1220:
225:
4681:
3311:
Head of the
Department for Foreign Relations informs the King of developments in international policy, assists the King from a diplomatic viewpoint on royal visits abroad and prepares the King's audiences in the international field. He is also responsible for maintaining contacts with foreign diplomatic missions. The Head of the Department of Petitions is charged with processing petitions and requests for social aid addressed the King, the Queen or other members of the royal family. He is also responsible for the analysis and coordination of royal favours and activities relating to jubilees, and advises the King in the fields for which he is responsible.
1892:
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1654:
1649:
1633:
2087:
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356:
206:
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2494:
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1627:
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2933:, the submission of bills to the Federal Parliament and the management of international relations. The monarch sanctions and promulgates all laws passed by Parliament. In accordance with Article 106 of the Belgian Constitution, the monarch is required to exercise his powers through the ministers. His acts are not valid without the countersignature of the responsible minister, who in doing so assumes political responsibility for the act in question. This means that federal executive power is exercised in practice by the
439:
6904:
6848:
7100:
3185:
1326:
and that of a father, or more generally, of parents in a family. The family is, of course, a legal institution as is the state. But what would a family be where everything was limited among those who compose it to simply legal relationships? In a family when one considers only legal relationships one comes very close to a breakdown in the moral ties founded on reciprocal affection without which a family would be like any other fragile association" According to Arango,
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7002:
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3116:
45:
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1393:. The Belgian monarchy is closer to the principle "the King does not rule", but the Belgian kings were not only "at the head of the dignified part of the Constitution". The Belgian monarchy is not merely symbolic, because it participates in directing affairs of state insofar as the King's will coincides with that of the ministers, who alone bear responsibility for the policy of government. For
3246:
Belgian life; proposes and prepares audiences; assists in preparing speeches and informs the King about developments in international affairs. The Chief of
Cabinet is assisted by the Deputy and Legal Adviser, the Press Adviser and the Archivist. The incumbent Chief of Cabinet is Baron Frans Van Daele, former Chief of Cabinet of President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy.
2992:
2842:("of Belgium"), depending upon which of the country's three official languages (Dutch, French, and German) is in use. It is this family name which is used on the identity cards and in all official documents by Belgium's royalty (e.g. marriage licenses). In addition to this change of name, the armorial bearings of Saxony were removed from the Belgian royal coat of arms (
3303:
advises the King in the field of energy, sciences and culture and administers the King's hunting rights. The
Commandant of the Royal Palaces is mainly in charge, in close cooperation with the Chief of Protocol, of the logistic support of activities and the maintenance and cleaning of the Palaces, Castles and Residences. He is also Director of the Royal Hunts.
1455:. The latest royal decree therefore reverses previous changes made to the Royal versions of the coat arms which removed the armorial bearings of Saxony during the First World War. By including the three official languages in the motto it reflects his wish "to be the King of the whole Kingdom and of all Belgians".;. The national
3648:, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, whom she married on 22 September 1984 and who was created a prince of Belgium in 1995. Princess Astrid, with her own descendants, is before her brother Laurent in the order of succession to the Belgian throne, due to the 1991 act of succession mentioned above. They have five children:
3262:. He organises the King's contacts with the Armed Forces, advises in the fields of scientific research and police and coordinates matters with patriotic associations and former service personnel. The Military Household is also responsible for managing the Palace's computer system. The Head of the Military Household is a
2945:
right to advise, and the right to warn on any matter as the monarch sees fit. The monarch also holds meetings with the leaders of all the major political parties and regular members of parliament. All of these meetings are organised by the monarch's personal political cabinet which is part of the Royal
Household.
3801:. Her first marriage, to Paul Drucker (Toronto, Ontario, 1 November 1937 – 1 April 2008) in Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County, Florida, on 23 May 1981, lasted 40 days (though they weren't formally divorced till 1985); she subsequently married Jean-Paul Gourges in Los Angeles, California, on 28 September 1989.
1380:
Unlike the
British constitutional system, in Belgium "the monarchy underwent a belated evolution" which came "after the establishment of the constitutional monarchical system" because, in 1830–1831, an independent state, parliamentary system and monarchy were established simultaneously. Hans Daalder,
1372:
of 1776, and the old political traditions of both
Walloon and Flemish provinces. "It should be observed that all monarchies have suffered periods of change as a result of which the power of the sovereign was reduced, but for the most part those periods occurred before the development of the system of
1325:
of
Leopold III from 1934 to 1940), thought the King's oath to the Constitution implied a royal position "over and above the Constitution". He compared the King to a father, the head of a family, "Regarding the moral mission of the king, it is permissible to point to a certain analogy between his role
5522:
Il décide le 22 avril 1921 de ne plus porter ses titres de comte de Saxe et prince de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, mais n'abandonne pas ses qualités et titres officiels allemands, tout comme
Elisabeth garde son titre de duchesse en Bavière. Leur fils, Léopold III, les reprendra plus tard, ces titres n'ayant
3310:
The Head of the
Department for Economic, Social and Cultural Affairs advises the King in the economic, social and cultural fields. He is also responsible for providing coordination between the various Households and Services and for organising and minuting the meetings of the Steering Committee. The
3245:
The King's Chief of
Cabinet is responsible for dealing with political and administrative matters and for maintaining the relations with the government, trade unions and industrial circles. In relation to the King, the Chief assists in keeping track of current events; informs regarding all aspects of
2944:
The monarch receives the prime minister at the Palace of Brussels at least once a week, and also regularly calls other members of the government to the palace in order to discuss political matters. During these meetings, the monarch has the right to be informed of proposed governmental policies, the
3306:
The Chief of Protocol is charged with organising the public engagements of the King and the Queen, such as audiences, receptions and official banquets at the Palace, as well as formal activities outside of the Palace. He is assisted by the Queen's Secretary, who is mainly responsible for proposing
3023:
However, it is important to note that the principle of inviolability does not extend to the actions of the monarch outside of their official duties. If a monarch commits a crime or engages in unlawful activities outside of their role as head of state, they can still be held legally accountable for
2956:
and makes appointments to the higher positions. The names of the nominees are sent to the monarch by the Ministry of Defence. The monarch's military duties are carried out with the help of the Military Household which is headed by a General office. Belgians may write to the monarch when they meet
1181:
Since he is bound by the Constitution (above all other ideological and religious considerations, political opinions and debates and economic interests) the King is intended to act as an arbiter and guardian of Belgian national unity and independence. Belgium's monarchs are inaugurated in a purely
1373:
constitutional monarchy and were steps leading to its establishment." The characteristic evidence of this is in Great Britain where there was an evolution from the time when kings ruled through the agency of ministers to that time when ministers began to govern through the instrumentality of the
3302:
The Intendant of the King's Civil List is responsible for managing the material, financial and human resources of the King's Household. He is assisted by the Commandant of the Royal Palaces, the Treasurer of the King's Civil List and the Civil List Adviser. The Intendant of the Civil List also
3019:
According to this principle, the King or Queen cannot be held responsible for their actions as monarch, nor can they be subjected to legal proceedings during their reign. This is intended to ensure that the monarch can perform their duties without fear of political interference or retribution.
3298:
are senior officers chosen by the monarch and charged with carrying out certain tasks on his behalf, such as representing him at events. The King's Equerries are young officers who take turns preparing the King's activities, informing him about all the aspects that may be important to him and
3027:
In Belgium, the principle of inviolability is seen as an important safeguard for the constitutional monarchy, which is a key component of the country's political system. It is also seen as a way to ensure that the monarch can act as a unifying figure for the country, representing all Belgians
3540:. The royal decree also automatically granted the title to the princesses who joined the Belgian royal family by their marriage to a Prince of Belgium. This royal decree was amended by the Royal Decree of 2 December 1991, which reserved the title for the direct male and female descendants of
3548:
on 24 November 2015, abolished the aforementioned Royal Decree of 1991, and restricts new grants of this title to the children and grandchildren of the reigning monarch, and to the children and grandchildren of the crownprince(ss). The spouse of a Prince or Princess of Belgium is no longer
3040:
The Court still keeps some old traditions, most famous is the tradition that the Reigning King of the Belgians becomes the godfather of a seventh son and the Queen the godmother of a seventh daughter. The child is then given the name of the Sovereign and receives a gift from the palace and
1385:
wrote: "Did such simultaneous developments not result in a possible failure to lay down the limits of the royal prerogatives with some precision—which implied that the view of the King as the Keeper of the Nation, with rights and duties of its own, retained legitimacy?"
3097:
saw Flanders voting strongly in favour of King Leopold III returning, whereas Wallonia was largely against. However, in recent decades these roles have reversed, as religiosity in Flanders has decreased and the King is seen as protecting the country against
3729:. After winning a paternity case in 2020, she and her children were elevated to the rank of prince/princess of Belgium by a court ruling on 1 October 2020. She has been in a relationship with James O'Hare since 2000. They have one daughter and one son:
3257:
The Head of the King's Military Household assists the King in fulfilling his duties in the field of defence. He informs the King about all matters of security, defence policy, the views of Belgium's main partner countries and all aspects of the
1243:
were made public, causing the Free State to be taken over by the Belgian Government. Many Congolese were killed as a result of Leopold's policies in the Congo before the reforms of direct Belgian rule. The Free State scandal is discussed at the
2918:" by the monarch. After the general election the Informateur officially informs the monarch of the main political formations which may be available for governance. After this phase, the monarch can appoint another "informateur" or appoint a "
5157:...dirigeant personnellement les Affaires étrangères, comme un souverain d'Ancien Régime, en discutant toutes les questions importantes avec ses ministres, ceux-ci n'ayant d'autorité que pour autant qu'ils étaient ministres du roi...
