359:
King of France, was in no hurry to make up his mind either about the marriage or about a visit to France. In the meantime, Cardinal de
Tournon was making proposals in Consistory against the Lutherans in France. Tournon was still attending Consistory on 13 August, or rather, diplomatically absenting himself whenever the English matter came up for discussion. On 17 August, he reported that the pope had said that the King of England had forced him to do what he did. On 27 September, he wrote to the King from Pisa, informing him that the pope had personally told him that he was willing to accommodate the desires of the French king to the extent possible, but that the matter of the divorce of Henry VIII was a matter for Consistory, and that the cardinals were against it. The culmination of these efforts was the papal visit to Marseille in October 1533, and the marriage of Henri of France and Catherine de' Medici on 28 October 1533. During the visit, on 7 November, four new French cardinals were created. The pope met with King Francis and (separately) with the Emperor Charles—but not with Henry VIII, who had secretly married Anne Boleyn on 22 November 1532, and publicly married her on 25 January 1533.
376:, arrived without bringing any instructions from the Emperor. The Spanish Ambassador and the Imperial Ambassador put their heads together, and decided that Cles should be their candidate. But it was too late. After mass on Monday morning, the Bull of Julius II against simony was read out, and the cardinals adopted the Electoral Capitulations which had been put forward in 1513 without discussion or dissent. In the early evening of Monday, 11 October, the cardinals reached a unanimous agreement on the choice of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, the Dean of the College of Cardinals. They sent Ippolito de' Medici and Jean de Lorraine to convey their wishes to Farnese, and they invited him to come with them to the chapel. There the election by acclamation was formally witnessed by three Masters of Ceremonies, who were also Protonotaries Apostolic. But the next morning, Tuesday, 12 October, a regular ballot was conducted, with Cardinal Farnese seated in his usual place as a cardinal. All of the cardinals except Farnese cast a ballot, and there was unanimity. There could be no question that the election was canonical. Farnese chose to be called
412:. Cardinal de Tournon was appointed Governor and Lieutenant General of the Lyonnais and surrounding territories, and assigned to raise money, troops and supplies for the Italian War. When the French invaded Savoy, Charles V retaliated by invading and seizing Provence, which put the cardinal in a most dangerous situation. Charles managed to lead his army as far north as Aix en Provence, but Francis occupied Avignon and prepared for a major battle. Charles chose to retreat back to Italy, whence he had come. Tournon's operations were successful in helping to drive the Imperialists out, while the French army in Italy made progress in securing the Piedmont. Paul III was eager to establish a peace, since he believed that a war against the Turks and efforts against the Protestant heretics were more important pursuits. He sent Cardinal Jacobazzi to the Emperor and Cardinal
351:. The King was successful with none of them, facing opposition from the Emperor, the Curia, and even the families of the would-be cardinals. Finally Henry realized that he would have to rely on someone else's resources, and he turned to King Francis I. A meeting between the two monarchs took place at Boulogne on 20 October 1532, in which it was agreed that the two new French cardinals, Gramont and Tournon, should be sent to Rome to publicize the new rapprochement between England and France, to remove opposition to 'the King's great matter', and to bring about an alliance between France and the Papacy through the marriage of the pope's niece and the King's son. Pope Clement was to be invited to Nice to meet with King Francis, and perhaps with Henry VIII.
577:
two of them were French, Guise-Lorraine and Robert de
Lenoncourt (who arrived on 22 May). Carpi, Pole and Morone were again the Imperial favorites. D'Este was again the French candidate. Carafa and Alvarez were running as radical reformers; both were Inquisitors. Forty-five cardinals were present for the opening of the Second Conclave on 15 May. Cardinal du Bellay, ambitious to be Dean of the Sacred College, abandoned the French faction and put his support behind Carafa. On 23 May, Cardinal Carafa was elected, and chose the throne name Paul IV. Tournon had taken no part. He was still in France, at La Ferte-Hauterive, on 20 April.
211:
titles and became a soldier. The elder brother Just died at the Battle of Pavia. Two of his brothers were also in holy orders, Gaspard (who became Bishop of
Valence, 1505-1520) and Charles (who became Bishop of Rodez, 1501-1504). He was home-schooled by his mother and tutors. At the age of twelve, François entered the Order of S. Antoine en Viennois, where he came under the tutelage of Abbot Theodore Mitte de S. Chamond (1495-1527). In due course, François de Tournon became Preceptor of the monastery, and then became the 21st Abbot of the Order of S. Antoine in 1542, a position which he continued to hold until 1555. By command of
626:, Luther's closest associate, to Court. She wished to have him discuss his theology and debate with orthodox Christians. Tournon felt compelled to intervene, however dangerous the prospect might be, and he delicately persuaded the King that showing any favor or even lenience toward Protestants would be a bad idea. The most famous of these confrontations, however, came at the end of the cardinal's life. From 9 September 1561 to 9 October 1561 Cardinal François de Tournon was one of six cardinals, including the Papal Legate Cardinal Ippolito d'Este, who attended the
609:
Nobility, or rather, he spoke under the inspiration of the
Admiral de Coligny, the leader of the Huguenots. He criticized the disorder of the clergy, and demanded a National Council to address the demands of the new Reform. Jean Quintin, Professor of Canon Law at the University of Paris, was selected to present the Speech on behalf of the Clergy, which was to refute de Rochefort. The text, it seems, was prepared under the inspiration of cardinal de Lorraine. It is stated by Fleury that Cardinal de Tournon was responsible for the selection.
