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899:, ointments and candles of fat, which were compounded as follows. They took the entrails of cocks sacrificed to demons, certain horrible worms, various unspecified herbs, dead men's nails, the hair, brains, and shreds of the cerements of boys who were buried unbaptized, with other abominations, all of which they cooked, with various incantations, over a fire of oak-logs in a vessel made out of the skull of a decapitated thief.
25:
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given them by the Devil, sends them to sleep, and they dream such a dream that they think they are not dreaming at all. And since the Devil has great power to deceive, he makes them all dream the same dream. And that is why they think they are flying through the air, when they are really fast asleep.
709:
who, unable to find his wife one morning, searched for her all over their estate and finally discovered her lying deeply unconscious, naked and dirty with her vagina exposed, in a corner of the pigsty. The notary 'immediately understood that she was a witch' (!) and at first wanted to kill her on the
2018:
A Colour Atlas of
Poisonous Plants : A Handbook for Pharmacists, Doctors, Toxicologists, and Biologists by Frohne, Dietrich and Pfänder, Hans Jürgen of University of Kiel, translated from second German edition by Norman Grainger Bisset, London : a Wolfe Science Book and one of the volumes
1002:
states in the entry on belladonna: "Belladonna and opium appear to exert antagonistic influences, especially as regards their action on the brain, the spinal cord, and heart; they have consequently been recommended and employed as antidotes to each other in cases of poisoning" going on to make the
697:
as a young man, Augustus returned late one night to his lodgings (without a key) to find no one awake to let him in. Climbing up to a balcony, he was able to enter through a window, and at once sought out the maidservant, who should have been awake to admit him. On checking her room, however, he
3415:
1097:. In 1477 Antone Rose confessed that the devil gave her a stick 18 inches in length on which she would rub an ointment and with the words "go, in the name of the Devil, go" would fly to the "synagogue" (an alternative name for Sabbath in early witchcraft).
495:, the plants most frequently recorded as ingredients in Early Modern recipes for flying ointments are extremely toxic and have caused numerous fatalities when eaten, whether by confusion with edible species or in cases of criminal poisoning or
1003:
extravagant claim that "this matter is now positively and satisfactorily settled; hence in all cases of poisoning by belladonna the great remedy is morphine, and its use may be guided by the degree of pupillary contraction it occasions."
710:
spot, but, thinking better of such rashness, waited until she recovered from her stupor, in order to question her. Terrified by his wrath, the poor woman fell to her knees and confessed that during the night she had 'been on a journey'.
1041:
There is no definite indication of the proportions of solanaceous herbs vs. poppy used in flying ointments, and most historical recipes for flying ointment do not include poppy. Furthermore, a reputable publication by the former UK
886:
sorcerers, at the head of whom was Dame Alice
Kyteler and against whom no fewer than seven charges relating to witchcraft were laid. The fifth charge is of particular interest in the context of the 'greased staffe' mentioned above:
987:
One possible key to how individuals dealt with the toxicity of the nightshades usually said to be part of flying ointments is through the supposed antidotal reaction some of the solanaceous alkaloids have with the alkaloids of
740:
in the early 18th century and is the testimony, at the age of thirteen, of one Siri Jørgensdatter. Siri claimed that when she was seven her grandmother had taken her to the witches' sabbath on the mountain meadow
575:, who not only interviewed users of the flying ointment, but witnessed its effects upon such users at first hand, comparing the deathlike trances he observed in his subjects with their subsequent accounts of the
1237:", Goody Cloyse, after meeting the Devil, says "I was all anointed with the juice of smallage, and cinquefoil, and wolf's bane" to which the Devil replies "ingled with fine wheat and the fat of a new-born babe".
546:
with their lovers...The peculiar hallucinations evoked by the drug had been so powerfully transmitted from the subconscious mind to consciousness that mentally uncultivated persons...believed them to be
531:
He little knows the Devil who does believe that witches and wizards can be borne through the air at wondrous speed to far distant places and there hold revels, dances and suchlike with folk of the same
2364:
Wright, Thomas, ed. A Contemporary
Narrative of the Proceedings Against Dame Alice Kyteler, Prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324, by Richard de Ledrede, Bishop of Ossory. London: The Camden Society, 1843.
870:, contains references not only to her mistress's abilities in the preparation of 'magical' medicines, but also her sexual behaviour, including at least one instance of (alleged) intercourse with a
834:
in rifleing the closet of the ladie , they found a pipe of oyntement, wherewith she greased a staffe, upon which she ambled and galloped through thick and thin, when and in what manner she listed.
1638:
820:
The hallucinations are frequently dominated by the erotic moment...in those days, in order to experience these sensations, young and old women would rub their bodies with the 'witches' salve'.
666:
anointing themselves with certain unguents...they are carried by night through the air to distant lands to do certain black magic...but nothing of this is true, though they think it to be...
