48:
339:, who was eager to increase his status and glory. Farnese was enormously wealthy, but hoped that the dignity of grand master, in the case of the Constantinian Order viewed as a potent symbol of royal status, would bring him greater prestige than his current rank as the ruler of two small duchies. To further cement his claim in the eyes of the nobility of Europe, Francesco produced a family tree showcasing his descent from the Byzantine emperor
384:. He died on 8 April 1703 and was buried in the church of San Marco in the city's castle. Giovanni Andrea's death extinguished the male line of his family. Giovanni Andrea's widow, Virginia Giovanna Mandricardi, died on 30 November 1724. The last living member of the Angelo Flavio Comneno family, Giovanni Andrea's niece Laura, died in 1756, rendering the family entirely extinct. Laura died as a
368:, Farnese hoping to become king of Albania, or perhaps even Byzantine emperor, in the case of a successful crusade against the Ottomans. Though some of the high-ranking members of the Constantinian Order initially opposed Farnese's accession, the confirmations by the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor eased the transition of power.
392:
under the name "Maria
Costanzo della Croce". Through surviving documents it is apparent that Laura had actually wished to marry and had not wanted to become a nun, but had been forced to by Francesco Farnese, who did not want to risk her having children; a potential future generation of rivals to his
363:
and Holy Roman
Emperor Leopold I. Giovanni Andrea's documents of the cession of the order, dated to 11 January 1698, to Farnese also specify that Farnese was granted "every right" pertaining to Giovanni Andrea to the "cities, jurisdictions, feudatories and lordships in parts of Dalmatia, Macedonia
322:
Already relatively old and childless, without living male relatives, Giovanni Andrea made several attempts to relinquish his position as grand master to a sovereign or state in exchange for an appropriate pension. Failed attempts were made to grant the position and the order to the
273:, in 1687. Though he was the second of his name to serve as the head of his family (thus in modern times being enumerated as Giovanni Andrea II), Giovanni Andrea claimed the style Giovanni Andrea IX, enumerating himself after an invented sequence of ancestors.
314:; preserved in the archives of the Constantinian Order are a 1687 letter to Girolamo II and Giovanni Andrea, informing them of recent victories against the Ottomans, as well as a 1692 letter to Giovanni Andrea with Christmas greetings.
343:
through a female line, an actual genuine line of descent (though
Francesco was far from alone in Europe as a female-line descendant of Isaac), though Farnese also embellished the genealogy by linking himself to
769:
348:. The genealogy was meant to cement Farnese not only as a purchaser of the rank of grand master, but also as someone who could legitimately claim to succeed Giovanni Andrea.
302:
1674–1696). Through financial aid from his monarchical acquaintances, Giovanni Andrea successfully established a small regiment of soldiers, which was sent to fight the
269:
As the last living male member of his family, Giovanni Andrea became the Grand Master of the
Constantinian Order of Saint George upon the death of his older brother,
167:
62:
364:
and
Albania, occupied by the Turkish sultan". Farnese's assumption of these claims led to his later energetic participation in crusading plans drawn up by
254:
776:
907:
747:
Armamentarii historico-legalis ordinum equestrium et militarium in codices tripertiti... opera, et studio Thomae
Aloysii Silvii Torelli...
