39:
378:
153:
260:
non-anthropomorphic. Another proposal is that mountain gods were depicted as anthropomorphic figures with scaled lower bodies, with an example found in Assur possibly specifically representing Ebiḫ, though the interpretation is not certain. Frans
Wiggermann suggests that descriptions of figures of deities with scales (
252:, was not common in Mesopotamian religion. The character of mountain gods could be contrasted with other members of the pantheon, and they could be described as rebellious, as attested for Ebiḫ, or in some cases as cannibalistic. Mountainous areas were associated with calamity and external enemies, regarded as
485:, and is therefore unlikely to have such a meaning. Interpretations of the composition treating it as a political allegory critical of the Akkadian Empire have also been negatively evaluated by Aage Westenholz. He argues that the myth reflects a positive perception of Inanna, and points out the existence of
518:
and in a hymn preserved on the tablets KAR 306 and KAR 331. Possible depictions of the battle have been identified on cylinder seals as well, though it is possible that they are not directly related, and battles between mountains and Inanna were a well established motif in
Mesopotamian culture of the
434:
tries to dissuade her, arguing that the mountain is both too formidable and too verdant to be opposed. The response angers her, and she leaves to fight before An finishes speaking. While the description of the battle includes phrases used to describe killing a person (Inanna grasps Ebiḫ's neck and
259:
Anna
Perdibon notes that in literary context, Ebiḫ is described as possessing human-like and natural features, and that both types of descriptions seemed to coexist. While known sources do not specify in which form he was worshiped, it has been suggested that he might have been represented as
456:, or criticized it, perhaps due to the military campaigns creating the need for conscription and resulting in heavy losses. This view has been rejected by Jerrold Cooper, who points out examples of works with a political message, such as
530:
god list, where he is the last of the deities mentioned, might have been influenced by the tradition about his defeat at the hands of Inanna. Antoine
Cavigneaux and Manfred Krebernik have also suggested that one of Inanna's epithets,
470:
typically mention specific rulers by name; at the same time, the characterization of Inanna is consistent with other works of
Sumerian literature, which according to him makes it unnecessary to seek a specific political motivation in
489:
depicting the goddess triumphing over a figure interpreted as a mountain god, which according to him might indicate the existence of a belief that as long as she kept the mountain deities at bay, Mesopotamia would remain prosperous.
140:, as a critique of its conquests, or as a narrative focused on typical literary motifs, lacking political undertones. Possible references to Ebiḫ's defeat have been identified in other literary compositions, in god lists, and on
75:. It has been suggested that while such an approach was not the norm in Mesopotamian religion, no difference existed between the deity and the associated location in his case. It is possible that he was depicted either in a non-
447:
Due to Ebiḫ representing a real, rather than mythical, location, authors such as Claus Wilcke and
Annette Zgoll assume that the myth might have had a political dimension, and that it either served as a work of royal
435:
stabs his heart with a dagger), it also contains references to natural features covering the mountain, such as forests, and his body is said to consist of rocks functioning as flesh. The text ends with a brief
38:
377:
319:, and include Ebiḫ-nāṣir and Ebiḫ-nīrāri, with the theonym written logographically as EN.TI in both cases. They can be translated as "Ebiḫ protects" and "Ebiḫ assists", respectively.
514:. According to Claus Wilcke, possible references to the battle, or at least to conflict between Inanna and another mountain or mountains, can also be found in the composition
475:. Paul Delnero points out that An's critical response, used to support the view that the myth was a criticism of Akkadian campaigns, finds a close parallel in the composition
545:(tablet IV, line 23) and its Old Babylonian forerunner, might have been related to the Ebiḫ myth due to its similarity to a presumed variant name of the mountain god, Enti.
