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370:(spherical, or nearly so), with a diameter of 4–8 mm. Following leaf drop, fruits persist on the tree throughout the winter producing a showy winter sight against the bare branches. While they have reached maturity by autumn, producing 3-5 seeds each, it is not until the spring, after they've been exposed to freezing and thawing, that the bitter fruits become a favorite food source of many birds and mammals.
557:
ornamentally as a shrub or small tree in varied landscape uses and is well suited to backyard gardens. As possumhaw tolerates wet soil and is often found wild in wet woods, it is also an excellent candidate to stabilise stream beds or for the banks of water retention ponds. Arborists may recommend this plant for parking lot buffer strips and islands, highway median strip plantings, or near decks and patios.
1219:
556:
lends it to various ornamental and functional uses in its native regions. The thick trunks and stems allow this plant to serve as an effective screen if desired. The lower branches can also be removed to form a more tidy small tree with a tight head of foliage at the crown. This plant can be used
487:
and the margins of swamps or lakes, and grows at elevations up to about 360 m. It can often be found on limestone glades and bluffs, along streams in wet woods, and in lowland valleys, sloughs and swamps. Other plant species with which possumhaw is associated include water tupelo
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grows many thin trunks and stems in a clumping fashion If left un-managed it will develop a large spreading mound of foliage up to 30' in the wild.
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This is an upright shrub or small tree that is typically between 10 and 15 feet at maturity though it may grow larger provided partial shade.
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797:"Ilex decidua (Possumhaw, Possum-haw, Possum Haw Holly, Possumhaw Holly, Swamp Holly) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
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Glossy bright red fruit in such abundance that the branches are arched. Silvery bark and dark green leaves throughout much of the season
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that are 2–8 mm long. Its "distinctive leaf shape... is less variable than other species of holly". Leaves are
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Possumhaw wood is not considered to be commercially useful because of the tree's small size.
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is "light brown to gray" in color and may be smooth or "warty and roughened". Slender
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1130:(Second ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 130.
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From March to May small white flowers bloom among the leaves which produce small
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fruits ripening in early autumn. Fruits are red (or rarely yellow), shiny, and
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Vigorous growth with very glossy bright red fruit and broader leaves which
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The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region
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among their recommendations for bird-safe outdoor holiday decorations
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which remain attractive until plant is again in full leaf
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potentially well suited for planting in highway medians.
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Unique male pollinator which resembles 'Warren's Red'
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10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T122927419A122927594.en
941:
1153:"How Bird-Friendly Are Your Holiday Decorations?"
1617:
1083:. Florida Department of Environmental Protection
619:persistent orange-red fruit well into the winter
940:Duncan, Wilbur H. and Marion B. Duncan (1988).
851:"ILEX DECIDUA 'BYERS GOLDEN' GOLDEN POSSUMHAW1"
896:Brown, Claud L.; L. Katherine Kirkman (1990).
662:Average 7 feet height with orange-red fruits
337:Distinguishing features of this species are
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392:is a common plant, growing in the US in
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1061:United States Department of Agriculture
1052:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1023:United States Department of Agriculture
979:
977:
944:Trees of the Southeastern United States
868:
707:ultivars can also be pollinated by any
536:
1618:
1100:
1081:"FDEP Featured Plant: Florida Hollies"
1018:Natural Resources Conservation Service
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564:, this tree is often used as a winter
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599:Fruit bearing (Requires a pollinator)
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1105:. New York: Knopf. pp. 561–62.
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898:Trees of Georgia and Adjacent States
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1626:IUCN Red List least concern species
742:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
647:Unique narrow columnar growth habit
13:
1577:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30032254-2
1170:
1151:Wallington, Natalie (4 Dec 2020).
1128:Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri
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14:
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468:. It also grows in the northern
326:and silvery gray, with numerous
75:
1144:
1119:
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1:
1057:Agricultural Research Service
717:
605:Ilex decidua 'Byer's Golden'-
1245:Dendrology at Virginia Tech:
1193:. 2013-06-06. Archived from
572:may be collected for use as
330:, pointed lateral buds, and
7:
954:University of Georgia Press
631:Ilex decidua 'Pocahontas' -
613:Ilex decidua 'Council Fire'
10:
1657:
1101:Little, Elbert L. (1980).
749:: e.T122927419A122927594.
560:Because of its attractive
1641:Trees of Northern America
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72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
529:also feed on the fruit.
374:Distribution and ecology
1191:Simpson Nursery Company
533:browse on young twigs.
689:Pollinators (No Fruit)
626:Ilex decidua 'Pendula'
580:specifically included
549:
386:
307:
1253:NC State University:
1228:at Wikimedia Commons
671:Many large red fruits
574:Christmas decorations
544:
509:Platanus occidentalis
381:
302:
1009:"PLANTS Profile for
912:. pp. 178–179.
731:Stritch, L. (2018).
552:The growth habit of
537:Cultivation and uses
857:. UF IFAS Extension
801:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
525:and small mammals.
521:The fruits attract
483:It prefers land in
42:Conservation status
1261:2013-10-03 at the
1126:Kurz, Don (2004).
849:Gilman, Edward F.
594:Selected cultivars
550:
548:with red "berries"
512:), and hackberry (
503:Taxodium distichum
387:
308:
283:) is a species of
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1533:Open Tree of Life
1274:Taxon identifiers
1222:Media related to
855:edis.ifas.ufl.edu
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650:averaging 20 feet
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500:), bald cypress (
277:"deciduous holly"
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1234:Data related to
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681:'Warren's Red'-
673:
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669:'Red Cascade' -
661:
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566:ornamental plant
494:), overcup oak (
402:Washington, D.C.