671:
222:
Giovanni Andrea was born in 1634, as the third and youngest son of Andrea Angeli, who in turn was the youngest son of the grand master
1240:
1250:
1245:
1062:
710:
310:
under a commanding officer directly appointed by
Giovanni Andrea. Giovanni Andrea was also a friend of Leopold's third wife,
672:"George Heracleus Basilicos, a Greek Pretender to a Balkan Principality (End of the XVI – Beginning of the XVII century)"
724:
921:
900:
745:
734:
402:
194:". The last male member of his family, Giovanni Andrea was the last grand master descended from the order's founder,
287:
1658–1705), who recognized
Giovanni Andrea's accession to grand master, and he also established warm relations with
352:
332:
199:
90:
1173:
1080:
969:
885:
1193:
762:
276:
Giovanni Andrea's tenure as grand master saw a continuation of the warm relationship between his ancestors and
328:
893:
311:
277:
1208:
726:
The
Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it
702:
1134:
1143:
993:
961:
834:
807:
1163:
292:
699:
The
Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans
1071:
365:
754:
786:
345:
227:
171:
130:
1235:
1230:
937:
47:
8:
1033:
1001:
843:
1153:
1125:
1099:
1017:
945:
861:
324:
270:
235:
183:
179:
80:
29:
242:
and Paolo were officially acknowledged as descendants of the Angelos emperors by Pope
1108:
977:
816:
730:
706:
682:
360:
307:
288:
223:
351:
In 1698, Giovanni Andrea granted the rights to the grand mastership of his order to
1041:
720:
340:
1089:
915:
258:
303:
1224:
1213:
Individuals marked with have relatives/"successors" maintaining their claims
985:
953:
825:
798:
686:
356:
336:
243:
239:
203:
195:
1009:
852:
694:
1116:
159:
376:
Giovanni Andrea lived out his last years in "considerable comfort" in
917:
381:
207:
389:
377:
211:
187:
162:
34:
231:
191:
175:
156:
125:
53:
38:
198:. In 1687, Giovanni Andrea sold the position of grand master to
784:
482:
150:
636:
385:
182:, and Giovanni Andrea also claimed the titles "Prince of
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
566:
564:
562:
421:
419:
417:
581:
579:
470:
448:
446:
168:
Grand Master of the Constantinian Order of Saint George
63:
Grand Master of the Constantinian Order of Saint George
513:
511:
509:
648:
615:
603:
559:
547:
535:
414:
591:
576:
523:
443:
431:
506:
494:
458:
255:
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
331:. Giovanni Andrea eventually found his candidate:
317:
170:from 1687 to 1698. Giovanni Andrea's family, the
1222:
359:. Farnese's rights were confirmed both by Pope
669:
488:
901:
770:
380:, one of Farnese's fiefs, with the title of
238:. In the mid-15th century, Andrea's uncles
226:(1505–1591). Giovanni Andrea's family, the
1207:individuals officially claimed the style "
908:
894:
777:
763:
46:
327:, Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire and
147:Giovanni Andrea II Angelo Flavio Comneno
743:
425:
371:
1223:
719:
654:
642:
630:
609:
597:
570:
553:
541:
529:
517:
476:
464:
452:
437:
889:
758:
693:
585:
500:
388:in the convent of the Holy Spirit in
261:with invented Byzantine connections.
750:(in Latin). typis Antonii Barbiani.
13:
1063:Nicholas Macdonald Sarsfield Cod'd
922:succession to the Byzantine Empire
403:Succession to the Byzantine Empire
14:
1262:
670:Hassiotis, Ioannis (1982–1983).
1241:Byzantine pretenders after 1453
1174:Pietro Paleologo Mastrogiovanni
970:John George Heracleus Basilicos
663:
318:Sale of the Constantinian Order
297:
282:
264:
248:
166:; 1634 – 8 April 1703) was the
1194:Succession of the Roman Empire
729:. Boletín Oficial del Estado.
56:portrait of Giovanni Andrea II
1:
1251:18th-century Italian nobility
1246:17th-century Italian nobility
408:
312:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
278:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
120:Virginia Giovanna Mandricardi
871:Joannes Andreas II
217:
206:, and thereafter lived as a
7:
835:Joannes Andreas I
396:
329:Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken
253:1534–1549) and founded the
230:, claimed descent from the
174:, claimed descent from the
10:
1267:
703:Cambridge University Press
1209:Emperor of Constantinople
1202:
1186:
1135:Mario Bernardo Pierangeli
1053:
1026:Giovanni Andrea II Angeli
928:
794:
744:Torelli, Tommaso (1751).