176:
1158:
1448:
340:, where he is listed thrice, twice as a deity and once as a mountain. He is also invoked four times in an analogous text from the reign of
1123:"The Many Faces of Enheduanna's Inana: Literary Images of Inana and the Visual Culture from the Akkadian to the Old Babylonian Period"
386:
1332:
1259:
1134:
1103:
1036:
307:. Examples include Ir’e-Abiḫ ("Ebiḫ shepherded"), Ur-Abiḫ ("hero of Ebiḫ"), Puzur-Ebiḫ ("under the protection of Ebiḫ") and
136:. Various interpretations of the narrative have been advanced, with individual authors seeing it as royal propaganda of the
1319:
284:
96:
359:
god list, though his name is not present in all of the known copies. He is also mentioned in a number of copies of the
1361:
430:, presented in her warlike aspects, wants to confront him because he failed to show respect to her, but the sky god
220:, Ebiḫ cannot be distinguished from the topographical feature he was associated with. He is typically identified by
411:. As many as eighty individual copies are presently known. It has been proposed that it belonged to the so-called "
164:
Ebiḫ could be also spelled as Ebeḫ and Abiḫ. A further uncertain variant might be Abiḫe, an element attested in
186:
suggest that it can be read phonetically as Enti. However, it is to be distinguished from one of the names of
1223:"Nature as Conceived by the Mesopotamians and the Current Anthropological Debate over Animism and Personhood"
175:
is sometimes omitted in transcription. A logographic writing is also attested, EN.TI. Antoine
Cavigneaux and
1022:
491:
244:. It has been noted that the worship of specific mountains as deities, while widespread for example among
1222:
363:
from the same period. A later
Assyrian version with additional columns (tablet KAV 63) equates him with
1473:
1096:
A common cultural heritage: studies on
Mesopotamia and the Biblical world in honor of Barry l. Eichler
1127:
From Stone Age to
Stellenbosch: studies on the Ancient Near East in honour of Izak (Sakkie) Cornelius
462:
1453:
1478:
1443:
412:
316:
104:
1381:"Mischwesen A. Philologisch. Mesopotamien · Hybrid creatures A. Philological. In Mesopotamia"
390:
288:
217:
100:
181:
8:
498:
is an example of a myth according to which "there is always the comfort that the gods of
426:
The narrative describes Ebiḫ both as a personified deity and as a topographical feature.
323:
116:
1306:
1203:
1195:
1152:
300:
213:
1367:
1357:
1328:
1310:
1298:
1265:
1255:
1207:
1187:
1140:
1130:
1109:
1099:
1032:
352:
296:
1290:
1230:
1179:
360:
345:
225:
165:
76:
72:
68:
43:
A possible depiction of Ebiḫ flanked by two smaller figures on a relief from Assur.
29:
1483:
1417:
1398:
1380:
1072:
1053:
1026:
520:
453:
292:
206:
168:
137:
80:
481:
415:", a selection of texts which might have formed a section of the curriculum of
221:
1294:
1234:
1144:
1467:
1302:
1269:
1191:
1113:
486:
141:
1371:
1251:
God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia
341:
264:) reflect this iconographic type and designate a mountain-like appearance.
233:
84:
1318:
Westenholz, Aage (1999). "The Old Akkadian Period: History and Culture".
337:
312:
92:
326:
sources. They indicate that he received offerings in various shrines in
1199:
541:
449:
420:
152:
1279:"An Old Babylonian manuscript of the Weidner god-list from Tell Taban"
1167:
332:
121:
611:
609:
532:
526:
Jeremiah Peterson considers it possible that Ebiḫ's placement in the
477:
344:, and only once, as a mountain rather than a personified god, in the
253:
237:
1249:
1183:
1122:
626:
624:
1278:
1091:
436:
249:
245:
1349:
606:
621:
401:
308:
161:
156:
A modern photo of the Hamrin range in Iraq, identified with Ebiḫ.
108:
1352:. In Vogelzang, Marianna E.; Vanstiphout, Herman L. J. (eds.).
527:
502:
will prevail and order will return" after periods of calamity.
427:
356:
200:
129:
400:
in modern literature. It was originally transmitted under the
499:
416:
327:
241:
195:
172:
112:
52:
962:
783:
560:
558:
364:
304:
229:
216:
has argued that unlike most other deities belonging to the
187:
88:
986:
974:
938:
773:
771:
769:
998:
904:
902:
900:
824:
822:
754:
701:
674:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
594:
431:
950:
873:
691:
689:
555:
914:
885:
839:
837:
766:
742:
720:
718:
716:
664:
662:
660:
125:
rituals both as a mountain and as a personified deity.
926:
897:
861:
849:
819:
795:
636:
570:
79:
or only partially anthropomorphic form. He appears in
1178:(1). British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 82–86.
807:
686:
582:
1070:
834:
730:
713:
657:
615:
1354:
Mesopotamian poetic language: Sumerian and Akkadian
1051:
630:
1327:. Mesopotamien: Annäherungen. Universitätsverlag.
