810:. These were fashionable, elegant young ladies, unlike the corseted actresses from the burlesques. Gaiety Girls were polite, well-behaved young women and became a popular attraction and a symbol of ideal womanhood. Some became popular leading actresses. The young ladies appearing in George Edwardes's shows became so popular that wealthy gentlemen, termed "Stage Door Johnnies", would wait outside the stage door hoping to escort them to dinner. In some cases, a marriage into society and even the nobility resulted. Edwardes arranged with Romano's restaurant, on the Strand, for his girls to dine there at half-price. It was good exposure for the girls and made Romano's the centre of London's night-life.
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by
Bassett and Keeling. This large theatre, with over 2,000 seats, was built at a time when many new theatres were being built in London. Unlike at many other music halls, the proprietors decided to ban smoking and drinking within the hall, and these activities were accommodated in the adjacent
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were using on
Broadway, integrating music and dance into the story line of the comedy. Edwardes sold that production, but it went on to become the longest-running hit that the musical stage had ever seen. Edwardes then returned the theatre to burlesque for a half dozen more years. However, in the
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A novel gas lighting system was incorporated in the hall, using prisms and mirrors to create a soft light. Exhausting the heat of the gas jets drew fresh air into the building. The house was approached through an ambitious arcade, from the Strand. This was never successful and, with the theatre,
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for £200,000. It was the intention to rebuild the theatre and make it, once again, a centre of musical comedy. Although restoration did commence, it was found that the structural problems were worse than expected and the work discontinued. The building was once again sold, resulting in it being
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By 1938 the Gaiety
Theatre was in need of refurbishment. However, the theatre no longer conformed to the then current licensing regulations, and so extensive modernisation was required. This was not considered to be financially viable and in 1939 the Gaiety Theatre closed. The interior fittings
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1860s and 1870s, burlesques were one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognise. Edwardes expanded the format, adding an original score composed chiefly by
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budding stars left him to marry peers or men of title while other Gaiety Girls settled for a banker or a stockbroker. The Guv'nor finding this was playing ducks and drakes with his theatrical plans had a 'nuptial clause' inserted in every contract....
442:). During such four-hour-long bills-of-fare, regular patrons might skip an item on the programme to eat in one of the theatre's plush restaurants, play billiards in the on-site Billiard Room or drink in one of its several bars.
285:(1894), which was followed by many "girl"-themed musicals. The building was demolished in 1903, and the theatre was rebuilt at the corner of Aldwych and The Strand. More hit musicals followed. When Edwardes died in 1915,
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as the Gaiety
Theatre (announcing its dramatic policy in its name), on a nearby prominent site at the centre of the Aldwych, facing the eastern end of the Strand. It was designed by the theatre architect
775:, but taking its lighter, breezier style a step further. These shows featured fashionable characters, tuneful music, romantic lyrics, witty banter and pretty dancing. The success of the first of these,
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joined the Gaiety for many of Lutz's burlesques. After these, however, the age of burlesque was coming to an end, and with the retirement of Nellie Farren and Fred Leslie, it was essentially over.
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The building was demolished in 1903 as part of the road widening of the East Strand and the new
Aldwych-Kingsway road development, and Edwardes quickly built the
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At the old Gaiety in the Strand the chorus was becoming a matrimonial agency for girls with ambitions to marry into the peerage and began in the nineties when
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was an actor, stage manager and writer for the theatre. A typical evening at the Gaiety might include a three-act comic play, a dramatic interlude, a musical
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status, was being incorporated into all the new development. However, work on the hotel was halted in 2008 when the developers went bankrupt.
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Perhaps to balance the "girl" musicals for which the Gaiety was famous, Edwardes also presented a series of "boy"-themed musicals, such as
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were stripped from the building, and sold at auction. Some of these interior fittings can now be found in the first floor
Theatre Bar of
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was music director at the Gaiety for several years beginning in 1915. Under Evett's management, the theatre prospered with another hit,
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were competing with the other girls to get into the Gaiety chorus while upper-class youths were joining the ranks of the chorus boys.
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970:(1916). Many of these popular musicals toured after their runs at the Gaiety, both in the British provinces and internationally.