186:" and "Duke and Count of
136:
124:
116:
112:8 April 1703 (aged 68–69)
108:
100:
96:
86:
76:
68:
61:
45:
26:
22:Giovanni Andrea II Angeli
21:
1144:Enrico de Vigo Paleologo
1109:Paleologo-Oriundi family
994:Giovanni Andrea I Angeli
962:Giovanni Demetrio Angeli
1072:Demetrius Rhodocanakis
808:Joannes Demetrius
366:Prince Eugene of Savoy
1056:(19th–21st centuries)
931:(15th–18th centuries)
787:Angelo Flavio Comneno
346:Constantine the Great
228:Angelo Flavio Comneno
172:Angelo Flavio Comneno
131:Angelo Flavio Comneno
938:Constantine Arianiti
645:, pp. 411, 417.
372:Later life and death
1081:Theodore Palaeologo
1034:Gian Antonio Lazier
1002:Angelo Maria Angeli
929:Early modern period
812:(c. 1551–1571)
681:(XIII–XIV): 85–96.
489:Hassiotis 1982–1983
16:Prince of Macedonia
1126:Marziano Lavarello
1100:Eugenie Paleologue
1018:Girolamo II Angeli
946:Arianitto Arianiti
862:Hieronymus II
844:Angelus Maria
479:, pp. 41, 58.
325:Republic of Venice
271:Girolamo II Angeli
236:Byzantine emperors
180:Byzantine emperors
81:Girolamo II Angeli
33:Duke and Count of
1218:
1217:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1149:
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1121:
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1105:
1095:
1085:
1077:
1067:
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1038:
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1022:
1014:
1006:
998:
990:
982:
978:Girolamo I Angeli
974:
966:
958:
950:
942:
883:
882:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
817:Hieronymus I
813:
804:
721:Sainty, Guy Stair
712:978-0-511-58369-8
491:, pp. 90–91.
353:Francesco Farnese
333:Francesco Farnese
308:Great Turkish War
289:John III Sobieski
224:Girolamo I Angeli
200:Francesco Farnese
144:
143:
91:Francesco Farnese
1258:
1211:", or equivalent
1177:
1167:
1157:
1154:Teodoro Láscaris
1147:
1137:
1129:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1075:
1065:
1044:
1042:Radu Cantacuzino
1036:
1028:
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996:
988:
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972:
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820:
811:
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695:Nicol, Donald M.
690:
676:
658:
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450:
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435:
429:
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341:Isaac II Angelos
301:
299:
286:
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252:
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155:Joannes Andreas
50:
19:
18:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1198:
1182:
1090:Eugenio Lascorz
1055:
1049:
930:
924:
914:
884:
879:
790:
785:Princes of the
783:
737:
713:
674:
666:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
629:
616:
608:
604:
596:
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584:
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569:
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459:
451:
444:
436:
432:
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415:
411:
399:
374:
320:
296:
281:
267:
259:chivalric order
247:
220:
57:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1216:
1215:
1203:
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1199:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1132:
1122:
1114:
1112:(1930–present)
1106:
1104:(c. 1912–1934)
1096:
1086:
1084:(c. 1862–1912)
1078:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
991:
983:
975:
973:(c. 1566–1606)
967:
959:
951:
943:
934:
932:
926:
925:
913:
912:
905:
898:
890:
881:
880:
878:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
821:(c. 1570–1591)
814:
805:
795:
792:
791:
782:
781:
774:
767:
759:
753:
752:
741:
736:978-8434025066
735:
717:
711:
691:
665:
662:
660:
659:
657:, p. 142.
647:
635:
633:, p. 129.
614:
612:, p. 128.
602:
590:
588:, p. 119.
575:
573:, p. 127.
558:
556:, p. 126.
546:
544:, p. 123.
534:
532:, p. 411.
522:
505:
503:, p. 121.
493:
481:
469:
457:
455:, p. 417.
442:
440:, p. 410.
430:
428:, p. 789.
412:
410:
407:
406:
405:
398:
395:
373:
370:
319:
316:
304:Ottoman Empire
293:King of Poland
266:
263:
219:
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142:
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1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:Modern period
1052:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
995:
992:
987:
986:Pietro Angeli
984:
979:
976:
971:
968:
963:
960:
955:
954:Andrea Angeli
952:
947:
944:
939:
936:
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927:
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906:
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815:
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766:
761:
760:
757:
749:
748:
742:
738:
732:
728:
727:
722:
718:
714:
708:
704:
701:. Cambridge:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
668:
667:
656:
651:
644:
639:
632:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
611:
606:
600:, p. 12.