2478:
Ayelet Even-Ezra, “Cursus: an early thirteenth century source for nocturnal flights and ointments in the work of Roland of
Cremona,” Magic, Ritual and Witchcraft 12/2 (Winter 2017), 314-330
858:
in 1324 quoted above is, while not explicit, certainly open to interpretations both drug-related and sexual. It is also a very early account of such practices, pre-dating by some centuries
3749:
698:
found her lying unconscious - beyond rousing - on the floor. The following morning he tried to question her on the matter, but she would only reply that she had been 'on a journey'.
1395:, directed by Oz Perkins, the witch, caressing a precious jar filled with ointment, applies it to herself, and then initiates Gretel into witchcraft by inducing her to do the same.
1032:
alkaloid, that was injected and which furnished a combination of painkilling and amnesia for a woman in labor. A version is still manufactured for use as the injectable compound
542:
Magic ointments...produced effects which the subjects themselves believed in, even stating that they had intercourse with evil spirits, had been at the Sabbat and danced on the
1620:
1357:
1514:
713:
Light is cast on the tale of the notary's wife by two accounts widely separated in time but revealing a persistent theme in
European Witchcraft. The first is that of
537:
the mediaeval witch-ointments...brought visionary beings into the presence of the patient, transported him to the witches' sabbath, enabled him to turn into a beast.
2266:
1585:
563:
in the minds of the witches; the souls of the witches leaving their bodies to fly in spirit to the
Sabbath; or a hallucinatory 'trip' facilitated by the
2239:, pub. Oxford University Press 1973, reprinted U.S.A.1978 Chapter 8 : pps. 125-150 : The Role of Hallucinogenic Plants in European Witchcraft.
2159:
Bert-Marco
Schuldes: Psychotropicon zum Bilsenkraut und dem Tod Kiesewetters. In: Psychotropicon. Das Online-Magazin für Psychonauten vom 5. März 2012.
1047:
670:; but after the time agreed upon...their senses are liberated, they arise well and merry, relate what they have done, and bring news from other lands.
753:, whereupon grandmother and granddaughter mounted the animal and, after a short ride through the air, arrived at a building on the Sabbath mountain.
35:
1460:
1890:
1532:
2403:
Davidson, Sharon, and John O. Ward, trans. The
Sorcery Trial of Alice Kyteler: A Contemporary Account (1324). Asheville, NC: Pegasus Press, 2004.
1496:
1415:- is a darkly comic and surprisingly detailed evocation of the traditional Witches' Sabbath, featuring the flying-ointment-related lines :
3359:
3272:
1215:
And although they never fly at all, they think, as soon as they wake, that they have all been to see the calf, and all visited the fields at
729:, goddess of the pagans, and a great multitude of women; that they cover great distances in the silence of the deepest night...' (See also
1043:
1567:
1081:'s theological summa, written in the 1230s. The use by witches of flying ointments was first described, according to known sources, by
2029:
Mateo
Montoya, A; Mavrakanas, N; Schutz, JS (2009). "Acute anticholinergic syndrome from Atropa belladonna mistaken for blueberries".
1478:
1603:
701:
Bartolommeo's second account is more suggestive and points toward another element in the witches' 'flights'. It concerns a certain
1550:
689:('Treatise on witches or evildoers') of 1525. The first concerns an incident in the life of his acquaintance Augustus de Turre of
3477:
3447:
874:. According to the inquisition ('in which were five knights and numerous nobles') set in motion by Richard de Ledrede, Bishop of
859:
825:
the witches confess that...they anoint a staff and ride on it to the appointed place or anoint themselves under the arms and in
3678:
1411:
189:
period, when detailed recipes for such preparations were first recorded and when their usage spread to colonial North
America.
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1760:
96:
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2198:. Translated from the second German edition by P.H.A. Wirth, pub. New York : E.P. Dutton. Original German edition 1924.
68:
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2007:
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3554:
3319:
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2496:
Quoted in : Baroja, Julio Caro The World of the Witches pub. Phoenix 2001 (Original Title Las brujas y su mundo)
1961:
75:
2183:
Primitive Culture : Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom
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1219:. When, by God, in reality, more than two of them have been seen sleeping in their rooms with the ointment on them.
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935:
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82:
2461:, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Reference Book 161 (replacing Bulletin 161) pub. HMSO London, 1984
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163:. Note on extreme right pots of magic ointment and older witch applying ointment to back of naked younger witch
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1704:
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with help of the ointment, or whether such 'flight' was explicable in other ways: a delusion created by the
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64:
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It has been a subject of discussion between clergymen as to whether witches were able physically to fly to
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while they are thus dead and cold, they have no more feeling than a corpse and may be scourged and burnt
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2394:
Williams, Bernadette, 'The Sorcery Trial of Alice Kyteler,' History Ireland Vol. 2, No.4 (Winter, 1994)
1382:
160:
657:
Witches prepare a magic salve. Note naked witch top left riding through the air mounted upon a goat. (
3805:
3703:
3399:
2113:"Anticholinergic Toxic Syndrome Caused by Atropa Belladonna Fruit (Deadly Nightshade): A Case Report"
974:
136:
43:
2101:
pub. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1956 page 28, re. A. belladonna as Lithuanian criminal poison 'Maulda'.
