1010:
3524:
6370:
6397:
2302:
6357:
437:
2316:
6409:
6343:
2364:
1252:" (piece or nuance) or two. In addition, the system forced the music to be limited to a small subsection of the Indian community. To a large extent, it was limited to the palaces and dance halls. It was shunned by the intellectuals, avoided by the educated middle class, and in general, looked down upon as a frivolous practice.
1573:. The three primary registers of Indian classical music are mandra (lower), madhya (middle) and taar (upper). Since the octave location is not fixed, it is also possible to use provenances in mid-register (such as mandra-madhya or madhya-taar) for certain ragas. A typical rendition of Hindustani raga involves two stages:
2066:
2065:
1569:) versions of their respective scale degrees. As with movable do solfege, the notes are heard relative to an arbitrary tonic that varies from performance to performance, rather than to fixed frequencies, as on a xylophone. The fine intonational differences between different instances of the same swara are called
2185:
Although
Hindustani music clearly is focused on vocal performance, instrumental forms have existed since ancient times. In fact, in recent decades, especially outside South Asia, instrumental Hindustani music is more popular than vocal music, partly due to a somewhat different style and faster tempo,
1797:
Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music until two centuries ago when it gave way to the somewhat less austere khyal, a more free-form style of singing. Since losing its main patrons among the royalty in Indian princely states, dhrupad risked becoming extinct in the first half of
1060:
caused considerable cultural interchange. Increasingly, musicians received patronage in the courts of the new rulers, who, in turn, started taking an increasing interest in local musical forms. While the initial generations may have been rooted in cultural traditions outside India, they gradually
813:
in 1901 founded the
Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, a school to impart formal training in Hindustani classical music with some historical Indian Music. This was a school open to all and one of the first in India to run on public support and donations, rather than royal patronage. Many students from the
1318:
recognized the many rifts that had appeared in the structure of Indian classical music. He undertook extensive research visits to a large number of gharanas, Hindustani as well as
Carnatic, collecting and comparing compositions. Between 1909 and 1932, he produced the monumental four-volume work
2067:
1423:
Ragas may originate from any source, including religious hymns, folk tunes, and music from outside the Indian subcontinent. For example, raga Khamaj and its variants have been classicized from folk music, while ragas such as Hijaz (also called Basant
Mukhari) originated in Persian maqams.
1177:
introduced a number of innovations, including ragas and particular compositions. Legend has it that upon his rendition of a nighttime raga in the morning, the entire city fell under a hush and clouds gathered in the sky so that he could light fires by singing the raga "Deepak".
969:
treatise, from about 1100 CE, is the earliest text where rules similar to those of current
Hindustani classical music can be found. Narada actually names and classifies the system in its earlier form before the Persian influences introduced changes in the system.
1861:
is an ancient tradition of
Dhrupad music nearly 500 years old. This Gharana flourished under the patronage of the king of Dumraon Raj. The dhrupad style (vanis) of the gharana is Gauhar, Khandar and Nauharvani.The living legends of this gharana is
2007:
Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose specialty is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by
1577:
Alap: a rhythmically free improvisation on the rules for the raga in order to give life to the raga and flesh out its characteristics. The alap is followed by a long slow-tempo improvisation in vocal music, or by the jod and jhala in instrumental
1769:
Dhrupad music is primarily devotional in theme and content. It contains recitals in praise of particular deities. Dhrupad compositions begin with a relatively long and acyclic alap, where the syllables of the following mantra is recited:
814:
School's early batches became respected musicians and teachers in North India. This brought respect to musicians, who were treated with disdain earlier. This also helped spread of
Hindustani classical music to masses from royal courts.
2057:. The themes covered are usually romantic in nature, hence giving more importance to lyrics rather than Raag, and bringing out the storytelling qualities of music. The need to express these strong emotional aesthetics makes Thumri and
1294:
spread
Hindustani classical music to the masses in general by organizing music conferences, starting schools, teaching music in classrooms, devising a standardized grading and testing system, and standardizing the notation system.
1675:
Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric, insofar as the musical forms were designed primarily for a vocal performance, and many instruments were designed and evaluated as to how well they emulate the human voice.
2168:
amongst the North Indian literary elite. The Ghazal genre is characterized by its romance, and its discourses on the various shades of love. Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across
1391:
Indian classical music has seven basic notes with five interspersed half-notes, resulting in a 12-note scale. Unlike the 12-note scale in
Western music, the base frequency of the scale is not fixed, and intertonal gaps
1335:
system that reorganized
Carnatic tradition in the 17th century. The ragas that exist today were categorized according to this scheme, although there are some inconsistencies and ambiguities in Bhatkande's system.
1248:("mentor-protégé") tradition. This system had many benefits but also several drawbacks. In many cases, the shishya had to spend most of his time, serving his guru with the hope that the guru might teach him a "
1001:"), revealing an influx of ideas from Islamic culture. This text is the last to be mentioned by both the Carnatic and the Hindustani traditions and is often thought to date the divergence between the two.
2205:
is also regarded as one of the most important instruments, due to its functioning as a fundamental layer that the rest of the instruments adhere to throughout a performance. Among bowed instruments, the
1849:, and Vidur Mallick. At present Prem Kumar Mallick, Prashant and Nishant Mallick are the Dhrupad vocalists of this tradition. A Very ancient 500 years old Dhrupad Gharana from Bihar is Dumraon Gharana,
1436:
is a Sanskrit scripture describing the theory of music and its applications in not just musical form and systems but also in physics, medicine and magic. It is said that there are two types of sound:
1782:
The alap gradually unfolds into more rhythmic jod and jhala sections. These sections are followed by a rendition of bandish, with the pakhawaj as an accompaniment. The great Indian musician
1973:
Another vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to convey a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert. They consist of a few lines of
1134:
Much of the musical forms innovated by these pioneers merged with the Hindu tradition, composed in the popular language of the people (as opposed to Sanskrit) in the work of composers like
1637:. Continues to explore the upper octave of a Raag just like an Antara, but with more expansive phrases. This is often where the poet's name resides as a signature for Dhrupad compositions.
2068:
2290:
since 1977 is a voluntary youth movement which promotes intangible aspects of Indian cultural heritage by promoting Indian classical music and other traditional art forms of India.
666:. Hindustani classical music is an integral part of the culture of India and is performed across the country and internationally. Exponents of Hindustani classical music, including
1617:: The first body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition. Explores the upper octave of a Raag. In Khayal compositions, this is sometimes where the poet's name can be found.
1193:) as the language for classical songs. He himself penned several volumes of compositions on religious and secular themes and was also responsible for the major compilation, the
1359:'s first recordings of Indian music in 1902. With the advance of films and other public media, musicians started to make their living through public performances. A number of
3445:
1905:
and derived from the Persian/Arabic term, is a two- to eight-line lyric set to a melody. Khyal contains a greater variety of embellishments and ornamentations compared to
412:
1061:
adopted many aspects from the Hindu culture from their kingdoms. This helped spur the fusion of Hindu and Muslim ideas to bring forth new forms of musical synthesis like
1447:
There are three main 'Saptak' which resemble to the 'Octaves' in Western Music except they characterize total seven notes or 'swaras' instead of eight. These are-- low (
807:
times is the tradition of religious neutrality: Muslim ustads may sing compositions in praise of Hindu deities, and Hindu pandits may sing similar Islamic compositions.