1071:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998a),
355:, Ebiḫ is attested as the very last entry in the
1465:
1052:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
510:Ebiḫ's defeat is directly mentioned in the hymn
463:Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur
204:sign, used to designate deities, or by the word
315:). Last known names invoking him come from the
128:The defeat of Ebiḫ at the hands of the goddess
535:("lady of warriorship"; derived from the word
16:Mesopotamian god representing Hamrin Mountains
1449:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
1399:"Inanna/Ištar A. Mesopotamien. Philologisch"
1120:
1092:""Inana and Ebiḫ" and the scribal tradition"
992:
980:
600:
439:, which praises Inanna for destroying Ebiḫ.
419:. Its authorship is sometimes attributed to
1289:. Cambridge University Press (CUP): 33–42.
1378:
1347:
1317:
1157:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
968:
956:
879:
760:
707:
564:
240:, in the proximity of the ancient city of
37:
194:, presumably meant to mirror the goddess
1418:"Name, Namengebung D. Bei den Hurritern"
1247:
1220:
1004:
920:
891:
801:
789:
777:
748:
651:
576:
376:
322:The worship of Ebiḫ is also attested in
151:
1415:
1276:
1165:
1089:
944:
932:
908:
867:
855:
828:
813:
695:
680:
668:
588:
466:, are known to researchers, and unlike
198:. Ebiḫ's name could be preceded by the
1466:
1396:
843:
452:celebrating northern conquests of the
396:Ebiḫ appears in a myth referred to as
1021:
736:
724:
147:
1121:Dijk-Coombes, Renate M. van (2021).
111:. He was also actively venerated in
299:and belonged to inhabitants of the
295:, most of which are linguistically
119:, and appears in a number of royal
13:
370:
267:Attested epithets of Ebiḫ include
14:
1495:
1436:
442:
1379:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1997),
1356:. Groningen: Styx Publications.
1348:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1996).
616:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998a
1028:The Literature of Ancient Sumer
1014:
631:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
311:("Ebiḫ is my god"; known from
1:
1350:"Scenes From the Shadow Side"
548:
291:periods, Ebiḫ is attested in
1422:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1403:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1385:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1166:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983).
1098:. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press.
1077:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1058:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
505:
283:In sources from between the
7:
1321:Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit
1248:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009).
1031:. Oxford University Press.
539:), known from the god list
385:from the collection of the
10:
1500:
1254:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
278:
71:presumed to represent the
1295:10.1017/s0021088900000723
1277:Shibata, Daisuke (2009).
1235:10.11588/DWJ.2020.4.70453
1094:. In Frame, Grant (ed.).
336:ritual from the reign of
275:("bolt of the country").
132:is described in the myth
48:
36:
26:
21:
1416:Wilhelm, Gernot (1998),
271:("strong mountain") and
1221:Perdibon, Anna (2020).
1397:Wilcke, Claus (1980),
1227:Distant Worlds Journal
1090:Delnero, Paul (2011).
393:
317:Middle Assyrian period
157:
103:periods, and in later
391:University of Chicago
380:
218:Mesopotamian pantheon
155:
330:. He appears in the
947:, pp. 137–139.
792:, pp. 131–132.
683:, pp. 136–137.
117:Neo-Assyrian period
394:
387:Oriental Institute
214:Wilfred G. Lambert
190:, also written as
158:
148:Name and character
1474:Mesopotamian gods
1334:978-3-525-53325-3
1261:978-3-86835-019-7
1136:978-3-96327-150-2
1105:978-1-934309-37-7
1038:978-0-19-929633-0
1007:, pp. 76–77.
993:Dijk-Coombes 2021
981:Dijk-Coombes 2021
971:, pp. 48–49.
601:Dijk-Coombes 2021
353:lower Mesopotamia
177:Manfred Krebernik
95:from between the
58:
57:
49:Major cult center
1491:
1454:A hymn to Inanna
1431:
1430:
1429:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1375:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1326:
1314:
1273:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1162:
1156:
1148:
1117:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1023:Black, Jeremy A.