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3507:
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3279:
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Narcotic Plants : Hallucinogens, stimulants, inebriants, and hypnotics, their origins and uses
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or hatred, or to inflict death or disease on the bodies of the faithful, they made use of powders,
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effects of potent drugs absorbed through the skin. An early proponent of the last explanation was
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1093:(printed in Venice, 1507), whose commentary tended to accredit the thesis of the reality of the
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3538:
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1836:
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883:
151:
1863:
1668:
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ball, uses the ointment to become a witch and fly to the estate where the event is being held.
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The first mention of an unguent in relation to a popular belief of orgiastic flying occurs in
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2111:
Demirhan, A; Tekelioğlu, ÜY; Yıldız, İ; Korkmaz, T; Bilgi, M; Akkaya, A; Koçoğlu, H (2013).
1184:, an exchange concerning the flying ointment, the (following) passage occurring in the play
425:
Unrelated to Bacon's account, poisonous ingredients listed in works on ethnobotany include:
3739:
3734:
3457:
3452:
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2609:
2584:
2549:
Witches' Ointment: Information from the Gale Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology
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Quellen und Untersuchen zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns und der Hexengefolgung im Mittelalter
1728:
1263:
721:(circa 906 C.E.) speaks of women who 'seduced...by demons...insist that they ride at night
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while anointing the buttocks of a young witch about to fly to the sabbath upon an inverted
1327:, a group of four girls practicing witchcraft ingest a flying ointment made of belladonna.
8:
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The synergy between belladonna and poppy alkaloids was made use of in the so-called "
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434:
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1054:- far from being antidotes - 'Preparations containing morphine or opiates should be
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Zambapalo: Since I'm no specialist in these matters, I must ask you what happens.
357:(attributed as "Lord Verulam") listed the ingredients of the witches ointment as "
3668:
2924:
2820:
2351:(Unpublished manuscript, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris), quoted in Joseph Hansen
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1435:
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674:
3209:
2548:
3254:
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2283:, pub. Barcelona 1628, P.II, c. 1, N. 6, pps. 45-46, quoted in H.C. Lea :
2232:
2042:
1976:
pub. Chandler and Sharp 1976 (volume in series on cross-cultural themes) p.138.
1920:
The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications
1838:
The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications
1628:
1439:
1258:
1007:
851:
838:
Some sources have claimed that such an ointment would best be absorbed through
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730:
415:
2185:
2 vols. (combined) pub. New York : Brentano's. Originally published 1871.
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3049:
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1558:
1504:
1181:
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419:
354:
1987:
A Manual of Pharmacology and Its Applications to Therapeutics and Toxicology
1865:
Pagan Christmas: The Plants, Spirits, and Rituals at the Origins of Yuletide
1370:, a witch kills an infant child and makes flying ointment out of his corpse.
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3019:
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2146:
2050:
1785:
1318:
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214:
186:
1442:
has a song called Unguentum Sabbati (Ointment of the Sabbat) on the album
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in the illustrated series Wolfe Atlases, pub. Wolfe Publishing Ltd. 1984.
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745:('blue-hill'): her grandmother led her to a pigsty, where she smeared a
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action with atropine'; an appropriate antidote being, by contrast, the
1011:
994:(opium poppy). This antagonism was claimed to exist by the movement of
843:
791: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
474:
370:
53:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2281:
Tratado en el cual se repruevan todas las supersticiones y hechizerías
2196:
Phantastica, Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs : Their Use and Abuse
3159:
2941:
2919:
2869:
2864:
2842:
1752:
1296:
564:
511:
358:
2715:
1314:, the villain kills an unbaptised boy to get this "Flying Ointment".
1110:
913:
766:
592:
362:
3750:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
3673:
3416:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
3234:
3116:
3034:
2874:
2837:
2653:
2534:
If Witches No Longer Fly: Today's Pagans and the Solanaceous Plants
1386:, the two main characters apply a flying ointment to their armpits.
1059:
1023:
879:
742:
454:
450:
366:
174:
140:
2673:
3219:
3149:
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2800:
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2487:
Encyclopedia of witchcraft and demonology, Page 50, octopus, 1974
2377:
2nd edition (revised and enlarged) pub. Macmillan, New York 1979
1735:
1292:
1216:
1211:
1034:
1028:
896:
867:
690:
658:
543:
496:
316:
286:
2459:
Poisonous Plants in Britain and their effects on Animals and Man
1989:. 8th edition. Pub. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia and London 1957.
736:
The second account dates from some 800 years later, coming from
3229:
3184:
3154:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3009:
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2110:
1909:(2nd ed.). Springfield Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. pps. 261-4.
1341:
1251:
737:
706:
702:
503:
2435:
How Do Witches Fly?: A Practical Approach to Nocturnal Flights
1358:
Jennifer, Hecate, Macbeth, William McKinley, and Me, Elizabeth
685:
gives two accounts of the power of the flying ointment in his
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3174:
3164:
3091:
3002:
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2946:
2854:
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2827:
2758:
2028:
1780:
871:
847:
842:, and that the traditional image of a female witch astride a
719:
De synodalibus causis et disciplinis ecclesiasticis libri duo
694:
560:
264:
208:
178:
144:
520:
Die Geheimwissenschaften, eine Kulturgeschichte der Esoterik
197:
The ointment is known by a wide variety of names, including
3189:
3121:
2889:
2847:
2287:, pub. Thomas Yoseloff New York and London 1957, page 413.
