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454:, which was painted during the last months of his life. It shows one of his signature exotic landscapes, lush, tropical, and virgin. Many of the animals in Rousseau's images have human faces or attributes. The central monkeys in this painting hold green sticks from which strings appear to dangle, suggesting fishing poles and human leisure activities, thereby emphasizing the quasi-human experience of the animals. In this sense Rousseau's anthropomorphized primates can be seen not as true wild beasts, but rather as representing an escape from the "
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363:, "was neither an orgiastic occasion nor even an opulent one. Its subsequent fame grew from the fact that it was a colorful happening within a revolutionary art movement at a point of that movement's earliest success, and from the fact that it was attended by individuals whose separate influences radiated like spokes of creative light across the art world for generations."
241:, France, in 1844 into the family of a tinsmith; he was forced to work there as a small boy. He attended Laval High School as a day student, and then as a boarder after his father became a debtor and his parents had to leave the town upon the seizure of their house. Though mediocre in some of his high school subjects, Rousseau won prizes for drawing and music.
814:) and in 2001 (TĂŒbingen, Germany). "These efforts countered the persona of the humble, oblivious naĂŻf by detailing his assured single-mindedness and tracked the extensive influence his work exerted on several generations of vanguard artists," critic Roberta Smith wrote in a review of a later exhibition.
425:
Here the nights of the Blue Period passed... here the days of the Rose Period flowered... here the
Demoiselles d'Avignon halted in their dance to re-group themselves in accordance with the golden number and the secret of the fourth dimension... here fraternized the poets elevated by serious criticism
642:
Rousseau's flat, seemingly childish style was disparaged by many critics; people often were shocked by his work or ridiculed it. His ingenuousness was extreme, and he always aspired, in vain, to conventional acceptance. Many observers commented that he painted like a child, but the work shows
426:
into the School of the Rue
Ravignan... here in these shadowy corridors lived the true worshippers of fire ... here one evening in the year 1908 unrolled the pageantry of the first and last banquet offered by his admirers to the painter Henri Rousseau called the Douanier.
1949:
Brief introduction to the artist's life and art. Entry contains links to two large reproductions of
Rousseau paintings in the National Gallery of Art, a 4th grade lesson relating Rousseau's paintings to ecology, and hands-on activities suitable for classroom or home
1082:
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happened upon a painting by
Rousseau being sold on the street as a canvas to be painted over, the younger artist instantly recognised Rousseau's genius and went to meet him. In 1908, Picasso held a half serious, half burlesque banquet in his studio at
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Ridiculed during his lifetime by critics, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality. Rousseau's work exerted an extensive influence on several generations of
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After high school, he worked for a lawyer and studied law, but "attempted a small perjury and sought refuge in the army." He served four years, starting in 1863. With his father's death, Rousseau moved to
727:
was a great admirer of
Rousseau, referencing his art, as well as drawing inspiration from his works in her poetry. The poem, "Yadwigha, on a Red Couch, Among Lilies" (1958), is based upon his painting,
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wrote: "His tiger surprising its prey ought not to be missed; it's the alpha and omega of painting." Yet it was more than a decade before
Rousseau returned to depicting his vision of jungles.
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In 1868, he married Clémence
Boitard, his landlord's 15-year-old daughter, with whom he had six children (only one survived). In 1871, he was appointed as a collector of the
628:, which he achieved by starting a painting with a specific view, such as a favourite part of the city, and then depicting a person in the foreground, most notably his early
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After
Rousseau's retirement in 1893, he supplemented his small pension with part-time jobs and work such as playing a violin in the streets. He also worked briefly at
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His best-known paintings depict jungle scenes, even though he never left France or saw a jungle. Stories spread by admirers that his army service included the
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688:, "Beckmannâs amazing self-portraits, for example, descend from the brusque, concentrated forms of Rousseauâs portrait of the writer
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1988:
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Rousseau claimed he had "no teacher other than nature", although he admitted he had received "some advice" from two established
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collector. He started painting seriously in his early forties; by age 49, he retired from his job to work on his art full-time.
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618:: "When I go into the glass houses and I see the strange plants of exotic lands, it seems to me that I enter into a dream."
