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But
Constantine, having obtained rule over the whole Roman Empire by remarkable success in wars, ordered his son Crispus to be put to death, at the behest (so people think) of his wife Fausta. Later he locked his wife Fausta in overheated baths and killed her, because his mother Helena blamed him out
348:
Although Hans
Pohlsander dismissed the idea of Fausta’s death being accidental, viewing the condemnation of memory to be certain proof that Constantine intended to kill his wife, David Woods’ response was that, “Accidents continue to happen even to people deep in disgrace.” He suggested that Crispus
332:
He killed
Crispus, who had been deemed worthy of the rank of Caesar, as I have said before, when he incurred suspicion of having sexual relations with his stepmother Fausta, without taking any notice of the laws of nature. Constantine’s mother Helena was distressed at such a grievous event and
265:
Constantine at first tried to present
Maximian’s suicide as an unfortunate tragedy, but later started spreading another version where Fausta was involved in her father’s downfall. Barnes observed that the story “shows clear signs of being invented during Constantine’s war against Maxentius.”
349:
and Fausta were not actually executed, offering the connection of overheated bathing with contemporaneous techniques of abortion, a suggestion that implies an unwanted, adulterous pregnancy from her relationship with
Crispus and a fatal accident during the abortion.
333:
refused to tolerate the murder of the young man. As if to soothe her
Constantine tried to remedy the evil with a greater evil: having ordered baths to be heated above the normal level, he deposited Fausta in them and brought her out when she was dead.
341:' version written in the 12th century, Crispus' death was caused by Fausta's retaliatory accusation of rape following her unsuccessful sexual advances toward him. But when Constantine realized his innocence, he punished her, mirroring the myth of
315:
of
Philostorgius (as epitomized by Photius), Fausta was executed by being locked in a bath which was over heated, in connection with the death of Crispus, which "people " was caused by Fausta's accusation of unclear nature.
298:, his eldest son by Minervina. The circumstances surrounding the two deaths were unclear. Various explanations have been suggested; in one, Fausta is set against Crispus, as in the anonymous
254:. As her age is nowhere outright attested, scholarly estimates have ranged from 289/290 to the end of the 290s. To seal the alliance between them for control of the
345:
and
Hippolytus. Scholars have noted that if Crispus was found to be innocent, his condemnation of memory should have been lifted, but it was not.
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of Fausta and
Crispus around 326 with the result that no contemporary source records details of her fate: "
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Constantine held her in high enough regard to grant her the title of
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In 326, Fausta was put to death by Constantine, following the execution of
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X.9.4)", Constantine's biographer Paul Stephenson observes. Although
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839:
Drijvers, Jan Willem (1992). "Flavia Maxima Fausta: Some Remarks".
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During her marriage, she had 5 children. Fausta held the title of
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Constantine Dynasty, Religion and Power in the Later Roman Empire
381:, ever the sycophant, mentions neither Crispus nor Fausta in his
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401:, there is no other evidence of her memory being rehabilitated.
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210:(died 326 AD) was a Roman empress. She was the daughter of
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Fausta, most probably before her marriage to Constantine,
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906:
Dynastic Politics in the Age of Diocletian, AD 284-311
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328:, on the other hand, suggests adultery as the reason:
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886:Constantine: Unconquered Emperor, Christian Victor
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1074:
733:Julian, "Panegyric in honour of Constantius", 9.
1951:
1060:
419:(1951). In addition, Fausta was portrayed by
1934:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
813:The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
816:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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882:
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638:Questions of Gender in Byzantine Society
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246:Fausta was the daughter of the emperor
16:Roman empress and wife of Constantine I
1952:
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673:
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409:Fausta is an important antagonist in
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925:"On the Death of the Empress Fausta"
321:of excessive grief for her grandson.
2020:People executed by the Roman Empire
397:praised Fausta in his panegyric to
230:reported that she was executed for
220:excluded from all official accounts
13:
741:Panegyric in honour of Constantius
14:
2051:
950:
769:Barnes, T. D. (7 December 1973).
1995:Murdered ancient Roman empresses
959:"Fausta, Flavia Maximiana"
734:
222:for unknown reasons. Historians
762:
727:
630:
617:
614:Epitome de Caesaribus, 42.11–12
608:
1037:Daughter of Julius Constantius
908:. Edinburgh University Press.
542:
439:
23:. For the Catholic saint, see
1:
2040:Mothers of Byzantine emperors
1942:incidates an empress regnant.