3798:
1818:
1814:
2045:, (r. 1847–1856). There are three types of thumri: poorab ang, Lucknavi, and Punjabi thumri. The lyrics are primarily in older, more rural Hindi dialects such as
1850:
1939:
The origin of Khyal is controversial, although it is accepted that this style was based on dhrupad and influenced by other musical traditions. Many argue that
4064:
1854:
1131:
bear a closer affinity to the modern khyal. They suggest that while khyal already existed in some form, Sadarang may have been the father of modern khyal.
2638:
1323:, which suggested a transcription of Indian music, and described the many traditions in this notation. Finally, it suggested a possible categorization of
4638:
3394:
1863:
1830:
4215:
3963:
3194:
3189:
1826:
3832:
3438:
2193:, a string instrument, was traditionally regarded as the most important, but few play it today and it has largely been superseded by its cousins the
4140:
3837:
535:
405:
4271:
4074:
4049:
3993:
3371:
2546:
4312:
4029:
2344:
3791:
6206:
5387:
5008:
4281:
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3366:
1557:
Both systems repeat at the octave. The difference between sargam and solfege is that re, ga, ma, dha, and ni can refer to either "Natural" (
4044:
3431:
1858:
729:
In medieval times, the melodic systems were fused with ideas from Persian music, particularly through the influence of Sufi composers like
1805:
Some of the best known vocalists who sing in the Dhrupad style are the members of the Dagar lineage, including the senior Dagar brothers,
5457:
3907:
3026:
1717:
1620:
1463:
Each octave resonates with a certain part of the body, low octave in the heart, medium octave in the throat and high octave in the head.
398:
17:
6196:
1470:. The melodic foundations are called ragas. One possible classification of ragas is into "melodic modes" or "parent scales", known as
5912:
4982:
3872:
3847:
2443:
literally means "that which is heard". One of its senses refers to the "received" texts of the vedas; here it means notes of a scale.
1956:
3784:
841:
are presented as spirits who are musical masters, and the gandharva style looks to music primarily for pleasure, accompanied by the
3207:
1701:
2453:
4395:
4034:
1224:. Many musician families obtained large grants of land which made them self-sufficient, at least for a few generations (e.g. the
4345:
2750:
1841:, who have received training from some of the Dagars. Leading vocalists outside the Dagar lineage include the Mallik family of
1197:("Book of Curiosity"), which outlined the major forms of music prevalent at the time. In particular, the musical form known as
6027:
1758:
as instrumental accompaniments. The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in
5332:
2493:
2417:
1020:. Related instruments include the medieval Iranian rubab, the rubab of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India, the Indian
528:
2329:
1444:(unstruck/inaudible). The inaudible sound is said to be the principle of all manifestation, the basis of all existence.
6434:
6216:
5882:
4628:
3532:
3257:
2583:
1044:. The family of instruments blended Persian and Indian cultures, and has been played by Hindus, Buddhists and Muslims.
6314:
6097:
5105:
5039:
2719:
2700:
2681:
2653:
2530:
1409:
1375:. Meanwhile, Hindustani classical music has become popular across the world through the influence of artists such as
1301:
emerged as a talented musician and organizer despite being blind from age of 12. His books on music, as well as the
5572:
5024:
4987:
2275:
6439:
6221:
5407:
5277:
5117:
5110:
1123:
form, but the record of his compositions does not appear to support this. The compositions by the court musician
521:
1096:. He is credited with systematizing some aspects of Hindustani music and also introducing several ragas such as
868:(where its meaning is more literal, meaning "color" or "mood"), it finds a clearer expression in what is called
6201:
5902:
5122:
3523:
2286:
appeared in the early 1970s. The Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical Music And Culture Amongst Youth
1208:
After the dissolution of the Mughal empire, the patronage of music continued in smaller princely kingdoms like
1351:
helped bring the artists to public attention, countering the loss of the patronage system. The first star was
6231:
5712:
5029:
3267:
6062:
5197:
5071:
1372:
1283:
was the last of the modern-era Maharajas to patronize Hindustani classical musicians, singers and dancers.
690:
Around the 12th century, Hindustani classical music diverged from what eventually came to be identified as
980:
from the 12th century was perhaps the earliest musical composition sung in the classical tradition called
710:. It is melodic music, with no concept of harmony. These principles were refined in the musical treatises
6282:
6211:
6102:
5382:
5061:
4977:
2430:
A Study of Dattilam: A Treatise on the Sacred Music of Ancient India, 1978, p 283, Mukunda Lāṭha, Dattila
2267:
2259:
1633:: The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in
1582:
Tans are of several types like Shuddha, Koot, Mishra, Vakra, Sapaat, Saral, Chhoot, Halaq, Jabda, Murki
6387:
6186:
6107:
5487:
5432:
4623:
4338:
3217:
2743:
1245:
1244:
Until the late 19th century, Hindustani classical music was imparted on a one-on-one basis through the
660:
Knowledge of Hindustani classical music is taught through a network of classical music schools, called
6429:
6287:
5847:
5129:
4495:
4450:
3252:
2520:
2339:
2165:
1901:
is the modern Hindustani form of vocal music. Khyal, literally meaning "thought" or "imagination" in
1846:
1315:
1291:
769:
2148:
became the most common poetic form in the Urdu language and was popularized by classical poets like
1750:
Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers. It is performed with a
6361:
5967:
5862:
5812:
5782:
5083:
4875:
4425:
2283:
1298:
1287:
847:
810:
691:
1993:
of Carnatic music is based on the tarana, although the former is primarily associated with dance.
1932:, the emotional significance of the khyal. The singer improvises and finds inspiration within the
1597:: a fixed, melodic composition set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a
6176:
6142:
5076:
3988:
3277:
3212:
1601:
or pakhavaj. There are different ways of systematizing the parts of a composition. For example:
1303:
960:
2607:
5667:
5522:
5100:
4818:
4643:
4455:
3337:
2796:
2778:
2773:
2009:
1799:
574:
552:
428:
1009:
6127:
6077:
5977:
5947:
5927:
5302:
5056:
5034:
4774:
4648:
4331:
4251:
3232:
2736:
1810:
1806:
1271:
after 1857, the Lucknavi musical tradition came to influence the music of the renaissance in
2038:
Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of
1989:
dance set to a tune. The singer uses these few lines as a basis for fast improvisation. The
1928:
The importance of the khyal's content is for the singer to depict, through music in the set
1762:, a medieval form of North and East Indian languages that were spoken in Eastern India. The
6017:
5987:
5982:
5907:
5807:
5787:
5587:
5427:
5227:
5172:
5066:
5044:
4870:
4823:
3347:
3342:
3282:
3071:
2095:
1371:, flourished. In more modern times, corporate support has also been forthcoming, as at the
646:
2258:
One of the earliest modern music festivals focusing on Hindustani classical music was the
780:
based on their notes. This is a very flawed system but is somewhat useful as a heuristic.
8:
6247:
6117:
6037:
5942:
5922:
5757:
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5327:
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5139:
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4681:
4480:
3327:
1902:
1169:
As the Mughal Empire came into closer contact with Hindus, especially under Jalal ud-Din
556:
1943:
created the style in the late 14th century. This form was popularized by Mughal Emperor
1623:: The third body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in
6309:
6277:
6132:
5997:
5952:
5837:
5792:
5722:
5672:
5557:
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5134:
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4605:
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3292:
3262:
3149:
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2540:
2379:
1845:
of musicians; some of the leading exponents of this tradition were Ram Chatur Mallick,
1150:
movement) which remained influential across several centuries; notable figures include
1017:
1013:
965:
2514:
2395:
2380:"Connecting Histories: Liturgical Songs as Classical Compositions in Hindustānī Music"
6267:
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5852:
5827:
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5297:
5282:
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5093:
4940:
4928:
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3302:
3099:
2786:
2715:
2696:
2677:
2649:
2589:
2579:
2526:
2494:"Marathi News, Latest Marathi News, Marathi News Paper, Marathi News Paper in Mumbai"
2454:"Marathi News, Latest Marathi News, Marathi News Paper, Marathi News Paper in Mumbai"
2399:
2123:
2115:
2054:
1842:
1834:
1798:
the twentieth century. However, the efforts by a few proponents, especially from the
1236:
traditions continued to develop and interact with the different gharanas and groups.