496:, or rather, whichever party could make an arrangement with Farnese for his votes, who would decide the election. Farnese knew that he could not become pope himself, but he was determined that a member of his group would. The French and Farnese tried Marcello Cervini, but the Imperialists would have none of it. It had come down to a choice between two unpalatable candidates: Cervini and del Monte. On 7 February 1550 the required two-thirds majority elected Cardinal Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, who chose the throne name
368:
faction, of which
Cardinal Tournon was a member, could count on between ten and twelve votes. According to the Bishop of Aosta, Pietro Gazino, the French intended to vote for Cardinal de Tournon, and, if his candidacy should fail, for Cardinal Sanseverino. Cardinal Jean de Lorraine was the official leader of the French, but the management of affairs was in the hands of Cardinal de Tournon. The situation was made less complicated when the leaders of the Imperial party, Cardinal
1949:
472:
Another French
Cardinal, Georges d'Armagnac, arrived on 28 December. Cardinal Louis de Bourbon de Vendôme, who was the French candidate (or so Cardinal de Guise had been advised by the King) was one of the latest arrivals, not reaching Rome until 14 January 1550. Tournon's name had been given to Guise as an alternate, if Bourbon de Vendome's candidacy should falter. In fact neither had a chance. Queen Catherine apparently favored
1961:
565:, who, unfortunately, was not in attendance; he was legate in England, guiding the government of Queen Mary I in its return to the Roman Church. On the evening of 9 April Cardinal Marcello Cervini was elected pope by "adoration", and the next morning was elected unanimously in a ballot. He chose the name Marcellus II, but he reigned only twenty-two days, dying in the night of 30 April - 1 May 1555.
601:, became increasingly alarmed at the growing Huguenot power in France, and in mid-June 1560 appointed two joint legates to go to France as Inquisitors General to deal with the problem. The legates were Cardinal François de Tournon and Cardinal Charles de Lorraine. The latter was already in France. Tournon left Rome on 25 July, and arrived at the French Court in Orléans on 24 October.
1937:
658:. On 11 February, at a meeting of the Queen-mother, Antoine de Bourbon, the Chancellor, and Cardinals de Bourbon and de Tournon, it was decided to terminate the discussions. The possibility of a rapprochement, even if it extended only to practice and not to theology, was even more remote than before. The cardinal became seriously ill during the discussions.
958:
excommunicated King Henry". Tournon never went to
England, however, and Henry VIII was only contingently excommunicated on 11 July 1533, if he did not put aside Anne Boleyn by October (of 1534). In fact, Cardinal de Tournon had intervened with the pope in April to get a delay in the implementation of the threat of excommunication: Rawdon Brown,
286:
had the case investigated, and he found in favor of
Tournon, though Brolio then appealed to a future general council. The pope had had enough, and he sanctioned the move of Tournon to Bourges, where he was installed by proxy on 16 April 1526. He took solemn possession in person on 19 May. On 21 March
1054:
Annales de la Société des soi-disans Jésuites; ou recueil historique-chronologique de tous les actes, écrits, dénonciations ... ordonnances ... bulles ...: contre la doctrine, l'enseignement, les entreprises & les forfaits des soi-disans Jésuites, depuis 1552, époque de leur naissance en France,
552:
to Rome as his
Ambassador, Henri II instructed him to inform the cardinals that his first choice as the next Pope was Cardinal d'Este, and, failing that, his choice was Cardinal de Tournon. The Conclave began on Friday 5 April 1555, with thirty-seven cardinals in attendance. Cardinal de Tournon was
388:
In 1536, Cardinal de
Tournon first voiced the idea of founding the Collège de Tournon in his home town. In 1542 the financial foundations of the college were laid when the cardinal transferred to the college the Priory of Andance, which belonged to his Abbey of La Chaise-Dieu. The cardinal was most
281:
in Consistory. At the death of the previous Archbishop of Bourges in 1525, the Canons had gathered to elect his successor. There was a disputed election, some of the electors supporting Canon Jacques de Brolio, and the greater number supporting Archbishop François de Tournon of Embrun. As was usual
576:
on the 25th, while Pope Marcellus was still alive, to get King Henri to send the French cardinals as soon as possible. Cardinal Alessandro Farnese wrote the same thing, also while Marcellus II was alive, to the King directly. There were eight more cardinals at the second Conclave of 1555, but only
210:
He was the son of Jacques, seigneur de Tournon and Comte de Rousillon, and Jeanne de Polignac, daughter of Guillaume-Armand, Comte de Polignac. Comte Jacques served with the French armies in the Italian wars, where he died. François was their fifth son. The eldest son Christophe assumed the family
617:
Beginning from his assumption of the cardinal's hat in 1530, Cardinal de Tournon had been in a position to see and to disapprove of some of the doings at the royal court and elsewhere among the aristocracy. Calvinism and Lutheranism had been making inroads among the aristocracy, and in particular
358:
set off as Ambassadors to the Holy See; they had a joint commission. On 21 November, it was reported that they had left Paris. It was at the beginning of the visit to Rome, on 13 January 1533, that Tournon first took his seat in Consistory. Pope Clement, who was caught between the Emperor and the
645:
A second series of meetings was arranged by Catherine and l'Hôpital which took place at the royal château of Saint-Germain between 27 January and 11 February 1562. The legate, d'Este, and the cardinals participated. On this occasion Beza attacked the cult of images, making no distinction between
471:
When Pope Paul III died on 10 November 1549, at the age of eighty-one, Cardinal de Tournon and seven other cardinals set out for Rome and the Conclave. Forty-two cardinals entered Conclave on 29 November 1549. Cardinals de Guise, du Bellay, Vendôme, Chastillon and Tournon arrived on 12 December.