5474:
Certains étrangers croient – ils le disent souvent – que le maintien de l'unité belge tient à la personne du Roi. Cela est d'une grande naïveté. Il n'est qu'une pièce sur l'échiquier. Mais, sur l'échiquier, le Roi est une pièce qui
1450:
escutcheon. The arms of other members of the royal family was similarly modified. The reinstatement of the shield of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha into the royal arms occurred shortly after the visit of the king and queen to the ancestral
5427:
Elle n'est pas purement symbolique, car elle participe à la direction des affaires de l'Etat dans la mesure où sa volonté coïncide avec la volonté des ministres, lesquels seuls assument la responsabilité de la politique du
1363:
The Belgian monarchy was from the beginning a constitutional monarchy, patterned after that of the United Kingdom. Raymond Fusilier wrote the Belgian regime of 1830 was also inspired by the French Constitution of the
3549:
automatically granted the title but he or she can still be granted the title by royal decree on an individual basis. Prior to this, all descendants of Albert II were entitled to the title of prince or princess.
3031:
Overall, the principle of inviolability of the monarchy in Belgium is a key feature of the country's political system, designed to protect the monarch and preserve the stability of the constitutional monarchy.
2759:, published in 1936. According to Martin, the term is meant to emphasize the bond and connection to the people of the land over the territory the state controls. His work further implies that such a monarch is
3011:
The Inviolability of Monarchy is a legal principle in Belgium that protects the King or Queen from legal prosecution, civil or criminal, during their reign. This principle is enshrined in Article 88 of the
2782:. The joint session has to be held within ten days of the death or abdication of the previous monarch. The new Belgian monarch is required to take the Belgian constitutional oath, "I swear to observe the
6803:
3835:, a Honduran-British pharmacologist, in London on 4 April 1998. They have a daughter, Alexandra Leopoldine (born in London on 4 August 1998), and a son, Leopoldo Daniel (born in London on 21 May 2001).
7840:
7510:
3216:) was reorganised in 2006, and consists of seven autonomous departments and the Court's Steering Committee. Each Head of Department is responsible for his department and is accountable to the King.
2774:
Belgium is the only extant European monarchy in which the heir to the throne does not ascend immediately upon the death or abdication of his or her predecessor. According to Article 91 of the
5191:
5444:
et les cérémonies protocolaires (...) Régner ne signifie pas suivre d'un oeil distrait les occupations du gouvernement (...) C'est contribuer (...) au fonctionnement harmonieux de l'Etat
2873:
escutcheon in the all royal versions of the family's coat of arms. The reinstatement of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha main royal arms occurred shortly after the visit of King Philip and Queen
3638:(1884–1946) and his wife, Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana e di Sebastiano (1896–1989). Together they have three children, the current king (see above), a daughter and another son:
7256:
2929:
vests the "federal executive power" in the monarch. Under Section III, this power includes the appointment and dismissal of ministers, the implementation of the laws passed by the
2888:
6796:
1389:
For Raymond Fusilier, the Belgian monarchy had to be placed—at least in the beginning—between the regimes where the king rules and those in which the king does not rule but only
4555:
3684:
3536:
reserved for members of the Belgian royal family. Originally the Royal Decree of 14 March 1891, reserved this title for all persons descending in the direct male line from king
559:
7655:
3318:
at all times provides a security detail to the Royal Palace, commanded by a chief police commissioner. The other members of the royal family have a service at their disposal.
3634:(born 11 September 1937) in Brussels, who became HRH Princess Paola of Belgium, Princess of Liège, and after 1993, became Queen Paola of the Belgians. She is the daughter of
3566:
5440:
Le Roi règne. Pendant plus d'un siècle et demi (...) on ne s'est guère interrogé sur cette maxime. Ou bien on a cherché à lui donner un sens réducteur. Le Roi préside les
4548:
4534:
3679:
3668:
1401:
wrote that "some foreigners believe the monarchy is indispensable to national unity. That is very naive. He is only a piece on the chessboard, but a piece which matters".
6789:
2914:
In addition, the monarch has a number of responsibilities in the process of the formation of the Government. The procedure usually begins with the nomination of the "
2960:
The monarch is also one of the three components of the federal legislative power, in accordance with the Belgian Constitution, together with the two chambers of the
2893:
3627:) and 21 July 2013, the Belgian National Day, when he abdicated in favour of his son Philippe, Duke of Brabant, because of ill health. On 2 July 1959, he married
1210:
monarch", the foreign ministers having the authority to act only as ministers of the king. Leopold I quickly became one of the most important shareholders of the
6183:
4195:
3641:
2786:
and the laws of the Belgian people, to maintain the national independence and the integrity of the territory," which is uttered in the three official languages:
1219:
2895:
3299:
providing any other useful services such as announcing visitors. The equerry accompanies the King on his trips except for those of a strictly private nature.
7249:
5539:
4541:
3674:
1255:
On several occasions Leopold II publicly expressed disagreement with the ruling government (e.g. on 15 August 1887, and in 1905, against Prime Minister
6391:
4522:
4202:
3651:
3645:
1483:
882:
875:
2911:
The Belgian monarchy symbolises and maintains a feeling of national unity by representing the country in public functions and international meetings.
7971:
6173:
6110:
5938:
3270:
7242:
6327:
6098:[Royal Decree on the granting of the title of Prince or Princess of Belgium] (in French). Federal Parliament of Belgium. 12 November 2015.
6095:
5751:
6310:
5698:
3280:
2889:
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8019:
2834:
Because of the First World War and the resultant strong anti-German sentiment, the family name was changed in 1920, from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to
5172:
4773:
2891:
996:
5650:
2886:
1482:
who keep their title "of Belgium"; therefore the descendants of Astrid of Belgium do not bear this title, but that of "of Austria-Este" of
1275:
7750:
7715:
6620:
1260:
1111:. The Congress voted on the question on 22 November 1830, supporting monarchy by 174 votes to 13. In February 1831, the Congress nominated
757:
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5223:
2892:
2887:
2885:
543:
6605:
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2801:
Members of the Belgian royal family are often known by two names: a Dutch and a French one. For example, the current monarch is called
4902:
3702:, on 12 April 2003, who was created HRH Princess Claire of Belgium 11 days before their wedding. They have one daughter and two sons:
3253:
King Philippe and Queen Mathilde wave to the crowds in Brussels after Philippe's swearing in as the new Belgian monarch, 21 July 2013.
1466:, the title "Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha", along with "of Belgium" is again in use for all the descendants of Leopold I, with the exception of
3082:
1369:
5724:
4850:
4777:
1397:, to reign does not only mean to preside over ceremonies but also to take a part in the running of the State. The Belgian historian
6211:
5013:
1183:
5403:
Les monarchies parlementaires – étude sur les systèmes de gouvernement en Suède, Norvège, Luxembourg, Belgique, Pays-bas, Danemark
5119:
3525:, they used the additional titles of Prince or Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke or Duchess of Saxony, as members of the
109:
8184:
6730:
4783:
4689:
224:
3517:
Members of the Belgian royal family, other than the monarch, hold the title of Prince or Princess of Belgium, with the style of
81:
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6512:
6381:
6280:
5061:
4856:
4638:
4369:
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2809:
1212:
506:
273:
6026:"Zevende zoon zorgt voor zevende viergeslacht en peterschap van koning Filip: "Ze noemen ons Sneeuwwitje en de zeven dwergen""
5948:. Olivier Alsteens, Director-General of the FPS Chancellery of the Prime Minister, Wetstraat 16, 1000 Brussels. Archived from
4727:
4062:
3804:
3477:
969:
7964:
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4684:
King Albert and Queen Elisabeth in prayer for Our Lady of Laeken, an image displaying the Catholic faith of the royal house.
7870:
7675:
7325:
6025:
4951:
3705:
3588:, who will inherit the throne after her father due to a 1991 act of succession which established absolute (gender-neutral)
3137:
665:
554:
88:
62:
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For the personal protection of the King and the royal family, as well as for the surveillance of the royal estates, the
6819:
5256:
5202:
4755:
3497:
2965:
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2827:
In the other official language of German, monarchs are usually referred to by their French names. The same is true for
1883:
1240:
3573:, and became, from 21 July 2013, Queen Mathilde of the Belgians. She is a daughter of Patrick d'Udekem d'Acoz (made a
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989:
128:
95:
5912:
5082:
4844:
4799:
3145:
1193:. Nevertheless, in 1961, the historian Ramon Arango, wrote that the Belgian monarchy is not "truly constitutional".
8009:
7957:
5856:
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937:
927:
17:
4829:
4737:
2922:", who will have the charge of forming a new government, of which he or she generally becomes the Prime Minister.
2805:
in French and 'Filip' in Dutch; the fifth King of the Belgians was 'Baudouin' in French and 'Boudewijn' in Dutch.
7901:
7345:
7076:
6544:
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and abolished the Salic Law with regards to its granting. The Royal Decree of 12 November 2015, published in the
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816:
811:
806:
464:
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77:
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1178:. The royal office of King is designated solely for a descendant of the first King of the Belgians, Leopold I.
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66:
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210:
3725:(born 22 February 1968). She is the non-marital daughter of King Albert II by his former mistress, Baroness
3053:. Another tradition is the centuries-old ceremonial welcome the new king receives in the country during the
2862:
kept his Saxony-Coburg family name, but he was ousted from the Bulgarian throne in 1946 at the age of nine.