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Along with his exotic scenes there was a concurrent output of smaller topographical images of the city and its suburbs.
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Two major museum exhibitions of his work were held in 1984â85 (in Paris, at the Grand Palais; and in New York, at the
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1775:"A jungle's classic roots: Capturing The Style For 'Madagascar' Meant Going Past The '50S To Artist Henri Rousseau"
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View of the Bridge in Sevres and the Hills of
Clamart, Saint-Cloud and Bellevue with biplane, balloon and dirigible
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of Paris, collecting taxes on goods entering Paris. His wife died in 1888 and he married
Josephine Noury in 1898.
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359:, "one of the most notable social events of the twentieth century," wrote American poet and literary critic
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where he lived and worked until his death in 1910. In 1897, he produced one of his most famous paintings,
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1687:. The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press. pp. 34, 35.
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825:, where the show also appeared. The exhibition, encompassing 48 of his paintings, was on display at the
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Rousseau's work exerted an extensive influence on several generations of avant-garde artists, including
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are unfounded. His inspiration came from illustrations in children's books and the botanical gardens in
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was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants near works by younger leading avant-garde artists such as
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Rousseau, Henri; Morris, Frances; Green, Christopher; Ireson, Nancy; FrĂšches-Thory, Claire (2006).
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610:, and he listened to their stories of the subtropical country they had encountered. To the critic
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417:, 15 January 1914, p. 69, wrote about "Le Banquet Rousseau". Years later the French writer
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was exhibited in 1891, and Rousseau received his first serious review when the young artist
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1934:
1281:"Welcome to HenriRousseau.org â "Le Douanier" : The Life and Works of Henri Rousseau"
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was used as the inspiration for a series of 2021 advertisements concerning the rebrand of
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595:. Essentially, he was self-taught and is considered to be a naĂŻve or primitive painter.
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A major exhibition of his work, "Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris", was shown at the
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New York (essays by Roger Shattuck, Henri BĂ©har, Michel Hoog, Carolyn Lanchner, and
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1468:, An Atlantic Monthly Press Book, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Toronto, 1959
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Richard R. Brettell; Chicago. Sara Lee Collection; Natalie Henderson Lee (1999).
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1800:"A Classic Painting Becomes a 3-D Music Video in Meta's Vision of the Metaverse"
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273:(1891) was the first of many jungle scenes for which Rousseau is best known.
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A Rousseau painting was used as an inspiration for the 2005 animated film
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In 1911, a retrospective exhibition of Rousseau's works was shown at the
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in his leg, one which he ignored. In August, when he was admitted to the
325:. Rousseau's painting may even have influenced the naming of the Fauves.
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from 3 November 2005 to 5 February 2006, organised by the Tate and the
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125 Masterpieces from the Collection of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery
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212:(the customs officer), a humorous description of his occupation as a
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732:, whilst the poem "Snakecharmer" (1957) is based upon his painting
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As you once did my portrait facing the stars, lion and the gypsy.
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An equally famous work by Rousseau, included in the collection of
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Tate Modern | Past Exhibitions | Henri Rousseau | Artistic Circle
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1935:
Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris, at the National Gallery of Art
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in 1868 to support his widowed mother as a government employee.
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1425:(1987). Hudson Hills Press / Albright-Knox Art Gallery. p. 72.
1316:"Henri Rousseau: In imaginary jungles, a terrible beauty lurks"
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At his funeral, seven friends stood at his grave: the painters
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Monet to Moore: The Millennium Gift of Sara Lee Corporation
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Let our luggage pass duty free through the gates of heaven.
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1898:, by Roger Shattuck (includes an extensive Rousseau essay)
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in Washington from 16 July to 15 October 2006 and at the
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Much of the information in this article was taken from
682:. According to Roberta Smith, an art critic writing in
538:, who wrote the epitaph BrĂąncuÈi put on the tombstone:
458:" of Paris and the everyday grind of civilized life.
