67:
53:
236:
261:
82:
343:. By January 1938, Mussolini had doubled the number of bombers stationed in the Balearics and increased bomber attacks on shipping headed to support Spanish Republican forces. The buildup of Italian bomber aircraft on the island's airfields and increased Italian air attacks on Republican-held ports and shipping headed to Republican ports was viewed by
297:. The Italians sought to control the Balearic Islands because of their strategic position, from which they could disrupt lines of communication between France and its North African colonies, and between British Gibraltar and Malta. Italian flags were flown over the island. Italian forces dominated Majorca, with Italians openly manning the airfields at
338:
Italian forces launched air raids from
Majorca against Republican-held cities on mainland Spain. Initially Mussolini only authorized a weak force of Italian bomber aircraft to be based in Majorca in 1936 to avoid antagonizing Britain and France. However the lack of resolve by the British and French
611:
320:
and initiated a brutal reign of terror, arranging the murder of 3,000 people accused of being communists, and emptying
Majorca's prisons by having all prisoners shot. In the aftermath of the
645:
Robert H. Whealey. Hitler And Spain: The Nazi Role in the
Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Paperback edition. Lexington, Kentucky, USA: University of Kentucky Press, 2005. Pp. 62.
636:
Robert H. Whealey. Hitler And Spain: The Nazi Role in the
Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Paperback edition. Lexington, Kentucky, USA: University of Kentucky Press, 2005. Pp. 62.
390:
665:
339:
to Italy's strategy in the region, encouraged
Mussolini to deploy twelve more bombers to be stationed in Majorca, including one aircraft flown by his son,
660:
308:
authorized "volunteers" to go to Spain, resulting in the seizure of the largest
Balearic island of Majorca by a force under Fascist Blackshirt leader
351:
355:
414:, Mussolini issued an order on April 11 or 12 1939, to withdraw all Italian forces from Spain. Mussolini issued this order in response to
66:
595:
Reynolds
Mathewson Salerno. Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935-1940. Cornell University, 2002. Pp. 32.
586:
Reynolds
Mathewson Salerno. Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935-1940. Cornell University, 2002. Pp. 29.
577:
Reynolds
Mathewson Salerno. Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935-1940. Cornell University, 2002. Pp. 32.
568:
Reynolds
Mathewson Salerno. Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935-1940. Cornell University, 2002. Pp. 32.
370:
The colonization of the Balearic Islands with 100 000 Italians and a similar quantity in Peninsular Spain plus one or two air bases.
670:
675:
685:
680:
695:
419:
546:
Mr. Ray Moseley. Mussolini's Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano. Yale University Press, 2000. Pp. 27.
524:
Mr. Ray Moseley. Mussolini's Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano. Yale University Press, 2000. Pp. 27.
502:
Mr. Ray Moseley. Mussolini's Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano. Yale University Press, 2000. Pp. 27.
493:
Mr. Ray Moseley. Mussolini's Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano. Yale University Press, 2000. Pp. 27.
52:
58:
407:
690:
612:"El plan más descabellado de la República: ceder Baleares a Mussolini para que no apoyase a Franco"
241:
309:
155:
462:
John J. Mearsheimer. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. W. W. Norton & Company, 2003.
8:
129:
375:
36:
285:. Italy intervened in the war with the intention of annexing the Balearic Islands and
431:
379:
321:
282:
92:
325:
305:
88:
32:
354:, in 1937 the desperate Republican government contacted Italian diplomats through
362:
340:
254:
383:
110:
316:
in the Balearics, Bonaccorsi proclaimed that Italy would occupy the island in
654:
394:
301:
and Palma, as well as Italian warships being based in the harbour of Palma.
415:
290:
332:
559:. Routledge, London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: 1999. p. 172.
515:. London, England, UK; Portland, Oregon, USA: FRANK CASS, 1999. Pp. 155.
475:. Routledge, London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: 1999. p. 172.
406:
After Franco's victory in the civil war, and several days after Italy's
317:
382:
remembered that the government evaluated offering the Balearic or the
335:. Bonaccorsi was later rewarded by Italy for his activity in Majorca.
298:
313:
136:
81:
411:
312:(also known as "Count Rossi"). Sent to Majorca to act as Italian
16:
Part of the Fascist Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil War
344:
378:, the Republic ambassador to France. In 1950, former minister
358:
to negotiate Italian neutrality. The Italian conditions were:
294:
286:
99:
Light blue: Italian / Spanish Nationalist-occupied territory.
367:
100 million dollars to cover Italian expenses in the war
453:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. 246.
557:
Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century
535:
The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean
473:
Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century
652:
374:This last condition was the most admissible for
666:States and territories disestablished in 1939
398:
101:Grey: Spanish Republican-occupied territory.
