1626:
36:
1637:
269:
and floppy disk drives require software to manage rapid access to block storage of sequential and other data. For most microcomputers, a disk drive of any kind was an optional peripheral. Systems could be used with a tape drive or booted without a storage device at all. The disk operating system
399:. In 1988, version 2 has facilities such as subdirectories, memory management, and environment strings. The MSX-DOS kernel resides in ROM (built-in on the disk controller) so basic file access capacity is available even without the command interpreter, by using
168:
on the storage disk, and a means for loading and running programs stored on that disk. Strictly speaking, this definition does not include any other functionality, so it does not apply to more complex OSes, such as
365:. The Atari OS only offers low-level disk-access, so an extra layer called DOS can be booted from a floppy for higher level functions such as filesystems. Third-party replacements for Atari DOS include
263:
In the early 1960s, as disk drives became larger and more affordable, various mainframe and minicomputer vendors introduced disk operating systems and modified existing operating systems to use disks.
284:
Most home and personal computers of the late 1970s and 1980s used a disk operating system, most often with "DOS" in the name and simply referred to as "DOS" within their respective communities:
882:
1727:
1098:
1066:
1501:
960:
469:
originally runs from a drum, but starting with the B5500 it runs from a disk. It is the basis for the MCP on the B6500, B7500, and successors.
768:
1674:
1641:
843:
100:
962:
Control
Program-67 /Cambridge Monitor System - (CP-67 /CMS) Version .3.1 - Program Number 3600-05.2.005 - System Description Manual
72:
19:
This article is about disk operating systems in the broadest sense. For the disk operating system used by IBM PC compatibles, see
921:
53:
2003:
1974:
79:
593:
1091:
281:(BPS/360) and TOS/360 for small systems, they were out of the mainstream and most customers used either DOS/360 or OS/360.
1138:
619:
is a disk operating system, as the main or alternate operating system for numerous microcomputers of the 1970s and 1980s.
86:
1133:
748:
119:
719:
1778:
1722:
355:. Unlike most other DOS systems, it is integrated into the disk drives, not loaded into the computer's own memory.
68:
2189:
1697:
1667:
1630:
1251:
1084:
1890:
1788:
413:, as a kit with a disk controller chip, a ROM chip, and a few logic chips, to be installed inside the computer.
57:
2168:
1717:
1702:
604:
278:
807:
1763:
1748:
1707:
1461:
754:
1929:
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416:
1062:
1944:
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845:
IBM System/360 Basic
Programming Support and IBM Basic Operating System/360 Programming Systems Summary
1979:
1798:
1758:
1753:
1712:
1166:
1011:
684:
until 1993. Various compatible systems were later produced by different organizations, starting with
473:
315:
A disk operating system is usually loaded from a disk, but there are exceptions, such as
Commodore's
1048:
997:
946:
907:
868:
793:
2022:
1909:
1773:
485:
93:
1768:
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466:
348:
46:
277:
mainframes, the concept of a disk operating system was well established. Although IBM did offer
244:), or no permanent storage at all. Without permanent storage, program and data entry is done at
2156:
2095:
1984:
1964:
1913:
1871:
1276:
535:
497:
24:
824:
1939:
1905:
1807:
539:
458:
362:
2136:
2110:
1143:
241:
8:
2105:
2057:
1934:
1436:
600:
237:
2042:
1949:
1416:
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1256:
1148:
1036:
985:
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856:
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406:
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Some disk operating systems are the operating systems for the entire computer system.
2151:
2100:
2032:
1989:
1830:
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332:
249:
209:
170:
2131:
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is also a disk operating system, despite not having the "DOS" acronym in the name.
257:
141:
395:
computer standard. The initial version, released in 1984, is MS-DOS 1.0 ported to
173:, and is more appropriately used only for older generations of operating systems.