1738:
1377:, the main character applies a flying ointment to her body.
1300:
682:
465:. Scopolamine can cause psychotropic effects when absorbed
1895:. Bracken Books. p. 306 – via Internet Archive.
1085:
in 1456. It was also described by the Spanish theologian
850:. The passage from the trial for witchcraft in Ireland of
484:
1409:
song '11 Moustachioed Daughters' - a track on the Album
756:
525:
1271:, a 16th-century demonologist, are given in a footnote:
16:
Hallucinogenic salve used in the practice of witchcraft
2073:"The POISON GARDEN Website blog - 28th November 2015"
1420:'and belladonna, to make your eyes like a...beast's!
1050:) states specifically that, in cases of poisoning by
1861:
582:
2248:
1862:Rätsch, Christian; Müller-Ebeling, Claudia (2006).
866:, while compromised by having been extracted under
2355:pps. 195-200. Pub. 1901 . Bonn : Carl Georgi.
1210:Marquis: The ointment, which is an opiate made of
846:implies the application of flying ointment to the
2544:FLYING OINTMENTS: Their Ingredients and Their Use
1933:Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use
1905:Schultes, Richard Evans; Hofmann, Albert (1979).
1250:, Margarita, after agreeing to act as hostess at
139:. Note on the left an older witch reading from a
3772:
2265:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1931:Schultes, Richard Evans; Albert Hofmann (1979).
1204:Marquis: They all rub themselves with ointment.
410:Witches flying to the Sabbath: Capricho No. 68:
2338:pub. New York : Philosophical Library 1946
1361:, two characters try to make a flying ointment.
862:. The testimony of Dame Kyteler's maidservant,
3273:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
1429:To choose another's form and make it...thine!'
1192:Marquis: Others believe that witches can fly.
49:Please review the contents of the article and
3360:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
2569:
1198:Marquis: Certainly not, you ignorant fellow.
2255:. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
1888:
903:
242:
220:
2310:Storia notturna: Una decifrazione del Sabba
2298:Ecstasies. Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath
1139:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1044:Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries
942:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
621:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
331:
325:
306:
300:
294:
273:
268:
248:
226:
2576:
2562:
2539:King's American Dispensatory on Belladonna
2457:Cooper, Marion R. and Johnson, Anthony W.
693:, a physician. While studying medicine in
2136:
1907:The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens
1520:Hemlock water dropwort or water hemlock,
1159:Learn how and when to remove this message
962:Learn how and when to remove this message
807:Learn how and when to remove this message
749:with some ointment which she took from a
641:Learn how and when to remove this message
361:digged out of their graves, of juices of
2583:
2518:Flying Potions and Getting to the Sabbat
2285:Materials Toward a History of Witchcraft
1188:('What the Marquis of Villena Wanted').
1176:There is, in the work of the playwright
973:
652:
405:
392:
379:
150:
127:
2002:, pub. David and Charles, Canada 1977.
1072:
860:witch trials in the early modern period
3773:
3679:List of people executed for witchcraft
2432:
1834:
1423:To anoint the body and make it shine,
1223:
485:Extreme toxicity of active ingredients
3648:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
2557:
1100:
1010:" that was provided for women during
757:Alleged sexual element in application
687:Tractatus de strigibus sive maleficis
526:Bodily flight versus flight in spirit
1841:. Simon and Schuster. p. 3295.
1299:, cinquefoil, deadly nightshade and
1137:adding citations to reliable sources
1104:
940:adding citations to reliable sources
907:
789:adding citations to reliable sources
760:
619:adding citations to reliable sources
586:
133:Preparation for the Witches' Sabbath
18:
1868:. Simon and Schuster. p. 403.
1597:(wild form of well-known vegetable)
1412:The Doughnut in Granny's Greenhouse
1186:Lo que quería el Marqués de Villena
13:
3745:Left-hand path and right-hand path
3320:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
2321:Quoted in Pickering, David :
2296:Quoted in : Ginzburg, Carlo,
1426:To drink and make thyself divine,
1340:), the witch Morwen uses a flying
1018:. Twilight sleep was a mixture of
516:Geschichte des Neueren Occultismus
14:
3817:
2511:
2437:. Mountain View, CA: AceN Press.
2097:translated by Michael Bullock as
1644:Belladonna or deadly nightshade,
583:Body in coma and riding on beasts
185:from at least as far back as the
2308:. First published in Italian as
1759:
1745:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1637:
1619:
1602:
1584:
1566:
1549:
1531:
1513:
1495:
1477:
1459:
1109:
912:
765:
591:
522:in 1895, was one such casualty.