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806:(1898). These musicals were imitated at other theatres. A particular attraction of the Gaiety shows was the beautiful, dancing
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acted as the theatre's ballet-master and choreographed the Gaiety burlesques and other pieces from 1868 to 1891. Comedian
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Edwardes died in 1915, leaving his estate indebted and the theatre (as well as
Edwardes' other theatres, including
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soon became the theatre's star "principal boy" in all the burlesques and played in other comedies. She and comic
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and were extraordinarily popular, inspiring imitations at other London theatres. A success in this genre was
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and light comedy under the management of John
Hollingshead from 1868 to 1886, including several operettas by
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as resident composer and music director at the Gaiety and soon put Caryll together with the writing team of
649:, as did most of the British musical works of the era that were neither burlesque, pantomime nor low farce,
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and had a run of nine months before transferring to the
Shubert Theatre, New York. In 1924, Evett produced
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In the 1890s, the theatre introduced new style of musical theatre in London now referred to as the
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saw before his death. Irving also played in the popular and frequently played comical interlude,
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For the next two decades, the "girl" musicals packed the Gaiety
Theatre, including titles like
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602:. Hollingshead called himself a "licensed dealer in legs, short skirts, French adaptations,
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was another 1883 burlesque. Hollingshead's last production at the theatre was the burlesque
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performances. From 1868 to the 1890s, it had a major influence on the development of modern
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This article is about the Gaiety Theatre in London. For other uses of Gaiety Theatre, see
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From 2006, a new luxury hotel was being built on the site, the Silken Hotel, designed by
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301:(1918). By 1939 and in need of refurbishment, the theatre closed and stood empty during
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married Rosie Boote, who had charmed London the previous year when she sang Maisie in
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189:. In 1868, it became known as the Gaiety Theatre and was, at first, known for
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Biographical file for John D'Auban, list of productions and theatres,
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conducted during the Edwardian period, leaving the theatre in 1913.
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Gaiety Girls exhibition overview, National Portrait Gallery, London
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1124:. At the rear, one of the walls of the old restaurant, which has
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The Gaiety Stage Door: Thirty Years' Reminiscences of the Theatre
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and musical burlesques arranged by the theatre's music director,
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Part of the programme for the old Gaiety's farewell performance
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Includes a profile of the theatre and other Victorian theatres
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544:, the first major English language adaptation of a drama by
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Former buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
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Arthur Lloyd Music Hall site (early history of the Gaiety)
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demolished in 1956 and replaced by an office development.
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In 1946 the shell of the Gaiety Theatre was purchased by
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produced a number of successes at the theatre, including
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Article about marriage between Gaiety Girls and noblemen
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Stewart, Maurice. 'The spark that lit the bonfire', in
1024:(1921). In 1922, Evett produced Gaiety adaptations of
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and several companion pieces, including the successful
305:. The building suffered extensive bomb damage during
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Images & extensive information about the theatre
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The Gaiety Theatre opened on 21 December 1868, with
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Historical images of the site of the Gaiety Theatre
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Profile of the theatre and other Victorian theatres
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Arthur Lloyd Music Hall site (Images of the Gaiety)
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1529:Good Old Gaiety: An Historiette & Remembrance
1406:Information about the stagedoor Johnnie marriages
598:(1885–86), produced together with his successor,
309:and stood empty until it was demolished in 1956.
236:(1885–86), produced together with his successor,
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23:Former West End theatre in London, England
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1346:"Theatrical Humour in the Seventies",
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109:2,000 seats on four levels (1864)
1523:(1898) London: A. Constable & co.
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1585:Polianovskaia, Jana: "The Gaiety at
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1423:"Retirement of Gaiety Conductor",
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1370:"Mr. D'Auban's 'Startrap' Jumps".
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18:Gaiety Theatre (disambiguation)
1672:Music venues completed in 1864
1637:1864 establishments in England
1579:Gaiety: Theatre of Enchantment
1532:(1903) London:Gaity Theatre Co
1361:Hollingshead (1903), pp. 40–64
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1254:, Hong Kong Baptist University
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606:, taste and musical glasses."
589:Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed
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317:The theatre was financed by a
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1682:Demolished theatres in London
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1593:Annual (2003) pp. 30–34
1275:"English first performances"
346:Interior of the Gaiety, 1869
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1667:Charles J. Phipps buildings
1555:(1923) London:Jonathan Cape
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692:Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué
457:The Illustrated London News
40:The Gaiety Theatre, c. 1905
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1652:Theatres completed in 1864
1396:Hollingshead (1903), p. 74
1004:D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
635:Edwardes's first show was
564:an 1878 charity production
535:Little Don Caesar de Bazan
177:at the eastern end of the
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1647:Former theatres in London
1505:accessed 26 December 2008
1427:, 23 February 1913, p. 10
1239:Gilbert and Sullivan News
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511:played in 1872, starring
483:, with Gaiety favourites
481:The Trial of Mr. Pickwick
412:for the theatre in 1869.
240:. Edwardes's first show,
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842:4th Marquess of Headfort
712:Cinder Ellen up too Late
566:of the same story), and
359:, who also designed the
273:Edwardian musical comedy
265:Cinder Ellen up too Late
212:Under the management of
1437:"Pins and Needles Here"
1219:31 October 2007 at the
1187:13 October 2006 at the
1164:13 October 2006 at the
882:The Girls of Gottenberg
438:(in the tradition of a
1616:Gaiety Theatre website
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1333:4 January 2008 at the
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978:Later years and demise
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1526:Hollingshead, John.
1517:Hollingshead, John.
1337:accessed 1 March 2007
1241:(London) Spring 2003.