605:
603:
601:
661:States and territories established in 1936
80:
397:area of Majorca through a proxy society,
609:
598:
324:, Bonaccorsi renamed the main street of
304:Prior to all-out intervention by Italy,
653:
513:Spain and the Mediterranean Since 1898
97:Majorca is the large central island.
13:
14:
707:
537:. Oxford University Press. p. 604
420:action of invading Czechoslovakia
331:, and adorned it with statues of
259:
234:
65:
51:
676:History of the Balearic Islands
639:
630:
589:
580:
571:
562:
549:
540:
610:Barreira, David (2022-05-21).
527:
518:
505:
496:
487:
478:
465:
456:
451:The Oxford handbook of fascism
443:
1:
437:
279:Italian occupation of Majorca
686:Italian military occupations
681:1936 establishments in Spain
671:Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
391:Italian Ministry of Finances
7:
425:
393:bought a big estate in the
10:
712:
213:
209:
205:
201:
191:
181:
177:
169:
165:
161:
149:
145:
135:
123:
116:
106:
79:
47:
42:
31:
21:
533:Abulafia, David. 2001.
350:According to historian
242:Second Spanish Republic
484:LIFE 22 November 1937.
399:
310:Arconovaldo Bonaccorsi
281:lasted throughout the
193:• Disestablished
156:Arconovaldo Bonaccorsi
696:Italy–Spain relations
618:(in European Spanish)
449:R. J. B. Bosworth.
183:• Established
410:in the Balkans of
400:Celulosa Hispánica
37:occupied territory
691:Spanish Civil War
432:Spanish Civil War
386:to Nazi Germany.
380:Federica Montseny
347:as provocative.
322:Battle of Majorca
283:Spanish Civil War
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
247:
246:
125: • Type
93:Spanish Civil War
703:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
607:
596:
593:
587:
584:
578:
575:
569:
566:
560:
553:
547:
544:
538:
531:
525:
522:
516:
509:
503:
500:
494:
491:
485:
482:
476:
469:
463:
460:
454:
447:
402:
376:Luis Araquistáin
326:Palma de Majorca
306:Benito Mussolini
263:
262:
251:
250:
238:
237:
231:
230:
215:
214:
126:
102:
89:Balearic Islands
84:
69:
55:
19:
18:
711:
710:
706:
705:
704:
702:
701:
700:
651:
650:
649:
644:
640:
635:
631:
621:
619:
608:
599:
594:
590:
585:
581:
576:
572:
567:
563:
554:
550:
545:
541:
532:
528:
523:
519:
510:
506:
501:
497:
492:
488:
483:
479:
470:
466:
461:
457:
448:
444:
440:
428:
363:Spanish Morocco
352:Manuel Aguilera
341:Bruno Mussolini
289:and creating a
260:
255:Francoist Spain
235:
194:
184:
173:Interwar period
152:
124:
100:
98:
96:
86:
85:
75:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
56:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
709:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
648:
647:
638:
629:
597:
588:
579:
570:
561:
548:
539:
526:
517:
504:
495:
486:
477:
464:
455:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
427:
424:
384:Canary Islands
372:
371:
368:
365:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
257:
248:
245:
244:
239:
227:
226:
221:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:Historical era
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
77:
76:
71:
64:
63:
57:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
40:
39:
29:
28:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
708:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
642:
633:
617:
613:
606:
604:
602:
592:
583:
574:
565:
558:
552:
543:
536:
530:
521:
514:
511:Raanan Rein.
508:
499:
490:
481:
474:
468:
459:
452:
446:
442:
433:
430:
429:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
401:
396:
392:
389:In 1938, the
387:
385:
381:
377:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
336:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
258:
256:
253:
252:
249:
243:
240:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
190:
186:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
154:
148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
94:
90:
83:
78:
68:
60:
54:
46:
41:
38:
34:
30:
26:
20:
641:
632:
620:. Retrieved
615:
591:
582:
573:
564:
556:
555:S. Balfour.
551:
542:
534:
529:
520:
512:
507:
498:
489:
480:
472:
471:S. Balfour.
467:
458:
450:
445:
405:
388:
373:
356:José Chapiro
349:
337:
333:Roman eagles
328:
303:
291:client state
278:
276:
224:Succeeded by
223:
218:
151:• 1936
72:Coat of arms
24:
219:Preceded by
91:during the
655:Categories
438:References
418:'s sudden
395:S'Albufera
318:perpetuity
130:Occupation
117:Government
422:in 1939.
314:proconsul
137:Proconsul
43:1936–1939
426:See also
408:conquest
329:Via Roma
416:Germany
412:Albania
299:AlcĂşdia
107:Capital
33:Italian
25:Majorca
22:Majorca
622:22 May
345:France
141:
295:Spain
287:Ceuta
111:Palma
624:2022
277:The
197:1939
187:1936
87:The
59:Flag
616:MSN
293:in
657::
614:.
600:^
403:.
626:.
95:.
35:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_crowned.svg)
.svg)