2075:
2037:
2008:
1306:
720:"CP/M Plus: The new disk operating system is faster and more efficient than CP/M"
489:
153:
2161:
2085:
2047:
1919:
1261:
1076:
770:
A Narrative
Description of the Burroughs B5500 Disk File Master Control Program
574:
543:
316:
185:
270:
component of the operating system was only needed when a disk drive was used.
2183:
2070:
2027:
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145:
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441:
426:
370:
245:
161:
149:
1321:
1311:
1208:
1198:
1178:
681:
481:
274:
884:
IBM System/360 Disk and Tape
Operating Systems Concepts and Facilities
589:
operating system for the 1108, which has evolved into OS 2200 for the
2017:
1924:
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Early computers predate disk drives, floppy disks, or modern
1013:
IBM System/360 Time
Sharing System - Concepts and Facilities
335:
firmware (a few select versions are also loaded from disk).
1601:
1526:
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and TSS/360 evolved into TSS/370 PRPQ, which is now gone.
433:
392:
20:
550:
also has
Control Program-67 /Cambridge Monitor System (
508:
1063:"Definitive List of TRS-80 Model II Operating Systems"
260:. When power is turned off, any information is lost.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
890:(Ninth ed.). IBM. October 1970. GC24-5030-8.
826:GE-635 Comprehensive Operating Supervisor (GECOS)
192:are usually loaded from the disks as part of the
2181:
1106:
923:IBM Operating System/360 Concepts and Facilities
542:(OS/360) are standard for all but the smallest
496:are all disk operating systems. KRONOS became
1668:
1092:
409:(DFS) is an optional component for the Acorn
232:were used instead. Early microcomputers and
558:). BOS is gone, CP-67/CMS has evolved into
331:also mostly resides in ROM, as a part of a
248:switches directly into memory or through a
23:. For IBM mainframe operating systems, see
1675:
1661:
1636:
1099:
1085:
711:
832:. General Electricn. July 1964. CPB-1002.
736:
629:, from 1979 with the introduction of the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
730:
672:, and then was adapted as the basis for
625:is the primary operating system for the
726:. Vol. 8, no. 7. p. 360.
252:or keyboard, sometimes controlled by a
2182:
1055:
717:
1682:
1656:
1080:
633:, until 1983 when it was replaced by
419:(ADFS) is a successor to Acorn's DFS.
164:for organizing, reading, and writing
160:. A disk operating system provides a
953:
817:
530:The IBM Basic Operating System/360 (
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1004:
776:. Burroughs. October 1966. 1023579.
13:
875:
836:
800:
761:
743:. Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books.
14:
2201:
914:
1779:Object-oriented operating system
1635:
1625:
1624:
1069:from the original on 2017-10-02.
757:from the original on 2017-10-02.
643:is the operating system for the
554:) and Time Sharing System/360 (
338:
208:. Early storage devices such as
34:
292:for the Atari 8-bit computers,
45:needs additional citations for
1789:Supercomputer operating system
808:"CDC Operating System History"
327:which contain the DOS in ROM.
273:By the time IBM announced the
144:that resides on and can use a
1:
972:. September 1971. GH20-0802-2
704:
680:. It was rebranded by IBM as
647:line of computers from Tandy.
288:for Commodore 8-bit systems,
1764:Just enough operating system
1749:Distributed operating system
1023:. September 1968. C28-2003-3
448:
7:
1877:User space and kernel space
1167:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
718:Dahmke, Mark (1983-07-01).
692:
417:Advanced Disc Filing System
176:Disk operating systems for
10:
2206:
1784:Real-time operating system
1577:Technical Support SuperDOS
432:GDOS and G+DOS is for the
199:
18:
2119:
2056:
2002:
1980:Multilevel feedback queue
1975:Fixed-priority preemptive
1963:
1898:
1889:
1859:
1806:
1797:
1759:Hobbyist operating system
1754:Embedded operating system
1736:
1690:
1620:
1354:
1227:
1124:
1115:
577:operating system for the
536:Disk Operating System/360
507:operating system for the
486:Control Data Corporation
484:operating systems on the
474:Chippewa Operating System
279:Basic Programming Support
2023:General protection fault
1774:Network operating system
1728:User features comparison
929:. IBM. 1965. C28-6535-0.
