960:
1433:
1469:
28:
1457:
1411:
1750:'s Council for Socialist Culture and Education). Writing in 1982 for a preface of albums by Dionisie and his pupils, Constantinescu summarized the status of scholarship: "Surely, he was the subject of some lines of text, albeit ones that would be fully supportive, or even somewhat benevolent, in obscure publications and not available to most readers. The mysteries of his humble biography and his questionable talents as a chronicler have been the only two things that tie up with his name to have borne out any sort of scrutiny." Under contract with the Academy, Bălașa and Stoicescu only issued a critical edition of
1346:(where he reaches "peak absurdity"), but finds value in the implicit aspects: " is an extremely precious psychological and historical document, perhaps unique in our literature. Eclesiarhul recounts everyday life, history itself, as perceived by the common folk. Whenever he tries to lift himself above his sphere of activity, the author veers into the realm of fantasy, facing readers with a spectacle that resembles Oriental fairy tales." Dionisie's inability to distinguish fact from fantasy appears in his short biography of Pazvantoğlu: Păun highlights its overall gullibility, noting that it resembles the
510:
1496:—"evidently, copies of Byzantine models and types have been done in later times, and are even done to this day, but they endure as an unoriginal mirroring of long-held canons; all this while Dionisie the Ecclesiarch draws things as he knows them, as he sees them, not by slavishly copying some other man's work in painting." The same expert proposes that at least part of the monk's Byzantine conservatism was forced on him at Bistrița, an alternative seat of the regional bishopric. A special order was issued here in 1781, informing churches that they needed to follow guidelines set by
1342:, concluding that Wallachia's fate was always decided outside her territory and control. Overall: "He turns into literature, one that is well-tensioned and well-structured, a vast subject matter, generally collected not from books, from chronicles, from registers, but from oral tradition and from things seen with his own eyes. He had clear eyes, which also knew how to fill themselves with apparitions. Fantastic data are called upon to better interlard things unknown to him." Boia suggests that Dionisie is not a reliable source, specially not on the French Revolution and
789:
729:, which had taken place in and around 1802; the story contains outstanding detail, from things Dionisie describes as "written down in my heart". He witnessed the invasion's effects from Bistrița, which was visited by Oltenian civilians who had been disfigured by the Ottoman intervention force (and were wrongly recorded as mutilated by Pazvantoğlu). Sorescu reads a "hint of admiration" for Pazvantoğlu's legalism and audacity, but also "dark skepticism" regarding the region's prospects for recovery. Dionisie also provides direct references to the
1592:, which appear to have been entirely designed by him. According to researcher Ion Vârtosu (whose view is rated by Păltănea as an interpretative standard), Dionisie was a superlative calligrapher, but utterly unremarkable as a painter; a more charitable view, by scholar T. G. Bulat, notes his abilities as a heraldic artist, but also defines some of his other drawings as "gauche", with purely documentary qualities. Șenilă-Vasiliu was enthusiastic about the monk's
815:, which he began writing at Craiova in 1814; its date of completion is unknown, given as 1815 by Simota and Sorescu, as 1818 by Constantinescu, and as 1820 by Nedelcea. The manuscript narrates events going back to 1764—taking some liberties from the established canon, in that all topics are from the author's lifetime (a "terrible era", according to Sorescu). It picks up the narrative thread from where it had been left off by a more obscure writer, the
358:, just northeast of Pietrari, "in or around 1740". He was also of confirmed "peasant origin", with Simota naming his father as Alexie and his mother (known to have served as a nun in later life) as Aspazia. Various records mention that he completed a primary-school education in Stoenești. He returned to his home village as a married priest; it was only after the death of his wife that he decided to take orders, possibly by entering
938:, two books of ritual, other manuscripts and translations. he was also a bookbinder, typographer, engraver and miniaturist, a portraitist." Giurescu believes that, as a scribe, he was responsible for penning "thousands of property deeds". Two competing oral traditions, recorded in 1985 by art historian Paul Rezeanu, suggest that Dionisie spent his final years either at Gănescu Monastery (on the spot later occupied by the
1613:. A mention of Dionisie's "Baroque taste" is also made by Constantinescu, though he also regards any such influence as subdued, and only present within a number of his floral drawings-watercolors; another source of "late Baroque" influences appeared in his occasional copying of Russian typeface. These were mixed with reinterpreted standards of Brîncovenesc calligraphy, ranging from green-colored
1287:. As noted by Ungheanu, Eclesiarhul only appears as gauche if reading is confined to his antiquated language: "Transcribed into European, neologistic, formulas, the monk of Râmnic no longer seems at all naive, indicating to us that the paste of one's vocabulary can prevent or delay access to one's idea, in any given text." Iorga's verdict is also partly challenged by Sorescu. According to him,
506:. Boia challenges such accounts, noting that Dionisie had a "modest culture" to match his social origin, whereas Naum's was "evidently superior". Constantinescu likewise argues that Dionisie "was not a man of high learning". Despite numerous opportunities to improve himself, he is only known to have read some four works of theology and at least one chronicle.