1683:
Joann Moser (1985) "Pre-Cubist Works, 1904â1909" in
1107:
In a Tropical Forest Combat of a Tiger and a Buffalo
985:, 1906, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA
1593:
1539:
A Cubism Reader: Documents and Criticism, 1906â1914
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750:drew a four-page biographical sketch of Rousseau,
332:'s mother, Berthe, Comtesse de Delaunay, to paint
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421:recalled the setting of the illustrious banquet:
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1904:, 1979, Dora Vallier (general illustrated essay)
706:Critics have noted the influence of Rousseau on
1918:; includes excellent color plates and analysis)
545:Delaunay, his wife, Monsieur Queval and myself.
507:in his leg. After an operation, he died from a
196:; 21 May 1844 â 2 September 1910) was a French
1472:
643:sophistication with his particular technique.
543:We salute you Gentle Rousseau you can hear us.
321:, in what is now seen as the first showing of
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2045:The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope
1982:
1894:, pamphlet accompanying the 2005 exhibition.*
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1419:Masterworks at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery,
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699:. His paintings were also shown at the first
576:The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope
551:That you may spend your sacred leisure in the
503:where his son had died, he was found to have
314:The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope
138:The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope
2681:Burials at the CimetiĂšre parisien de Bagneux
1466:The Third Rose, Gertrude Stein and Her World
637:
549:We will bring you brushes paints and canvas.
441:, where he produced a number of its covers.
1537:Mark Antliff, Patricia Dee Leighten (2008)
624:He claimed to have invented a new genre of
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1989:
1975:
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1517:. The Museum of Modern Art. pp. 44â.
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614:, he described his frequent visits to the
710:'s poetry. See, for instance, Stevens's "
534:; Rousseau's landlord Armand Queval, and
277:From 1886, he exhibited regularly in the
1550:
949:La tour Eiffel peinte par Henri Rousseau
833:in Paris from 15 March to 19 June 2006.
754:, which was included in issue #2 of the
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1947:Rousseau text written for young readers
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968:Self-portrait of the Artist with a Lamp
461:Rousseau exhibited his final painting,
430:
328:In 1907, he was commissioned by artist
311:In 1905, Rousseau's large jungle scene
294:In 1893, Rousseau moved to a studio in
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491:In the same month Rousseau suffered a
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284:Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!)
270:Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!)
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1970:
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743:, is based upon a Rousseau painting.
191:
2069:The Banks of the BiĂšvre near BicĂȘtre
1705:"Sylvia Plath's artistic influences"
1662:
1597:Henri Rousseau: Dreams of the Jungle
600:French expeditionary force to Mexico
1388:Henri Rousseau biography, Princeton
1229:
1070:Fight Between a Tiger and a Buffalo
788:Fight Between a Tiger and a Buffalo
13:
2696:Deaths from surgical complications
2666:French Post-impressionist painters
1996:
1880:
1600:. Prestel Publishing. p. 58.
1339:
1268:
14:
2707:
1922:
2686:19th-century French male artists
2661:20th-century French male artists
1852:Henri Rousseau: jungles in Paris
1742:Michel Ocelot (25 August 2008).
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1888:Henri Rousseau Jungles in Paris
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739:The song "The Jungle Line", by
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712:Floral Decorations for Bananas
208:manner. He was also known as
193:[ÉÌÊiÊyljÉÌfeliksÊuso]
1:
2073:
1963:in the MoMA Online Collection
1931:, 118 works by Henri Rousseau
1577:. Phaidon Press Ltd. Oxford.
1541:, University of Chicago Press
1314:Roberta Smith (14 July 2006)
1223:
232:
2656:20th-century French painters
2646:19th-century French painters
1685:Jean Metzinger in Retrospect
1594:Werner Schmalenbach (2000).
1554:Tropical Forest with Monkeys
1130:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
565:
553:light and Truth of Painting.
451:Tropical Forest with Monkeys
227:
7:
2084:The Muse Inspiring the Poet
1575:The World of Henri Rousseau
1421:(1999), first published as
1093:Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
953:Houston Museum of Fine Arts
560:
185:Henri Julien FĂ©lix Rousseau
52:Henri Julien FĂ©lix Rousseau
10:
2712:
2641:People from Laval, Mayenne
2013:Myself, Portrait-Landscape
1621:Cornelia Stabenow (2001).