416:
to King Francis, to induce them to come to Nice. He had negotiated with the Duke of Savoy to have the citadel of Nice placed at his disposal, to which the Duke had agreed; the Duke, however, did not carry out his commitment out of fear of what the French or the Spanish might attempt. The war was
957:
Retrieved: 2016-04-21: "The cardinal was sent to Rome to avoid the threat of excommunication against the French king; and then from Rome he went to England to try to convince King Henry VIII Tudor of England not to break with the pope; at that time, Pope Clement VII, influenced by the emperor,
528:
and Primate of all the Gauls was approved in Consistory by Pope Julius III. On 28 September 1552, Cardinal de Tournon made his solemn entry into his new diocese. His appointment relieved Cardinal Ippolito d'Este of the Administratorship which he had held since 1539. On the death of Cardinal de
367:
Pope Clement died in Rome on 25 September 1534. The conclave to elect his successor opened on Monday, 11 October 1534, with between thirty-three and thirty-seven cardinals in attendance. There was a total of forty-six living cardinals, of whom ten did not attend the Conclave at all. The French
515:
had died during the Conclave. Cardinal Carafa, the Bishop of Sabina, had moved up to the See of Palestrina, which had been vacated by Cardinal del Monte. Cardinal de Tournon remained in Rome for the next three years, being recalled to France by Catherine de' Medici and King Francis II in 1559
265:, and the First President of the Parliament of Paris. Their unpleasant task was to negotiate with the Emperor Charles V for the release of their King, who had been taken prisoner to Spain. Queen Louise sent Tournon to Madrid to lead the negotiations. This was finally achieved in the Treaty of
608:
since 1484 began at Orleans. The King and Queen were present, along with five cardinals. Cardinal de Tournon presided, as the senior cleric present. Chancellor l'Hôpital gave a long address in the name of the government. Then the Baron de Rochefort, Jacques de Silly, spoke in the name of the
294:
In 1529, Archbishop de Tournon was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to the Court of Madrid to obtain the release of the two eldest sons of King Francis, who were hostages of their father's good behavior. Tournon escorted them back to France, along with the sister of the Emperor,
389:
careful to obtain the permission of Pope Paul III for this transaction, and then sensibly persuaded King Francis I to ratify the donation by Letters Patent, which were dated 4 February 1544. The first building was completed in 1548. Again, the cardinal was careful to persuade
238:. In 1533 he was host to a visit from King Francis. He resigned the abbey in 1541, in favor of Charles de Tournon, his nephew. The abbey was sacked by the Huguenots in the Third War of Religion, on 1 August 1562, three months after the death of François de Tournon.
580:
In 1559 François de Tournon was appointed Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Reomaus in the diocese of Langres by Pope Pius IV, a post he held until his death in 1562. On 13 March 1560, Cardinal de Tournon was promoted to the suburbicarian
393:(1549-1555) to issue a Bull in favor of the erection of the Collège de Tournon, which King Henri ordered the Parliament of Toulouse to register by an Arrêt dated 11 April 1553. On 6 January 1559, the cardinal turned the College over to the
665:
on 21 April 1562, at the age of 73. His body was initially interred in the Abbey of S. Germain, out of fear of marauding bands of Huguenots. Later it was transferred to the Jesuit church at the College de Tournon, which he had founded.
557:(nine days of official mourning) for those who needed to travel a great distance to make the journey. In April 1555 the Bull was ignored by the College of Cardinals. Only two French cardinals, therefore, were actually present,
782:
Le clergé de France, ou tableau historique et chronologique des archevêques, évêques, abbés, abbesses et chefs des chapitres principaux du royaume, depuis la fondation des églises jusqu'à nos jours, par M. l'abbé Hugues Du
764:
Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive summorum pontificum, S.R.E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series: e documentis tabularii praesertium Vaticani collecta, digesta, edita. Saeculum XVI ab anno 1503
571:
arrived in Rome on 21 April 1555. If the Bull of Julius III had been obeyed, and an additional fifteen days taken, Cardinal Louis would have been in time to participate in the first Conclave. He wrote to his brother
462:
In 1548 the cardinal was ordered to represent the King of France, now Henri II, at the peace negotiations which took place in Nice, with the Emperor and the pope. He was successful in arranging a ten years peace.
971:
The Master of Ceremonies, Biagio de Martinelli da Cesena, wrote in his Diary that thirty-two cardinals attended the opening ceremonies, but that Cardinal Grimaldi did not, on account of illness: Gattico I, p.
458:
that he was to retire to his estates. He was out of favor with the new King. He retired to one of his monasteries, the Abbey of Tournus, which he had acquired in 1535, and did not engage in political affairs.
870:
Cardinal de Tournon was present, according to the Venetian Ambassador Giovanni Antonio Venier, along with the cardinals Du Prat (the French Chancellor), de Bourbon, de Lorraine and de Gramont. Rawdon Brown,
1647:
Acta selecta caeremonialia sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, ex variis mss. codicibus et diariis saeculi XV.XVI.XVII. aucta et illustrata pluribus aliis monumentis nondum editis collectore P.D. Joanne Baptista
1836:
40:
642:, John Calvin's French disciple, was explaining the Calvinist view of the Eucharist, Cardinal de Tournon could not contain himself and launched into a denunciation of Beza's heresies.
1702:
Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, Relating to English Affairs, Existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice: And in Other Libraries of Northern Italy. 1527/1533
504:
424:
on 30 March 1541. Tournon held the post until his resignation in April 1551. His resignation was contingent upon his receipt of an annual payment of 10,000 livres Tournois.