8174:
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3654:. He married Elisabetta Maria Rosboch von Wolkenstein on 5 July 2014. They have two daughters and one son:
3449:
1490:
1348:
the King is able to influence the ministers when he speaks with them about bills, projects and nominations,
1338:
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Prince Elemér Lónyai de Nagy-Lónya (widower of Princess Stéphanie, daughter of Leopold II, died in 1946);
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30:
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Leopold II died without surviving legitimate sons. The line now descends from his nephew and successor,
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6454:
5699:"La famille royale s'appelle Ă nouveau Saxe-Cobourg: pourquoi est-ce bientĂ´t la fin des "de Belgique"?"
5090:
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689:
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2778:, the heir accedes to the throne only upon taking a constitutional oath before a joint session of the
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2846:). Other Coburgers from the multi-branched Saxe-Coburg family have also changed their name, such as
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314:
5623:"Koninklijk besluit houdende vaststelling van het wapen van het Koninklijk Huis en van zijn leden"
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1123:, but international considerations deterred Louis-Philippe from accepting the honour for his son.
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constitutional monarchy system, the role and operation of Belgium's monarchy are governed by the
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The River Congo: The Discovery, Exploration and Exploitation of the World's Most Dramatic Rivers
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1142:, was designated as King of the Belgians by the National Congress and swore allegiance to the
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6054:"No, Argentina's president did not adopt a Jewish child to stop him turning into a werewolf"
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8029:
7980:
7535:
7480:
7440:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7375:
7370:
7360:
7355:
7335:
7315:
7305:
7300:
7290:
6615:
6595:
6549:
6466:
6461:
6422:
6354:
6265:
6255:
4701:
4023:
3820:
3794:
3768:
3617:
3541:
3537:
3389:
3249:
3099:
3086:
2972:. All laws passed by the Federal Parliament must be signed and promulgated by the monarch.
2953:
2855:
2775:
2745:" as is common for other monarchies throughout Europe. The title is linked to a concept of
2487:
1620:
1201:
1159:
1135:
1078:
1063:
887:
729:
609:
283:
205:
7234:
7174:
5676:
5622:
4939:
4695:
2831:
with the exception of Leopold, where the accent is removed for the purpose of simplicity.
8:
7999:
7860:
7670:
7561:
7530:
7495:
7485:
7470:
7415:
7380:
7365:
7350:
7340:
7015:
6852:
6640:
6580:
6405:
6260:
4987:
4884:
4862:
4817:
4176:
3824:
3816:
3798:
3790:
3772:
3764:
3624:
3552:
3352:
3259:
2878:
2866:
2678:
2448:
2065:
1494:
1467:
1452:
1420:
1334:
1267:
1074:
547:
494:
459:
429:
417:
407:
234:
8153:
8081:
5414:
8103:
8093:
8086:
8014:
7601:
7520:
7465:
7445:
7435:
7405:
7020:
6749:
6705:
6650:
6539:
6517:
6500:
6366:
6285:
6270:
6232:
5898:
5245:
3274:
3085:
dominated in Flanders, while the more industrialised Wallonia had more support for the
2949:
2865:
Nevertheless, the Royal Decree published on 19 July and signed on 12 July 2019 by King
2817:
2779:
1108:
1090:
585:
578:
501:
7062:
6880:
2493:
8133:
7515:
7034:
6668:
6534:
6115:
5511:
5482:
5457:
5448:
5352:
5252:
5198:
5126:
4805:
4715:
3623:(born 6 June 1934). He was the king between 1993 (following the death of his brother
1287:
1256:
1190:
594:
2694:
2509:
2464:
2277:
2097:
2092:
1856:
1658:
1626:
8143:
8108:
8076:
7160:
6765:
6720:
6710:
6625:
6585:
5974:
5894:
5570:
4957:
4823:
3876:
3832:
3533:
3058:
2976:
2851:
2828:
2747:
2700:
2103:
1862:
1303:
1236:
1021:
538:
1206:
8128:
7820:
7490:
7202:
6964:
6950:
6700:
6683:
6678:
6177:
6058:
5240:
5218:
4923:(widower of Princess Joséphine-Charlotte, daughter of Leopold III, died in 2019);
3570:
3526:
3263:
3209:
3201:
2870:
2795:
2787:
2752:
1447:
1428:
1051:
1037:
638:
563:
188:
174:
7006:
1493:(born 1968). Princess Delphine is the legally acknowledged half-sibling of King
438:
8118:
8113:
7146:
6903:
6816:
6770:
6693:
6673:
6663:
6449:
6240:
6004:
5263:
King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa.
3518:
3193:
2969:
2791:
1463:
1320:
1314:
1029:
963:
160:
5247:
King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa
3558:(born 15 April 1960) is King of the Belgians. He married, on 4 December 1999,
3184:
1077:, ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following the abdication of his father
8168:
8058:
7271:
6812:
6096:"Arrêté royal relatif à l'octroi du titre de Prince ou Princesse de Belgique"
5796:
3589:
3532:
The title Prince or Princess of Belgium is a specific noble title within the
2821:
2768:
1398:
1374:
1299:
1291:
1279:
1116:
1059:
626:
268:
6113:[The King limits the granting of the title of "Prince of Belgium"].
3569:, after which she also took the title Duchess of Brabant as the wife of the
2824:
to the Belgian throne. This title precedes the title "Princess of Belgium".
7118:
6688:
6339:
6140:
6081:
4963:
4841:(eldest daughter of Prince Philippe, third son of Leopold I, died in 1948);
4730:(second daughter of Prince Philippe, third son of Leopold I, died in 1871);
3890:
3812:
3786:
3284:
3054:
3046:
1443:
1439:
7949:
7099:
6866:
5392:, Belgian Journal of Political Science, number 1, 1991, pp. 70–81, p. 74.
3522:
3042:
2915:
1358:
1017:
655:
4820:(youngest son of Prince Philippe, third son of Leopold I, died in 1934);
2975:
Previously, children of the King were entitled to a seat in the senate (
2515:
2470:
2283:
2108:
1497:, and her children are also recognised as members of the royal family.
1446:. The personal arms of the reigning monarch was modified to include the
7934:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
7071:
6936:
6922:
6908:
3592:, altering the order of succession from "eldest son" to "eldest child".
2764:
1341:, cited four points of democracy which the Belgian Constitution lacks:
1171:
1151:
6811:
5500:"Chapitre 23 : Le « roi-chevalier » n'est pas un héros"
4746:(eldest son of Prince Philippe, third son of Leopold I, died in 1891);
2903:
8050:
7730:
7188:
7057:
5390:
Res Publica, Tijdschrift voor Politologie, Revue de Science Politique
3699:
2979:) when they were 18. This right was abolished in 2014 as part of the
2919:
5885:
Martin, Kingsley (April 1936), "The Evolution of Popular Monarchy",
4853:(third daughter of Prince Philippe, son of Leopold I, died in 1958);
3115:
2816:" as the title "Prince of the Belgians" does not exist. She is also
44:
7169:
7155:
7127:
6861:
6630:
6189:
4786:(husband of Princess Louise, daughter of Leopold II, died in 1921);
3827:. Princess Marie-Esméralda is a journalist, writing under the name
3176:
3074:
3070:
3004:
3000:
2847:
1249:
1235:, is chiefly remembered for the founding and capitalization of the
1155:
1025:
5038:
4830:
Crown Princess Stéphanie of Austria, Princess Lónyai de Nagy-Lónya
4814:(husband of Princess Henriette, sister of Albert I, died in 1931);
3636:
Fulco VIII, Prince Ruffo di Calabria, 6th Duke of Guardia Lombarda
3219:
The following departments currently make up the King's Household:
7141:
7001:
6973:
6945:
6931:
6917:
6875:
6847:
6833:
6220:
5441:
4770:(widow of Prince Philippe, third son of Leopold I, died in 1912);
3288:
3277:
3267:
3069:
Popular support for the monarchy had historically been higher in
1009:
379:
261:
2808:
In contrast to King Philippe's title of "King of the Belgians",
1459:
remains unchanged, i.e. it does not incorporate the Saxon arms.
7197:
7113:
7043:
6987:
6959:
6889:
5178:(in French) (Second ed.). Bruxelles: Palais des Académies.
4556:
Princess Laetitia Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este
3685:
Princess Laetitia Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este
1131:
6164:
2884:
1270:, who ruled while 90% of Belgium was overrun by the forces of
332:
29:"King of the Belgians" redirects here. For the 2016 film, see
7183:
7085:
7029:
3574:
1390:
4549:
Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este
4535:
Princess Maria Laura of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este
3680:
Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este
3669:
Princess Maria Laura of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este
3565:, who was created Princess Mathilde of Belgium a day before
7385:
7264:
5620:
5316:, Dalloz, 1930, p. 232, quoted by Raymond Fusilier, p. 400.
5174:
Essai sur la révolution industrielle en Belgique: 1770–1847
4790:
Princess Louise of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess in Saxony
6040:"Voici la nouvelle filleule de la reine Mathilde (Photos)"
3807:(born 30 September 1956). She is the youngest daughter of
2991:
1263:
of noncompliance with the country's parliamentary system.
6111:"Le Roi limite l'octroi du titre de "prince de Belgique""
5388:
Hans Daalder, The monarchy in a parliamentary system, in
3180:
Au grand Rasoir, a Royal warrant holder with Royal crest.
5338:
Le roi, la loi la liberté: inconciliables en démocratie?
5062:"National Day and feast days of Communities and Regions"
3223:
the Department for Economic, Social and Cultural Affairs
2737:
The proper title of the Belgian monarch is "King of the
1126:
Following this refusal, the National Congress appointed
5725:"La famille royale s'appelle Ă nouveau de Saxe-Cobourg"
4784:
Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony
5059:
3781:(born 6 February 1951). She is the eldest daughter of
3188:
The Royal palace is used for state occasions at court.