455:, finished in 1777. As noted in his later chronicle, this period was one of "terrible oppression" under the Ottomans, who went as far as to publicly humiliate the boyars and their retinues. Also evidencing himself as a calligrapher and archivist, widely seen as very intellectually gifted, Dionisie climbed rather quickly through the religious hierarchy, from
900:(1815). In another such manuscript, penned in 1816 for his colleagues at Govora, he condenses additional biographical detail. He had come to live exclusively from his craft, leaving complaints about his declining eyesight and dexterity, as well as about his chest being "hurt from within". His quill was now a "venomous snake" (
744:. His career peaked again later that year, when he returned as Ecclasiarch of the Metropolis in Bucharest, where he also served as a and teacher of Slavonic. This made him a personal witness to the September fire, which destroyed much of Bucharest, and which, Dionisie claimed, had been the fault of a careless downtown
934:, pleading to have his play supplemented. He was directed to seek help among the monks of Jitianu, but refused to move there; he was instead sponsored by Jitianu, Bucăvăț, and two other monasteries, with a monthly stipend of 30 thaler. In all, he had completed "30 documentary chronicles, 22 beadrolls for
992:, admired by Sorescu for its "old-language charms". Praised for his "natural language", which generally discards the stereotypical conventions of earlier chroniclers, Dionisie allows the least pretentious register of Romanian to penetrate into literary culture. His version of the vernacular predates the
922:
Constantin Almăjan, he calligraphed a genealogy of the
Poenaru-Almăjanu burghers. Before July of the following year, he was fulfilling a commission for the register of Obedeanu Monastery, but complained about not being able to finish work without hiring an apprentice. According to Constantinescu, his
1543:
At Bistrița, the
Ecclesiarch had established a workshop of miniaturists. It is known to have included the monk Pahomie, who continued producing and illustrating Oltenian beadrolls into the 1830s, and is rated by scholars as Dionisie's most dedicated follower. Another highly productive student of his
1638:
Paisie of Sadova—though here, and in all such works, "everything seems expedited and unfinished." A typical scene, repeated three times in his work (and three times more in somewhat adapted formats), is that of high-ranking clergymen presenting the book itself; as
Constantinescu notes, these appear
1550:
Răducanu
Poenaru, who may have been a relative of the Poenaru-Almăjanus, and who intervened on many works that required complex composition. This workshop and Dionisie's numerous attested collaborations introduce debates about the authorship of many individual paintings. Constantinescu opines that
854:
itself suggests that such information came to
Wallachia by means of gazettes and biographies, avidly sought after by boyars such as Barbu C. Știrbei; Constantinescu writes that the Ecclesiarch was himself a follower of the press, which he mostly read through digests published in Buda. According to
1507:
Constantinescu also posits that, while
Wallachian art in the Phanariote century had tied itself to the "Balkan and oriental realm", Dionisie's was still "rustic and nonconformist", drawing much of its inspiration from the "universe of the village"; some of his paintings show Vâlcea as it was back
1100:
As read by
Nedelcea, Dionisie was a patriot and a populist, who sympathized primarily with the peasants; Păun adds that: "In describing this and that reign, he almost always resorts to arguments of an economic kind." Dwelling on the more predatory aspects of Mavrogenes' rule, he recounts
1278:
was persuaded that
Dionisie was relatively incompetent: "He's only good as a storyteller: the things he has seen, the things other informed him about, the things he read. Everything is naive and pleasurable precisely because of its naivete". This view, also taken up by Cioculescu (" a
1081:). Replicating a generally positive view of the monarch, found in both local histories and foreigners' accounts, he only reserves scorn for Ypsilantis-appointed judges, who "stretch the law to get their money." Historian Paul Cernovodeanu also reports that Eclesiarhul's account of
570:, leaving an account of his travels there. According to Păun, he shared this temporary home with Naum. This is partly contradicted by Boia, who notes that Naum went there as a prisoner, whereas Dionisie was part of Metropolitan Filaret's formal retinue, possibly stationed in
1337:
by closely monitoring events occurring in the
Ottoman Empire, and throughout Europe—as noted by Nedelcea, he was not alone in his "European vision", which was by then a "healthy Romanian tradition" in history-writing. On this observational basis, Dionisie embraces
983:
as "perhaps the only historical work of its day that one can read today not just with interest, but also with pleasure." Simota also recognized the monk's "storytelling skills" and "charming orality", though, she notes, he is inferior to the more ancient
317:. Some controversy endures about his work as a visual artist, since miniatures attributed to him are of varying quality—those which are certainly his are widely considered as the less accomplished ones, though sometimes commended for bridging canonical
254:, where he served administrative functions while also becoming a highly skilled calligrapher in several languages. His historical writing is unusual for its context in that it relies heavily on first-hand experiences—one of the first such events is the
1639:
to have been largely copied from a more accomplished painter, known as Manea Zugrav. Figurative drawings and watercolors that are also clearly attributable to
Dionisie include a number of highly decorative depictions, such as "mustachioed heads of
401:
administrative class, which had also integrated with the local boyardom. Constantinescu notes that, in Dionisie's day, Phanariote dynasties had abandoned their early practice of regulating the "despotic system of taxation", and, beginning with
1691:
In addition to being depicted on the Mănăilești mural, Dionisie may have been portrayed by his pupil, Răducanu Poenaru, in a pencil sketch glued to a manuscript cover of 1815. Interest for the Ecclesiarch's literary work was revived in the
1188:) who were increasingly aware of "the Romanian people's backwardness as compared to other peoples", producing "extremely harsh criticism of the present-day situations ." According to Sorescu, the Ecclesiarch's search for an alternative to
1208:. "Balkanism" was also a generic trend, since Eclesiarhul's time marked the "peak of Orientalization" in Romanian culture. Dionisie was still primarily anti-Turkish, "rejoic in Russian victories, which diminished the power held by the
1540:. The clash of vision with Brâncovenesc traditionalism is also discussed by art historian Tereza Sinigalia. She sees Dionisie and his school as "referencing other sources another vision of art", as well as serving "other purposes."