989:
642:
492:
6299:
6181:
6137:
6122:
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5887:
5802:
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5732:
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5592:
5547:
5542:
5507:
5492:
5467:
5442:
5437:
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5392:
5367:
5357:
5307:
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4150:
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3332:
3287:
3247:
3242:
3202:
3173:
3107:
2956:
2552:
2516:
2391:
2234:
are the most popular. Rarely used plucked or struck string instruments include the
2087:
2072:
2061:
a perfect match, which, before Thumri became a solo form, were performed together.
1822:
1522:
1393:
1344:
1280:
1085:
1081:
754:
654:
650:
622:
366:
59:
1263:
declined in the early 20th century, so did their patronage. With the expulsion of
6319:
6257:
6191:
6152:
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6082:
6072:
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6012:
5937:
5897:
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5527:
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5472:
5377:
5322:
5292:
5287:
5267:
5257:
5192:
5019:
4967:
4900:
4885:
4813:
4799:
4691:
4525:
4460:
4390:
4069:
3897:
3862:
3740:
3735:
3720:
3322:
3312:
3307:
3272:
2091:
2050:
1660:: A medium tempo melodic composition, usually set in andante to allegretto speeds
1529:
1340:
1202:
1186:
1073:
1049:
758:
638:
610:
361:
356:
341:
159:
4520:
3776:
1189:(1486–1516 CE) also participated in the shift from Sanskrit to the local idiom (
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6294:
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6226:
6147:
6057:
6022:
6002:
5992:
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5262:
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4155:
4130:
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3725:
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3478:
3227:
3222:
3021:
2951:
2885:
2830:
2804:
2759:
2042:
2017:
2013:
1838:
1787:
1697:
1684:
The major vocal forms or styles associated with Hindustani classical music are
1614:
1543:
1433:
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1264:
1225:
934:
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614:
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472:
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245:
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894:) comprising one octave. It also discusses various arrangements of the notes (
6423:
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5857:
5822:
5702:
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5372:
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4165:
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3902:
3760:
3755:
3692:
3647:
3626:
3423:
3165:
3079:
2905:
2403:
2189:
Many musical instruments are associated with Hindustani classical music. The
2141:
1944:
1869:
1713:
1669:: A fast tempo melodic composition, usually set to allegretto speed or faster
1570:
1515:
1501:
1364:
1356:
1249:
1217:
1213:
1201:
saw considerable development in his court and remained a strong point of the
1128:
1053:
906:
or elaboration. Dattilam categorizes melodic structure into 18 groups called
864:
734:
712:
671:
381:
376:
311:
265:
2593:
682:, the highest civilian award of India, for their contributions to the arts.
6413:
6401:
6347:
5088:
4962:
4848:
4759:
4743:
4708:
4618:
4545:
4430:
4261:
4230:
4190:
4160:
4145:
4115:
4105:
4089:
4084:
3968:
3912:
3822:
3750:
3730:
3677:
3493:
3237:
3084:
2971:
2814:
2334:
2321:
2307:
2247:
2170:
2149:
2119:
2103:
2099:
1947:
through his court musicians; some well-known composers of this period were
1940:
1467:
1376:
1097:
1077:
1037:
998:
976:
926:
842:
717:
706:
695:
679:
675:
497:
456:
371:
351:
301:
69:
1766:, an ancient string instrument, is used in instrumental music in dhrupad.
1651:: A slow and steady melodic composition, usually in largo to adagio speeds
772:
consolidated the musical structures of Hindustani classical music, called
4950:
4764:
4713:
4686:
4613:
4380:
4307:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4235:
4175:
4024:
4019:
3953:
3927:
3917:
3877:
3857:
3550:
3000:
2174:
2111:
2107:
2046:
1974:
1881:
1763:
1147:
1093:
1057:
742:
730:
634:
124:
2186:
and partly because of a language barrier for the lyrics in vocal music.
4895:
4860:
4595:
4550:
3958:
3948:
3580:
3297:
3089:
3052:
2287:
2263:
2239:
2223:
2021:
1873:
1759:
1655:
1352:
1311:
in 1901, helped foster a movement away from the closed gharana system.
1029:
590:
250:
211:
206:
164:
1396:) may also vary. The performance is set to a melodic pattern called a
764:
After the 16th century, the singing styles diversified into different
6252:
4580:
4412:
4256:
4225:
4180:
3513:
2578:. Daniélou, Alain. (2014 ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
2474:
The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras - Volume 62 -1991 - Page 157
1776:
Om Anant tam Taran Tarini Twam Hari Om Narayan, Anant Hari Om Narayan
1332:
1256:
1159:
1155:
1112:, Naqsh, Gul, Qaul and Qalbana. A number of instruments (such as the
1025:
981:
838:
830:
746:
618:
2712:
Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India
2250:. Various other instruments have also been used in varying degrees.
4703:
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4200:
4185:
4110:
4014:
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3667:
3590:
3047:
2840:
2235:
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2080:
1982:
1948:
1755:
1646:
1413:
1268:
1163:
1151:
1124:
971:
950:
930:
882:. The Dattilam is focused on Gandharva music and discusses scales (
874:
722:
602:
482:
185:
119:
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2219:
2215:
2207:
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1990:
1952:
1906:
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1624:
1593:
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154:
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134:
79:
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2226:
are important wind instruments. In the percussion ensemble, the
1736:; these do not adhere to the rigorous rules of classical music.
1485:. Hindustani musicians name these pitches using a system called
1220:, giving rise to the diversity of styles that is today known as
4779:
4515:
4470:
4435:
4420:
4205:
4170:
4079:
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1986:
1968:
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1705:
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The rhythmic organization is based on rhythmic patterns called
1368:
1308:
1272:
1229:
1174:
1173:, music and dance also flourished. In particular, the musician
1143:
1109:
1101:
1089:
914:. The names of the Jatis reflect regional origins, for example
891:
826:
822:
794:
789:
761:
revitalized classical Hindustani music in the 16-18th century.
738:
321:
306:
291:
281:
260:
129:
104:
910:, which are the fundamental melodic structures similar to the
573:
literally means classical music, and is also used to refer to
4997:
4633:
4555:
4485:
4354:
4135:
3983:
3922:
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3616:
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2039:
2002:
1978:
1910:
1898:
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1725:
1689:
1608:
1598:
1486:
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1471:
1417:
1328:
1260:
1209:
1190:
1170:
1139:
1135:
1120:
1113:
1066:
1041:
1021:
883:
852:
834:
799:
784:
777:
626:
586:
582:
578:
509:
477:
296:
286:
255:
180:
139:
114:
109:
74:
54:
2501:
2461:
2201:, both of which owe their origin to Persian influences. The
1786:
sang in the dhrupad style. A lighter form of dhrupad called
1004:
601:. While Carnatic music largely uses compositions written in
4784:
4575:
3807:
3483:
3057:
2961:
2941:
2279:
2161:
1933:
1929:
1791:
1664:
1475:
1324:
1233:
1119:
Amir Khusrau is sometimes credited with the origins of the
954:
911:
878:, a text composed shortly after or around the same time as
804:
773:
700:
630:
487:
64:
694:.The central notion in both systems is that of a melodic
436:
4323:
1857:
was founder of this prestigious Gharana.Dumraon Gharana
1642:
There are three variations of bandish, regarding tempo:
898:), the permutations and combinations of note-sequences (
621:, Hindustani music largely uses compositions written in
27:
Art music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent
2177:, as well as other countries and regions of the world.