115:
23:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2451:
2426:
2414:Irish Witchcraft and Demonology
2406:
2397:
2388:
2367:
2358:
2341:
2328:
2315:
2290:
2273:
2242:
2226:
2201:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2153:
2104:
2087:
2065:
2022:
2012:
1992:
1538:Greater water parsnip or sium,
776:needs additional citations for
384:Ingredient: Deadly Nightshade,
3443:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
3304:Summis desiderantes affectibus
1979:
1966:
1946:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1892:The Encyclopedia of the Occult
1882:
1855:
1828:
1556:Lesser water parsnip or sium,
1064:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
349:
51:add the appropriate references
1:
2213:Bristol Radical History Group
1821:
1626:Sweet flag or strewing rush,
1022:, a belladonna alkaloid, and
3448:accusations against children
3344:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
2336:Narcotics and Drug Addiction
2249:John Baptista Porta (1584).
2170:Systema universae theologiae
1000:King's American Dispensatory
579:revelry they had 'enjoyed'.
147:with a candle upon its twigs
7:
2237:Hallucinogens and Shamanism
1922:pub. Park Street Press 2005
1774:
1338:Enchanted Forest Chronicles
1195:Zambapalo: And can't they?
1178:Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla
878:, there was in the city of
397:Ingredient: Black Henbane,
373:, mingled with the meal of
36:reliable medical references
10:
3822:
3368:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
2433:Kulkin, Alexander (1999).
2325:pub. David Pickering 2014.
2323:A Dictionary of Witchcraft
2117:Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim
2043:10.1177/112067210901900130
1835:Rätsch, Christian (2005).
1502:Cowbane or water hemlock,
1452:
1383:Portrait of a Lady on Fire
1207:Zambapalo: And then what?
177:said to have been used by
161:Frans Francken the Younger
3712:
3691:
3656:
3640:
3598:
3547:
3516:
3485:
3476:
3433:
3426:
3400:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
3263:
3140:
2980:
2793:
2726:
2602:
2595:
1974:Hallucinogens and Culture
1710:Opium poppy seed capsules
1091:Super Genesis Commentaria
904:Possible opiate component
137:David Teniers the Younger
42:or relies too heavily on
3730:Christian views on magic
3408:The Discovery of Witches
3280:Directorium Inquisitorum
2168:Bishop Jesper Brocmand,
1722:Deadly nightshade flower
1399:
1364:In the 2015 horror film
1344:on a straw basket and a
1247:The Master and Margarita
1171:
573:Giambattista della Porta
453:, most of which contain
199:witches' flying ointment
3336:De praestigiis daemonum
3288:De maleficis mulieribus
2416:pub. Dorset Press 1992
2075:. Thepoisongarden.co.uk
1935:New York: McGraw-Hill.
1769:in flight (bat's blood)
1686:Jimsonweed seed capsule
1291:2-Baby's fat, juice of
893:arouse feelings of love
192:
3392:Compendium Maleficarum
3384:Magical Investigations
3275:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
2347:Bergamo, Jordanes de,
2279:Ciruelo, Pedro :
1956:pub. Unity Press 1978
1466:Wolfsbane or aconite,
1431:
1407:Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band
1221:
984:
901:
836:
831:
822:
672:
662:
571:scholar and scientist
549:
539:
534:
489:With the exception of
422:
403:
390:
326:
301:
295:
269:
243:
221:
164:
148:
3015:Cloak of invisibility
2771:Solitary practitioner
2684:Witch-cult hypothesis
2412:Seymour, St. John D.
2181:Tylor, Edward B.1924
1998:Tampion, John :
1889:Lewis Spence (1970).
1609:Creeping cinquefoil,
1418:
1190:
977:
889:
832:
823:
818:
664:
656:
540:
535:
529:
409:
396:
383:
154:
131:
3735:Magical organization
3250:Witches of Benevento
2129:10.5152/TJAR.2013.43
1308:In the movie serial
1264:Death from a Top Hat
1133:improve this section
1073:Historical documents
936:improve this section
785:improve this article
615:improve this section
510:Carl Kiesewetter of
477:in regards to their
414:(Pretty teacher) by
3781:European witchcraft
3352:Newes from Scotland
3312:Malleus Maleficarum
2689:Anglo-Saxon England
2529:Ritual of the Raven
2525:in flying ointments
2349:Quaestio de Strigis
2099:The Book of Poisons
1918:Rätsch, Christian,
1816:Will Erich Peuckert
1392:Gretel & Hansel
1389:In the 2020 movie,
1380:In the 2019 movie,
1373:In the 2016 movie,
1336:(Book three of the
1235:Young Goodman Brown
1231:Nathaniel Hawthorne
1224:Literature and film
864:Petronilla de Meath
359:the fat of children
219:. In German it was
183:European witchcraft
181:in the practice of
3704:Witches in fiction
3692:In popular culture
3266:historic treatises
2300:, New York, 1991,
2233:Harner, Michael J.
2095:Das Buch der Gifte
1985:Sollmann, Torald,
1954:The Witch's Garden
1952:Hansen, Harold A.