1359:' first reign (though this is also accompanied by a note which expresses some admiration for Soutzos as an old, and therefore more competent or less destructive, Phanariote). Dionisie declares himself perplexed by another Phanariote,
478:; the same author takes this to mean that Eclesiarhul was a polyglot, in addition to being exceptionally versed in the canons of Orthodoxy. Dionisie, who once detailed his efforts in rendering Slavonic documents (calling the language
1655:, though, unlike some of his contemporaries, he never showed an interest in recording the lives of regular parishioners. He also did a sequence of animal illustrations—from snakes and dragons blended in with his initials, to yellow
545:. His status as an eyewitness is specified further in another fragment of a monastery register, dated to November 1788. Here, he clarifies that he was a captive in Craiova, alongside the other monks, being closely watched by the
667:, who believes that the incriminated words were not present in the Mihnea original (but rather added by Dionisie). At some point before 1796, he copied and translated Slavonic diplomas from the Tismana archives, attributed to
1375:
acting for the Prince would terrorize the locals, "like hungry wolves", while the church and its "poor priests" were especially insulted. The chapter includes an episode of national humiliation, in which Hangerli dresses up
1704:
in Bucharest. Simota informs that these are all of artistic importance: "One finds here splendid majuscules, scenes and portraits, in D's own hand. They form an interesting chapter in the history of Romanian miniatures."
1608:
flowers. Păltănea also reserves some praise for Dionisie's use of abstract models, seeing them as directly inspired by traditional Romanian handicrafts—against Paleolog, who proposes that they also stand as echoes of the
1093:. When he chides the Prince, it is generally for his fanatical approach to church affairs: according to Dionisie, Mavrogenes forced Christians to attend all sermons, or risk being whipped into submission by his guards—
1243:. The Phanariotes, on the other hand, were astute diplomats, who also "opened the Turks' eyes" on this issue. In some contexts, the Ecclesiarch expresses some apprehension about Russian intrusions. His coverage of a
1577:, have been misattributed to the Ecclesiarch. Poenaru and an unnamed draftsman are credited by Constantinescu as the true authors of several votive portraits in beadrolls penned by their teacher—including those of
1512:, with the "shabby appearances of country homes and churches." Constantinescu highlights the same "rustic" quality in the three ink-and-watercolor landscapes that survive to this day (one of which is a rudimentary
942:) or in a hut located at Brândușa Church. The monk died in poverty, "probably in 1820", though Constantinescu and his fellow art expert Mariana Șenilă-Vasiliu both propose 1821, coincidentally the date of a
2213:
1085:, who was famously despotic and "megalomaniac" (and whose 1780s reign marked a "crisis of the Phanariote regime"), remained generally neutral, alternating condemnation and praise. As read by historian
610:(1794). It also appears that he then fell out of favor with Filaret's successors, which is why he had to renounce his position at the Archdiocese. He returned to regular monastic life, passing through
1628:
into a paper format, without however being classifiable as an "icon painter". While she cautions that Dionisie was neither "truly speaking a miniaturist", Șenilă-Vasiliu commends him for portraits of
967:, Vâlcea (done by the local masters Ilie of Teiuș and Constantin of Zmeuret). Man clinging on to a fruit tree which is gnawed at by a black and a white donkey, respectively representing Night and Day
354:, gave his birth year as 1759. Such information was rectified and amended by historians Dumitru Bălașa and Nicolae Stoicescu. As reported by them, Dionisie, known rather as "Dimitrie", was born at
959:
1371:—according to Sorescu, this is the most accomplished portion of Dionisie's entire work. Dionisie questions Hangerli's war on Pazvantoğlu, since it provided a pretext for fiscal excesses.
752:, noting that he had "seen with my own eyes" how the Russian troops took relish in collecting the heads of Ottoman captives, which they then put up on public display. He himself lived on
869:. Simota similarly believes that his views were shaped by "minor works of anti-French propaganda", imported from the West; around that time, he translated from German an account of the
1380:("female prostitutes, whores and barmaids"), presenting them as boyaresses and encouraging Ottoman soldiers to have sex with them. This portion of the text is closely followed by
821:
Dumitrache (Răducan's father), and makes ample note of the 1768 Russian invasion. The final parts are direct accounts of unfolding events, including those of January 1815, when
2142:
Oana Rizescu, "'Legătura lui Mihai' și dreptul de stramutare al țăranilor aserviți. Cenzura obiceiului prin hotărâre domnească în Țara Romînească în secolul al XVII-lea", in
27:
811:, which, according to his own first-account, saw the city's devastation and a massive flight of its population. His political ideas and lifetime lessons were conflated in
1668:
32:
278:
as a negative figure, recording some of the rumors which circulated in respect to him; he also published translations of works dealing with Napoleon's eventual defeat.