599:
594:
587:
582:
580:
572:
567:
565:
563:
555:
550:
543:
538:
531:
526:
520:, p. 98.
519:
514:
512:
510:
502:
497:
490:
485:
478:
473:
467:, p. 42.
466:
461:
454:
449:
447:
439:
434:
427:
422:
420:
418:
413:
404:
401:
400:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
369:
367:
362:
358:
357:Duke of Parma
354:
349:
347:
342:
338:
337:Duke of Parma
334:
330:
326:
315:
313:
309:
305:
294:
290:
279:
274:
272:
262:
260:
256:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
215:
213:
209:
205:
204:Duke of Parma
201:
197:
196:Andrea Angeli
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:
161:
158:
152:
148:
140:Andrea Angeli
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
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82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
55:
52:Contemporary
49:
44:
41:
40:
36:
31:
25:
20:
1204:
1172:
1168:(1960s–1988)
1162:
1152:
1142:
1138:(1950s–1988)
1124:
1098:
1088:
1070:
1025:
1010:Marco Angeli
870:
746:
725:
698:
678:
664:Bibliography
650:
638:
605:
593:
549:
537:
525:
496:
484:
472:
460:
433:
426:Torelli 1751
375:
361:Innocent XII
350:
321:
275:
268:
265:Grand master
221:
154:
146:
145:
27:
1236:1703 deaths
1231:1634 births
1178:(1966–2017)
1164:Peter Mills
1158:(1962–2006)
1148:(1961–2012)
1130:(1948–1992)
1120:(1945–1984)
1117:Paul Crivez
1094:(1906–1962)
1076:(1860–1902)
1045:(1735–1761)
1037:(1720–1738)
1029:(1687–1703)
1021:(1679–1687)
1013:(1678–1679)
1005:(1634–1678)
997:(1592–1634)
989:(1580–1592)
981:(1570–1591)
965:(1551–1571)
957:(1545–1580)
949:(1530–1551)
941:(1494–1530)
875:(1687–1703)
866:(1679–1687)
857:(1678–1679)
848:(1634–1678)
839:(1592–1634)
830:(1580–1592)
803:(1551–1580)
655:Sainty 2018
643:Sainty 2018
631:Sainty 2018
610:Sainty 2018
598:Sainty 2018
571:Sainty 2018
554:Sainty 2018
542:Sainty 2018
530:Sainty 2018
518:Sainty 2018
477:Sainty 2018
465:Sainty 2018
453:Sainty 2018
438:Sainty 2018
234:dynasty of
178:dynasty of
77:Predecessor
1225:Categories
1205:Underlined
918:pretenders
586:Nicol 1992
501:Nicol 1992
409:References
28:Prince of
916:Impostor
687:0350-7653
679:Balcanica
382:castellan
218:Biography
208:castellan
184:Macedonia
87:Successor
72:1687–1698
30:Macedonia
1187:See also
723:(2018).
697:(1992).
397:See also
390:Piacenza
378:Piacenza
244:Paul III
212:Piacenza
188:Drivasto
163:Comnenus
35:Drivasto
920:to the
799:Andreas
393:claim.
306:in the
300:
285:
251:
232:Angelos
192:Durazzo
176:Angelos
160:Flavius
157:Angelus
54:woodcut
39:Durazzo
1066:(1830)
873:
864:
855:
853:Marcus
846:
837:
828:
826:Petrus
819:
810:
801:
789:family
733:
709:
685:
355:, the
335:, the
240:Andrea
202:, the
137:Father
117:Spouse
69:Tenure
675:(PDF)
151:Latin
126:House
731:ISBN
707:ISBN
683:ISSN
257:, a
190:and
109:Died
104:1634
101:Born
37:and
386:nun
210:in
1227::
705:.
677:.
617:^
578:^
561:^
508:^
445:^
416:^
298:r.
291:,
283:r.
249:r.
214:.
153::
909:e
902:t
895:v
778:e
771:t
764:v
739:.
715:.
689:.
295:(
280:(
246:(
149:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