1767:Common pipistrelle
1698:Opium poppy flower
1612:Potentilla reptans
1333:Calling on Dragons
1101:In popular culture
991:Papaver somniferum
985:
981:Papaver somniferum
827:other hairy places
663:
492:Potentilla reptans
473:are classified as
423:
418:- from the series
404:
391:
327:unguenta somnifera
296:unguentum pharelis
165:
149:
3768:
3767:
3725:Witch (archetype)
3687:
3686:
3636:
3635:
2962:Sympathetic magic
2789:
2788:
2373:Emboden, William
2209:"Witches Gallery"
1811:Johannes Hartlieb
1674:Jimsonweed flower
1650:(virulent poison)
1647:Atropa belladonna
1526:(virulent poison)
1508:(virulent poison)
1490:(virulent poison)
1472:(virulent poison)
1469:Aconitum napellus
1348:, not on herself.
1286:deadly nightshade
1276:1-Water hemlock,
1267:, two recipes by
1169:
1168:
1161:
1083:Johannes Hartlieb
1079:Roland of Cremona
1052:Atropa belladonna
1014:beginning in the
996:Eclectic medicine
972:
971:
964:
817:
816:
809:
723:on certain beasts
679:Bartolommeo Spina
651:
650:
643:
471:tropane alkaloids
387:Atropa belladonna
270:unguentum sabbati
124:
123:
100:
65:"Flying ointment"
3813:
3806:Magic substances
3699:Magic in fiction
3529:Northern Moravia
3483:
3482:
3463:Papua New Guinea
3431:
3430:
3215:Nine sorceresses
2967:Witches' Sabbath
2816:Ceremonial magic
2806:Apotropaic magic
2600:
2599:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2430:
2424:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2294:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2256:
2252:Magiae naturalis
2246:
2240:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2205:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2108:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2031:Eur J Ophthalmol
2026:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2000:Dangerous Plants
1996:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1972:Furst, Peter T.
1970:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1832:
1806:Witches' Sabbath
1763:
1749:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1641:
1623:
1606:
1594:Apium graveolens
1588:
1576:Aethusa cynapium
1573:Fool's parsley,
1570:
1553:
1544:(root poisonous)
1535:
1523:Oenanthe crocata
1517:
1499:
1487:Conium maculatum
1481:
1463:
1353:E. L. Konigsburg
1242:Mikhail Bulgakov
1164:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1113:
1105:
1095:Witches' Sabbath
998:. For instance,
967:
960:
956:
953:
947:
916:
908:
840:mucous membranes
812:
805:
801:
798:
792:
769:
761:
646:
639:
635:
632:
626:
595:
587:
400:Hyoscyamus niger
345:
342:
341:sleeping unguent
339:
336:
333:
329:
323:
320:
314:
311:
308:
304:
302:unguentum populi
298:
292:
289:
281:
278:
275:
272:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
246:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
224:
157:Witches' Sabbath
119:
118:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
27:
26:
19:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3796:Flight folklore
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3708:
3683:
3652:
3632:
3594:
3548:Northern Europe
3543:
3512:
3472:
3422:
3265:
3259:
3142:
3136:
3075:Magical weapons
3025:Flying ointment
2976:
2821:Magical formula
2785:
2722:
2669:Greece and Rome
2591:
2582:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2431:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2295:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2243:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2109:
2105:
2093:Schenk, Gustav
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1755:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1699:
1696:
1687:
1684:
1675:
1672:
1663:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1554:
1545:
1541:Sium latifolium
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1436:symphonic metal
1402:
1284:, bat's blood,
1226:
1180:(1607-1648) of
1174:
1165:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1130:
1114:
1103:
1087:Alfonso Tostado
1075:
1058:as they have a
968:
957:
951:
948:
933:
917:
906:
813:
802:
796:
793:
782:
770:
759:
647:
636:
630:
627:
612:
596:
585:
528:
502:The historian,
487:
352:
343:
340:
337:
334:
321:
315:
312:
309:
290:
282:
279:
276:
267:names included
260:
257:
254:
251:
238:
235:
232:
229:
195:
168:Flying ointment
120:
116:
111:
105:
102:
59:
48:
44:primary sources
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3786:Hallucinations
3783:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3599:Western Europe
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3517:Eastern Europe
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3255:Witch of Endor
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3132:Witch's ladder
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2606:
2604:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2513:
2512:External links
2510:
2507:
2506:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2450:
2443:
2425:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2366:
2357:
2340:
2334:Hesse, Erich,
2327:
2314:
2289:
2272:
2241:
2225:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2152:
2103:
2086:
2064:
2021:
2011:
1991:
1978:
1965:
1962:978-0913300473
1945:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1881:
1874:
1854:
1847:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
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1803:
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1793:
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1756:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1662:Henbane flower
1661:
1654:
1652:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1629:Acorus calamus
1625:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1530:
1528:
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1501:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1417:
1416:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1375:The Love Witch
1371:
1362:
1349:
1328:
1315:
1305:
1304:
1289:
1273:
1272:
1259:Clayton Rawson
1255:
1238:
1225:
1222:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1117:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1074:
1071:
1008:twilight sleep
970:
969:
920:
918:
911:
905:
902:
852:Hiberno-Norman
815:
814:
773:
771:
764:
758:
755:
731:Canon Episcopi
725:together with
715:Regino of Prüm
649:
648:
599:
597:
590:
584:
581:
527:
524:
486:
483:
416:Francisco Goya
351:
348:
203:green ointment
194:
191:
172:hallucinogenic
122:
121:
114:
112:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3818:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Folk religion
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
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3718:
3717:
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3711:
3705:
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3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