737:Wilkinson, Bill (1982).
500:and SCOPE became NOS/BE.
440:disk interfaces for the
308:for IBM PC compatibles.
16:Type of operating system
1769:Mobile operating system
594:ClearPath Dorado Series
562:, DOS has evolved into
527:(it later became GCOS).
69:"Disk operating system"
2190:Disk operating systems
1872:Loadable kernel module
1277:Datapac System Manager
1108:Disk operating systems
566:, OS has evolved into
463:Master Control Program
351:computers such as the
304:for the Apple II, and
25:DOS/360 and successors
1940:Process control block
1906:Computer multitasking
1744:Disk operating system
603:operating system for
363:Atari 8-bit computers
134:disk operating system
2111:Virtual tape library
1703:Forensic engineering
540:Operating System/360
242:Kansas City standard
54:improve this article
2120:Supporting concepts
2106:Virtual file system
1437:DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11
1116:MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,
1019:(Fourth ed.).
546:installations; the
525:mainframe computers
238:audio cassette tape
2043:Segmentation fault
1891:Process management
1417:Concurrent DOS V60
1412:Concurrent DOS 68K
1257:Concurrent CP/M-86
1118:compatible systems
968:(Third ed.).
407:Disc Filing System
403:extended commands.
148:device, such as a
2177:
2176:
2033:Memory protection
2004:Memory management
1998:
1997:
1990:Shortest job next
1885:
1884:
1684:Operating systems
1650:
1649:
1157:
1156:
657:compatibles with
631:floppy disk drive
250:computer terminal
236:used paper tape,
171:Microsoft Windows
130:
129:
122:
104:
2197:
2132:Computer network
1896:
1895:
1804:
1803:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1122:
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1101:
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1078:
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1018:
1008:
1002:
1001:
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951:
950:
944:
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918:
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911:
905:
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899:
891:
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815:
814:
812:
804:
798:
797:
791:
787:
785:
777:
775:
765:
759:
758:
740:Inside Atari DOS
734:
728:
727:
715:
296:for the TRS-80,
142:operating system
140:) is a computer
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:
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2180:
2179:
2178:
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2115:
2076:Defragmentation
2061:
2052:
2038:Protection ring
2007:
1994:
1966:
1959:
1881:
1855:
1793:
1732:
1686:
1681:
1651:
1646:
1616:
1355:Other platforms
1350:
1307:NetWare PalmDOS
1223:
1153:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1075:
1074:
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1060:
1056:
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1043:
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1033:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1010:
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1005:
993:
992:
983:
982:
975:
973:
965:
959:
958:
954:
942:
941:
932:
931:
926:
920:
919:
915:
903:
902:
893:
892:
887:
881:
880:
876:
864:
863:
854:
853:
848:
842:
841:
837:
829:
823:
822:
818:
810:
806:
805:
801:
789:
788:
779:
778:
773:
767:
766:
762:
751:
735:
731:
716:
712:
707:
695:
668:was modeled on
451:
361:is used by the
341:
256:interpreter in
202:
186:microprocessors
154:hard disk drive
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2162:User interface
2159:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:File attribute
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:Virtual memory
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:Context switch
1917:
1902:
1900:
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1879:
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1615:
1614:
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1314:
1309:
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1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:Concurrent DOS
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1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1054:
1003:
952:
913:
874:
835:
816:
799:
760:
749:
729:
709:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
694:
691:
690:
689:
648:
638:
620:
614:
597:
571:
538:(DOS/360) and
528:
501:
470:
465:(MCP) for the
450:
447:
446:
445:
430:
420:
414:
404:
386:
356:
340:
337:
234:home computers
230:magnetic drums
201:
198:
190:home computers
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2202:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Memory paging
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