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16:Species of holly
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705:IIlex decidua c
697:'Red Escort' -
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578:Audubon society
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185:I. decidua
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1187:"ILEX Decidua"
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497:Quercus lyrata
491:Nyssa aquatica
454:South Carolina
446:North Carolina
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271:, also called
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695:IIlex decidua
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660:'Sundance' -
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289:United States
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281:"swamp holly"
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238:(Fern.) Small
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194:Binomial name
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161:Aquifoliaceae
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57:Least Concern
47:
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26:
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1312:Ilex decidua
1282:Ilex decidua
1281:
1255:Ilex decidua
1254:
1247:Ilex decidua
1246:
1237:Ilex decidua
1236:
1225:Ilex decidua
1224:
1216:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:the original
1190:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1127:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1085:. Retrieved
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1050:
1045:Ilex decidua
1044:
1037:
1026:. Retrieved
1016:
1013:(possumhaw)"
1011:Ilex decidua
1010:
1003:
992:. Retrieved
989:(Possumhaw)"
987:Ilex decidua
986:
943:
910:Timber Press
897:
859:. Retrieved
854:
804:. Retrieved
800:
760:. Retrieved
746:
740:
735:Ilex decidua
734:
726:
708:
704:
694:
679:Ilex decidua
678:
667:Ilex decidua
666:
658:Ilex decidua
657:
643:Ilex decidua
642:
630:
625:
612:
608:Yellow Fruit
604:
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546:Ilex decidua
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390:Ilex decidua
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383:
361:
344:margins and
336:
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305:Ilex decidua
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269:meadow holly
268:
264:Ilex decidua
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242:Ilex decidua
241:
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203:Ilex decidua
202:
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151:Aquifoliales
134:
121:
108:
95:
25:Ilex decidua
24:
18:
1551:tro-2000311
1507:NatureServe
1429:iNaturalist
1306:Wikispecies
956:. pp.
762:20 November
713:pollinators
645:'Sentry' -
485:floodplains
442:Mississippi
382:Drawing of
328:spur shoots
295:Description
273:"possumhaw"
115:Angiosperms
1620:Categories
1546:Plant List
1447:30032254-2
1201:2021-08-08
1087:2009-07-14
1066:2009-07-14
1028:2009-07-14
994:2009-07-14
861:2021-08-08
806:2021-08-08
718:References
710:Ilex opaca
582:I. decidua
554:I. decidua
472:states of
312:I. decidua
303:Leaves of
1486:122927419
1395:242416688
636:defoliate
562:"berries"
523:songbirds
474:Chihuahua
458:Tennessee
430:Louisiana
357:deciduous
332:acuminate
251:curtissii
179:Species:
85:Kingdom:
1585:Tropicos
1512:2.143868
1460:10702790
1297:Q5997670
1291:Wikidata
1259:Archived
1162:8 August
902:Portland
570:branches
478:Coahuila
466:Virginia
450:Oklahoma
438:Missouri
434:Maryland
426:Kentucky
414:Illinois
398:Arkansas
349:pedicels
346:fruiting
334:scales.
324:glabrous
227:Synonyms
157:Family:
141:Asterids
128:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
1590:2000311
1494:MoBotPF
1408:5414259
985:"NPIN:
958:304–305
638:earlier
518:spp.).
418:Indiana
410:Georgia
406:Florida
394:Alabama
368:globose
353:obovate
339:crenate
167:Genus:
147:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
1559:PLANTS
1538:676165
1499:276160
1434:120006
1382:iledec
1379:FEIS:
1359:582651
1320:AoFP:
1134:
1109:
964:
952:: The
916:
906:Oregon
576:. The
515:Celtis
470:Mexico
464:, and
422:Kansas
245:Walter
210:Walter
1525:53201
1473:27998
1455:IRMNG
1421:19700
1372:ILEDE
1346:3PFCN
1330:APA:
462:Texas
364:Drupe
320:twigs
285:holly
254:Fern.
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
1631:Ilex
1572:POWO
1564:ILDE
1520:NCBI
1481:IUCN
1468:ITIS
1442:IPNI
1416:GRIN
1403:GBIF
1367:EPPO
1323:3179
1164:2021
1132:ISBN
1107:ISBN
962:ISBN
914:ISBN
764:2021
747:2018
568:and
531:Deer
476:and
342:leaf
322:are
316:Bark
248:var.
172:Ilex
1598:WFO
1390:FNA
1354:EoL
1341:CoL
1333:425
751:doi
279:or
1622::
1600::
1587::
1574::
1561::
1548::
1535::
1522::
1509::
1496::
1483::
1470::
1457::
1444::
1431::
1418::
1405::
1392::
1369::
1356::
1343::
1308::
1293::
1189:.
1172:^
1155:.
1059:,
1055:.
1049:.
1021:.
1015:.
976:^
960:.
948:.
928:^
908::
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900:.
870:^
853:.
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799:.
772:^
745:.
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460:,
456:,
452:,
448:,
444:,
440:,
436:,
432:,
428:,
424:,
420:,
416:,
412:,
408:,
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400:,
396:,
291:.
275:,
137::
124::
111::
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1166:.
1140:.
1115:.
1090:.
1069:.
1047:"
1043:"
1031:.
997:.
970:.
922:.
864:.
809:.
766:.
753::
737:"
733:"
615:-
586:.
488:(
267:(
64:)
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