1724:
Entrevue de François Premier Avec Henry VIII, À Boulogne-sur Mer, en 1532: Intervention de la France Dans L'affaire Du Divorce, D'après Un Grand Nombre de Documents Inédits
339:, had been imprudently cast aside. Henry desperately needed someone else to deal with the Curia for him. He tried getting a cardinal of his own: the Bishop of Worcester,
919:
Hamy, pp. ccclvi-ccclviii. Tournon reports that Henry VIII had revoked the commissions of all of his agents and ordered Dr. Benoist to take his leave of the pope.
174:. In the same year he founded the Collège de Tournon. For a period he was effectively France's foreign minister. He was a prominent leader in the fight against
1846:
319:. He did not participate in the ceremony of the closing and opening of the mouth, by which he gained the right to speak in Consistory, until 13 January 1533.
962:
IV, p. 397, no. 877. Clement died on 25 September 1534, without having pronounced a definitive sentence. It was Paul III who excommunicated Henry VIII.
249:
on 24 February 1525, Monseigneur de Tournon, Archbishop of Embrun, was summoned to membership in the Council of the King. He joined the Queen-mother,
435:
1863:
215:(1295-1303) the members of the Order of S. Antoine followed the Rule of S. Augustine and were considered Canons Regular of S. Augustine (CRSA).
638:
in an attempt to bring about a reconciliation between Catholics and Calvinists (Huguenots) in France. At the first session, however, when
553:
not among them. A bull had been procured from Julius III in November 1554, allowing for an extra fifteen days after the conclusion of the
223:
François was Canon of Avignon, when he was elected Archbishop of Embrun in 1518 at the age of twenty-eight. His election was confirmed by
1328:
Lettres et memoires d'estat, des Roys, Princes, Ambassadeurs et autres ministres sous les Regnes de François I., Henry II. et François II
1767:
Barbiche, Bernard; de Dainville-Barbiche, Ségolène (1985). "Les légats à latere en France et leurs facultés aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles".
730:
Histoire de l'ordre hospitalier de Saint-Antoine de Viennois et de ses commanderies et prieurés: première partie [seule publiée]
2031:
1991:
417:
finally settled by The Truce of Nice, signed on 18 June 1538 by Francis I and Charles V, through the mediation of Pope Paul III.
2006:
2001:
1670:
Négociations, lettres et pièces diverses relatives au règne de François II: tirées du portefeuille de Sébastien de l'Aubespine
1549:
1479:
1116:
1080:
316:
1507:
Histoire de France, depuis l'etablissement de la monarchie françoise dans les Gaules. Dédiée au roy. Par le P. G. Daniel ...
2016:
1149:
Gulik and Eubel, p. 125 and nn. 5 and 7. He was succeeded by another Cardinal as Administrator, Cardinal Ippolito d'Este.
533:
605:
2011:
525:
186:
menace to both doctrinal orthodoxy and the social order. He took a prominent role in the Estates General of 1560, the
1678:
1029:
1025:
2021:
1890:
1445:
Collection des procès-verbaux des Assemblées-générales de clergé de France, depuis l'année 1560, jusqu'à présent
373:
307:
Archbishop François de Tournon was one of five prelates created a cardinal in the Consistory of 9 March 1530 by
582:
335:. The one person who might have been able to manage the intricacies of the Roman Curia on his behalf, Cardinal
30:
266:
258:
1614:
Histoire des cardinaux illustres qui ont été employez dans les affaires d'Estat... par le sieur Duverdier,...
573:
493:
312:
454:
King Francis I died on 31 March 1547, and on 2 April 1547 the cardinal received an ordonnance in council of
492:. As happened so frequently, the French and the Imperialists excluded each other's candidates. It would be
1311:
Le grand cartulaire de l'Abbaye d'Ainay, suvi d'un autre cartulaire rédigé en 1286 et de documents inédits
622:. Around 1535 she had become sufficiently emboldened that she requested the King for permission to invite
1996:
1625:
Tournon. Histoire du cardinal de Tournon (archevêque de Lyon), ministre de France sous quatre de nos rois
661:
Cardinal de Tournon had written his Last Will and Testament on 21 June 1561. François de Tournon died at
327:
As soon as he became a cardinal, François de Tournon was drawn into the affairs of the King of England.
195:
420:
Cardinal de Tournon was appointed Archbishop of Auch on 14 June 1538. The pallium was granted to him by
2026:
1927:
768:(in Latin) (editio altera ed.). Monasterii: sumptibus et typis Libr. Regensbergianae. p. 190.
568:
1880:
1108:
Emperor Charles V, Impresario of War: Campaign Strategy, International Finance, and Domestic Politics
1787:
Malov, Vladimir N. (1987). "Lettres inédites du Cardinal François de Tournon (Juin-Decembre 1552),"
635:
511:. There had suddenly been two new vacancies: Cardinal del Monte had been elected Pope, and Cardinal
1907:
1024:
Massip, pp. 1 and 6. He was joined in the enterprise by his nephews, Jacques de Tournon, Bishop of
655:
409:
277:
On 8 January 1526, the translation of Archbishop de Tournon from Embrun to Bourges was approved by
1469:
631:
1873:
1574:
428:
159:
1668:
1634:
1612:
1505:
1309:
1106:
1052:
780:
548:(del Monte) died on Saturday, 23 March 1555, at the age of 68. In 1554, when sending Cardinal
1853:
1541:
1279:
745:
662:
619:
549:
477:
254:
151:
1722:
1399:
1986:
1981:
446:
413:
398:
199:
191:
1373:(in Italian). Vol. secondo. Venezia: nella stamperia Remondini. pp. 179 no. 114.