925:
Music also finds mention in a number of texts from the
2648:. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd.
768:
patronized in different princely courts. Around 1900,
6385:
2667:. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd.
2483:
India's Kathak Dance Past, Present, Future: - Page 28
1627:. Usually explores the lower section of a given Raag.
2693:
Shruti : A Listener's Guide to Hindustani Music
2297:
1481:
Thaats may consist of up to seven scale degrees, or
4639:
Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries
2024:were very popular in 18th and 19th-century Bengal.
1868:A section of dhrupad singers of Delhi Gharana from
957:texts from the earliest periods of the common era.
2600:
1921:as well as movements to incorporate dhrupad-style
1790:, is sung primarily during the spring festival of
3806:
2646:A Comparative Study of Selected Hindustāni Rāga-s
1427:
829:from Hindu tradition are accomplished musicians;
741:flourished, along with religious groups like the
577:in general. It is played on instruments like the
6421:
2690:
2671:
2662:
2643:
1478:can be classified based on the notes they use.
1314:Paluskar's contemporary (and occasional rival)
987:In the 13th century, Sharangadeva composed the
3453:
2345:Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal
1611:phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition
803:. An aspect of Hindustani music going back to
4339:
3792:
3439:
2744:
933:mentions several kinds of veena (Parivadini,
529:
406:
2418:"Indian artists who became the Bharat Ratna"
2710:Orsini, F. and Butler Schofield K. (2015).
2608:"Many Bihari artists ignored by SPIC MACAY"
2545:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
851:, the Naga king Ashvatara asks to know the
559:'s northern regions. It may also be called
4346:
4332:
3799:
3785:
3446:
3432:
2783:Semi Classical music/Light classical music
2751:
2737:
1400:characterized in part by specific ascent (
536:
522:
413:
399:
4983:Music technology (electronic and digital)
2515:Hindustani Sangeeta Paddhati (4 volumes,
2086:Some recent performers of this genre are
1108:. He created six genres of music: khyal,
1005:During the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal era
2063:
2020:. "Nidhubabur Tappa", or tappas sung by
1679:
1489:, the equivalent of the Western movable
1008:
2555:, this book has been widely translated.
1142:. This can be seen as part of a larger
817:
14:
6422:
2639:Indian Classical Music and Western Pop
1884:, giving rise to the Bettiah Gharana.
1833:. Other leading exponents include the
1327:based on their notes into a number of
937:), as well as percussion instruments (
890:in terms of 22 micro-tonal intervals (
5162:
4521:Vietnam imperial court music—Nhã nhạc
4327:
3780:
3427:
2732:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
1977:either from the rhythmic language of
1072:The most influential musician of the
1048:The advent of Islamic rule under the
886:), defining a tonal framework called
2525:. Sangeet Karyalaya (1990 reprint).
1416:) notes and characteristic phrases (
1339:In modern times, the government-run
1116:) were also introduced in his time.
1016:1660–1670. Musician plays a form of
2714:. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers.
2330:List of composers who created ragas
2140:In the Indian sub-continent during
1146:tradition (strongly related to the
24:
6197:Classical and art music traditions
4629:History of lute-family instruments
4446:Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat
2632:
2576:The Rāgas of Northern Indian music
2558:
2377:
2012:or Shori Mian, a court singer for
1386:
1286:Also, at the turn of the century,
1275:, giving rise to the tradition of
589:. It diverged in the 12th century
25:
6451:
2396:10.5406/ethnomusicology.57.2.0207
1925:have led to it becoming popular.
1802:family, have led to its revival.
6407:
6395:
6369:
6368:
6355:
6341:
5913:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5388:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4988:Sound recording and reproduction
4441:Burmese classical music—Mahāgīta
3522:
2758:
2314:
2300:
2276:Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival
1696:. Light classical forms include
1281:Raja Chakradhar Singh of Raigarh
1279:around the turn of the century.
783:Distinguished musicians who are
737:courts, noted composers such as
566:Uttar Bhartiya shastriya sangeet
435:
6217:Jazz and popular music glossary
2508:
1355:, whose career was born out of
1307:music school that he opened in
1032:, the Nepali-Tibetan-Bhutanese
949:). Music also finds mention in
726:(probably 3rd–4th century CE).
5458:Federated States of Micronesia
2986:Principles of Hindustani music
2486:
2477:
2468:
2446:
2433:
2424:
2410:
2371:
2357:
2282:, while festivals such as the
2246:, and various versions of the
2180:
1428:Principles of Hindustani music
993:, which has names such as the
704:, sung to a rhythmic cycle or
13:
1:
4501:Philippine art songs—Kundiman
4421:Afghan classical music—Klasik
2350:
1813:; the junior Dagar brothers,
1239:
597:, the classical tradition of
6362:Record production portal
6207:Cultural and regional genres
4466:Indonesian art music—Gamelan
2253:
1373:ITC Sangeet Research Academy
1321:Hindustani Sangeeta Paddhati
561:North Indian classical music
7:
4978:Music technology (electric)
4516:Thai classical music—Piphat
4471:Japanese court music—Gagaku
3208:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2293:
2270:notably debuted in 1952 in
2268:Dover Lane Music Conference
2260:Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan
1880:under the patronage of the
1331:(modes), subsequent to the
1255:First, as the power of the
1080:(1253–1325), a composer in
18:Hindustani classical singer
10:
6456:
4624:History of the harpsichord
4511:Kandyan dance of Sri Lanka
3455:Hindustani classical music
2866:Hindustani classical music
2133:
2031:
2000:
1966:
1891:
1743:
1739:
720:(2nd–3rd century CE), and
685:
549:Hindustani classical music
36:Hindustani classical music
6435:Pakistani styles of music
6335:
6240:
6169:
5169:
5155:
5006:
4916:
4798:
4739:
4661:
4604:
4534:
4451:Chinese traditional music
4411:
4361:
4353:
4300:
4244:
4098:
4002:
3941:
3815:
3711:
3635:
3599:
3531:
3520:
3461:
3393:
3356:
3258:Kashmir, Jammu and Ladakh
3182:
3158:
3142:
3135:
3098:
3070:
3040:
3009:
2985:
2924:
2873:
2864:
2823:
2795:
2766:
2691:Bagchee, Sandeep (2006).
2672:Bagchee, Sandeep (1998).
2522:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
2340:Persian traditional music
2129:
2027:
1962:
1316:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
1292:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
1228:gharana). Meanwhile, the
1162:(14th–15th century), and
837:is the goddess of music.
770:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
5333:Central African Republic
4876:Computational musicology
4426:Andalusi classical music
3183:Region wise Indian Music
2663:Moutal, Patrick (1991).
2644:Moutal, Patrick (1991).
2574:Alain, Daniélou (2014).
2378:Ho, Meilu (1 May 2013).