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3245:Three Witches
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3205:Morgan le Fay
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3050:Kitchen witch
3048:
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2701:Latin America
2699:
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2626:
2625:Witch smeller
2623:
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2515:
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2502:9781842122426
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2467:0 11 242529 1
2464:
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2444:9780966402704
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2422:0-88029-734-4
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2194:Lewin, Louis
2191:
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2025:
2015:
2009:
2008:0 7153 7375 7
2005:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1941:0-07-056089-7
1938:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1915:
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1894:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1875:9781594776601
1871:
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1848:9781594776625
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1600:
1596:
1595:
1591:Wild celery,
1587:
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1578:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:Berula erecta
1552:
1547:
1543:
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1534:
1529:
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1524:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:Cicuta virosa
1498:
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1187:
1183:
1179:
1163:
1160:
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1142:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1118:This section
1116:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:(d. 1455) in
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1067:physostigmine
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:Edwardian era
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
983:
982:
978:Opium Poppy:
976:
966:
963:
955:
945:
941:
937:
931:
930:
926:
921:This section
919:
915:
910:
909:
900:
898:
894:
888:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Alice Kyteler
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
830:
828:
821:
811:
808:
800:
790:
786:
780:
779:
774:This section
772:
768:
763:
762:
754:
752:
748:
744:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
660:
655:
645:
642:
634:
624:
620:
616:
610:
609:
605:
600:This section
598:
594:
589:
588:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
548:
545:
538:
533:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:transdermally
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:black henbane
436:
432:
428:
421:
420:Los Caprichos
417:
413:
412:Linda maestra
408:
402:
401:
395:
389:
388:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Francis Bacon
347:
328:
318:
303:
297:
288:
285:
271:
266:
245:
223:
218:
216:
211:
210:
204:
200:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
162:
158:
153:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
113:
109:
106:February 2020
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
3720:Witch (word)
3669:Witch's mark
3478:Early Modern
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3376:Daemonologie
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3328:Laienspiegel
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3210:Muma Pădurii
3141:Folklore and
3112:Sator Square
3065:Magic circle
3060:Magic carpet
3024:
3020:Crystal ball
2957:Spiritualism
2781:Witch doctor
2664:Cunning folk
2492:
2483:
2474:
2458:
2453:
2434:
2428:
2413:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2374:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2309:
2297:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2212:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2164:
2155:
2123:(6): 226–8.
2120:
2116:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2067:
2037:(1): 170–2.
2034:
2030:
2024:
2014:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1953:
1948:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1884:
1864:
1857:
1837:
1830:
1786:Cunning folk
1645:
1627:
1610:
1592:
1574:
1557:
1539:
1521:
1503:
1485:
1467:
1443:
1434:The Swedish
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1410:
1390:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1331:
1330:In the book
1322:
1319:Jodi Picoult
1309:
1269:Johann Weyer
1262:
1245:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1155:
1146:
1131:Please help
1119:
1090:
1076:
1069:salicylate.
1055:
1051:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1005:
989:
986:
979:
958:
949:
934:Please help
922:
891:In order to
890:
837:
833:
826:
824:
819:
803:
794:
783:Please help
778:verification
775:
735:
722:
718:
712:
700:
686:
673:
667:
665:
637:
628:
613:Please help
601:
577:bacchanalian
550:
541:
536:
530:
519:
518:in 1892 and
515:
514:, author of
501:
490:
488:
479:psychoactive
431:henbane bell
424:
411:
398:
385:
353:
258:flying salve
215:lycanthropic
213:
206:
202:
198:
196:
187:Early Modern
167:
166:
132:
125:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
40:verification
33:
3427:Persecution
3296:Formicarius
3240:Spearfinger
3180:Elbow witch
3080:Magic sword
3045:Julleuchter
3030:Goofer dust
2972:White magic
2885:Incantation
2811:Black magic
2766:Renaissance
2734:Chaos magic
2706:Middle East
2637:Philippines
1801:Nightshades
1324:Salem Falls
1252:Dr Woland's
1020:scopolamine
854:noblewoman
569:Renaissance
565:entheogenic
553:the Sabbath
508:theosophist
463:scopolamine
459:hyoscyamine
435:jimson weed
371:cinque foil
350:Composition
236:witch salve
34:needs more
3801:Hyoscyamus
3775:Categories
3740:Maleficium
3664:Witch-hunt
3468:Witch camp
3127:Witch ball
3070:Magic ring
3055:Love charm
2910:Necromancy
2905:Moon magic
2900:Mediumship
2895:Love magic
2880:Gray magic
2860:Divination
2659:Benandanti
2589:witchcraft
2523:Belladonna
1822:References
1796:Hedgewitch
1791:Deliriants
1632:(aromatic)
1445:Sitra Ahra
1346:broomstick
1282:cinquefoil
1278:sweet flag
1012:childbirth
882:a band of
844:broomstick
677:churchman
475:deliriants
427:belladonna
375:fine wheat
367:wolfe-bane
222:Hexensalbe
76:newspapers
3641:Classical
3160:Baba Yaga
3143:mythology
2952:Spiritism
2942:Sex magic
2920:Shamanism
2915:Occultism
2870:Evocation
2865:Entheogen
2843:Damnation
2794:Practices
2261:cite book
1753:Human fat
1734:Domestic
1484:Hemlock,
1367:The Witch
1149:July 2017
1120:does not
952:July 2017
923:does not
884:heretical
797:July 2017
675:Dominican
631:July 2017
602:does not
555:on their
512:Meiningen
504:occultist
481:effects.