147:
8:
623:
405:
332:
315:
as Holy Roman Emperor. In the Consistory of 16 May, Tournon was named Cardinal Priest of
262:
242:
235:
1746:
Le cardinal François de Tournon: homme d'état, diplomate, mécène et humaniste, 1489-1562
1384:
1953:
1776:
627:
455:
355:
296:
212:
187:
1819:
1573:
Noël Valois, "Les essais de conciliation religieuse au début du règne de Charles IX,"
473:
1674:
1545:
1534:
1475:
1471:
Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation
1112:
1076:
951:
344:
340:
190:
and the Colloquy of Saint-Germain in 1562. He participated in the papal conclaves of
1801:
1941:
1826:
348:
308:
283:
82:
1810:
1744:
1733:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1657:
1645:
1623:
1523:
1443:
1368:
1326:
1160:
1133:
1070:
807:
762:
728:
711:
545:
512:
508:
497:
485:
450:(Ambroniacum')' in the Diocese of Lyon by the monks; he held the post until 1550.
390:
369:
250:
246:
1756:
162:. From 1536 he was also a military supply officer of French forces operating in
1900:
1632:
1510:(in French). Vol. Tome troisieme. Paris: Denis Mariette. pp. 749–753.
1314:(in French and Latin). Vol. Tome II. Lyon: Imprimerie Pitrat. p. xxi.
1162:
Tournus. Nouvelle Histoire de l'abbaye de St-Filibert et de la ville de Tournus
558:
231:
1694:(in French). Vol. Second volume. Paris: A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven et cie.
1975:
1965:
639:
562:
481:
421:
377:
336:
288:
278:
182:, especially at the French Royal Court, and what he perceived as the growing
1342:
1242:
1000:
1636:
Histoire generale de Languedoc: avec des notes et les pieces justificatives
598:
586:
489:
155:
39:
1762:. Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press. GGKEY:ZFAB10RZQSL.
1713:
Le collège de Tournon en Vivarais, d'après les documents originaux inédits
1331:(in French). Vol. Tome second. Paris: François Clouzier. p. 518.
1307:
1281:
Almanach civil, politique et littéraire de Lyon et du département de Rhône
709:
561:
and Georges d'Armagnac. The favorite of Charles V and Philip II was again
1917:
1467:
1072:
The Italian Wars 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe
809:
La captivité de François Ier et le Traité de Madrid: étude historique ...
287:
1528 he presided over a council in Bourges, at which the new heresies of
175:
1780:
1662:(in Italian). Vol. Tomo quarto. Roma: Pagliarini. pp. 114–118.
1617:(in French) (nouvelle ed.). Paris: J.-B. Loyson. pp. 255–276.
328:
311:. The Consistory was held in Bologna, where the pope had come to crown
224:
1639:(in French). Vol. Tome cinquieme. Paris: J. Vincent. p. 161.
347:; Giambattista Casale; Giovanni Matteo Giberti, Bishop of Verona; and
747:
Armorial des grands maîtres et des abbés de Saint-Antoine de viennois
179:
1068:
503:
On 28 February 1550, Cardinal de Tournon was promoted suburbicarian
434:
From 1543 to 1556 the cardinal's attending physician was the famous
408:
of Milan died on 24 October 1535, King Francis decided to renew the
1948:
1651:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus I. Rome: Joannes Laurentius Barbierini.
1432:
François, pp. 338 ff. Barbiche and Dainville-Barbiche, pp. 158-159.
1138:(in Latin). Vol. 32. Barri-Ducis: L. Guerin. pp. 445–448.
480:(who was a non-starter). The leading candidates in the voting were
227:
in Consistory on 30 July 1518. He served as archbishop until 1525.
183:
171:
163:
427:
In 1540 Francis I appointed Cardinal de Tournon Chancellor of the
532:
In 1554 Tournon was elected Abbot of the monastery of Athanacum (
394:
1536:
Ecumenism in the Age of the Reformation: The Colloquy of Poissy
1111:. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–164.
1766:
442:
167:
906:
Reported by the Venetian Ambassador on 7 May: Rawdon Brown,
654:(worship and reverence), and rejecting the authority of the
536:) in the diocese of Lyon. He held the post until his death.
354:
On 6 November 1532, therefore, the cardinals de Tournon and
1659:
Memorie storiche de cardinali della Santa romana chiesa ...
1448:. Vol. Tome premier. Paris: G. Desprez. pp. 7–14.
1633:
Claude de Vic; Joseph i. e. Jean Joseph Vaissette (1745).
1370:
Opere del commendatore Annibal Caro, edizione novissima...
524:
On 11 May 1551, the appointment of Cardinal de Tournon as
1687:
1284:(in French). Lyon: Chez J.-H. Daval. 1746. p. xxxvj.
713:Église et monastère de l'ordre Saint Antoine à Maestricht
1673:(in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. pp. 98–105.
529:
Tournon, Cardinal d'Este resumed the Administratorship.
1735:
Correspondance du cardinal François de Tournon, 1521-62
1540:. Cambridge MA USA: Harvard University Press. pp.
1521:
786:. Vol. Tome troisieme. Paris: Brunet. p. 163.
1050:
750:(in French). Marseille: Barlatier Feissat. p. 57.
445:
of the Benedictine Abbey (Congregation of S. Maur) of
1925:
1474:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 335.
1308:
Le Comte de Charpin-Feugerolles; M.C. Guigue (1885).
805:
760:
1468:
Peter G. Bietenholz; Thomas Brian Deutscher (2003).
1610:
1135:
Caesaris S.R.E. Card. Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici
710:Jean Chrétien Antoine Alexandre Schaepkens (1850).
1755:
1533:
1441:
1132:Cesare Baronio (1878). Augustinus Theiner (ed.).