2284:ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan
1996:
1887:
1299:Vishnu Digambar Paluskar
1288:Vishnu Digambar Paluskar
848:Vishnudharmottara Purana
811:Vishnu Digambar Paluskar
692:Carnatic classical music
6222:Music genres and styles
4526:Western classical music
4496:Persian classical music
3810:as per performance time
3199:Karnataka Sugam sangeet
3170:Light songs in the play
2665:Hindustāni Rāga-s Index
1819:Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar
1304:Gandharva Mahavidyalaya
6440:Indian styles of music
6202:Classical music genres
5278:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4819:Doctor of Musical Arts
4644:History of the trumpet
4456:Indian classical music
2797:Indian classical music
2779:Indian classical music
2774:Music in ancient India
2083:
2010:Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori
1780:
1181:At the royal house of
1045:
862:is articulated in the
678:have been awarded the
575:Indian classical music
429:Indian classical music
6028:São Tomé and Príncipe
5903:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5883:Republic of the Congo
4649:History of the violin
3636:Semi-classical genres
3041:Variations of Bandish
2874:Types of compositions
2262:, founded in 1875 in
2071:
1936:to depict the khyal.
1876:'s court migrated to
1851:Pt. Tilak Chand Dubey
1811:Nasir Aminuddin Dagar
1772:
1680:Types of compositions
1561:) or altered "Flat" (
1440:(struck/audible) and
1408:) sequences, "king" (
1012:
6098:United Arab Emirates
5163:
4871:Cognitive musicology
3072:Semi-classical music
2504:on 4 September 2012.
2096:Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
1913:'s features such as
1205:for many centuries.
818:Sanskritic tradition
787:may be addressed as
672:Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
668:Ustad Bismillah Khan
6248:Aesthetics of music
6063:Trinidad and Tobago
5198:Antigua and Barbuda
4682:Band (rock and pop)
4606:Musical instruments
4481:Lao classical music
3357:Language wise Music
2464:on 21 October 2009.
1843:Darbhanga tradition
1474:, under which most
1187:Raja Mansingh Tomar
733:, and later in the
557:Indian subcontinent
6310:Musical instrument
6278:Music and politics
5408:Dominican Republic
5156:By sovereign state
4476:Korean court music
4436:Azerbaijani Mugham
3150:Music of Bollywood
3136:Indian Light Music
3123:Uttarakhandi Music
2676:. BPI Publishers.
2613:The Times of India
2144:rule, the Persian
2084:
1855:Pt. Ghanarang Baba
1363:, such as that of
1046:
966:Sangita Makarandha
793:and those who are
745:. Artists such as
6383:
6382:
6268:Music and fashion
6263:Music and emotion
6165:
6164:
5433:Equatorial Guinea
4929:A-side and B-side
4834:Music archaeology
4809:Bachelor of Music
4657:
4656:
4591:Psychedelic music
4586:Progressive music
4506:Scottish Ceòl Mór
4321:
4320:
4292:Vrindavani Sarang
4060:Puriya Dhanashree
3774:
3773:
3421:
3420:
3395:Maharashtra music
3389:
3388:
3218:Arunachal Pradesh
3159:Indian play music
3143:Indian film music
3100:Indian folk music
3066:
3065:
2787:Indian folk music
2616:. 13 October 2001
2214:are popular. The
2124:Chhannulal Mishra
2116:Siddheshwari Devi
2069:
1864:Pt. Ramjee Mishra
1835:Gundecha Brothers
1831:Sayeeduddin Dagar
1635:Dhrupad bandishes
1625:dhrupad bandishes
990:Sangita Ratnakara
571:shastriya sangeet
546:
545:
423:
422:
329:
328:
219:
218:
16:(Redirected from
6447:
6430:Hindustani music
6412:
6411:
6410:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6391:
6372:
6371:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6348:Music portal
6346:
6345:
6344:
6300:Music technology
6288:Environmentalism
6241:Related articles
5848:Papua New Guinea
5713:Marshall Islands
5160:
5159:
5106:Central American
4844:Music psychology
4729:Backing vocalist
4566:Electronic music
4409:
4408:
4363:History of music
4348:
4341:
4334:
4325:
4324:
4216:Malkauns Pancham
3964:Madhyamad Sarang
3801:
3794:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3526:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3253:Himachal Pradesh
3203:Goa trance music
3195:Rajasthani Music
3174:Sugama Sangeetha
3140:
3139:
3108:Rabindra Sangeet
3010:Types of Bandish
2871:
2870:
2810:Hindustani music
2753:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2706:
2687:
2668:
2659:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2571:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2536:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2500:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2460:. Archived from
2450:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2088:Abdul Karim Khan
2073:Abdul Karim Khan
2070:
1815:Nasir Zahiruddin
1523:Madhyama (music)
1345:Bangladesh Betar
1166:(1555–1603 CE).
1154:(11th century),
1127:in the court of
855:from Saraswati.
755:Brahmanand Swami
538:
531:
524:
452:Hindustani music
439:
425:
424:
415:
408:
401:
230:
229:
94:
93:
32:
31:
21:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6408:
6406:
6396:
6394:
6386:
6384:
6379:
6356:
6354:
6342:
6340:
6331:
6258:Fictional music
6236:
6161:
5968:Solomon Islands
5813:North Macedonia
5165:
5151:
5013:
5011:regional genres
5010:
5002:
4968:Record producer
4912:
4901:Sociomusicology
4886:Ethnomusicology
4814:Master of Music
4794:
4753:
4735:
4692:All-female band
4675:
4653:
4600:
4537:
4530:
4486:Mandé art music
4461:Byzantine music
4407:
4357:
4352:
4322:
4317:
4296:
4240:
4094:
3998:
3937:
3863:Bilaskhani Todi
3833:Bairagi Bhairav
3811:
3805:
3775:
3770:
3707:
3631:
3595:
3527:
3518:
3457:
3452:
3422:
3417:
3385:
3352:
3178:
3154:
3131:
3094:
3062:
3036:
3005:
2981:
2920:
2860:
2819:
2791:
2762:
2757:
2722:
2703:
2684:
2656:
2635:
2633:Further reading
2630:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2586:
2572:
2559:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2519:) (1909–1932).
2513:
2509:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2384:Ethnomusicology
2376:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2256:
2183:
2138:
2132:
2092:Barkat Ali Khan
2090:, the brothers
2064:
2036:
2030:
2005:
1999:
1971:
1965:
1896:
1890:
1807:Nasir Moinuddin
1748:
1742:
1682:
1607:: The initial,
1430:
1412:) and "queen" (
1404:) and descent (
1389:
1387:Characteristics
1341:All India Radio
1242:
1203:Gwalior gharana
1158:(fl. 1375 CE),
1074:Delhi Sultanate
1050:Delhi Sultanate
1040:and the Uyghur
1007:
858:While the term
820:
759:Premanand Swami
688:
553:classical music
542:
419:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6417:
6416:
6404:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6365:
6351:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6327:Women in music
6324:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6315:Classification
6307:
6302:
6297:
6295:Music festival
6292:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6275:
6273:Music industry
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6143:Western Sahara
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6103:United Kingdom
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5383:Czech Republic
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5118:North American
5115:
5114:
5113:
5111:South American
5108:
5101:Latin American
5098:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5067:Middle Eastern
5064:
5059:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5016:
5014:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Audio engineer
4955:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:New musicology
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4697:Rhythm section
4694:
4689:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:Chandani Kedar
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3838:Basant Mukhari
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3278:Madhya Pradesh
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Andhra Pradesh
3210:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:Shruti (music)
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Carnatic music
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2707:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2599:
2585:978-8121502252
2584:
2557:
2551:Originally in
2531:
2507:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2445:
2432:
2423:
2420:. 26 May 2020.
2409:
2390:(2): 207–235.