3454:, "Idées sociales et politiques dans la litterature historique des Principautés Roumaines pendant la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe siècle", in
285:, the Ecclesiarch was again expelled to Craiova, where he apparently spent the rest of his life, in 1814. It was here that he began writing his chronicle, known as
3814:
1663:, and a number of deer; as noted by Constantinescu, these are overall inferior to similar works by his less known contemporary monks. He was most often focused on
1537:
881:
1216:
expresses bewilderment at Dionisie's readiness to credit the Russians with mystical attributes, a sample of "the darkness under which we were living at the time"—
1283:-like figure in our historiography") and by scholar Ion C. Chițimia (who admires the monk simply for his talent and "candor"), was contested by literary critic
1161:
1107:
Ioniță Papuc's habit of arresting "people he knew to have money". They were then forced into the boyardom, and as such overtaxed. Among the literary scholars,
498:. Literary historian Tudor Nedelcea similarly notes that Dionisie could speak several languages, and also that he seemed to have grasped geography (including
3634:
3461:
3372:
1086:
2418:
1529:
420:
of the Ottoman Empire. Their sovereignty had been much reduced under the Phanariotes, who, in addition to displaying "a near-complete fidelity toward the
375:
3689:
3399:
363:
2785:
2392:
1533:
1447:
1181:
619:
615:
2755:, "Bicentenarul Marii Revoluții Franceze. 'Declarația drepturilor omului și cetățeanului' din 1789 și procesul de constituire a României moderne", in
1058:
3779:
1629:
801:
562:
armies, who together occupied the city, were engaged in raucous fistfights which entertained the Wallachians. In 1789, Dionisie was a refugee in the
417:
204:
3405:
2904:
1284:
1108:
628:
Răducan sin Dumitrache, in 1795. That year appears in his manuscript copy of the monastery register, under miniatures showing the church, icons of
622:. The dates of his stay at either monastery are unclear, though he is believed to have been residing at Bistrița, where his work was supervised by
2155:
Vasile A. Vasilescu, "Diplomele lui Sigismund I, Regele Ungariei și Ioan Huniade, Voivodul Transilvaniei, dela mănăstirea Tismana sunt false", in
301:. Though not generally seen as reliable on world events, he became a credited source on events such as the Ottomans' abusive behavior against the
3469:
2210:
Biserici cu pictură murală exterioară din Oltenia (sec. XVIII–XIX). Catalogul expoziției. Muzeul Național al Țăranului Român, 12–30 ianuarie 2010
1632:
and other church figures. The same is argued by Constantinescu, according to whom Dionisie is "truly an artist" in his depictions of Filitti and
855:
researchers Cornelia Papacostea-Danielopolu and Lidia Demény, it is an established fact that both Dionisie and Naum compiled news picked up from
440:
3659:
1743:
1212:", and overall "denounc the Ottoman yoke as a danger for his country's stability." In his 1874 overview of Phanariote-era chronicles, essayist
3569:
3409:
971:
Despite his ambitions as a professional historian, Dionisie is "the last medieval-school chronicler", and primarily seen as a contributor to
521:
In 1786, Dionisie penned a three-volume register of the Bishopric. Some clues about his debut as a historian are found in his account of the
740:
Dionisie appears to have been living in Craiova during February 1804, when he was commissioned as a calligrapher by the monks of Arnota and
655:
in Wallachia. The scribe elicited some controversy for suggesting that the serfs had been "bound to the land" by order of an earlier ruler,
3584:
1738:
1565:, scholars had ignored Dionisie's contribution to national art; Paleolog's statement was regarded as an ignorant exaggeration by historian
1528:. Buluță therefore includes Dionisie in the a category of amateur illustrators from across the Romanian-speaking area, variously including
563:
1588:
As seen by Constantinescu, the Ecclesiarch was "best represented" by his calligraphy, and especially by his (usually red or multicolored)
1355:
Dionisie's description of some rules is short and ambiguous, with focus on ceremonial aspects; one example is his dismissive retelling of
1057:
Overall, the Ecclesiarch and his friend Naum were bitterly opposed to the Phanariotes—sharing this trait with a fellow Wallachian writer,
1728:
considered putting out a critical edition of the text, from as early as 1960. Seen as a "language source" and a "magnificent writer" by
289:, which also outlines his political vision—his critique of the Phanariotes, balanced by nuanced portrayas of individual princes such as
3589:
1291:
provides some insight into Dionisie's take on world politics, which sometimes evidences the role of personalities—Dionisie argues that
1235:
Ionescu-Gion notes that neither Dionisie, nor any of the "boyars and those who wrote the chronicles", had a clear understanding of the
1016:
features at expressions that have since been relegated to obscurity, in particular those belonging to the traditionally under-recorded
807:
Dionisie appears to have been sacked in 1811 or 1813, and again had to settle in Craiova. He managed to survive the epidemic known as
3639:
3564:
3559:
1300:
1070:
216:
416:) entirely committed to "obtain that which they desire through lawlessness, preying, and villainy". The two countries were likewise
3829:
3644:
3554:
1069:
notes, "the easy-going Dionisie loses his temper" when he has to describe spoliation by the other Greek institutions—including the
1432:
443:, as well as "sweeping contacts with the West and with Russia" for both Principalities. Dionisie was by then foremost active as a
3694:
3506:
833:
acted as warlords in other parts of Oltenia. Also included are minute accounts of very recent international events, such as the
3824:
3809:
1520:). Bibliologist Gheorghe Buluță sees Eclesiarhul's figurative work as embodying "the last-stage miniature", when the peasants'
1119:, already flourishing in Dionisie's lifetime, had developed a more modernized perspective on Romanian history. His take on the
1647:), as well as sketches of Arnauts and Ottomans, as "grotesque symbols of a horrifying reality." He was very rarely engaged in
3714:
3654:
3649:
3594:
3528:
3380:
1714:
979:-style pages, with hints of the Italian or Spanish short prose, with comedic or violent episodes". Writing in 1976, Boia saw
793:
3799:
3444:
Voleta-Anca Epure, "Personalitatea lui Napoleon Bonaparte, războaiele napoleoniene și ecoul lor în Principatele Române", in
3579:
1367:("sieving out mosquitoes and gulping camels", as in: "penny-wise and pound-foolish"). The chronicle dwells on the reign of
1074:
525:, which includes "strategic details, portraits of commanders, and troop movements", discussing at length the occupation of
3679:
3674:
3574:
1551:
one skilled disciple, Partenie Zugrav, was called upon to do watercolor illustrations for Dionisie's beadroll at Țigănia
266:. Marginalized upon his return, he withdrew into regular monastic life, witnessing Oltenia's ruin, brought on by warlord
3819:
3729:
3724:
3664:
1320:
1307:, he produces a number of chronological and biographical errors—such as when informing his readers that Napoleon was a
567:
466:
The future chronicler became educated by 18th-century standards. Sorescu describes Dionisie's "wonderful lettering" in
263:
220:
3709:
3604:
3514:
3439:
1468:
1271:' attempt to assist the rebels (in what was a staged effort to ensure Wallachia's own emancipation from the Porte).
1244:
749:
534:
522:
432:
262:. The war also gave him what may have been his only experience of life outside Wallachia, namely an extended tour of
255:
1569:, who also suggests that a number of miniatures, including those of the Poenaru-Almăjanu register and a portrait of
3794:
3739:
3719:
3669:
3624:
3614:
989:
611:
302:
1488:
Constantinescu explained the Ecclesiarch's work as a miniaturist as the last "true and complete" manifestation of
1456:
1185:
1127:(whom he called "boyars") as the revolutionary agents, and their movement as a restoration, since, as he puts it,
436:
199:; Dionisie secretly resented this process, and rallied with a Wallachian conservative patriotism that bordered on
3754:
3749:
3124:
Tereza Sinigalia, "Observații privind miniatura și ornamentica de carte manuscrisă din epoca brâncovenească", in
1500:
in matters of icon-painting. Initially embracing observation from life, Dionisie showed a complete disregard for
1410:
1299:, had a peaceful disposition and "enough countries" to rule upon; he also believes that the similarly unwarlike
1024:, " died to extinction"); they appear alongside the first instances of Western words adapted to Romanian (as in
640:
Nectarie. Constantinescu believes that it was only in the early 1790s that Dionisie trained as a watercolorist (
3769:
3764:
3734:
1292:
1256:
988:
in his grasp of human psychology. Unintentionally so, Dionisie's narrative is also a document attesting to the
2501:, "Cuvîntul cititorilor. Ecouri. Pe marginea unei ipoteze: Dionisie Eclesiarhul, caligraf și miniaturist", in
892:; this was followed by beadrolls for the priest in Craiova's Șimnicu de Jos community (1814) and the monks of
3834:
3629:
3609:
1721:
765:
668:
1144:). Sorescu notes Dionisie's extreme traditionalism, which refused to align itself with the Enlightenment's "
1123:
was overall confusing, as he tried to understand the core issue in Wallachian terms: Dionisie presented the
183:
monk, chronicler, and polemicist, also noted as a miniaturist and calligrapher. His life coincided with the
3804:
3789:
3619:
1701:
452:
247:
3759:
3684:
1348:
993:
943:
733:
and their dire consequences for economic life in Wallachia; his texts show that he detested and resented
687:). Unbeknown to him, these were forgeries prepared by the local monks to protect their rights during the
428:. In that context, Dionisie the chronicler illustrated the "natural reactions against Greek influence".