230:He was appointed the first commendatory abbot of
1973:
1731:
1324:
441:On 22 July 1544 Cardinal de Tournon was elected
282:in such cases, the matter was referred to Rome.
1400:Letter of Tournon to the Constable Montmorency.
1069:Michael Edward Mallett; Christine Shaw (2014).
1058:Vol. Tome second. Paris. pp. 724–725.
1028:(1536-1553), and Charles de Tournon, Bishop of
743:
726:
1738:(in French and Latin). Paris: Honoré Champion.
1688:Petruccelli della Gattina, Ferdinando (1864).
1525:Le colloque de Poissy (septembre-octobre 1561)
1269:IV (Paris: ex typographia Regia 1728), p. 184.
1248:Retrieved: 2016-04-22. Petruccelli, pp. 56-61.
1131:
1104:
950:, has the following extraordinary story about
778:
733:(in French). Aix: Guitton-Talamer. p. 43.
158:friar, an archbishop, diplomat, courtier, and
1698:
1621:
1531:
1165:(in French). Dijon: Ant. de Fay. p. 252.
1158:
834:IV (Paris: ex typographia Regia 1728), p. 97.
604:On 13 December 1560 the first meeting of the
1791:145 (Paris: Droz 1987), 129-161 (in French).
1666:
1366:
1753:
1367:Annibal Caro (1757). Pierre Marbeuf (ed.).
716:(in French). Hebbelynck. pp. 2 and 16.
322:
299:, who married King Francis on 4 July 1530.
630:, which had been summoned by Queen Mother
612:
331:wanted a divorce from the Emperor's aunt,
1503:
1075:. New York: Routledge. pp. 228–236.
241:Following the defeat and capture of King
1742:
1655:
592:
466:
397:, and they obtained Letters Patent from
272:
1643:
772:
476:(who died on 31 January 1550) and then
218:
33:of Ostia e Velletri; Archbishop of Lyon
1974:
1709:
1705:. Vol. IV. London: Longman Green.
1576:Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France
1187:Massip, p. 8. Du Verdier, pp. 263-264.
948:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1611:Saulnier Du Verdier, Gilbert (1653).
519:
383:
1720:
812:Bruxelles: Muquardt. pp. 29–31.
539:
401:in 1561 confirming the arrangement.
1789:Bibliothèque de L'École des Chartes
1691:Histoire diplomatique des conclaves
1386:Sede Vacante 1555: The May Conclave
1223:Petruccelli, pp. 32-35, 39, 47, 48.
897:IV, p. 369 no. 826, p. 370 no. 829.
761:W. Gulik and C. Eubel, ed. (1923).
362:
13:
1837:Antoine de Lévis de Château-Morand
1716:. Paris: Alphonse Picard, éditeur.
1644:Gattico, Joannes Baptista (1753).
291:were denounced and anathematized.
14:
2043:
2032:Deans of the College of Cardinals
1795:
1528:. Paris: H. Champion. p. 29.
1196:Juenin, pp. 242, 251–252, 255–256
928:Hamy, pp. ccclix-ccclxi, no. 104.
1959:
1947:
1935:
1749:(in French). Paris: De Broccard.
1522:Alphonse baron de Ruble (1889).
38:
1622:Fleury-Ternal, Charles (1728).
1604:
1591:
1582:
1567:
1558:
1514:
1497:
1488:
1461:
1452:
1442:Antoine Duranthon, ed. (1767).
1435:
1426:
1423:Gulik and Eubel, pp. 21 and 56.
1417:
1405:
1393:
1377:
1360:
1351:
1335:
1318:
1297:
1288:
1272:
1260:
1257:Gulik and Eubel, pp. 21 and 58.
1251:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1169:
1152:
1143:
1125:
1098:
1089:
1062:
1051:Jean Antoine Gazaignes (1765).
1044:
1035:
1018:
1009:
993:
984:
975:
965:
940:
931:
922:
913:
900:
887:
878:
864:
855:
846:
837:
825:
816:
799:
618:with King Francis' only sister
1769:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
1732:François, Michel, ed. (1946).
806:Louis Prosper Gachard (1860).
790:
754:
737:
720:
703:
694:
685:
676:
119:College de Tournon, Tournon FR
1:
2007:16th-century French cardinals
2002:16th-century French diplomats
1992:People from Tournon-sur-Rhône
1727:(in French). Paris: L. Gougy.
669:
574:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
374:Matthaeus Lang von Wellenberg
205:
111:Saint-Germain en Laye, France
1628:(in French). Paris: D'Houry.
66:Ostia e Velletri (1560-1562)
7:
1754:Scarisbrick, J. J. (1968).
1699:Brown, Rawdon, ed. (1871).
1597:Fleury, p. 406 and 419-420.
852:Gulik and Eubel, pp. 20-21.
302:
257:, Marguerite's husband the
135:Jacques, Comte de Roussilon
10:
2048:
2017:Cardinal-bishops of Sabina
1667:Paris, Louis, ed. (1841).
1656:Cardella, Lorenzo (1793).
569:Louis I, Cardinal of Guise
2012:Cardinal-bishops of Ostia
1914:
1905:
1897:
1887:
1881:Cardinal-bishop of Sabina
1878:
1870:
1860:
1851:
1843:
1833:
1824:
1816:
1809:
1743:François, Michel (1951).
1520:Du Verdier, pp. 270-271.
1325:Guillaume Ribier (1666).
484:(the Imperial favorite),
131:
123:
115:
105:
100:Tournon-sur-Rhône, France
93:
88:
75:
70:
60:
46:
37:
29:
18:
1908:Cardinal-bishop of Ostia
1710:Massip, Maurice (1890).
1494:Du Verdier, pp. 260-261.