2370:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2311:
2295:
2292:
2255:
2252:
2182:
2179:
2134:Main article:
2131:
2128:
2043:Wajid Ali Shah
2032:Main article:
2029:
2026:
2018:Nawab of Awadh
2014:Asaf-Ud-Dowlah
2001:Main article:
1998:
1995:
1967:Main article:
1964:
1961:
1892:Main article:
1889:
1886:
1847:Siyaram Tiwari
1839:Uday Bhawalkar
1744:Main article:
1741:
1738:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1612:
1580:
1579:
1565:) or "Sharp" (
1555:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1518:गान्धार) = Mi
1512:
1505:
1434:Gandharva Veda
1429:
1426:
1388:
1385:
1381:Ali Akbar Khan
1349:Radio Pakistan
1277:Ragpradhan gan
1265:Wajid Ali Shah
1241:
1238:
1226:Sham Chaurasia
1058:northern India
1052:and later the
1006:
1003:
941:), the flute (
819:
816:
687:
684:
599:Southern India
595:Carnatic music
544:
543:
541:
540:
533:
526:
518:
515:
514:
513:
512:
507:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
467:
466:
462:
461:
460:
459:
454:
449:
447:Carnatic music
441:
440:
432:
431:
421:
420:
418:
417:
410:
403:
395:
392:
391:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
336:
335:
331:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
276:
275:
271:
270:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
235:
234:
226:
225:
221:
220:
217:
216:
215:
214:
209:
204:
196:
195:
191:
190:
189:
188:
183:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
99:
98:
90:
89:
85:
84:
83:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6452:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6376:
6375:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6305:Music therapy
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6168:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:United States
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5668:Liechtenstein
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Guinea-Bissau
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5009:Cultural and
5005:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4936:Extended play
4934:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4907:
4906:Zoomusicology
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4881:Ecomusicology
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Biomusicology
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Music history
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:Improvisation
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Lead vocalist
4722:
4721:
4720:
4719:Military band
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:Hip hop music
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4561:Country music
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:Ottoman music
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4272:JanaSammohini
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Gorakh Kalyan
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Bhinna Shadja
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:Shuddh Kalyan
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:Amrith Kalyan
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3994:Shuddh Sarang
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Kannada music
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:Marathi Music
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Uttar Pradesh
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Natya Sangeet
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:Bihu of Assam
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Natya Sangeet
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2723:
2721:9781783741021
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2702:81-291-0903-4
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2683:81-86982-07-8
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2655:81-215-0526-7
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2534:
2532:81-85057-35-4
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2427:
2419:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2312:
2309:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2075:performing a
2074:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:Mohammad Shah
1942:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1546:निषाद) = Ti
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:Alauddin Khan
1362:
1358:
1357:Fred Gaisberg
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1129:Muhammad Shah
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:, as well as
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1054:Mughal Empire
1051:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:Turushka Todi
992:
991:
985:
983:
979:
978:
973:
968:
967:
962:
958:
956:
952:
948:
945:) and conch (
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:Natya Shastra
877:
876:
871:
867:
866:
865:Natya Shastra
861:
856:
854:
850:
849:
845:rasa. In the
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
812:
808:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
791:
786:
781:
779:
776:, into a few
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
724:
719:
715:
714:
713:Natya Shastra
709:
708:
703:
702:
697:
693:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
520:
519:
517:
516:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
468:
464:
463:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
442:
438:
434:
433:
430:
427:
426:
416:
411:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:
394:
393:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
337:
333:
332:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
274:Semiclassical
273:
272:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
232:
231:
228:
227:
223:
222:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
177:
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
140:Esraj/Dilruba
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
87:
86:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
34:
33:
30:
19:
6367:
6353:
6339:
6128:Vatican City
6078:Turkmenistan
5978:South Africa
5948:Sierra Leone
5928:Saudi Arabia
5303:Burkina Faso
4963:Record label
4849:Music school
4709:Concert band
4619:Angular harp
4546:Circus music
4431:Arabic music
4313:Miyan Malhar
4146:Chandrakauns
4090:Yaman Kalyan
4030:Hamsa Kalyan
3858:Bhoopal Todi
3823:Ahir Bhairav
3693:NatyaSangeet
3454:
3382:Assami music
3376:Telegu music
3233:Chhattisgarh
3085:Baithak Gana
2865:
2815:Odissi music
2809:
2760:Indian music
2711:
2692:
2673:
2664:
2645:
2618:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2575:
2521:
2510:
2502:the original
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2462:the original
2457:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2426:
2412:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2365:"Definition"
2359:
2335:Arabic maqam
2322:Music portal
2308:India portal
2257:
2248:slide guitar
2188:
2184:
2171:Central Asia
2150:Mir Taqi Mir