188:
1713:, as part of an anthology of historical sources. A standalone edition appeared in 1934, with folklorist
3774:
3431:
1090:
862:
471:
467:
3704:
2413:
3744:
3699:
3346:
2867:, "O pagină din istoria medievală. Excursiune istorico-linguistică. Căp-căn — Căpcăun — Cătcăun", in
909:
893:
870:
659:. While his translation was used as a main source of information by modern historians beginning with
647:
Also in 1795, Dionisie wrote down his Romanian translation of a 17th-century Slavonic writ by Prince
486:"), was also familiar with Russian, and, at an unknown date, translated into Romanian a tract called
923:
claim of having been reduced to poverty was facetious, not least of all because of his donating 682
3839:
3599:
1562:
1160:
includes Dionisie on a list of Phanariote-era Romanians or assimilated Greeks (variously including
386:
232:
224:
3111:
2913:
1828:
1524:
embraced some conventions from European painting, while also renouncing the "opulence" of earlier
908:. His income dwindling, he now accepted commissions from civilian entities, such as a fragment of
698:). By 1799, Dionisie was known to be working on another register, for the monks of Titireciul, in
460:
251:
3361:
1710:
1625:
1501:
1128:
725:, wartime episodes are followed by his bemoaning of Oltenia's devastation by the Ottoman warlord
394:
212:
403:
1334:
1303:
was a major factor in appeasing Napoleon. In depicting the latter's ascent and creation of the
1268:
1264:
964:
845:
664:
2864:
1561:. In a 1966 piece, art historian Vasile Georgescu Paleolog argued that, with the exception of
3549:
3544:
1871:
1693:
1558:
1221:
939:
841:
629:
559:
3498:
1582:
1417:
270:—whom he depicted as a half-legendary figure—and the economic constraints introduced by the
3784:
1368:
1116:
1112:
1009:
1001:
885:
633:
509:
338:
Among the later reviewers of his work, Radu Constantinescu, Algeria Simota, Octav Păun and
200:
1866:
726:
367:
267:
8:
2869:
2833:
1676:
1593:
1574:
1497:
1478:
1439:
1381:
1360:
1330:
1319:
had survived the Revolution and made his way into Russia, and had a vague idea about the
1308:
1304:
1240:
1111:
dismissed Dionisie and Zilot as "backward consciousnesses", since they also rejected the
1082:
1073:. Sometimes, this hostility unexpectedly subsided: his narrative opens with the reign of
997:
972:
808:
788:
761:
757:
591:
306:
290:
1525:
1196:, an altogether "more refined spirituality"; in this, he prefigured Wallachians such as
660:
343:
2498:
1697:
1680:
1621:, as well as with products of Dionisie's own "rural fantasy"—primarily his blue roses.
1566:
1513:
1356:
1296:
1201:
1017:
996:, allowing historian Djuvara to propose that his language in 1815 is as different from
931:
874:
753:
672:
406:'s reign in the 1760s, were pushing for all-out spoliation. As summarized by historian
1095:
să umplea besericile de oameni de frica poruncii, iar nu pentru dragostea lui Dumnezeu
880:
Dionisie continued with his work as a scribe—around 1813, he finished the register of
3524:
3510:
3435:
3417:
3376:
1664:
1640:
1177:
1120:
905:
838:
769:
656:
595:
538:
475:
398:
355:
239:
192:
53:
644:), being directly supervised by Ioan Zugrav and, possibly, by Manea Zugrav as well.
607:
3521:
Evgheniți, ciocoi, mojici. Despre obrazele primei modernități românești (1750–1860)
2699:
Cernovodeanu, p. 11; Vintilă-Ghițulescu, pp. 189–190. See also Ionescu-Gion, p. 152
1725:
1596:, his "strong stylization" still allowing viewers to identify loving depictions of
1517:
1251:, arriving in as Russian auxiliaries, were cannibals who turned fallen bodies into
1236:
1205:
718:, Vâlcea, and was depicted as such in its murals, done in 1801 by Dinu of Craiova.
688:
578:. The detail about Buda, she notes, can be traced to Dionisie's description of the
483:
359:
1742:, Dionisie was partly republished in an anthology of Oltenian writers, put out by
1391:
decides to simply discard Hangerli, and, in another embarrassing episode, has the
389:), coincided with the mid-to-final stages of the Phanariote period. Wallachia and
347:
57:
3387:
1672:
1614:
1343:
1229:
1225:
1173:
1165:
1124:
1097:("churches would fill up for fear of punishment, and not for the love of God").
916:, done for Captain Constantin Zătreanu in 1817. During 1819, under contract with
866:
730:
495:
494:. Păun suggests that he could understand not just Slavonic and Russian, but also
371:
314:
271:
3385:
Paul Cernovodeanu, "Din veacul fanariot. Trei domni dintr-o 'serie neagră'", in
3038:
Barbu, p. 13; Bucur, pp. 259–260; Djuvara, p. 17; Sorescu, p. 14. See also Dima
2389:
Carte și tipar în societatea românească și sud-est europeană (secolele XVII–XIX)
3451:
3294:
1648:
1493:
1385:
1280:
1189:
1169:
1145:
1089:, Dionisie seems genuinely impressed by Mavrogenes' efforts to reestablish the
1066:
1062:
1013:
715:
298:
294:
208:
3297:, "Ce și cum tipăresc editurile. Reconsiderarea literaturii romîne vechi", in
2759:, Vol. LXXXII, Issue 4, July–August 1989, p. 343. See also Theodorescu, p. 204
3538:
3486:
3423:
3299:
2777:
1489:
1275:
1209:
1157:
1038:
1033:
1005:
637:
598:
was brokered, and proceeded to copy a register for the monastic community in
574:. Simota believes that Filaret took both his monks with him, passing through
542:
425:
421:
407:
362:. His earliest affiliation is subject to some disagreement: Simota indicates
339:
318:
196:
3109:
Gheorghe Buluță, "Viața cărților. Ediții. Pagini de tradiție culturală", in
2721:
Constantinescu, p. 23; Ionescu-Gion, p. 182; Vintilă-Ghițulescu, pp. 48, 226
1323:
as securing a trade route—"leading into faraway lands, perhaps to America."