1294:Gulik and Eubel, p. 230.
822:Gulik and Eubel, p. 135.
744:Gustave Vallier (1881).
727:Victor Advielle (1883).
656:Second Council of Nicaea
323:England, France and Rome
1214:Petruccelli, pp. 25-26.
1105:James D. Tracy (2002).
779:Hugues Du Tems (1775).
613:Religious controversies
317:SS. Marcellino e Pietro
2022:Archbishops of Bourges
1874:Giovanni Pietro Carafa
1811:Catholic Church titles
1532:Donald Nugent (1974).
1402:Retrieved: 2016-04-24.
1390:Retrieved: 2016-04-24.
1348:Retrieved: 2016-04-24.
1244:Sede Vacante 1549-1550
1205:Petruccelli, p. 41-42.
1159:Pierre Juenin (1733).
1006:Retrieved: 2016-04-20.
981:Petruccelli, II, p. 3.
1854:Archbishop of Bourges
1721:Hamy, Alfred (1898).
1015:Petruccelli, pp. 7-8.
663:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
620:Marguerite de Navarre
593:Estates General, 1560
467:Conclave of 1549-1550
429:Ordre de Saint-Michel
273:Archbishop of Bourges
152:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1891:Robert de Lenoncourt
1458:Fleury, pp. 342-348.
1344:Sede Vacante of 1555
884:Scarisbrick, p. 307.
861:Scarisbrick, p. 305.
632:Catherine de' Medici
269:on 14 January 1526.
253:, the King's sister
219:Archbishop of Embrun
1564:Du Verdier, p. 272.
1095:Du Verdier, p. 259.
953:Cardinal de Tournon
937:Du Verdier, p. 259.
910:IV, p. 402 no. 887.
843:Du Verdier, p. 258.
796:Du Verdier, p. 257.
636:Michel de l'Hôpital
634:and her Chancellor
624:Philipp Melanchthon
333:Catherine of Aragon
236:Francis I of France
144:François de Tournon
52:Bourges (1526-1537)
24:François de Tournon
1997:Augustinian canons
1579:31 (1945) 262-274.
1530:Duranthon, p. 27.
1504:G. Daniel (1713).
1232:Petruccelli, p. 52
990:Petruccelli, p. 4.
946:Salvador Miranda,
628:Colloquy of Poissy
550:Georges d'Armagnac
526:Archbishop of Lyon
520:Archbishop of Lyon
490:Gian Pietro Carafa
436:Guillaume Rondelet
384:College de Tournon
356:Gabriel de Gramont
297:Eleanor of Austria
213:Pope Boniface VIII
188:Colloquy of Poissy
137:Jeanne de Polignac
64:Sabina (1550-1560)
50:Embrun (1518-1525)
2027:Bishops of Embrun
1924:
1923:
1915:Succeeded by
1888:Succeeded by
1861:Succeeded by
1847:François de Bueil
1834:Succeeded by
1551:978-0-674-23725-4
1481:978-0-8020-8577-1
1412:Gallia christiana
1304:Gallia christiana
1267:Gallia christiana
1176:Gallia christiana
1118:978-0-521-81431-7
1082:978-1-317-89939-6
1002:Sede Vacante 1534
832:Gallia christiana
544:Tournon's friend
540:Conclaves of 1555
370:Bernhard von Cles
345:Gregory di Casale
341:Girolamo Ghinucci
148:Tournon-sur-Rhône
141:
140:
2039:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1898:Preceded by
1871:Preceded by
1844:Preceded by
1827:Bishop of Embrun
1817:Preceded by
1807:
1806:
1784:
1763:
1761:
1750:
1739:
1728:
1717:
1706:
1695:
1684:
1663:
1652:
1640:
1629:
1618:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1539:
1529:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
969:
963:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
904:
898:
891:
885:
882:
876:
868:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
841:
835:
829:
823:
820:
814:
813:
803:
797:
794:
788:
787:
776:
770:
769:
758:
752:
751:
741:
735:
734:
724:
718:
717:
707:
701:
698:
692:
691:Fleury, pp. 4-7.
689:
683:
680:
505:Bishop of Sabina
494:Cardinal Farnese
474:Cardinal Ridolfi
406:Francesco Sforza
363:Conclave of 1534
349:Stephen Gardiner
309:Pope Clement VII
284:Pope Clement VII
261:, the Constable
234:in 1519 by King
150:– 1562 in
89:Personal details
83:Pope Clement VII
76:Created cardinal
56:Lyon (1551-1562)
54:Auch (1538-1551)
42:
16:
15:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1876:
1866:
1857:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1822:
1820:Niccolò Fieschi
1798:
1681:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1365:
1361:
1357:Ribier, p. 608.
1356:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1323:
1319:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1067:
1063:
1055:jusqu'en 1763 .
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
998:
994:
989:
985:
980:
976:
970:
966:
945:
941:
936:
932:
927:
923:
918:
914:
905:
901:
892:
888:
883:
879:
869:
865:
860:
856:
851:
847:
842:
838:
830:
826:
821:
817:
804:
800:
795:
791:
777:
773:
759:
755:
742:
738:
725:
721:
708:
704:
699:
695:
690:
686:
681:
677:
672:
615:
606:Estates General
595:
546:Pope Julius III
542:
522:
513:Ennio Filonardi
509:Pope Julius III
486:Giovanni Morone
478:Cardinal d'Este
469:
399:King Charles IX
391:Pope Julius III
386:
365:
325:
305:
275:
251:Louise of Savoy
247:Battle of Pavia
221:
208:
154:) was a French
136:
110:
101:
98:
80:
65:
55:
53:
51:
31:Cardinal-Bishop
25:
22:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1904:
1901:Jean du Bellay
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1796:External links
1794:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1764:
1751:
1740:
1729:
1718:
1707:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1664:
1653:
1641:
1630:
1619:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1588:Massip, p. 29.