1359:
Constitutional, political, and historical consequences
5770:
1354:
the King must agree to any change of the Constitution
1196:
7937:
2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
6001:"Minutes of the Belgian Senate of September 9, 2004"
5565:
5563:
3611:
3045:
of the city. Similar traditions are attached to the
2941:
in accordance with Article 101 of the Constitution.
5651:"Belgian royal coat of arms gets a 'modern' update"
5538:Balfoort, Brigitte; Van Paemel, Eddy, eds. (2010).
5508:
The spectacular history of the Kings of the Belgian
4542:
Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
3747:
3675:
Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
1415:The monarchs of Belgium originally belonged to the
1337:, Senator Yves de Wasseige, a former member of the
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5537:
5244:
5222:
5190:
5171:
5147:
5118:
4839:Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendôme and Alençon
4523:Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
3652:Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
3646:Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
2843:
1431:were removed from the Belgian royal coat of arms.
1239:as a personal fiefdom. There was scandal when the
5880:
5878:
5857:"Belgium's King Albert II gives up throne to son"
5560:
5225:A Sign For Cain: An Exploration of Human Violence
5125:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. p. 9.
3028:regardless of political affiliation or ideology.
1489:For completeness, the family tree should include
8166:
7940:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
5752:"Famille royalement de Belgique et Saxe-Cobourg"
4847:(youngest daughter of Leopold II, died in 1955);
4529:Princess Elisabetta, Archduchess of Austria-Este
3671:. She married William Isvy on 10 September 2022.
3307:and preparing the Queen's audiences and visits.
3100:(Flemish) separatism and the country's partition
1404:
1165:
6082:"Walen zijn veel koningsgezinder dan Vlamingen"
5405:, Editions ouvrières, Paris, 1960, pp. 419–420.
4905:(eldest daughter of Leopold III, died in 2005);
4903:Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg
1330:shared these views about the Belgian monarchy.
1024:. The monarch is titled King (or Queen) of the
5875:
5154:(in French). Paris: Armand Colin. p. 43.
4832:(eldest daughter of Leopold II, died in 1945);
4792:(eldest daughter of Leopold II, died in 1924);
3057:; this tradition apparently dates back to the
7965:
7250:
6797:
6205:
6180:– official brochure of the Belgium government
5504:La spectaculaire histoire des rois des Belges
5456:, Contradictions, number 65–66, 1991, p. 27.
4808:(eldest daughter of Leopold I, died in 1927);
3577:prior to the wedding) and his wife, Countess
3498:
3291:are also attached to the Military Household.
2907:Busts of the first five Kings of the Belgians
1442:of himself and those of his family through a
990:
5905:
5621:Philippe, Koning der Belgen (12 July 2019).
5343:
5334:
4893:(eldest daughter of Albert I, died in 2001);
4812:Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme and Alençon
3759:(born 2 December 1951). She is the widow of
3642:Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este
1318:
1045:
180:
166:
7979:
6167:– official site of the Belgian royal family
4899:(second wife of Leopold III, died in 2002);
4851:Princess Joséphine-Caroline of Hohenzollern
3238:the Department of the Protocol of the Court
3144:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1309:
152:
7972:
7958:
7257:
7243:
6804:
6790:
6212:
6198:
5781:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPirenne1948 (
5239:
5145:
5121:Leopold III and the Belgian Royal Question
5112:
5110:
5108:
4887:(eldest son of Leopold III, died in 1993);
4826:(first wife of Leopold III, died in 1935);
3505:
3491:
1296:Albert died under mysterious circumstances
1095:When Belgium gained independence from the
997:
983:
354:
5789:
5370:, Editions ouvrières, Paris, 1960, p. 350
5233:
4911:(third son of Leopold III, died in 2009);
4724:(eldest son of Leopold II, died in 1869);
4698:(second wife of Leopold I, died in 1850);
3839:
3164:Learn how and when to remove this message
2957:difficulties with administrative powers.
1423:in 1920, to the House of Belgium and the
1370:United States Declaration of Independence
1333:In 1991, towards the end of the reign of
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
6046:
5749:
5696:
5497:
5348:, TOUDI (n° 5/Contradictions (n° 65/66),
5303:Editions ouvrières, Paris, 1960, p. 399.
5014:Line of succession to the Belgian throne
4873:Prince Regent Charles, Count of Flanders
4802:, daughter of Leopold II, died in 1926);
4764:(second son of Leopold I, died in 1909);
4740:, daughter of Leopold II, died in 1889);
4692:(eldest son of Leopold I, died in 1834);
4679:
3248:
3183:
3175:
2990:
2902:
1218:
1158:on 21 July. This day has since become a
7265:Heads of state and government of Europe
6108:
5776:
5479:L'action du roi en Belgique depuis 1831
5454:Les faces cachées de la monarchie belge
5368:Les monarchies parlementaires en Europe
5346:Les faces cachées de la monarchie belge
5301:Les monarchies parlementaires en Europe
5217:
5188:
5139:
5105:
4881:(eldest son of Albert I, died in 1983);
4875:(second son of Albert I, died in 1983);
4758:(third son of Leopold I, died in 1905);
4718:, daughter of Leopold I, died in 1867);
3657:Archduchess Anna Astrid of Austria-Este
3644:(born 5 June 1962). She is the wife of
14:
8167:
5884:
5814:
5182:
5169:
5116:
5031:
4946:Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria
4869:, daughter of Albert I, died in 1983);
4063:Princess Maria-Esméralda, Lady Moncada
4056:Princess Marie-Christine, Mrs. Gourges
3805:Princess Marie-Esméralda, Lady Moncada
3779:Princess Marie-Christine, Mrs Gourgues
3586:Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
3478:Princess Marie-Esméralda, Lady Moncada
3273:and assisted by an adviser, currently
2898:
1381:professor of political science at the
274:Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
7953:
7238:
6785:
6193:
6109:Clevers, Antoine (25 November 2015).
5533:
5531:
5163:
5150:La Belgique contemporaine (1780–1949)
4663:
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3474:Princess Marie-Christine, Mrs Gourges
2763:appointed by the people as a nominal
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1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1128:Erasme-Louis, Baron Surlet de Chokier
6219:
5936:
5498:ROEGIERS, Patrick (17 August 2017).
4917:(widow of Baudouin I, died in 2014);
4780:, sister of Albert I, died in 1919);
4768:Princess Marie, Countess of Flandres
3235:the Department for Foreign Relations
3142:adding citations to reliable sources
3109:
1189:The Kingdom of Belgium was never an
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
5837:. Belgian Monarchy Official Website
5481:, Duculot, Gembloux, 1992, p. 312.
5314:De l'unité du cabinet parlementaire
5085:[The Belgian Constitution]
5009:List of heirs to the Belgian throne
4966:* (second wife of King Leopold III)
4752:(wife of Leopold II, died in 1902);
4675:
3694:(born 19 October 1963). He married
3660:Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este
1274:and is notable for his forays into
1204:was head of Foreign Affairs "as an
24:
6134:
6084:. deredactie.be. 15 November 2016.
5899:10.1111/j.1467-923X.1936.tb01608.x
5549:. Olivier Alsteens. Archived from
5528:
4859:(widow of Albert I, died in 1965);
4756:Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
3105:
3064:
1302:on the Roche du Vieux Bon Dieu at
1241:atrocities in the Congo Free State
1197:Leopold I, Leopold II and Albert I
25:
8196:
7994:
7841:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
7511:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
6276:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
6158:
5697:Newmedia, R. T. L. (4 May 2017).
5415:Bagehot, The English Constitution
5197:. Harper & Row. p. 278.
4927:
4774:Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern
3612:Other members of the royal family
2850:, who adopted the family name of
2757:The Evolution of Popular Monarchy
1419:. The family name was changed by
1097:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
7217:
7196:
7182:
7168:
7154:
7140:
7126:
7112:
7098:
7084:
7070:
7056:
7042:
7028:
7014:
7000:
6986:
6972:
6958:
6944:
6930:
6916:
6902:
6888:
6874:
6860:
6846:
6832:
6513:2008–2009 financial crisis
6184:What role for a Belgian monarch?
5937:Balfoort, Brigitte; et al.
5523:pas été juridiquement supprimés.
5425:R.Fusilier, pp. 419–420. French
4960:(first wife of King Leopold III)
3663:Archduchess Alix of Austria-Este
3340:
3114:
2986:
2699:
2693:
2514:
2508:
2492:
2469:
2463:
2282:
2276:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2080:
1895:
1890:
1861:
1855:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1631:
1625:
1351:the King promulgates bills, and,
1134:of Belgium on 25 February 1831.
957:
928:Belgium-United Kingdom relations
437:
223:
204:
43:
6102:
6088:
6074:
6032:
6018:
5993:
5975:"Royal Decree of July 12, 2019"
5967:
5930:
5849:
5827:
5743:
5717:
5690:
5669:
5643:
5614:
5596:"Royal Decree of July 12, 2019"
5588:
5491:
5466:
5432:
5419:
5408:
5395:
5382:
5373:
5361:
5328:
5319:
5306:
5293:
5268:
4942:(second wife of King Leopold I)
4722:Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant
4196:The Archduchess of Austria-Este
3846:Family tree of Belgian monarchs
3698:, an Anglo-Belgian former land
3321:
2820:, the traditional title of the
1345:the King chooses the ministers,
1140:Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1136:Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
360:Coat of arms of the Royal House
54:needs additional citations for
8185:1831 establishments in Belgium
5211:
5075:
5053:
4934:List of Belgian royal consorts
4796:Prince Victor, Prince Napoléon
4734:Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria
4712:Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico
2937:, which is accountable to the
1417:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1162:for Belgium and its citizens.