822:10.4159/harvard.9780674280670
458:
2035:People executed for adultery
1772:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
862:Pohlsander, Hans A. (1996).
775:The Journal of Roman Studies
771:"Lactantius and Constantine"
289:
7:
2005:4th-century Roman empresses
1980:Daughters of Roman emperors
810:Barnes, Timothy D. (1982).
445:She received the honorific
218:, who had her executed and
10:
2056:
371:Constantine I ordered the
258:, Maximian married her to
18:
1929:
1896:
1807:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
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1446:
1394:
1308:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
1281:
1225:
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975:
883:Stephenson, Paul (2010).
515:, p. 191 with n. 98.
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360:, holding her two sons,
2000:3rd-century Roman women
1725:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1331:Flavia Julia Constantia
1026:Flavia Julia Constantia
904:Waldron, Byron (2022).
865:The Emperor Constantine
416:The Emperor Constantine
305:According to the Latin
2015:4th-century executions
1248:Marcia Otacilia Severa
965:Encyclopedia Americana
387:Ecclesiastical History
368:
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312:Ecclesiastical History
2010:Constantine the Great
1970:Constantinian dynasty
1812:Theodora Palaiologina
1782:Anna Komnene Angelina
1720:Catherine of Bulgaria
1651:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
1120:Agrippina the Younger
923:Woods, David (1998).
550:Fausta (293-326 A.D.)
355:
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307:Epitome de Caesaribus
300:Epitome de Caesaribus
216:Constantine the Great
205:Flavia Maxima Fausta
2030:Nobilissimae feminae
1883:Sophia of Montferrat
1802:Anna of Hohenstaufen
1661:Theophano Martinakia
1569:Theodora of Khazaria
1202:Julia Cornelia Paula
1165:Faustina the Younger
162:Flavia Maxima Fausta
1861:Keratsa of Bulgaria
1844:Helena Kantakouzene
1824:Irene of Montferrat
1787:Philippa of Armenia
1767:Margaret of Hungary
1619:Theophano of Athens
1438:Julius Nepos's wife
1253:Herennia Etruscilla
1076:Roman and Byzantine
889:. London, Quercus.
563:, pp. 500–501.
383:Life of Constantine
19:For the opera, see
1888:Maria of Trebizond
1854:Irene Palaiologina
1834:Irene of Brunswick
1792:Maria of Courtenay
1752:Bertha of Sulzbach
1160:Faustina the Elder
1135:Statilia Messalina
942:10.1093/gr/45.1.70
405:In popular culture
369:
234:with her stepson,
2025:Damnatio memoriae
1947:
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1745:Dobrodeia of Kiev
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1217:Sallustia Orbiana
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1034:Succeeded by
1017:Valeria Maximilla
993:
929:Greece & Rome
896:978-1-4683-0300-1
739:The full text of
623:Barnes, Timothy.
605:, pp. 70–71.
548:Hans Pohlsander,
539:, pp. 41–42.
413:' chronicle-play
411:Dorothy L. Sayers
374:damnatio memoriae
202:
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1740:Irene of Hungary
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1656:Eudokia Ingerina
1529:Byzantine Empire
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1463:Aelia Eudocia
1461:
1459:
1458:Aelia Eudoxia
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
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1424:
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1379:
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1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:Marina Severa
1354:
1352:
1349:
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1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
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1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
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1284:
1280:
1274:
1273:Magnia Urbica
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
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1009:
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985:
979:
976:Royal titles
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926:
921:
917:
915:9781474498654
911:
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888:
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875:0-415-31938-2
871:
868:. Routledge.
867:
866:
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856:
852:
848:
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843:
837:
833:
831:0-674-28066-0
827:
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800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
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776:
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766:
755:, p. 54.
754:
749:
743:at Wikisource
742:
737:
730:
723:
718:
711:
706:
700:, p. 76.
699:
694:
688:, p. 86.
687:
682:
676:, p. 73.
675:
670:
663:
658:
651:
650:Drijvers 1992
646:
639:
633:
626:
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611:
604:
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584:
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576:Drijvers 1992
572:
570:
562:
561:Drijvers 1992
557:
551:
545:
538:
533:
526:
525:Drijvers 1992
521:
514:
509:
502:
501:Drijvers 1992
497:
491:, p. 34.
490:
485:
479:, p. 70.