975:. His main work, "in equal parts a chronicle and a memoir", "features good,
602:. He was probably escaping the plague epidemic, which took him to Strehaia,
2752:
1618:
1570:
1474:
985:
834:
680:
603:
575:
514:
822:
3353:
3337:
2828:
1747:
1729:
1578:
1509:
1213:
1036:"), which coexist with a large array of borrowings from Turkish (such as
699:
648:
579:
351:
153:
3137:
Nicolae Moga, "Pomelnicul bisericii 'Buna Vestire' din Bumbuiești", in
1826:
Teodor Nedelcea, "Viața cărților. Ediții. O reeditare neașteptată", in
1316:
1197:
745:
503:
499:
184:
3369:
Devălmășia valahă (1716–1828). O istorie anarhică a spațiului românesc
2534:
Paul Rezeanu, "Craiova: Memoria caselor, locurilor, străzilor...", in
1624:
In some of his figurative works, Dionisie copied the canons governing
897:
258:, during which Dionisie and his fellow monks were held as hostages in
235:
under Wallachian supervision, and where he spent almost all his life.
1605:
1546:
1521:
1388:
1131:
826:
624:
551:
530:
456:
435:
was a major event in Romanian history. It concluded in 1774 with the
378:, himself a future historian, with a similar take on world affairs.
322:
313:' alleged cannibalism, or his belief that the Russians had perfected
282:
180:
125:
121:
61:
1481:
chronicle of 1817 (miniature controversially attributed to Dionisie)
1134:"had tried to demean France's traditions and instruments of rule" (
1115:
and its small manifestations in Wallachia; Simota suggests that the
463:. Its Bishop, Filaret, may have retained him as a favorite in 1786.
3428:Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne
1660:
1656:
1504:
in his old-age drawings—possibly because Dionysios had ordered it.
1339:
1252:
1103:
1050:
918:
857:
734:
599:
412:
390:
374:. According to Sorescu, during his training he was colleagues with
275:
1700:. At least 25 of his registers were taken for preservation at the
549:("terrifying German volunteers"); he also reports learning from a
3414:
Istoria literaturii române. II: De la Școala Ardeleană la Junimea
1652:
1634:
1610:
1597:
1589:
1462:
Title page of the Jitianu register, completed by Dionisie in 1808
1422:
1397:
execute him and desecrate his body in front of his entire court.
1248:
1193:
976:
889:
830:
817:
797:
652:
526:
382:
310:
259:
228:
79:
3491:
3126:
Revista Muzeelor și Monumentelor. Monumente Istorice și de Artă
2503:
1393:
1372:
1044:
924:
877:(both were published at Buda, in 1814 and 1815, respectively).
741:
704:
444:
243:
129:
1601:
1553:
710:
381:
Dionisie's life, mostly spent in the Wallachian subregion of
2120:
Ion Ionașcu, "Lucruri noi despre cronicarul Dumitrache", in
776:, adding an autograph in Greek lettering. He calls himself
571:
219:
on political grounds), he spent his life in service to the
211:, which Dionisie viewed as a detestable overlord. A devout
3489:, "Cronica literară. Prozatorul Dionisie Eclesiarhul", in
3055:, pp. 124–125; Sorescu, p. 14. See also Djuvara, pp. 18–19
1077:, whom he describes as a "judicious, high-minded prince" (
651:, which is also a social document regarding the nature of
309:. His narrative is interpreted with naive accounts of the
3481:
Dicționarul literaturii române de la origini pînă la 1900
3475:
Algeria Simota, "Dionisie Eclesiarhul", in Stănuța Crețu
1138:
350:. Sorescu, alongside scholars such as Constantinescu and
896:(1816), between which he penned a deed to the estate of
533:(respectively, Oltenia and Wallachia's capitals) by the
424:, down to 1774", also exposed their subjects to intense
963:
Personification of "human folly" in an 1828 mural from
558:
s aide in Bucharest that soldiers of the Habsburg and
517:
fishing, in a 1792 illustration attributed to Dionisie
1782:
Boia, p. 88; Constantinescu, pp. 6, 21; Sorescu, p. 3
1696:, from 1859, and later in their successor-state, the
1363:, whom he describes as an incompetent administrator,
764:. In September 1809, he purchased from the market of
2195:Mariana Șenilă-Vasiliu, "Trandafirul albastru", in
780:, highlighting his intimate connection with Cozia.
447:, whose earliest works of note include a beadroll (
3483:, pp. 282–283. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1979.