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
832:
826:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
711:
705:
699:
693:
684:
678:
672:
666:
655:
649:
634:
628:
619:
613:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
361:Weidner god list
346:Ashur-etil-ilani
293:theophoric names
226:Hamrin Mountains
185:
169:theophoric names
81:theophoric names
73:Hamrin Mountains
69:Mesopotamian god
41:
30:Hamrin Mountains
19:
18:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1464:
1463:
1444:Inanna and Ebiḫ
1439:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1408:
1406:
1389:
1387:
1364:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1262:
1239:
1237:
1212:
1210:
1184:10.2307/4200181
1168:"The God Aššur"
1150:
1149:
1137:
1106:
1082:
1080:
1063:
1061:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1003:
999:
991:
987:
979:
975:
969:Westenholz 1999
967:
963:
957:Westenholz 1999
955:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
898:
890:
886:
880:Westenholz 1999
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
835:
827:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
784:
776:
767:
761:Wiggermann 1997
759:
755:
747:
743:
735:
731:
723:
714:
708:Wiggermann 1996
706:
702:
694:
687:
679:
675:
667:
658:
650:
637:
629:
622:
614:
607:
599:
595:
587:
583:
575:
571:
565:Wiggermann 1997
563:
556:
551:
521:Akkadian period
508:
496:Inanna and Ebiḫ
473:Inanna and Ebiḫ
468:Inanna and Ebiḫ
454:Akkadian Empire
445:
417:scribal schools
408:
398:Inanna and Ebiḫ
383:Inanna and Ebiḫ
375:
372:Inanna and Ebiḫ
281:
179:
150:
138:Akkadian empire
134:Inanna and Ebiḫ
105:Middle Assyrian
77:anthropomorphic
44:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1462:
1461:
1460:) in the ETCSL
1451:
1438:
1437:External links
1435:
1433:
1432:
1413:
1394:
1376:
1362:
1345:
1333:
1315:
1274:
1260:
1245:
1229:(4): 124–136.
1218:
1163:
1135:
1118:
1104:
1087:
1068:
1049:
1037:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
935:, p. 137.
925:
923:, p. 129.
913:
911:, p. 136.
896:
894:, p. 128.
884:
872:
870:, p. 140.
860:
858:, p. 124.
848:
833:
831:, p. 134.
818:
806:
794:
782:
780:, p. 131.
765:
763:, p. 242.
753:
751:, p. 130.
741:
739:, p. 334.
729:
727:, p. 211.
712:
710:, p. 211.
700:
685:
673:
656:
654:, p. 132.
635:
633:, p. 386.
620:
618:, p. 505.
605:
593:
591:, p. 125.
581:
579:, p. 127.
569:
567:, p. 236.
553:
552:
550:
547:
507:
504:
487:cylinder seals
482:Bull of Heaven
458:Curse of Agade
444:
443:Interpretation
441:
406:
374:
369:
289:Old Babylonian
285:Early Dynastic
280:
277:
222:Assyriologists
210:, "mountain".
149:
146:
142:cylinder seals
101:Old Babylonian
97:Early Dynastic
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Mountain gods
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1363:90-72371-84-4
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1006:
1005:Peterson 2009
1001:
995:, p. 34.
994:
989:
983:, p. 33.
982:
977:
970:
965:
959:, p. 77.
958:
953:
946:
941:
934:
929:
922:
921:Perdibon 2020
917:
910:
905:
903:
901:
893:
892:Perdibon 2020
888:
882:, p. 76.
881:
876:
869:
864:
857:
852:
846:, p. 83.
845:
840:
838:
830:
825:
823:
816:, p. 38.
815:
810:
804:, p. 77.
803:
802:Peterson 2009
798:
791:
790:Perdibon 2020
786:
779:
778:Perdibon 2020
774:
772:
770:
762:
757:
750:
749:Perdibon 2020
745:
738:
733:
726:
721:
719:
717:
709:
704:
698:, p. 85.
697:
692:
690:
682:
677:
671:, p. 84.
670:
665:
663:
661:
653:
652:Perdibon 2020
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
632:
627:
625:
617:
612:
610:
603:, p. 30.