1417:Karen Lee Spaulding (ed.)
1351:Cornelia Stabenow (2001).
1057:, 1908, Private collection
1040:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000:, 1907, Private collection
855:Philadelphia Museum of Art
836:
631:Myself, Portrait-Landscape
16:French painter (1844â1910)
2587:
2566:
2505:
2399:
2361:
2318:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
2215:
2160:
2102:
2021:Tiger in a Tropical Storm
2004:
1773:Lisa Rosen (8 May 2005).
1670:Henri Rousseau, 1844â1910
1490:. Yale University Press.
786:Rousseau's 1908 painting
771:Kirikou and the Sorceress
746:Underground comic artist
646:
638:Criticism and recognition
259:
173:
168:
150:
132:Tiger in a Tropical Storm
118:
108:
100:
92:
73:
47:
30:
23:
1940:2 September 2016 at the
1912:The Museum of Modern Art
1551:Rousseau, Henri (1910),
1263:Artillerymen by Rousseau
1241:Henri Rousseau biography
768:'s 1998 animation film,
467:, in March 1910, at the
1659:. (Symbolism, frame 57)
1393:16 October 2010 at the
1335:National Gallery of Art
1321:. Accessed 14 July 2006
1246:24 October 2008 at the
1176:National Gallery of Art
1145:Muse Inspiring the Poet
1074:Cleveland Museum of Art
913:National Gallery of Art
874:National Gallery Prague
827:National Gallery of Art
400:Daniel-Henri Kahnweiler
2691:Deaths from thrombosis
2548:Salon des Indépendants
2528:Le Barc de Boutteville
2482:Robert Antoine Pinchon
2053:The Repast of the Lion
1653:Shannon Porter (2015)
1573:Yann Le Pichon (1982)
1464:John Malcolm Brinnin,
1408:, (1979), Dora Vallier
1035:The Repast of the Lion
697:Salon des Indépendants
656:
580:
558:
520:Manuel Ortiz de ZĂĄrate
488:
469:Salon des Independants
428:
355:in Rousseau's honour.
300:La Bohémienne endormie
279:Salon des Indépendants
274:
2513:Artistes Indépendants
2442:Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
2437:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
2343:Théo van Rysselberghe
1172:The Equatorial Jungle
1149:Guillaume Apollinaire
654:
589:Félix Auguste Clément
573:
540:
536:Guillaume Apollinaire
511:on 2 September 1910.
477:
423:
372:Guillaume Apollinaire
267:
237:Rousseau was born in
2651:French male painters
1954:Ten Dreams Galleries
1855:. New York: Abrams.
1672:By Cornelia Stabenow
1629:. Taschen. pp.
1126:The Football Players
888:Le Moulin (The Mill)
812:Museum of Modern Art
764:The visual style of
714:" in the collection
522:; the artist couple
431:Retirement and death
415:Les Soirées de Paris
361:John Malcolm Brinnin
2676:Self-taught artists
2558:Salon des Tuileries
2533:La Libre Esthétique
2298:RenĂ© SchĂŒtzenberger
2278:Hippolyte Petitjean
1514:Rousseau: The Dream
1511:Ann Temkin (2012).
1447:5 June 2008 at the
1283:. Henrirousseau.org
851:A Carnival Evening,
532:Constantin BrĂąncuÈi
413:Maurice Raynal, in
357:Le Banquet Rousseau
342:Le Banquet Rousseau
2523:Volpini Exhibition
2258:Henri-Edmond Cross
2153:Post-Impressionism
2037:The Sleeping Gypsy
1960:The Sleeping Gypsy
1744:"Director's notes"
1732:. jonimitchell.com
1451:at www.tate.org.uk
1319:The New York Times
1191:Bouquet of Flowers
1178:, Washington, D.C.
929:The Sleeping Gypsy
915:, Washington, D.C.