478:
473:
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450:
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308:
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297:
287:
285:
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280:
275:
273:
267:
263:
261:
260:Constantine I
257:
253:
250:and his wife
249:
239:
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229:
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209:
208:
198:
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185:
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177:Constantinian
175:
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110:
109:Constantine I
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:Roman empress
62:
58:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1874:
1852:
1815:
1743:
1712:
1705:
1643:
1601:
1593:
1430:
1323:
1318:
1243:Tranquillina
1193:
1155:Vibia Sabina
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1005:
997:
963:
935:(1): 70–86.
932:
928:
905:
885:
864:
846:
840:
812:
778:
774:
763:Bibliography
748:
729:
717:
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513:Waldron 2022
508:
496:
484:
446:
441:
424:
423:in the film
414:
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336:
331:
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304:
299:
293:
277:
270:
268:
264:
245:
214:and wife of
206:
204:
203:
40:
29:
25:Saint Fausta
1936:underlining
1508:Constantina
1190:Julia Domna
537:Barnes 1973
489:Barnes 1982
421:Belinda Lee
356:Fausta, as
272:nobilissima
124:Constantina
1965:326 deaths
1960:289 births
1954:Categories
1639:Euphrosyne
1411:Thermantia
1371:Constantia
1085:Principate
698:Woods 1998
686:Woods 1998
674:Woods 1998
603:Woods 1998
477:Woods 1998
459:References
451:in 324 AD.
1691:Theophano
1629:Theodosia
1604:of Athens
1559:Anastasia
1468:Pulcheria
1313:Minervina
1115:Messalina
1078:empresses
1030:(313–324)
1021:(307–312)
1012:(307–311)
990:Minervina
803:163051414
781:: 29–46.
290:Execution
256:Tetrarchy
1921:Augustae
1897:See also
1714:Theodora
1696:Theodora
1686:Theodora
1645:Theodora
1624:Prokopia
1614:Theodote
1549:Gregoria
1532:610–1453
1527:Eastern/
1493:Theodora
1488:Euphemia
1432:Placidia
1341:Faustina
1298:Eutropia
1283:Dominate
842:Historia
429:(1961).
379:Eusebius
309:and the
262:in 307.
252:Eutropia
248:Maximian
232:adultery
212:Maximian
197:Eutropia
187:Maximian
139:Constans
1932:Italics
1589:Eudokia
1579:Tzitzak
1564:Eudokia
1544:Martina
1513:Leontia
1483:Zenonis
1478:Ariadne
1451:395–610
1399:395–480
1366:Domnica
1361:Justina
1351:Charito
1336:Eusebia
1286:284–610
1230:235–285
1170:Lucilla
1003:307–326
968:. 1920.
855:4436264
448:Augusta
343:Phaedra
339:Zonaras
326:Zosimus
296:Crispus
279:augusta
236:Crispus
228:Zonaras
224:Zosimus
207:Augusta
172:Dynasty
74:307–326
42:Augusta
1975:Flavii
1701:Helena
1634:Thekla
1554:Fausta
1498:Sophia
1473:Verina
1346:Helena
1319:Fausta
1293:Prisca
1227:Crisis
912:
893:
872:
853:
828:
801:
795:299163
793:
640:, 108.
627:, 145.
395:Julian
284:Helena
274:femina
242:Family
193:Mother
183:Father
144:Helena
105:Spouse
71:Tenure
57:Louvre
35:Fausta
1602:Irene
1584:Maria
1574:Maria
1406:Maria
1386:Galla
1376:Laeta
1095:Livia
1006:with
851:JSTOR
799:S2CID
791:JSTOR
433:Notes
358:Salus
157:Names
116:Issue
91:Italy
1940:bold
1909:list
1873:(w.
1851:(w.
1814:(w.
1742:(w.
1595:Anna
1192:(w.
988:(or
910:ISBN
891:ISBN
870:ISBN
826:ISBN
364:and
226:and
97:Died
87:Rome
83:Born
1707:Zoë
1315:(?)
1239:(?)
937:doi
818:doi
783:doi
337:In
100:326
1956::
962:.
933:45
931:.
927:.
847:41
845:.
824:.
797:.
789:.
779:63
777:.
773:.
595:^
568:^
467:^
391:HE
286:.
238:.
89:,
1879:)
1857:)
1820:)
1748:)
1198:)
1068:e
1061:t
1054:v
992:)
945:.
939::
918:.
899:.
878:.
857:.
834:.
820::
805:.
785::
389:(
27:.
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