1062:and commander-in-chief of the
1058:) and serves as the country's
946:Politics of the European Union
13:
1:
5822:Albert 1er: le roi sans terre
5024:
4921:Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg
4845:Clémentine, Princess Napoléon
3763:, half-brother of both Kings
3733:Princess Joséphine of Belgium
3229:the King's Military Household
3077:. The generally pro-monarchy
3035:
1405:List of kings of the Belgians
1366:Kingdom of France (1791–1792)
1166:Hereditary and constitutional
933:Belgium-Netherlands relations
679:Sentence enforcement tribunal
616:Administrative jurisdictions
211:Royal coat of arms of Belgium
6152:The Royal Families of Europe
5276:"A Belgian Visit to "Kongo""
5060:Belgian Federal Government.
4952:Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria
4203:The Archduke of Austria-Este
3815:, half-sister of both Kings
3789:, half-sister of both Kings
3723:Princess Delphine of Belgium
3606:Princess Eléonore of Belgium
2997:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
2858:'s place of residence. Only
1491:Princess Delphine of Belgium
1339:Belgian Constitutional Court
1213:Société Générale de Belgique
1070:since independence in 1830.
938:Belgium–Luxembourg relations
676:Family and juvenile tribunal
391:; 193 years ago
7:
5750:Libre.be, La (5 May 2017).
5510:] (in French). Perrin.
4997:
4778:Princess Joséphine Caroline
4690:Crown Prince Louis Philippe
3761:Prince Alexandre of Belgium
3727:Sybille de Selys Longchamps
3581:. They have four children:
3241:the Department of Petitions
1425:armorial bearings of Saxony
10:
8201:
5913:"The Belgian Constitution"
5146:Van Kalken, Frans (1950).
5091:Belgian Federal Parliament
4931:
3843:
3706:Princess Louise of Belgium
3601:Prince Emmanuel of Belgium
2981:Sixth Belgian state reform
2966:Chamber of Representatives
2939:Chamber of Representatives
1429:House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1408:
1088:
1084:
666:Tribunal of first instance
555:Chamber of Representatives
28:
8048:
7987:
7930:
7910:
7879:
7611:
7600:
7580:
7549:
7281:
7270:
7212:
6826:
6743:
6649:
6576:
6567:
6508:
6499:
6413:
6404:
6362:
6353:
6246:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
6231:
5575:www.ejustice.just.fgov.be
5344:
5335:
4958:Princess Astrid of Sweden
4948:(wife of King Leopold II)
4940:Princess Louise d'Orléans
4897:Lilian, Princess of RĂ©thy
4891:Queen Marie-José of Italy
4806:Empress Carlota of Mexico
4631:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4563:
4526:
4517:
4515:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4360:
4358:
4338:
4336:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4270:
4268:
4248:
4246:
4215:
4199:
4181:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4074:
4045:
4027:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3891:Lilian, Princess of RĂ©thy
3887:
3880:
3813:Lilian, Princess of RĂ©thy
3787:Lilian, Princess of RĂ©thy
3716:Prince Aymeric of Belgium
3711:Prince Nicolas of Belgium
3692:Prince Laurent of Belgium
3596:Prince Gabriel of Belgium
2596:
2594:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2179:
2177:
1983:
1981:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1138:, since 1826 also called
923:Belgium-Germany relations
413:
403:
385:
375:
365:
353:
344:
328:
307:
289:
279:
267:
257:
252:
248:
244:
231:
222:
217:
203:
196:
151:
143:
5019:Crown Council of Belgium
5004:List of Belgian monarchs
4991:Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
4984:(wife of King Albert II)
4973:Fabiola de Mora y AragĂłn
4863:King Umberto II of Italy
4728:Princess Joséphine-Marie
3563:Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
3546:Belgian official journal
2780:two Houses of Parliament
2732:
1411:List of Belgian monarchs
1383:Rijksuniversiteit Leiden
1310:Leopold III and Baudouin
918:France-Belgium relations
315:Royal Palace of Brussels
7981:European royal families
7716:Holy See (Vatican City)
7386:Holy See (Vatican City)
6281:Long nineteenth century
5731:(in French). 4 May 2017
5452:(April 1990) quoted by
5189:Forbath, Peter (1977).
5170:Lebrun, Pierre (1981).
5083:"La Constitution Belge"
4993:(wife of King Philippe)
4982:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
4975:(wife of King Baudouin)
4954:(wife of King Albert I)
3757:Princess LĂ©a of Belgium
3738:Prince Oscar of Belgium
3632:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
3424:Princess Laetitia Maria
2927:Constitution of Belgium
2860:Simeon Sakskoburggotski
2836:van België, de Belgique
2741:" rather than "King of
1457:Coat of arms of Belgium
1105:constitutional monarchy
883:Communities and regions
295:; 193 years ago
7656:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7326:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6555:Science and technology
6251:Burgundian Netherlands
6186:– website Expatica.com
6145:The Coburgs of Belgium
5540:"The Belgian monarchy"
5117:Arango, Ramon (1961).
4685:
4639:The Duchess of Brabant
3840:Family tree of members
3363:The Duchess of Brabant
3316:Belgian Federal Police
3254:
3213:
3205:
3198:Het Huis van de Koning
3197:
3192:The King's Household (
3189:
3181:
3083:Christian Social Party
3051:President of Argentina
3008:
2908:
1328:Leopold III of Belgium
1319:
1228:
1113:Louis, Duke of Nemours
1068:seven Belgian monarchs
1055:
1046:
1041:
1033:
320:Royal Castle of Laeken
181:
167:
153:
5684:ejustice.just.fgov.be
5041:. Monarchy of Belgium
4750:Queen Marie Henriette
4683:
3748:Other descendants of
3579:Anna Maria Komorowska
3252:
3232:the King's Civil List
3187:
3179:
2994:
2906:
2767:rather than being an
1259:) and was accused by
1223:Equestrian statue of
1222:
1056:König(in) der Belgier
1034:Koning(in) der Belgen
673:Correctional tribunal
370:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
78:"Monarchy of Belgium"
7880:Partially recognised
7550:Partially recognised
6731:World Heritage Sites
6266:Austrian Netherlands
6256:Southern Netherlands
6176:9 March 2012 at the
6171:The Belgian monarchy
6165:The Belgian monarchy
5946:The Belgian Monarchy
5918:. Belgian Parliament
5801:The Belgian Monarchy
5251:. Houghton Mifflin.
5229:. Paperback Library.
3771:, and half-uncle of
3421:Princess Luisa Maria
3415:Princess Maria Laura
3332:Belgian royal family
3260:Belgian Armed Forces
3138:improve this section
3087:Belgian Labour Party
3014:Belgian Constitution
2954:Belgian Armed Forces
2856:British royal family
2812:is called "Princess
2776:Belgian constitution
2685:King of the Belgians
2500:King of the Belgians
2455:King of the Belgians
2268:King of the Belgians
2072:King of the Belgians
1848:King of the Belgians
1639:King of the Belgians
1227:in Brussels, Belgium
1184:swearing-in ceremony
1148:Saint James's Church
1144:Belgian constitution
1064:Belgian Armed Forces
714:Justice of the peace
507:Elisabeth of Belgium
465:Constitutional Court
333:The Belgian Monarchy
63:improve this article
32:King of the Belgians
8175:Monarchy of Belgium
7911:Unrecognised states
7581:Unrecognised states
6261:Spanish Netherlands
6150:Hindley, Geoffrey.
5887:Political Quarterly
5630:Belgisch Staatsblad
5571:"Le Moniteur belge"
5556:on 9 December 2019.
4867:Princess Maria-José
4800:Princess Clémentine
3412:Princess Elisabetta
3214:Das Haus des Königs
3093:. For example, the
2948:The monarch is the
2899:Constitutional role
2879:Friedenstein Castle
1495:Philippe of Belgium
1453:Friedenstein Castle
1268:Albert I of Belgium
1246:Museum of the Congo
690:Enterprise tribunal
430:Politics of Belgium
408:Albert I of Belgium
348:Saxe-Coburg-Belgium
7816:Russian Federation
7486:Russian Federation
6286:Belgian Revolution
6271:Brabant Revolution
6062:. 29 December 2014
6028:. 27 January 2018.