461:, and/or
451:wolfsbane
449:, and/or
244:Flugsalbe
3674:Pricking
3585:Scotland
3508:Virginia
3498:New York
3493:Maryland
3486:Americas
3235:Sorginak
3225:Pasiphaë
3117:Talisman
3087:Mojo bag
3035:Grimoire
2930:Regional
2875:Familiar
2838:Anathema
2754:Neopagan
2749:Medieval
2654:Akelarre
2469:page 213
2147:27366377
2079:12 March
2051:19123171
1775:See also
1579:(poison)
1288:and oil.
1060:synergic
1024:morphine
897:unguents
880:Kilkenny
743:Blockula
547:reality.
469:. These
455:atropine
443:mandrake
363:smallage
217:ointment
175:ointment
141:grimoire
3791:Poisons
3713:Related
3657:Related
3575:Iceland
3570:Finland
3565:England
3560:Denmark
3524:Hungary
3220:Obayifo
3150:Agamede
3107:Potions
3040:Incense
2981:Objects
2801:Animism
2776:Warlock
2711:Oceania
2694:Britain
2312:, 1989.
2218:19 July
2138:4894214
2059:9387171
1736:chimney
1453:Gallery
1440:Therion
1311:Warlock
1297:aconite
1293:cowbane
1217:Baraona
1212:henbane
1141:removed
1126:sources
1056:avoided
1035:Omnopon
1029:Papaver
944:removed
929:sources
868:torture
691:Bergamo
661:, 1571)
659:woodcut
623:removed
608:sources
544:Brocken
497:suicide
447:hemlock
335:
319:unguent
310:
287:unguent
284:sabbath
277:
252:
230:
179:witches
90:scholar
55:removed
3626:Basque
3611:Geneva
3606:France
3590:Sweden
3580:Norway
3555:Baltic
3539:Russia
3534:Poland
3435:Modern
3419:(1751)
3411:(1647)
3403:(1627)
3395:(1608)
3387:(1599)
3379:(1597)
3371:(1595)
3363:(1593)
3355:(1591)
3347:(1584)
3339:(1563)
3331:(1509)
3323:(1489)
3315:(1487)
3307:(1484)
3299:(1475)
3291:(1440)
3283:(1376)
3230:Sebile
3185:Hecate
3155:Aradia
3102:Poppet
3097:Nkondi
3010:Censer
2993:Athame
2988:Amulet
2947:Sigils
2935:Yellow
2744:Hoodoo
2739:Goetia
2716:Mākutu
2644:Europe
2615:Azande
2610:Africa
2603:Region
2500:
2465:
2441:
2420:
2381:
2304:
2145:
2135:
2057:
2049:
2006:
1960:
1939:
1872:
1845:
1342:potion
1182:Toledo
876:Ossory
738:Norway
717:whose
707:Lugano
703:notary
557:brooms
369:, and
317:poplar
207:magic
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3760:Adept
3621:Spain
3616:Italy
3503:Salem
3458:Nepal
3453:India
3264:Major
3200:Medea
3195:Kalku
3175:Drude
3170:Dayan
3165:Circe
3092:Nkisi
3003:besom
2998:Broom
2925:Black
2855:Demon
2833:Curse
2828:Coven
2759:Wicca
2679:Völva
2674:Seiðr
2649:Italy
2620:Ghana
2596:Types
2585:Magic
2385:p.127
2055:S2CID
1781:Besom
1438:band
1400:Music
1172:Drama
1048:DEFRA
1046:(now
872:demon
848:vulva
727:Diana
695:Pavia
561:Devil
324:) or
265:Latin
241:) or
212:, or
209:salve
170:is a
145:besom
97:JSTOR
83:books
3190:Huld
3122:Wand
2890:Jinn
2848:Jinx
2727:Form
2632:Asia
2587:and
2498:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2267:link
2220:2017
2172:1633
2143:PMID
2081:2019
2047:PMID
2004:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1739:soot
1405:The
1301:soot
1233:'s "
1124:any
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