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1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Device driver
1865:
1864:
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1839:
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1834:
1832:
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1809:
1808:Architectures
1805:
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1780:
1777:
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1689:
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1595:
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1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Sinclair QDOS
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
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1513:
1510:
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1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
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1407:Commodore DOS
1405:
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1323:
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1305:
1303:
1302:Multiuser DOS
1300:
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1007:
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750:0-942386-02-7
746:
742:
741:
733:
725:
724:BYTE Magazine
721:
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621:
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611:minicomputers
609:
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541:
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514:
510:
506:
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491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
464:
461:(now Unisys)
460:
456:
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431:
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412:
408:
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398:
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387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
354:
350:
346:
345:Commodore DOS
343:
342:
339:OS extensions
336:
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307:
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264:
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255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:magnetic tape
223:
219:
218:punched cards
215:
214:core memories
211:
207:
206:flash storage
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:minicomputers
179:
174:
172:
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124:
121:
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102:
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92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2063:file systems
1955:Time-sharing
1743:
1427:Cromemco DOS
1382:Apple ProDOS
1107:
1057:
1025:. Retrieved
1012:
1006:
974:. Retrieved
961:
955:
922:
916:
883:
877:
844:
838:
825:
819:
802:
769:
763:
739:
732:
723:
713:
472:The SIPROS,
452:
353:Commodore 64
347:is on 8-bit
321:Commodore 64
314:
283:
272:
265:
262:
222:punched tape
203:
194:boot process
175:
158:optical disc
146:disk storage
137:
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2081:Device file
2071:Boot loader
1985:Round-robin
1910:Cooperative
1846:Rump kernel
1836:Multikernel
1826:Microkernel
1723:Usage share
1572:SpartaDOS X
1045:|work=
994:|work=
943:|work=
904:|work=
865:|work=
790:|work=
579:UNIVAC 1107
517:Groupe Bull
490:6000 series
480:, MACE and
442:ZX Spectrum
427:Amstrad CPC
425:is for the
391:is for the
317:disk drives
246:front panel
210:delay lines
162:file system
150:floppy disk
110:August 2009
2011:protection
1967:algorithms
1965:Scheduling
1914:Preemptive
1860:Components
1831:Monolithic
1698:Comparison
1322:PC-MOS/386
1312:Novell DOS
1209:SISNE plus
1199:Novell DOS
1179:IBM PC DOS
1139:Comparison
1027:January 9,
976:January 9,
705:References
585:, and the
544:System/360
523:family of
429:computers.
275:System/360
267:Hard disks
178:mainframes
80:newspapers
2101:Partition
2018:Bus error
1945:Real-time
1925:Interrupt
1851:Unikernel
1816:Exokernel
1567:SpartaDOS
1522:NewDos/80
1397:Atari TOS
1392:Atari DOS
1387:Apple SOS
1377:Apple DOS
1047:ignored (
1037:cite book
996:ignored (
986:cite book
945:ignored (
935:cite book
906:ignored (
896:cite book
867:ignored (
857:cite book
792:ignored (
782:cite book
674:Microsoft
623:Apple DOS
552:CP-67/CMS
513:Honeywell
459:Burroughs
449:Main OSes
411:BBC Micro
371:SpartaDOS
359:Atari DOS
349:Commodore
333:Kickstart
298:Apple DOS
290:Atari DOS
240:(such as
2184:Category
2147:Live USB
2009:resource
1899:Concepts
1737:Variants
1718:Timeline
1631:Category
1597:TurboDOS
1562:SmartDOS
1502:MicroDOS
1362:AmigaDOS
1347:TurboDOS
1342:Towns OS
1287:K8918-OS
1282:DOS Plus
1172:MS-DOS 7
1144:Commands
1134:Timeline
1067:Archived
755:Archived
693:See also
688:in 1988.