602:
597:
590:
585:
578:
577:Perdibon 2020
573:
566:
561:
559:
554:
546:
544:
543:
538:
534:
529:
524:
522:
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
488:
484:
483:
479:
474:
469:
465:
464:
459:
455:
451:
440:
438:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
403:
399:
392:
388:
384:
379:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
265:
263:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:, located in
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
209:
208:
203:
202:
197:
193:
189:
183:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
154:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
54:
51:
47:
40:
35:
31:
25:
20:
1457:
1442:
1426:, retrieved
1421:
1407:, retrieved
1402:
1388:, retrieved
1384:
1353:
1338:. Retrieved
1320:
1286:
1282:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1226:
1211:. Retrieved
1175:
1171:
1126:
1095:
1081:, retrieved
1076:
1062:, retrieved
1057:
1054:"Nin-intina"
1042:. Retrieved
1027:
1015:Bibliography
1000:
988:
976:
964:
952:
945:Delnero 2011
940:
933:Delnero 2011
928:
916:
909:Delnero 2011
887:
875:
868:Delnero 2011
863:
856:Delnero 2011
851:
829:Delnero 2011
814:Shibata 2009
809:
797:
785:
756:
744:
732:
703:
696:Lambert 1983
681:Delnero 2011
676:
669:Lambert 1983
596:
589:Wilhelm 1998
584:
572:
540:
536:
525:
515:
511:
509:
495:
492:Jeremy Black
476:
472:
467:
461:
457:
446:
425:
404:
397:
395:
382:
371:
350:
342:Ashurbanipal
331:
324:Neo-Assyrian
321:
282:
272:
268:
266:
261:
258:
212:
205:
199:
191:
159:
133:
127:
120:
64:
60:
59:
1424:(in German)
1405:(in German)
1129:. Münster.
1079:(in German)
1060:(in German)
844:Wilcke 1980
516:Ninmesharra
494:notes that
338:Sennacherib
180: [
1468:Categories
1428:2023-01-04
1409:2022-10-26
1390:2022-10-27
1340:2022-10-26
1240:2022-10-26
1213:2022-10-26
1145:1294273921
1083:2022-10-26
1064:2022-10-26
1044:2022-10-26
737:Black 2006
725:Black 2006
549:References
450:propaganda
421:Enheduanna
381:A copy of
273:sikur māti
269:šadû dannu
254:barbarians
107:ones from
1311:192701412
1303:0021-0889
1270:460044951
1208:163337976
1192:0021-0889
1153:cite book
1114:747947296
542:An = Anum
533:Ninintina
506:Influence
478:Gilgamesh
409:-me-ḫuš-a
348:version.
303:area and
238:Lower Zab
224:with the
83:from the
1458:Inanna C
1372:35055948
1073:"Nin-ti"
1025:(2006).
512:Inanna C
480:and the
437:doxology
250:Hittites
246:Hurrians
232:between
67:) was a
28:Deified
1447:in the
1200:4200181
402:incipit
389:of the
333:Tākultu
309:Abiḫ-il
297:Semitic
279:Worship
262:quliptu
166:Hurrian
162:theonym
122:Tākultu
115:in the
109:Assyria
1484:Inanna
1370:
1360:
1331:
1309:
1301:
1268:
1258:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1143:
1133:
1112:
1102:
1035:
528:Nippur
428:Inanna
405:In-nin
357:Nippur
301:Diyala
234:Diyala
201:dingir
171:. The
130:Inanna
87:area,
85:Diyala
1325:(PDF)
1307:S2CID
1204:S2CID
1196:JSTOR
500:Sumer
413:Decad
328:Assur
242:Assur
196:Ninti
192:En-ti
184:]
173:breve
113:Assur
53:Assur
1368:OCLC
1358:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1299:ISSN
1283:Iraq
1266:OCLC
1256:ISBN
1188:ISSN
1172:Iraq
1159:link
1141:OCLC
1131:ISBN
1110:OCLC
1100:ISBN
1033:ISBN
537:enti
460:and
365:Adad
313:Mari
305:Nuzi
287:and
248:and
236:and
230:Iraq
188:Enki
160:The
99:and
93:Mari
91:and
89:Nuzi
65:Ebih
61:Ebiḫ
22:Ebiḫ
1291:doi
1231:doi
1180:doi
351:In
207:kur
1470::
1420:,
1401:,
1383:,
1366:.
1305:.
1297:.
1287:71
1285:.
1281:.
1264:.
1225:.
1202:.
1194:.
1186:.
1176:45
1174:.
1170:.
1155:}}
1151:{{
1139:.
1125:.
1108:.
1075:,
1056:,
899:^
836:^
821:^
768:^
715:^
688:^
659:^
638:^
623:^
608:^
557:^
523:.
432:An
423:.
367:.
256:.
182:de
144:.
1456:(
1374:.
1343:.
1313:.
1293::
1272:.
1243:.
1233::
1216:.
1182::
1161:)
1147:.
1116:.
1047:.
407:9
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.