2139:
2120:Shobha Gurtu
2104:Nirmala Devi
2100:Begum Akhtar
2085:
2037:
2006:
1972:
1941:Amir Khusrau
1938:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1897:
1867:
1804:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1768:
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1683:
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1663:
1654:
1645:
1592:
1586:
1581:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1532:पञ्चम) = So
1525:मध्यम) = Fa
1490:
1480:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1422:
1397:
1390:
1377:Ravi Shankar
1338:
1320:
1313:
1302:
1297:
1285:
1276:
1254:
1246:guru-shishya
1243:
1207:
1194:
1180:
1168:
1133:
1118:
1098:Yaman Kalyan
1078:Amir Khusrau
1071:
1047:
1038:Pamiri rubab
994:
988:
986:
977:Gita Govinda
975:
964:
959:
946:
942:
927:Gupta period
924:
919:
915:
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903:
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879:
873:
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857:
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788:
782:
763:
743:Vaishnavites
728:
721:
711:
705:
699:
696:musical mode
689:
680:Bharat Ratna
676:Ravi Shankar
661:
659:
570:
565:
564:
560:
548:
547:
457:Odissi music
451:
35:
29:
6232:Terminology
6212:Instruments
6018:Switzerland
5988:South Sudan
5983:South Korea
5908:Saint Lucia
5863:Philippines
5808:North Korea
5788:New Zealand
5783:Netherlands
5588:Ivory Coast
5428:El Salvador
5173:Afghanistan
5140:Micronesian
4941:Compilation
4854:Composition
4749:Composition
4714:Disc jockey
4687:Backup band
4614:Arched Harp
4371:Prehistoric
4308:Gaud Malhar
4236:Tilak Kamod
4231:Shivranjani
4176:Jaijaivanti
4065:Sham Kalyan
3954:Gaud Sarang
3918:Nat Bhairav
3533:Instruments
3379:Tamil music
3367:Hindi music
3348:West Bengal
3343:Uttarakhand
3283:Maharashtra
3120:Ganasangeet
2278:in 1953 in
2181:Instruments
2175:Middle East
2112:Prabha Atre
2108:Girija Devi
2047:Brij Bhasha
1882:Bettiah Raj
1764:rudra veena
1553:षड्ज) = Do
1504:षड्ज) = Do
1394:temperament
1148:Vaishnavite
1094:Braj Bhasha
1076:period was
731:Amir Khusro
569:. The term
125:Rudra veena
88:Instruments
6424:Categories
6118:Uzbekistan
6038:Tajikistan
5943:Seychelles
5923:San Marino
5758:Mozambique
5748:Montenegro
5718:Mauritania
5683:Madagascar
5678:Luxembourg
5633:Kyrgyzstan
5608:Kazakhstan
5413:East Timor
5363:Costa Rica
5328:Cape Verde
5238:Bangladesh
5223:Azerbaijan
5145:Polynesian
5135:Melanesian
4917:Production
4896:Organology
4861:Musicology
4596:Soul music
4551:Folk music
4536:Vernacular
4257:Charukeshi
4045:Maru Bihag
4025:Hansdhwani
3959:Madhuvanti
3949:Bhimpalasi
3328:Tamil Nadu
3090:Sikh music
3053:Madhyalaya
2351:References
2288:SPIC MACAY
2264:Jallandhar
2240:sursringar
2022:Nidhu Babu
1903:Hindustani
1874:Shah Jahan
1859:Dist-Buxar
1827:Fariduddin
1823:Wasifuddin
1760:brajbhasha
1656:Madhyalaya
1539:धैवत) = La
1511:ऋषभ) = Re
1455:and high (
1353:Gauhar Jan
1257:maharajahs
1240:Modern era
1195:Mankutuhal
997:("Turkish
839:Gandharvas
647:Rajasthani
251:Sikh music
212:Swarmandal
207:Shruti box
165:Jal tarang
6253:Album era
6133:Venezuela
5998:Sri Lanka
5953:Singapore
5838:Palestine
5793:Nicaragua
5723:Mauritius
5673:Lithuania
5558:Indonesia
5513:Guatemala
5213:Australia
5203:Argentina
5123:Caribbean
5077:Southeast
4802:and study
4800:Education
4790:Technique
4671:Ensembles
4581:Pop music
4413:Art music
4391:Religious
4181:Jhinjhoti
4151:Chhayanat
3942:Afternoon
3908:Kalingada
3581:Harmonium
3514:Swaralipi
3318:Rajasthan
3293:Meghalaya
3268:Karnataka
3263:Jharkhand
3027:Sanchaari
2541:cite book
2439:The term
2404:0014-1836
2254:Festivals
2224:harmonium
1718:tap-khyal
1621:Sanchaari
1333:Melakarta
1160:Chandidas
1156:Vidyapati
1026:sursingar
982:Ashtapadi
896:Murchhana
833:with her
831:Saraswati
747:Dalptaram
619:Malayalam
233:Classical
160:Harmonium
6374:Category
6187:Timeline
6158:Zimbabwe
6048:Thailand
6043:Tanzania
6008:Suriname
5963:Slovenia
5958:Slovakia
5873:Portugal
5853:Paraguay
5828:Pakistan
5743:Mongolia
5698:Maldives
5693:Malaysia
5618:Kiribati
5538:Honduras
5453:Ethiopia
5448:Eswatini
5403:Dominica
5398:Djibouti
5353:Colombia
5318:Cameroon
5313:Cambodia
5298:Bulgaria
5283:Botswana
5243:Barbados
5130:Oceanian
5084:European
5040:Southern
4973:Sampling
4770:Notation
4704:Big band
4666:Musician
4396:Biblical
4252:Bhairavi
4226:Rageshri
4211:Malkauns
4201:Malgunji
4186:Kalavati
4111:Bageshri
4070:Shankara
4015:Bhoopali
3898:Jaunpuri
3853:Bhatiyar
3746:Bhairavi
3668:Bhatiali
3591:Pakhavaj
3462:Concepts
3303:Nagaland
3190:Bhojpuri
3048:Vilambit
2957:Bhairavi
2841:Alankara
2824:Concepts
2695:. Rupa.
2620:16 March
2594:39028809
2498:Loksatta
2458:Loksatta
2294:See also
2236:surbahar
2232:pakhavaj
2230:and the
2197:and the
2081:Bhairavi
2079:in Raag
2055:Bhojpuri
1983:Pakhawaj
1949:Sadarang
1872:emperor
1756:pakhawaj
1647:Vilambit
1516:Gāndhāra
1451:medium (
1449:mandra),
1414:samavadi
1361:Gurukuls
1269:Calcutta
1222:gharanas
1164:Meerabai
1152:Jayadeva
1125:Sadarang
1014:Golkonda
972:Jayadeva
951:Buddhist
935:Vipanchi
931:Kalidasa
920:Oudichya
904:alankara
875:Dattilam
766:gharanas
723:Dattilam
643:Bhojpuri
603:Sanskrit
483:Alankara
465:Concepts
367:Bhairavi
186:Pakhawaj
120:Surbahar
42:Concepts
6388:Portals
6283:Warfare
6182:Outline
6138:Vietnam
6123:Vanuatu
6113:Uruguay
6093:Ukraine
6068:Tunisia
5973:Somalia
5933:Senegal
5888:Romania
5803:Nigeria
5768:Namibia
5763:Myanmar
5753:Morocco
5733:Moldova
5658:Liberia
5653:Lesotho
5648:Lebanon
5593:Jamaica
5573:Ireland
5548:Iceland
5543:Hungary
5508:Grenada
5493:Germany
5488:Georgia
5468:Finland
5443:Estonia
5438:Eritrea
5418:Ecuador
5393:Denmark
5368:Croatia
5358:Comoros
5308:Burundi
5273:Bolivia
5253:Belgium
5248:Belarus
5233:Bahrain
5228:Bahamas
5218:Austria
5208:Armenia
5188:Andorra
5183:Algeria
5178:Albania
5057:Central
5025:Central
5020:African
4403:Secular
4386:Martial
4376:Ancient
4245:Anytime
4196:Kirwani
4156:Darbari
4131:Bhimsen
4003:Evening
3979:Patdeep
3974:Multani
3888:Gurjari
3883:Gunakri
3873:Deshkar
3868:Bilawal
3848:Bhankar
3843:Bhairav
3828:Asavari
3816:Morning
3741:Bhairav
3736:Asavari
3721:Bilaval
3698:Qawwali
3607:Dhrupad
3576:Tanpura
3571:Sarangi
3566:Shehnai
3561:Santoor
3556:Bansuri
3509:Gharana
3504:Bandish
3333:Tripura
3298:Mizoram
3288:Manipur
3248:Haryana
3243:Gujarat
3116:Dandiya
3017:Sthaayi
2996:Bandish
2952:Bhairav
2947:Asavari
2932:Bilaval
2911:Qawwali
2881:Dhrupad
2553:Marathi
2517:Marathi
2272:Kolkata
2244:santoor
2220:shehnai
2216:bansuri
2208:sarangi
2203:tambura
1991:tillana
1957:Manrang
1953:Adarang
1907:dhrupad
1878:Bettiah
1752:tambura
1746:Dhrupad
1740:Dhrupad
1686:dhrupad
1667:bandish
1658:bandish
1649:bandish
1605:Sthaayi
1588:Bandish
1559:shuddha
1537:Dhaivat
1530:Pancham
1509:Rishabh
1494:solfege
1453:madhya)
1442:anāhata
1406:avaroha
1218:Banaras
1214:Patiala
1199:dhrupad
1183:Gwalior
1106:Sarpada
1086:Turkish
1082:Persian
1063:qawwali
1034:tungana
1030:kamaica
984:music.