1581:
1566:
1557:
1550:
1513:
1496:
1487:
1480:
1460:
1451:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1376:
1359:
1350:
1334:
1317:
1296:
1287:
1271:
1259:
1250:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1168:
1151:
1142:
1124:
1117:
1097:
1088:
1081:
1061:
1043:
1041:Massip, p. 10.
1034:
1017:
1008:
992:
983:
974:
964:
939:
930:
921:
912:
899:
893:Rawdon Brown,
886:
877:
863:
854:
845:
836:
824:
815:
798:
789:
771:
753:
736:
719:
702:
700:Fleury, p. 19.
693:
684:
674:
673:
671:
668:
614:
611:
597:The new Pope,
594:
591:
559:Jean du Bellay
541:
538:
521:
518:
468:
465:
385:
382:
364:
361:
324:
321:
304:
301:
274:
271:
232:la Chaise-Dieu
220:
217:
207:
204:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
27:
26:
23:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1864:Jacques Leroy
1856:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1680:9780598848697
1676:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1585:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1544:–79 and 103.
1543:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1383:J. P. Adams,
1380:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1341:J. P. Adams,
1338:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1241:J. P. Adams,
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1005:
1003:
999:J. P. Adams,
996:
987:
978:
968:
961:
956:
954:
949:
943:
934:
925:
916:
909:
903:
896:
890:
881:
874:
867:
858:
849:
840:
833:
828:
819:
811:
810:
802:
793:
785:
784:
775:
767:
766:
757:
749:
748:
740:
732:
731:
723:
715:
714:
706:
697:
688:
679:
675:
667:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
643:
641:
640:Theodore Beza
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
610:
607:
602:
600:
590:
588:
584:
578:
575:
570:
566:
564:
563:Reginald Pole
560:
556:
551:
547:
537:
535:
530:
527:
517:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:Reginald Pole
479:
475:
464:
460:
457:
452:
451:
448:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
422:Pope Paul III
418:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
381:
379:
375:
372:and Cardinal
371:
360:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Thomas Wolsey
334:
330:
320:
318:
314:
310:
300:
298:
292:
290:
289:Martin Luther
285:
280:
279:Pope Paul III
270:
268:
264:
260:
259:Duc d'Alençon
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
228:
226:
216:
214:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:22 April 1562
108:
104:
96:
92:
87:
84:
78:
74:
69:
63:
59:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
28:
17:
1906:
1879:
1852:
1825:
1788:
1772:
1768:
1757:
1745:
1734:
1723:
1712:
1701:
1690:
1669:
1658:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1605:Bibliography
1593:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1560:
1535:
1524:
1516:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1369:
1362:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1327:
1320:
1310:
1306:IV, p. 241.
1303:
1299:
1290:
1280:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1134:
1127:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1071:
1064:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1032:(1523-1550).
1020:
1011:
1001:
995:
986:
977:
967:
959:
952:
947:
942:
933:
924:
915:
907:
902:
894:
889:
880:
872:
866:
857:
848:
839:
831:
827:
818:
808:
801:
792:
781:
774:
763:
756:
746:
739:
729:
722:
712:
705:
696:
687:
682:Massip, p. 1
678:
660:
651:
647:
644:
616:
603:
596:
587:Pope Pius IV
583:See of Ostia
579:
567:
554:
543:
531:
523:
502:
470:
461:
453:
449:
440:
433:
426:
419:
410:Italian Wars
403:
387:
366:
353:
326:
306:
293:
276:
240:
229:
222:
209:
143:
142:
1987:1562 deaths
1982:1489 births
1954:Catholicism
1918:Rodolfo Pio
1414:IV, p. 667.
1178:IV, p. 279.
1140:§ 8, 11-14.
875:IV, p. 362.
765:complectens
555:Novendiales
263:Montmorency
176:Lutheranism
156:Augustinian
124:Nationality
47:Archdiocese
1976:Categories
1912:1560–1562
1885:1550–1560
1858:1526–1536
1831:1517–1525
1775:: 93–165.
1758:Henry VIII
670:References
589:(Medici).
498:Julius III
404:When Duke
329:Henry VIII
255:Marguerite
225:Pope Leo X
206:Early life
1942:Biography
1802:Biography
313:Charles V
243:Francis I
180:Calvinism
146:(1489 in
1781:23564223
960:Calendar
908:Calendar
895:Calendar
873:Calendar
456:Henri II
447:Ambronay
378:Paul III
303:Cardinal
184:Huguenot
172:Piedmont
164:Provence
160:cardinal
20:Cardinal
1928:Portals
1648:Gattico
1030:Viviers
1026:Valence
648:douleia
599:Pius IV
395:Jesuits
245:in the
132:Parents
61:Diocese
1966:France
1779:
1677:
1548:
1478:
1115:
1079:
652:latria
488:, and
267:Madrid
198:, and
127:French
116:Buried
71:Orders
1777:JSTOR
534:Ainay
443:abbot
414:Carpi
168:Savoy
1675:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1077:ISBN
972:325.
783:Tems
650:and
200:1559
196:1549
192:1534
178:and
170:and
106:Died
97:1489
94:Born
79:1530
585:by
507:by
343:;
81:by
1978::
1773:23
1771:.
1542:74
500:.
438:.
431:.
380:.
202:.
194:,
166:,
1930::
1783:.
1683:.
1554:.
1484:.
1388:.
1346:.
1246:.
1121:.
1085:.
1004:.
955:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
