
540:
525:
513:Neil Wallace
490:
478:Econometrica
477:
473:
470:Econometrica
469:
465:
455:
451:Janet Yellen
447:Ben Bernanke
440:
412:
384:
371:
333:
321:
304:
303:
256:Paul Volcker
194:Institutions
83:Succeeded by
50:
3257:1946 births
3172:David Romer
3147:Marc Melitz
3142:Greg Mankiw
3097:Brad DeLong
3009:Basil Moore
2989:Marc Lavoie
2929:Evsey Domar
2901:James Tobin
2851:James Meade
2682:Appearances
1418:: 195–214.
1370:(1): 1–23.
1319:: 108–113.
933:: 195–214.
804:: 108–113.
602:Freddie Mac
562:Taylor rule
443:Taylor rule
378:during the
370:. His book
352:Taylor rule
281:Information
274:Taylor rule
71:Preceded by
23:John Taylor
3251:Categories
3112:Jordi GalĂ
2984:Jan Kregel
2979:Steve Keen
2841:John Hicks
2831:Roy Harrod
2768:Keynesians
2722:2001–2005
1506:2023-10-22
1482:2011-09-29
1247:27 October
1222:October 2,
1198:References
900:: 950–59.
626:the same,
606:Fannie Mae
311:, and the
248:Influences
137:Republican
113:1946-12-08
3102:Huw Dixon
2560:CiteSeerX
2532:154561165
2371:170267547
2323:CiteSeerX
2193:CiteSeerX
2011:154301791
1936:CiteSeerX
1885:122888958
1855:CiteSeerX
1808:CiteSeerX
1753:CiteSeerX
1590:CiteSeerX
1392:154446910
999:170267547
857:CiteSeerX
753:CiteSeerX
704:CiteSeerX
214:tradition
143:Education
60:President
55:2001–2005
51:In office
2670:EconTalk
2617:June 30,
2582:23071727
2491:14892522
2445:June 30,
2298:30035014
2231:(2004).
2168:22687344
1966:14729818
1720:(2007).
1699:(2007).
1111:See also
783:14729818
656:tax cuts
644:stimulus
413:Born in
389:list of
238:students
236:Doctoral
224:Doctoral
3221:Related
2776:Founder
2345:5448436
2215:1911962
2003:1830921
1958:1828334
1877:1912057
1830:1911962
1783:8603588
1775:1830083
1612:1911962
1384:1830957
1325:1801626
906:1805774
879:1911962
810:1801626
775:1828334
734:8603588
726:1830083
226:advisor
2686:C-SPAN
2580:
2562:
2530:
2489:
2391:
2369:
2343:
2325:
2296:
2213:
2195:
2166:
2115:
2090:
2065:
2032:
2009:
2001:
1964:
1956:
1938:
1907:
1883:
1875:
1857:
1828:
1810:
1781:
1773:
1755:
1686:Policy
1669:
1635:
1610:
1592:
1450:
1390:
1382:
1341:
1323:
1099:
1057:
1034:
1013:
997:
978:
957:
904:
877:
859:
830:
808:
781:
773:
755:
732:
724:
706:
501:sticky
486:EViews
482:Dynare
2605:thru
2578:JSTOR
2528:S2CID
2487:S2CID
2465:(PDF)
2341:S2CID
2294:JSTOR
2272:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
2211:JSTOR
2156:(PDF)
2007:S2CID
1999:JSTOR
1962:S2CID
1954:JSTOR
1881:S2CID
1873:JSTOR
1826:JSTOR
1779:S2CID
1771:JSTOR
1727:(PDF)
1608:JSTOR
1388:S2CID
1380:JSTOR
1321:JSTOR
1315:(2).
1267:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
902:JSTOR
896:(5).
875:JSTOR
806:JSTOR
800:(2).
779:S2CID
771:JSTOR
730:S2CID
722:JSTOR
648:waste
184:Field
2619:2011
2587:Pdf.
2537:Pdf.
2447:2011
2421:Pdf.
2389:ISBN
2367:OCLC
2350:Pdf.
2164:OCLC
2113:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1667:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1617:Pdf.
1565:help
1448:ISBN
1429:Pdf.
1339:ISBN
1292:help
1249:2011
1224:2016
1192:PDF.
1097:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1011:ISBN
995:OCLC
976:ISBN
955:ISBN
944:Pdf.
911:Pdf.
828:ISBN
650:and
604:and
511:and
484:and
342:and
127:U.S.
103:Born
2684:on
2570:doi
2520:doi
2479:doi
2333:doi
2319:115
2286:doi
2203:doi
2055:doi
1991:doi
1946:doi
1865:doi
1818:doi
1763:doi
1600:doi
1420:doi
1372:doi
1183:doi
935:doi
867:doi
763:doi
714:doi
640:(d)
632:(c)
628:(b)
620:(a)
431:PhD
283:at
163:PhD
3253::
2673:.
2667:.
2663:.
2601:.
2576:.
2568:.
2556:49
2554:.
2526:.
2514:.
2508:.
2485:.
2475:34
2473:.
2467:.
2436:.
2412:.
2339:.
2331:.
2317:.
2292:.
2282:97
2280:.
2274:.
2209:.
2201:.
2189:47
2187:.
2158:.
2061:.
2005:.
1997:.
1987:83
1985:.
1960:.
1952:.
1944:.
1932:85
1930:.
1879:.
1871:.
1863:.
1851:51
1849:.
1824:.
1816:.
1804:47
1802:.
1777:.
1769:.
1761:.
1749:83
1747:.
1649:^
1606:.
1598:.
1586:47
1584:.
1556::
1554:}}
1550:{{
1527:.
1523:.
1499:.
1470:.
1416:39
1414:.
1400:^
1386:.
1378:.
1368:88
1366:.
1313:69
1311:.
1283::
1281:}}
1277:{{
1269:.
1240:.
1214:.
1179:40
1177:.
1171:.
1072:.
931:39
929:.
894:70
892:.
873:.
865:.
853:47
851:.
798:69
796:.
777:.
769:.
761:.
749:85
747:.
728:.
720:.
712:.
700:83
698:.
538:.
523:.
488:.
423:AB
319:.
152:BA
125:,
115:)
2759:e
2752:t
2745:v
2677:.
2621:.
2584:.
2572::
2534:.
2522::
2516:4
2493:.
2481::
2449:.
2397:.
2347:.
2335::
2300:.
2288::
2235:.
2217:.
2205::
2170:.
2140:.
2121:.
2096:.
2071:.
2057::
2038:.
2013:.
1993::
1968:.
1948::
1887:.
1867::
1832:.
1820::
1785:.
1765::
1729:.
1705:.
1675:.
1641:.
1614:.
1602::
1567:)
1563:(
1546:.
1531:.
1509:.
1485:.
1456:.
1426:.
1422::
1394:.
1374::
1347:.
1327:.
1294:)
1290:(
1273:.
1251:.
1226:.
1189:.
1185::
1105:.
1063:.
1040:.
1019:.
984:.
963:.
941:.
937::
908:.
881:.
869::
836:.
812:.
785:.
765::
736:.
716::
165:)
161:(
154:)
150:(
111:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