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1122:Foster & Partners
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624:(A Sheriff's Officer)
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906:The Girl on the Film
668:Little Jack Sheppard
595:Little Jack Sheppard
499:Gilbert and Sullivan
469:Uncle Dick's Darling
233:Little Jack Sheppard
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159:Bassett and Keeling
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1484:The New York Times
1441:The New York Times
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1385:The Theatre Museum
1305:Information about
1294:The New York Times
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1204:, 11 December 2002
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865:New Gaiety Theatre
838:7th Earl of Orkney
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248:Wilhelm Meyer Lutz
183:Strand Musick Hall
93:51.51194; -0.11861
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1539:(Cassell, 1975)
1520:Gaiety Chronicles
1443:, 15 January 1922
967:Theodore & Co
956:Edward Laurillard
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900:The Sunshine Girl
847:The Messenger Boy
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1545:0-304-29372-5
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388:of the opera
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382:W. S. Gilbert
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1618:(unofficial)
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1466:. Retrieved
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1173:
1138:Gaiety Girls
1119:
1111:
1103:World War II
1095:The Victoria
1091:
1087:Running Riot
1086:
1083:Billy Mayerl
1076:
1065:Arthur Rigby
1054:
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1047:
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1040:Agnès Souret
1035:
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1020:(1919), and
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1008:Manuel Klein
996:Robert Evett
989:
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929:The Toreador
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913:(1914), and
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808:Gaiety Girls
801:
800:(1896), and
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738:
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731:Gaiety Girls
721:E. J. Lonnen
717:John D'Auban
710:
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664:
650:
642:
641:. Although
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627:
623:
593:
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583:
577:
567:
559:
556:Robert Reece
549:
546:Henrik Ibsen
541:
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520:
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492:
480:
473:Henry Irving
468:
462:
450:
440:Harlequinade
432:extravaganza
424:Edward Terry
414:
409:An Old Score
407:
389:
375:
372:On the Cards
371:
369:
357:C. J. Phipps
349:
328:
316:
303:World War II
296:
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287:Robert Evett
280:
277:Gaiety Girls
270:
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251:
250:, including
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182:
166:
164:
148:C. J. Phipps
122:Construction
25:
1468:6 September
1114:Lupino Lane
1089:, in 1939.
1067:, starring
964:(1915) and
767:, Ross and
757:Ivan Caryll
743:Adrian Ross
739:Joan of Arc
707:Adrian Ross
703:Joan of Arc
647:comic opera
604:Shakespeare
579:The Tempest
554:. Lutz and
503:J. L. Toole
485:J. L. Toole
465:H. J. Byron
420:Fred Leslie
323:Musick Hall
295:(1916) and
262:(1890) and
114:Current use
91: /
66:Coordinates
58:Westminster
1631:Categories
1591:The Gaiety
1512:References
1287:Review of
870:The Orchid
857:Debutantes
822:Alan Hyman
660:Meyer Lutz
542:Quicksands
526:Led Astray
489:Sam Weller
363:(1871) in
313:Beginnings
191:music hall
79:00°07′07″W
76:51°30′43″N
1372:The Times
1349:The Times
1202:The Times
1180:The Times
1107:air raids
1099:Bayswater
1056:Love Lies
1026:Catherine
828:, wrote:
761:Owen Hall
463:In 1870,
436:pantomime
386:burlesque
326:saloons.
307:air raids
199:pantomime
156:Architect
1600:Archived
1577:(1949).
1499:Archived
1462:Archived
1409:Archived
1331:Archived
1327:Cuttings
1217:Archived
1185:Archived
1162:Archived
1132:See also
1044:Our Nell
1013:Going Up
946:(1906),
940:(1906),
926:(1900),
917:(1914).
909:(1913),
903:(1912),
897:(1911),
891:(1909),
885:(1907),
879:(1905),
794:(1896),
790:(1894),
715:(1891).
701:(1890),
695:(1888),
689:(1888),
683:(1887),
677:(1886),
671:(1885),
396:operetta
298:Going Up
268:(1891).
256:(1888),
203:operetta
105:Capacity
60:, London
1677:Aldwych
1048:Our Peg
1002:of the
792:My Girl
773:Dorothy
752:In Town
747:Dorothy
651:Dorothy
643:Dorothy
638:Dorothy
629:Dorothy
582:called
569:Aladdin
515:. Two
494:Thespis
452:Thespis
332:Aldwych
243:Dorothy
175:Aldwych
143:Rebuilt
54:Aldwych
50:Address
1543:
1309:, 1883
948:Havana
733:, 1896
618:1894:
365:Dublin
179:Strand
169:was a
135:Closed
127:Opened
1589:" in
1307:Ariel
1289:Ariel
1144:Notes
1059:, by
1000:tenor
911:Adele
894:Peggy
626:, in
584:Ariel
455:from
380:, by
222:, by
146:1868
1541:ISBN
1470:2020
1071:and
1063:and
1028:and
954:and
737:For
523:and
384:, a
201:and
165:The
130:1864
1006:.
936:),
705:by
533:as
491:.
467:'s
1633::
1460:.
1456:.
1439:,
1315:^
1292:,
1228:^
1151:^
1109:.
1050:.
763:,
334:.
209:.
197:,
1472:.
20:.
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