5401:Raymond Fusilier,
5336:Yves de Wasseige,
5299:Raymond Fusilier,
4738:Princess Stéphanie
4736:(first husband of
4716:Princess Charlotte
4696:Queen Louise-Marie
4686:
3831:. She married Sir
3829:Esméralda de Réthy
3454:Princess Joséphine
3275:Lieutenant-Colonel
3255:
3226:the King's Cabinet
3190:
3182:
3009:
2962:Federal Parliament
2950:Commander-in-Chief
2935:Federal Government
2931:Federal Parliament
2925:Article 37 of the
2909:
2818:Duchess of Brabant
2810:Princess Elisabeth
1229:
1109:form of government
1091:History of Belgium
1066:. There have been
964:Belgium portal
632:Court of Cassation
586:De Croo Government
532:Federal Parliament
502:Duchess of Brabant
280:First monarch
269:Heir apparent
240:since 21 July 2013
8180:Lists of monarchs
8162:
8161:
7947:
7946:
7926:
7925:
7612:UN members
7596:
7595:
7282:UN members
7232:
7231:
6779:
6778:
6739:
6738:
6563:
6562:
6495:
6494:
6482:Political parties
6433:Foreign relations
6400:
6399:
6154:(Constable, 2000)
6116:La Libre Belgique
5517:978-2-262-07112-7
5477:, Jean Stengers,
5449:La Libre Belgique
5219:Wertham, Frederic
4964:Mary Lilian Baels
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4660:Princess Eléonore
3823:and half-aunt of
3797:and half-aunt of
3515:
3514:
3450:Princess Delphine
3378:Princess Eléonore
3174:
3173:
3166:
2877:to the ancestral
2869:, reinstated the
2727:
2726:
2691:
2506:
2461:
2274:
2078:
1903:
1888:Count of Flanders
1866:
1645:
1288:League of Nations
1272:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1257:Auguste Beernaert
1191:absolute monarchy
1115:, the son of the
1101:National Congress
1007:
1006:
911:Foreign relations
863:Political parties
595:Alexander De Croo
423:
422:
338:
337:
293:21 July 1831
182:König der Belgier
154:Koning der Belgen
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
8192:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7951:
7950:
7609:
7608:
7279:
7278:
7259:
7252:
7245:
7236:
7235:
7222:
7221:
7220:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7191:
7187:
7186:
7177:
7173:
7172:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7121:
7117:
7116:
7107:
7105:Willem-Alexander
7103:
7102:
7093:
7089:
7088:
7079:
7075:
7074:
7065:
7061:
7060:
7051:
7047:
7046:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7023:
7019:
7018:
7009:
7005:
7004:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6981:
6977:
6976:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6939:
6935:
6934:
6925:
6921:
6920:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6897:
6893:
6892:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6806:
6799:
6792:
6783:
6782:
6759:
6752:
6574:
6573:
6506:
6505:
6411:
6410:
6360:
6359:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6191:
6190:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6042:. 14 April 2017.
6036:
6030:
6029:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6003:(in Dutch). The
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5954:
5943:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5917:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5882:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5681:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5627:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5544:
5535:
5526:
5525:
5495:
5489:
5470:
5464:
5436:
5430:
5423:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5399:
5393:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5350:
5349:
5341:
5340:
5332:
5326:
5323:
5317:
5310:
5304:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5250:
5241:Hochschild, Adam
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5196:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5153:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5124:
5114:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5088:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5035:
4909:Prince Alexandre
4879:King Leopold III
4708:, died in 1865);
4676:Deceased members
4042:Prince Alexander
3884:King Leopold III
3859:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3833:Salvador Moncada
3534:Belgian nobility
3507:
3500:
3493:
3344:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3206:La Maison du Roi
3169:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3118:
3110:
3059:Dukes of Brabant
3003:is the National
2977:Senator by right
2748:popular monarchy
2703:
2697:
2683:
2518:
2512:
2498:
2496:
2473:
2467:
2453:
2286:
2280:
2266:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2070:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1865:
1859:
1846:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1500:
1499:
1462:Since the 2017,
1395:Francis Delpérée
1324:
1304:Marche-les-Dames
1237:Congo Free State
1160:national holiday
1049:
1047:Reine des Belges
1022:popular monarchy
999:
992:
985:
962:
961:
960:
661:Court of assizes
639:Appellate courts
620:Council of State
548:Stephanie D'Hose
441:
425:
424:
399:
397:
392:
358:
345:House of Belgium
342:
341:
303:
301:
296:
237:
227:
208:
192:
184:
178:
170:
164:
156:
147:
141:
140:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
18:House of Belgium
8200:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8189:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8158:
8064:Austria-Hungary
8044:
7983:
7978:
7948:
7943:
7922:
7906:
7897:Northern Cyprus
7875:
7791:North Macedonia
7613:
7603:
7592:
7576:
7567:Northern Cyprus
7545:
7461:North Macedonia
7283:
7273:
7266:
7263:
7233:
7228:
7218:
7216:
7208:
7203:Carl XVI Gustaf
7195:
7194:
7181:
7180:
7167:
7166:
7153:
7152:
7139:
7138:
7133:Rebelo de Sousa
7125:
7124:
7111:
7110:
7097:
7096:
7083:
7082:
7069:
7068:
7055:
7054:
7041:
7040:
7027:
7026:
7013:
7012:
6999:
6998:
6993:Sakellaropoulou
6985:
6984:
6971:
6970:
6957:
6956:
6943:
6942:
6929:
6928:
6915:
6914:
6901:
6900:
6895:Christodoulides
6887:
6886:
6873:
6872:
6859:
6858:
6845:
6844:
6831:
6830:
6822:
6810:
6780:
6775:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6735:
6716:Public holidays
6645:
6621:Life expectancy
6559:
6491:
6396:
6349:
6227:
6218:
6178:Wayback Machine
6161:
6147:(Cassell, 1969)
6137:
6135:Further reading
6132:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6107:
6103:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6065:
6063:
6059:TheGuardian.com
6052:
6051:
6047:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5958:
5956:
5955:on 9 March 2012
5952:
5941:
5935:
5931:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5883:
5876:
5866:
5864:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5840:
5838:
5835:"King Baudouin"
5833:
5832:
5828:
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5748:
5744:
5734:
5732:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5708:
5706:
5695:
5691:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5660:
5658:
5657:. 1 August 2019
5649:
5648:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5625:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5579:
5577:
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5553:
5542:
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5529:
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5496:
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5471:
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5424:
5420:
5413:
5409:
5400:
5396:
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5378:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5311:
5307:
5298:
5294:
5284:
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5274:
5273:
5269:
5259:
5238:
5234:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5187:
5183:
5168:
5164:
5144:
5140:
5133:
5115:
5106:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5027:
5000:
4936:
4930:
4885:King Baudouin I
4857:Queen Elisabeth
4762:King Leopold II
4744:Prince Baudouin
4704:(second son of
4678:
4653:Prince Emmanuel
4370:Princess Louise
4219:Princess Claire
3848:
3842:
3753:
3614:
3571:Duke of Brabant
3527:House of Wettin
3523:First World War
3521:. Prior to the
3511:
3482:
3438:Princess Louise
3434:Princess Claire
3432:
3411:
3402:
3400:Princess Astrid
3392:
3373:Prince Emmanuel
3356:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3287:and the King's
3271:Jef Van den put
3264:General Officer
3170:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3135:
3119:
3108:
3106:Royal Household
3095:1950 referendum
3091:Socialist Party
3067:
3065:Popular support
3038:
3024:their actions.
2989:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2753:Kingsley Martin
2735:
2729:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2468:
2462:
2459:
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2281:
2275:
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2270:
2265:
2101:
2090:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2069:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1413:
1407:
1361:
1321:chef de cabinet
1312:
1284:abeyant Wilhelm
1233:King Leopold II
1231:Leopold's son,
1225:King Leopold II
1199:
1168:
1093:
1087:
1073:The incumbent,
1003:
974:
970:Other countries
958:
956:
951:
950:
942:
913:
903:
902:
893:Arrondissements
878:
868:
867:
857:
826:
795:
764:
732:
721:
720:
709:Police tribunal
705:
685:Labour tribunal
649:Court of labour
644:Court of appeal
612:
602:
601:
581:
579:Federal Cabinet
571:
570:
564:Eliane Tillieux
534:
524:
523:
480:
470:
469:
455:
432:
395:
393:
390:
376:Place of origin
361:
349:
346:
324:
299:
297:
294:
239:
233:
213:
199:
186:
179:
172:
165:
158:
145:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
37:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8198:
8188:
8187:
8182:
8177:
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8159:
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8156:
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8146:
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8136:
8131:
8126:
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8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
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8089:
8084:
8079:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8055:
8053:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8040:United Kingdom
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7977:
7976:
7969:
7962:
7954:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7931:
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7924:
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7920:
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7912:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7883:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7871:United Kingdom
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7676:Czech Republic
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7617:
7615:
7606:
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7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7543:
7541:United Kingdom
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
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7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
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7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7346:Czech Republic
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7287:
7285:
7276:
7268:
7267:
7262:
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7254:
7247:
7239:
7230:
7229:
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7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7192:
7178:
7164:
7150:
7136:
7122:
7108:
7094:
7091:Spiteri Debono
7080:
7066:
7052:
7038:
7024:
7010:
6996:
6982:
6968:
6954:
6940:
6926:
6912:
6898:
6884:
6870:
6856:
6842:
6839:Van der Bellen
6827:
6824:
6823:
6817:European Union
6813:Heads of state
6809:
6808:
6801:
6794:
6786:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6745:
6744:
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6708:
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6671:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
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6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6571:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6530:Communications
6527:
6526:
6525:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6487:Prime Minister
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6414:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6372:Extreme points
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6335:Royal Question
6332:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6298:
6293:
6291:Crisis of 1870
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6241:Gallia Belgica
6237:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6217:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6181:
6168:
6160:
6159:External links
6157:
6156:
6155:
6148:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6101:
6087:
6073:
6045:
6031:
6017:
6005:Belgian Senate
5992:
5981:. 19 July 2019
5979:Moniteur Belge
5966:
5929:
5904:
5874:
5863:. 21 July 2013
5848:
5826:
5820:Carlo Bronne.
5813:
5788:
5769:
5756:www.lalibre.be
5742:
5716:
5689:
5668:
5642:
5613:
5602:. 19 July 2019
5600:Moniteur Belge
5587:
5559:
5527:
5516:
5490:
5465:
5431:
5418:
5407:
5394:
5381:
5379:Arango, p. 12.
5372:
5360:
5327:
5325:Arango, p. 31.