947:Shankha
939:mridang
902:), and
872:in the
751:Mirabai
718:Bharata
686:History
663:gharana
655:Punjabi
651:Marathi
623:Bengali
607:Kannada
555:of the
551:is the
505:Sangita
362:Bhairav
357:Asavari
342:Bilaval
317:Qawwali
241:Dhrupad
202:Tanpura
155:Santoor
150:Shehnai
145:Bansuri
135:Sarangi
80:Gharana
60:Alankar
6192:Albums
6153:Zambia
6088:Uganda
6083:Tuvalu
6073:Turkey
6033:Taiwan
6013:Sweden
5938:Serbia
5898:Rwanda
5893:Russia
5868:Poland
5843:Panama
5818:Norway
5738:Monaco
5728:Mexico
5688:Malawi
5643:Latvia
5628:Kuwait
5623:Kosovo
5603:Jordan
5578:Israel
5528:Guyana
5518:Guinea
5503:Greece
5483:Gambia
5473:France
5378:Cyprus
5323:Canada
5293:Brunei
5288:Brazil
5268:Bhutan
5258:Belize
5193:Angola
5164:
5094:Nordic
5089:Balkan
4924:Single
4829:Method
4780:Lyrics
4744:Theory
4301:Season
4206:Malhar
4171:Hameer
4121:Basant
4080:Tilang
4055:Puriya
4050:Pahadi
4040:Khamaj
3984:Poorvi
3933:Vibhas
3903:Jogiya
3893:Hindol
3766:Kalyan
3726:Khamaj
3713:Thaats
3703:Ghazal
3688:Abhang
3683:Bhajan
3673:Sawani
3663:Chaiti
3658:Kajari
3643:Thumri
3622:Tarana
3612:Dhamar
3600:Genres
3489:Sargam
3479:Shruti
3414:Kirtan
3411:Lavani
3408:Gavlan
3402:Powada
3323:Sikkim
3313:Punjab
3308:Odisha
3273:Kerala
3127:Lavani
3032:Aabhog
3022:Antara
2977:Kalyan
2937:Khamaj
2925:Thaats
2916:Ghazal
2901:Thumri
2896:Tarana
2886:Dhamar
2856:Prahar
2718:
2699:
2680:
2652:
2592:
2582:
2529:
2441:shruti
2402:
2212:violin
2173:, the
2154:Ghalib
2146:Ghazal
2142:Mughal
2136:Ghazal
2130:Ghazal
2122:, and
2077:Thumri
2059:Kathak
2053:, and
2051:Awadhi
2034:Thumri
2028:Thumri
2016:, the
1987:Kathak
1969:Tarana
1963:Tarana
1955:, and
1915:sargam
1870:Mughal
1829:, and
1821:; and
1788:dhamar
1784:Tansen
1754:and a
1734:bhajan
1730:ghazal
1722:thumri
1710:kajari
1706:chaiti
1702:trivat
1698:dhamar
1694:tarana
1692:, and
1631:Aabhog
1615:Antara
1578:music.
1571:srutis
1567:teevra
1544:Nishād
1487:Sargam
1472:thaats
1369:Maihar
1329:thaats
1309:Lahore
1273:Bengal
1261:nawabs
1230:Bhakti
1216:, and
1175:Tansen
1144:Bhakti
1110:tarana
1102:Zeelaf
1090:Arabic
1036:, the
961:Narada
943:Vamshi
916:Andhri
892:shruti
853:swaras
827:Narada
823:Ravana
795:Muslim
790:Pandit
778:thaats
739:Tansen
735:Mughal
674:, and
639:Avadhi
611:Telugu
473:Shruti
387:Kalyan
347:Khamaj
334:Thaats
322:Ghazal
307:Sawani
292:Chaiti
282:Thumri
261:Tarana
246:Dhamar
224:Genres
173:Rhythm
130:Violin
105:Vocals
97:Melody
50:Shruti
6414:Music
6402:India
6227:Songs
6177:Index
6170:Lists
6148:Yemen
6058:Tonga
6023:Syria
6003:Sudan
5993:Spain
5918:Samoa
5878:Qatar
5833:Palau
5798:Niger
5778:Nepal
5773:Nauru
5708:Malta
5663:Libya
5613:Kenya
5598:Japan
5583:Italy
5553:India
5533:Haiti
5498:Ghana
5478:Gabon
5423:Egypt
5348:China
5343:Chile
5263:Benin
5072:South
5052:Asian
5035:North
4998:Remix
4993:Cover
4951:Remix
4765:Genre
4634:Nafir
4556:Blues
4538:music
4381:Dance
4355:Music
4287:Piloo
4262:Dhani
4191:Kedar
4161:Durga
4136:Bihag
4116:Bahar
4106:Adana
4099:Night
4085:Yaman
4035:Kamod
3989:Shree
3969:Marwa
3923:Sohni
3913:Lalit
3808:Ragas
3761:Marva
3756:Purvi
3653:Tappa
3648:Dadra
3627:Sadra
3617:Khyal
3586:Tabla
3551:Veena
3546:Sarod
3541:Sitar
3469:Swara
3228:Bihar
3223:Assam
2972:Marwa
2967:Purvi
2906:Dadra
2891:Khyal
2836:Swara
2228:tabla
2199:sarod
2195:sitar
2191:veena
2166:Sauda
2158:Daagh
2040:Nawab
2003:Tappa
1997:Tappa
1985:, or
1979:Tabla
1911:Khyal
1899:Khyal
1894:Khyal
1888:Khyal
1800:Dagar
1726:dadra
1714:tappa
1690:khyal
1609:rondo
1599:tabla
1563:komal
1551:ṣaḍja
1535:Dha (
1502:ṣaḍja
1483:swara
1476:ragas
1438:āhata
1418:pakad
1402:aroha
1325:ragas
1250:cheez
1210:Awadh
1191:Hindi
1171:Akbar
1140:Nanak
1136:Kabir
1121:khyal
1114:sitar
1067:khyal
1056:over
1042:rawap
1022:sarod
1018:rubab
900:tanas
888:grama
884:swara
835:veena
800:Ustad
785:Hindu
774:ragas
716:, by
627:Hindi
615:Tamil
593:from
587:sarod
583:sitar
579:veena
510:Vadya
478:Svara
382:Marva
377:Purvi
312:Dadra
297:Kajri
287:Tappa
266:Sadra
256:Khyal
194:Drone
181:Tabla
115:Sarod
110:Sitar
75:Thaat
55:Swara
6320:Folk
6053:Togo
5858:Peru
5823:Oman
5703:Mali
5638:Laos
5568:Iraq
5563:Iran
5463:Fiji
5373:Cuba
5338:Chad
5062:East
5045:West
5030:East
4946:Live
4785:Song
4760:Form
4576:Jazz
4282:Mand
4277:Kafi
4267:Gara
4221:Nand
4020:Desh
3928:Todi
3878:Desi
3751:Todi
3731:Kafi
3678:Hori
3499:Laya
3494:Tala
3484:Raga
3474:That
3058:Drut
2992:Alap
2962:Todi
2942:Kafi
2851:Tāla
2846:Rāga
2767:Main
2716:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2678:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2622:2009
2590:OCLC
2580:ISBN
2547:link
2527:ISBN
2400:ISSN
2280:Pune
2274:and
2222:and
2210:and
2164:and
2162:Zauq
2094:and
1975:bols
1934:raga
1930:raga
1923:alap
1919:taan
1917:and
1837:and
1817:and
1809:and
1792:Holi
1732:and
1665:Drut
1549:Sa (
1542:Ni (
1528:Pa (
1521:Ma (
1514:Ga (
1507:Re (
1500:Sa (
1468:tala
1457:tāra
1432:The
1410:vadi
1398:raga
1379:and
1347:and
1290:and
1259:and
1234:Sufi
1232:and
1104:and
1088:and
1065:and
1028:and
999:Todi
955:Jain
953:and
918:and
912:raga
908:Jati
870:Jati
860:raga
843:soma
825:and
805:Sufi
757:and
707:tala
701:raga
653:and
635:Braj
631:Urdu
585:and
498:Tala
493:Rasa
488:Raga
372:Todi
352:Kafi
302:Hori
70:Tala
65:Raga
4824:PhD
3405:Gan
3238:Goa
3001:Gat
2674:Nad
2392:doi
1594:Gat
1591:or
1420:).
1367:at
1267:to
1138:or
974:'s
963:'s
797:as
698:or
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