627:Apple II
438:DISCiPLE
379:TurboDOS
329:AmigaDOS
319:for the
2142:Live CD
2096:Journal
2060:access,
2058:Storage
1935:Process
1841:vkernel
1708:History
1691:General
1612:Z80-RIO
1582:Top-DOS
1537:RealDOS
1512:MSX-DOS
1447:DOS/360
1442:DIP DOS
1432:CSI-DOS
1337:SCP1700
1327:REAL/32
1317:OpenDOS
1297:MP/M-86
1267:CP/M-86
1242:4690 OS
1237:4680 OS
1219:FreeDOS
1214:PTS-DOS
1204:ROM-DOS
699:Live CD
575:EXEC II
556:TSS/360
532:BOS/360
511:(later
476:(COS),
389:MSX-DOS
383:Top-DOS
294:TRS-DOS
286:CBM DOS
200:History
94:scholar
1950:Thread
1821:Hybrid
1799:Kernel
1640:
1629:
1592:TRSDOS
1587:TR-DOS
1487:iS-DOS
1477:IDEDOS
1472:GEMDOS
1452:DOS XL
1402:BW-DOS
1367:AMSDOS
1292:FlexOS
1247:86-DOS
1228:Other
1189:DR-DOS
1162:MS-DOS
851:. IBM.
813:. CDC.
747:
686:DR-DOS
682:PC DOS
678:MS-DOS
666:86-DOS
664:CPUs.
655:IBM PC
651:MS-DOS
645:TRS-80
641:TRSDOS
635:ProDOS
608:PDP-11
601:DOS-11
591:Unisys
587:EXEC 8
548:360/67
488:(CDC)
482:KRONOS
423:AMSDOS
381:, and
367:DOS XL
325:VIC-20
306:MS-DOS
302:ProDOS
228:, and
188:, and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2152:Shell
2091:Inode
1607:Z-DOS
1542:SB-80
1532:PTDOS
1517:MyDOS
1482:IMDOS
1372:ANDOS
1332:SB-86
1194:H-DOS
1184:DOS/V
1149:Games
1110:(DOS)
1017:(PDF)
966:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
888:(PDF)
849:(PDF)
830:(PDF)
811:(PDF)
774:(PDF)
659:Intel
564:z/VSE
505:GECOS
478:SCOPE
467:B5000
401:BASIC
375:MyDOS
254:BASIC
166:files
156:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
1713:List
1642:List
1602:UDOS
1557:RDOS
1527:OS/M
1507:MP/M
1497:MDOS
1492:ISIS
1467:FLEX
1457:Edos
1422:CP/M
1272:CP/K
1252:ADOS
1049:help
1029:2023
998:help
978:2023
947:help
908:help
869:help
794:help
745:ISBN
670:CP/M
653:for
617:CP/M
599:The
583:1108
581:and
573:The
568:z/OS
560:z/VM
515:and
503:The
494:7600
492:and
457:The
436:and
323:and
310:CP/M
300:and
73:news
2169:PXE
2157:CLI
2137:HAL
2127:API
1930:IPC
1547:SCP
1462:EOS
1230:x86
1129:API
1021:IBM
970:IBM
676:'s
662:x86
605:DEC
534:),
521:600
498:NOS
397:Z80
393:MSX
258:ROM
138:DOS
56:by
21:DOS
2186::
1912:,
1065:.
1041::
1039:}}
1035:{{
990::
988:}}
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937:}}
933:{{
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894:{{
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784:}}
780:{{
753:.
722:.
519:)
509:GE
434:+D
377:,
373:,
369:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
196:.
184:,
180:,
152:,
132:A
2006:,
1916:)
1908:(
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1669:t
1662:v
1100:e
1093:t
1086:v
1051:)
1031:.
1000:)
980:.
949:)
910:)
871:)
796:)
637:.
613:.
596:.
444:.
385:.
136:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