5318:
5305:
5292:
5280:The New Yorker
5267:
5258:978-0618001903
5257:
5232:
5210:
5204:978-0061224904
5203:
5181:
5162:
5138:
5131:
5104:
5074:
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5029:
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5006:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4932:Main article:
4929:
4928:Royal consorts
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4771:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4709:
4706:Prince Francis
4702:King Leopold I
4699:
4693:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4646:Prince Gabriel
4643:
4641:
4635:
4634:
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4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:Prince Aymeric
4381:
4379:
4377:Prince Nicolas
4374:
4372:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
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4343:
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4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4214:
4212:Prince Laurent
4209:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4172:
4171:
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4060:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4028:
4026:
4024:King Albert II
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
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3991:
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3598:
3593:
3519:Royal Highness
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:Prince Aymeric
3442:
3441:Prince Nicolas
3439:
3430:Prince Laurent
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:Prince Joachim
3416:
3413:
3390:King Albert II
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Prince Gabriel
3365:
3346:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3320:
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3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3172:
3171:
3122:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3079:Catholic Party
3066:
3063:
3037:
3034:
2988:
2985:
2900:
2897:
2883:
2751:as defined by
2734:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2690:r.2013-present
2675:
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2036:
2034:
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2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
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1980:
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1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1464:Carnet Mondain
1436:King Phillippe
1409:Main article:
1406:
1403:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1311:
1308:
1202:King Leopold I
1198:
1195:
1167:
1164:
1121:Louis-Philippe
1089:Main article:
1086:
1083:
1014:constitutional
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
994:
987:
979:
976:
975:
973:
972:
966:
953:
952:
949:
948:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
914:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
898:Municipalities
895:
890:
885:
879:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
860:
859:
858:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
834:
829:
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
798:
797:
796:
794:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
767:
766:
765:
763:
762:
755:
750:
745:
739:
733:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
717:
716:
711:
704:
703:
700:
696:
694:
693:
692:
687:
682:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:Civil tribunal
663:
653:
652:
651:
646:
636:
635:
634:
624:
623:
622:
613:
608:
607:
604:
603:
600:
599:
598:
597:
591:Prime Minister
582:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
567:
566:
552:
551:
550:
535:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
511:
510:
509:
499:
498:
497:
481:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
456:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
434:
433:
428:
421:
420:
415:
411:
410:
405:
401:
400:
387:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:
367:
363:
362:
359:
351:
350:
347:
336:
335:
330:
326:
325:
323:
322:
317:
311:
309:
305:
304:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
271:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
229:
228:
220:
219:
215:
214:
209:
201:
200:
197:
194:
193:
168:Roi des Belges
149:
148:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8197:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8049:Non-reigning
8047:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8005:Liechtenstein
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7975:
7970:
7968:
7963:
7961:
7956:
7955:
7952:
7939:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7903:
7902:South Ossetia
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7751:Liechtenstein
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7614:and observers
7610:
7607:
7605:
7599:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7572:South Ossetia
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7548:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7421:Liechtenstein
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:and observers
7280:
7277:
7275:
7269:
7260:
7255:
7253:
7248:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7225:
7215:
7214:
7211:
7204:
7199:
7193:
7190:
7185:
7179:
7176:
7171:
7165:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7148:
7143:
7137:
7134:
7129:
7123:
7120:
7115:
7109:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7092:
7087:
7081:
7078:
7073:
7067:
7064:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7045:
7039:
7036:
7031:
7025:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7008:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6989:
6983:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6938:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6905:
6899:
6896:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6877:
6871:
6868:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6849:
6843:
6840:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6820:member states
6818:
6814:
6807:
6802:
6800:
6795:
6793:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6758:
6754:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6215:
6210:
6208:
6203:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6192:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6141:Aronson, Theo
6139:
6138:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6105:
6097:
6091:
6083:
6077:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6041:
6035:
6027:
6021:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5914:
5908:
5900:
5896:
5893:(2): 155–78,
5892:
5888:
5881:
5879:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5836:
5830:
5823:
5817:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5784:
5779:, p. 30.
5778:
5773:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5685:
5678:
5672:
5656:
5655:Brussel Times
5652:
5646:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5532:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5488:
5487:2-8011-1026-4
5484:
5480:
5476:
5469:
5463:
5462:2-87090-010-4
5459:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5443:
5435:
5429:
5422:
5416:
5411:
5404:
5398:
5391:
5385:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5357:2-87090-010-4
5354:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5322:
5315:
5309:
5302:
5296:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5206:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5185:
5176:
5175:
5166:
5159:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5142:
5134:
5132:9780801800405
5128:
5123:
5122:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5092:
5084:
5078:
5063:
5056:
5040:
5034:
5030:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4915:Queen Fabiola
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4818:King Albert I
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
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4707:
4703:
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4682:
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4597:
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4425:
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4018:
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3990:
3988:
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3912:
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3892:
3885:
3878:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3825:King Philippe
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:King Philippe
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:King Philippe
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3696:Claire Coombs
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3625:King Baudouin
3622:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:primogeniture
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3567:their wedding
3564:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3409:Prince Amedeo
3407:
3406:
3405:
3404:Prince Lorenz
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:aides-de-camp
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:Aides-de-Camp
3283:. The King's
3282:
3281:Serge Vassart
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3157:
3154:November 2023
3147:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3123:This section
3121:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3073:and lower in
3072:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2987:Inviolability
2984:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2822:heir apparent
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2769:authoritarian
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2724:
2702:
2696:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2623:
2621:
2539:
2537:
2517:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2472:
2466:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2409:
2406:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2364:
2356:
2354:
2346:
2344:
2305:
2303:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2214:
2212:
2130:
2128:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2018:
2016:
1934:
1932:
1898:
1893:
1885:
1864:
1858:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1814:
1811:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1706:
1704:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1583:
1581:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:King Philippe
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:coats of arms
1438:codified the
1437:
1434:In 2019, the
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1399:Jean Stengers
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:Ruanda-Urundi
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Belgian Congo
1277:
1276:colonial rule
1273:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:ancien régime
1203:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:in 1830, the
1098:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:head of state
1057:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
986:
981:
980:
978:
977:
971:
968:
967:
965:
955:
954:
947:
944:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
907:
906:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
877:
872:
871:
864:
861:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
832:
830:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
801:
799:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
770:
768:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
737:
735:
734:
731:
725:
724:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
701:
698:
697:
695:
691:
688:
686:
683:
678:
675:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
657:
654:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
637:
633:
630:
629:
628:
627:Highest court
625:
621:
618:
617:
615:
614:
611:
606:
605:
596:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
575:
574:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
549:
545:
542:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
528:
527:
520:
517:
515:
514:Crown Council
512:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
496:
493:
492:
490:
486:
483:
482:
479:
474:
473:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
454:
449:
448:
445:
444:
440:
436:
435:
431:
427:
426:
419:
416:
412:
409:
406:
402:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
371:
368:
364:
357:
352:
343:
340:
334:
331:
327:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
310:
306:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
270:
266:
263:
260:
256:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
230:
226:
221:
216:
212:
207:
202:
195:
190:
183:
176:
169:
162:
155:
150:
142:
133:
130:
122:
119:November 2023
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
33:
27:
19:
7918:Transnistria
7588:Transnistria
7320:
6659:Architecture
6636:Prostitution
6591:Demographics
6545:Trade unions
6523:Central bank
6471:
6438:Human rights
6418:Constitution
6392:Subdivisions
6345:State reform
6340:Congo Crisis
6318:World War II
6151:
6144:
6120:. Retrieved
6114:
6104:
6090:
6076:
6064:. Retrieved
6057:
6048:
6034:
6020:
6010:17 September
6008:. Retrieved
5995:
5983:. Retrieved
5978:
5969:
5957:. Retrieved
5950:the original
5945:
5939:"journalist"
5932:
5920:. Retrieved
5907:
5890:
5886:
5865:. Retrieved
5860:
5851:
5839:. Retrieved
5829:
5821:
5816:
5804:. Retrieved
5800:
5797:"Leopold II"
5791:
5777:Pirenne 1948
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5755:
5745:
5733:. Retrieved
5729:Le Soir Plus
5728:
5719:
5707:. Retrieved
5702:
5692:
5683:
5671:
5659:. Retrieved
5654:
5645:
5633:. Retrieved
5629:
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5599:
5590:
5578:. Retrieved
5574:
5551:the original
5546:
5521:
5507:
5503:
5493:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5453:
5447:
5439:
5434:
5428:gouvenement.
5426:
5421:
5410:
5402:
5397:
5389:
5384:
5375:
5367:
5363:
5345:
5337:
5330:
5321:
5313:
5312:Yvon Gouet,
5308:
5300:
5295:
5283:. Retrieved
5279:
5270:
5262:
5246:
5235:
5224:
5213:
5192:
5184:
5173:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5141:
5120:
5095:. Retrieved
5077:
5065:. Retrieved
5055:
5043:. Retrieved
5033:
4988:
4979:
4970:
4865:(husband of
4824:Queen Astrid
4798:(husband of
4776:(husband of
4714:(husband of
4175:
4049:Princess LĂ©a
3877:Queen Astrid
3853:Family tree
3828:
3628:
3619:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3531:
3516:
3470:Princess LĂ©a
3457:Prince Oscar
3388:
3351:
3331:
3322:Royal family
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3266:, currently
3256:
3244:
3218:
3191:
3160:
3151:
3136:Please help
3124:
3068:
3055:Joyous Entry
3047:Russian Tsar
3039:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3010:
2974:
2959:
2947:
2943:
2924:
2913:
2910:
2864:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2784:Constitution
2773:
2760:
2756:
2755:in his work
2746:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2677:
2486:
2447:
2260:
2064:
1840:
1619:
1488:
1484:their father
1461:
1444:Royal Decree
1433:
1414:
1388:
1379:
1362:
1332:
1313:
1300:climbed solo
1265:
1254:
1252:in Belgium.