857:, Philadelphia, PA
752:A Couch in the Sun
723:The American poet
685:The New York Times
657:
626:portrait landscape
616:Jardin des Plantes
581:
489:
305:The Sleeping Gypsy
275:
198:post-impressionist
155:Post-Impressionism
126:The Sleeping Gypsy
2618:
2617:
2447:Wassily Kandinsky
2170:Neo-Impressionism
2118:
2117:
2061:The Snake Charmer
1929:Henrirousseau.org
1896:The Banquet Years
1862:978-0-8109-5699-5
1779:Los Angeles Times
1754:on 9 January 2011
1711:on 7 January 2014
1640:978-3-8228-1364-5
1524:978-0-87070-830-5
1497:978-0-300-08134-3
1374:978-3-8228-1364-5
1265:at the Guggenheim
1157:Kunstmuseum Basel
1076:, Cleveland, Ohio
1014:The Snake Charmer
983:The Merry Jesters
734:The Snake Charmer
585:Academic painters
335:The Snake Charmer
182:
181:
37:Rousseau in 1907;
2703:
2538:Ambroise Vollard
2487:Henriette Tirman
2381:Der Blaue Reiter
2353:Ădouard Vuillard
2338:Vincent van Gogh
2268:Georges Dufrénoy
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2029:Boy on the Rocks
1991:
1984:
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1825:"Henri Rousseau"
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1707:. Archived from
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1216:Kunsthaus ZĂŒrich
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1147:(Portrait of
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2610:Secessionism
2574:Félix Fénéon
2497:Othon Friesz
2417:André Derain
2292:
2288:Odilon Redon
2273:Paul Gauguin
2253:Paul CĂ©zanne
2238:Edvard Munch
2189:
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2027:
2019:
2011:
1997:
1959:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1892:Tate Gallery
1887:
1851:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1828:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1804:Muse by Clio
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:the original
1747:
1737:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1699:
1684:
1679:
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1664:
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1558:, retrieved
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1326:
1318:
1285:. Retrieved
1258:
1209:
1195:Tate Gallery
1190:
1171:
1144:
1125:
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1054:
1033:
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831:Grand Palais
816:
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769:
763:
756:
751:
745:
738:
733:
729:
725:Sylvia Plath
722:
716:
705:
703:exhibition.
701:Blaue Reiter
694:
683:
676:Max Beckmann
658:
641:
629:
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623:
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582:
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490:
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419:André Salmon
414:
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392:André Salmon
367:
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345:
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327:
312:
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293:
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276:
268:
251:
243:
236:
218:
214:toll and tax
209:
184:
183:
142:
136:
130:
124:
120:Notable work
79:(1910-09-02)
18:
2636:1910 deaths
2631:1844 births
2506:Exhibitions
2313:Paul Signac
2283:Paul Ranson
2207:Art Nouveau
2185:Cloisonnism
2180:Pointillism
2175:Divisionism
1829:www.nga.gov
1748:Kirikou.net
1656:Art History
1363:. pp.
1211:Pierre Loti
890:, c. 1896,
819:Tate Modern
806:Exhibitions
690:Pierre Loti
680:Surrealists
516:Paul Signac
222:avant-garde
210:Le Douanier
163:Primitivism
104:Self-taught
93:Nationality
62:21 May 1844
2625:Categories
2605:Modern art
2457:Franz Marc
2422:Raoul Dufy
2376:Die BrĂŒcke
2223:Cuno Amiet
2197:Synthetism
1252:Guggenheim
1224:References
1132:, New York
1042:, New York
1038:, c.1907,
936:, New York
780:Madagascar
678:, and the
528:Sonia Terk
509:blood clot
370:included:
323:The Fauves
233:Early life
58:1844-05-21
2600:Modernism
2364:movements
2202:Symbolism
2191:Les Nabis
2163:movements
2110:NaĂŻve art
2092:The Dream
2056:(c. 1907)
2005:Paintings
1758:25 August
1155:), 1909,
796:metaverse
794:into the
759:anthology
730:The Dream
717:Harmonium
665:Jean Hugo
566:Paintings
480:The Dream
464:The Dream
404:Leo Stein
384:Max Jacob
380:Juan Gris
228:Biography
224:artists.
206:Primitive
169:Signature
159:NaĂŻve art
101:Education
39:photo by
1938:Archived
1910:, 1984,
1871:62741468
1784:17 April
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