1230:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1188:
1180:
1176:Constitution
1169:
1146:in front of
1139:
1125:
1094:
1072:
1008:
876:Subdivisions
758:
702:Minor claims
699:Minor crimes
656:Trial courts
519:Royal Family
484:
477:
453:Constitution
414:Current head
366:Parent house
339:
232:
146:the Belgians
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
31:
26:
8020:Netherlands
7856:Switzerland
7786:Netherlands
7526:Switzerland
7456:Netherlands
6455:enforcement
6301:World War I
5762:25 February
5758:(in French)
5735:25 February
5709:25 February
5705:(in French)
4031:Queen Paola
3809:Leopold III
3783:Leopold III
3750:Leopold III
3394:Queen Paola
3294:The King's
3043:Burgomaster
3007:of Belgium.
2916:Informateur
2840:von Belgien
2505:r.1993–2013
2460:r.1951-1993
2273:r.1934-1951
2262:Leopold III
2077:r.1909-1934
1853:r.1865-1909
1644:r.1831-1865
1480:his brother
1315:Louis Wodon
1294:. In 1934,
1290:mandate in
1282:and later,
262:His Majesty
8169:Categories
8124:Montenegro
8051:pretenders
8010:Luxembourg
7821:San Marino
7781:Montenegro
7761:Luxembourg
7741:Kazakhstan
7641:Azerbaijan
7604:government
7491:San Marino
7451:Montenegro
7431:Luxembourg
7411:Kazakhstan
7311:Azerbaijan
7175:Pirc Musar
7161:Pellegrini
7035:Mattarella
6979:Steinmeier
6923:Frederik X
6726:Television
6706:Literature
6611:Irreligion
6601:Healthcare
6477:Parliament
6328:occupation
6311:occupation
6066:21 October
5806:4 December
5547:belgium.be
5285:20 October
5093:. May 2014
5067:4 December
5025:References
4989:Jonkvrouwe
3844:See also:
3560:Jonkvrouwe
3089:and later
3081:and later
3036:Traditions
2854:after the
2814:of Belgium
2803:'Philippe'
2765:figurehead
1842:Leopold II
1476:his sister
1261:Yvon Gouet
1172:hereditary
1154:Palace in
1152:Coudenberg
1130:to be the
1018:hereditary
300:1831-07-21
89:newspapers
8119:Lithuania
8087:Bonaparte
7756:Lithuania
7426:Lithuania
7224:EU portal
7189:Felipe VI
7049:Rinkēvičs
6881:Milanović
6616:Languages
6596:Education
6550:Transport
6462:Judiciary
6428:Executive
6423:Elections
6382:Mountains
6355:Geography
5039:"History"
4185:The Queen
3821:Albert II
3795:Albert II
3769:Albert II
3620:Albert II
3542:Albert II
3538:Leopold I
3358:The Queen
3289:Equerries
3125:does not
2920:Formateur
2844:see above
2488:Albert II
2458:1930–1993
2271:1901–1983
2075:1875–1934
1901:1837–1905
1851:1835–1909
1642:1790–1865
1621:Leopold I
1427:from the
1079:Albert II
888:Provinces
800:Regional
736:European
730:elections
610:Judiciary
560:President
544:President
308:Residence
290:Formation
284:Leopold I
218:Incumbent
8134:Portugal
8069:Bulgaria
7988:Reigning
7887:Abkhazia
7836:Slovenia
7831:Slovakia
7806:Portugal
7661:Bulgaria
7602:Heads of
7557:Abkhazia
7506:Slovenia
7501:Slovakia
7476:Portugal
7331:Bulgaria
7274:of state
7147:Iohannis
6853:Philippe
6766:Category
6641:Religion
6581:Abortion
6472:Monarchy
6467:Military
6406:Politics
6323:invasion
6306:invasion
6225:articles
6174:Archived
6122:22 March
5703:RTL Info
5661:2 August
5243:(1998).
5221:(1969).
5097:22 March
5045:22 March
4998:See also
4177:The King
3817:Baudouin
3791:Baudouin
3765:Baudouin
3700:surveyor
3555:Philippe
3353:The King
3075:Wallonia
3071:Flanders
3049:and the
3005:Basilica
3001:Brussels
2968:and the
2875:Mathilde
2871:Saxonian
2848:George V
2761:de facto
2739:Belgians
2679:Philippe
2449:Baudouin
2066:Albert I
1884:Philippe
1472:his wife
1448:Saxonian
1421:Albert I
1335:Baudouin
1250:Tervuren
1156:Brussels
1103:chose a
1075:Philippe
1026:Belgians
769:Federal
495:Philippe
478:Monarchy
460:Taxation
418:Philippe
235:Philippe
144:King of
8139:Romania
8109:Hanover
8099:Germany
8094:Georgia
8082:Orléans
8077:Bourbon
8073:France
8059:Albania
8000:Denmark
7995:Belgium
7866:Ukraine
7811:Romania
7771:Moldova
7731:Ireland
7726:Iceland
7721:Hungary
7706:Germany
7701:Georgia
7691:Finland
7686:Estonia
7681:Denmark
7666:Croatia
7651:Belgium
7646:Belarus
7636:Austria
7631:Armenia
7626:Andorra
7621:Albania
7536:Ukraine
7481:Romania
7441:Moldova
7401:Ireland
7396:Iceland
7391:Hungary
7376:Germany
7371:Georgia
7361:Finland
7356:Estonia
7351:Denmark
7336:Croatia
7321:Belgium
7316:Belarus
7306:Austria
7301:Armenia
7296:Andorra
7291:Albania
7063:NausÄ—da
7021:Higgins
6815:of the
6750:Outline
6679:Cuisine
6651:Culture
6606:Honours
6569:Society
6540:Tourism
6518:Banking
6501:Economy
6367:Climate
6233:History
6221:Belgium
5985:23 July
5959:18 July
5922:21 July
5867:21 July
5635:24 July
5606:23 July
5580:23 July
5475:compte.
5472:French
5442:Te Deum
5438:French
3278:Aviator
3268:General
3146:removed
3131:sources
2952:of the
2852:Windsor
2829:English
2771:ruler.
2743:Belgium
2688:b. 1960
2503:b. 1934
1278:of the
1107:as the
1085:Origins
1010:Belgium
728:Recent
485:Monarch
404:Founder
394: (
386:Founded
380:Belgium
329:Website
298: (
253:Details
198:Federal
103:scholar
8154:Turkey
8149:Serbia
8144:Russia
8129:Poland
8104:Greece
8035:Sweden
8025:Norway
8015:Monaco
7892:Kosovo
7861:Turkey
7851:Sweden
7826:Serbia
7801:Poland
7796:Norway
7776:Monaco
7746:Latvia
7711:Greece
7696:France
7671:Cyprus
7562:Kosovo
7531:Turkey
7521:Sweden
7496:Serbia
7471:Poland
7466:Norway
7446:Monaco
7416:Latvia
7381:Greece
7366:France
7341:Cyprus
7007:Sulyok
6965:Macron
6771:Portal
6694:waffle
6674:Comics
6669:Cinema
6631:People
6535:Energy
6387:Rivers
6296:Empire
6223:
5841:19 May
5677:"19_2"
5514:
5485:
5460:
5355:
5351:1991,
5255:
5201:
5129:
3210:German
3202:French
2970:Senate
2964:: the
2867:Philip
2796:German
2794:, and
2788:French
1391:reigns
1368:, the
1298:as he
1286:, the
1182:civil
1132:Regent
1117:French
1052:German
1038:French
831:Local
539:Senate
189:German
185:
175:French
171:
157:
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
34:(film)
8114:Italy
8030:Spain
7846:Spain
7766:Malta
7736:Italy
7516:Spain
7436:Malta
7406:Italy
7272:Heads
7077:Henri
6951:Stubb
6937:Karis
6909:Pavel
6867:Radev
6757:Index
6721:Sport
6711:Music
6626:Media
6586:Crime
6377:Lakes
5953:(PDF)
5942:(PDF)
5916:(PDF)
5680:(PDF)
5626:(PDF)
5554:(PDF)
5543:(PDF)
5506:[
5446:, in
5087:(PDF)
4980:Donna
3629:Donna
3618:King
3575:count
3553:King
3194:Dutch
2838:, or
2792:Dutch
2733:Title
1375:Crown
1317:(the
1170:As a
1119:king
1030:Dutch
1012:is a
258:Style
161:Dutch
110:JSTOR
96:books
7119:Duda
6701:Flag
6689:wine
6684:Beer
6443:LGBT
6124:2016
6068:2018
6012:2007
5987:2019
5961:2012
5924:2013
5869:2013
5843:2020
5808:2013
5783:help
5764:2020
5737:2020
5711:2020
5663:2019
5637:2019
5608:2019
5582:2019
5512:ISBN
5483:ISBN
5458:ISBN
5353:ISBN
5287:2018
5253:ISBN
5199:ISBN
5127:ISBN
5099:2016
5069:2023
5047:2016
4971:Doña
3819:and
3811:and
3793:and
3785:and
3767:and
3129:any
3127:cite
2995:The
1478:and
1020:and
853:2024
848:2018
843:2012
838:2006
822:2024
817:2019
812:2014
807:2009
791:2024
786:2019
781:2014
776:2010
759:2024
753:2019
748:2014
743:2009
489:list
396:1831
389:1831
82:news
6664:Art
6450:Law
5895:doi
5861:CNN
5342:in
3140:by
1248:at
1150:at
1042:Roi
65:by
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5977:.
5944:.
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5877:^
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