2146:, Vol. XIV, Issues 1–2, January–April 2003, p. 251
585:
305:elite, and their humiliating execution of Prince
3536:
2837:, Vol. VIII, Issue 8, November 1874, pp. 305–306
281:After a brief return to favor and settlement in
227:. Lastly, he displayed a regional allegiance to
2645:Djuvara, pp. 88–89; Georgescu, pp. 169–170, 187
2387:Cornelia Papacostea-Danielopolu, Lidia Demény,
3396:Dionisie din Pietrari, miniaturist și caligraf
3285:Barbu, p. 12; Georgescu, p. 170; Sorescu, p. 3
3051:Barbu, p. 13; Constantinescu, pp. 24–25; Dima
2422:, Vol. 131, Issues 33–36, September 1984, p. 8
2093:Simota, p. 282. See also Constantinescu, p. 23
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1508:then, with its "green flames" of fir-tree and
342:argued that Dionisie was born as "Dumitru" at
3466:Din istoria Fanarioților. Studie și cercetărĭ
3350:, Vol. I, Issue 6, September 1971, pp. 12–13.
2873:, Vol. XXI, Issue 5, August 1887, pp. 418–419
1869:, "Breviar. De la Macedonski la Arghezi", in
949:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
1746:in 1975 (at the time, Firan was chairman of
3815:People of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
3276:Boia, p. 126; Simota, p. 283; Sorescu, p. 3
2159:, Vol. XIII, Fascicle IV, 1943, pp. 103–114
1853:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1136:au căutat să strice obiceaiurile [
3690:Artists from the Principality of Wallachia
2507:, Vol. III, Issue 13, December 1966, p. 23
1946:Constantinescu, pp. 21, 25; Simota, p. 283
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
760:, also spent time on the northern estate,
594:at some point in or before 1791, when the
410:, this era saw the Princes (also known as
250:beadroll in 1777. He was treasured by the
2479:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
1651:, as with his scenes of monks engaged in
1315:). Dionisie also genuinely believed that
1151:
721:In Dionisie's main historical narrative,
541:, ending in decimation by an outbreak of
3780:Romanian typographers and type designers
3635:Old Church Slavonic–Romanian translators
3458:, Vol. V, Issues 1–2, 1967, pp. 167–191.
1365:strecurând țânțariul și înghițind cămila
1220:credits a legend according to which the
958:
787:
508:
3115:, Vol. XXX, Issue 2, January 1987, p. 2
2214:CIMeC - Institutul de Memorie Culturală
2199:, Vol. XX, Issue 1, January 1985, p. 13
1832:, Vol. XXXI, Issue 14, April 1988, p. 2
1785:
1773:, p. 124; Simota, p. 282; Sorescu, p. 3
1247:reports rumors from Bucharest that the
333:
3537:
2663:Bucur, p. 298; Ionescu-Gion, pp. 85–86
2180:
1378:muieri podărese, curve și cârciumărese
1148:", and which had its implicit merits.
930:From Sadova, Dionisie wrote to Prince
3660:18th-century Eastern Orthodox priests
2917:, Vol. XXX, Issue 23, June 1988, p. 2
2476:Constantinescu, p. 28; Simota, p. 283
2168:Constantinescu, p. 25; Simota, p. 283
1679:(the latter used as a tribute to the
1259:children for food. Some fragments of
274:. In his later chronicle, he depicts
3570:Moldavian and Wallachian chroniclers
3456:Revue des Études Sud-est Européennes
1263:display Dionisie's interest for the
944:large-scale anti-Phanariote uprising
663:, it is criticized as inaccurate by
492:Calea împărătească a crucii Domnului
3585:Historians of the French Revolution
3446:Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis
2935:Simota, p. 283; Theodorescu, p. 207
2831:, "Studiul Istoriei la Români", in
873:, and another one dealing with the
689:fist Habsburg occupation of Oltenia
231:, which was then administered as a
13:
3507:Editura Fundației Culturale Române
3394:Radu Constantinescu, "Studiu", in
3150:Constantinescu, pp. 28, 34, 37, 38
2306:Bucur, p. 109; Cernovodeanu, p. 13
904:), who left him with debilitating
223:, which is now a component of the
14:
3851:
3590:Historians of the Napoleonic Wars
3470:Stabilimentul grafic I. V. Socecŭ
3073:Constantinescu, pp. 22–23, 41, 43
954:
837:, with a complete translation of
35:, as depicted by Dionisie in 1795
3565:19th-century Romanian historians
3560:18th-century Romanian historians
3318:
3306:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3195:Constantinescu, pp. 40–41, 43–44
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3131:
3128:, Vol. XIX, Issue 2, 1988, p. 26
3118:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3045:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2898:
2885:
2876:
2858:
2416:, "Semnalăm... Semnalăm...", in
2208:Florentina Udrea, Aurelia Duțu,
1715:Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor
1659:nibbling down on violet grapes,
1467:
1455:
1431:
1409:
1400:
1079:domn înțelept și cu minte înaltă
846:demands from the people of Paris
26:
3830:Romanian expatriates in Hungary
3555:18th-century Wallachian writers
3523:. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2015.
2849:
2840:
2822:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2771:
2762:
2746:
2737:
2724:
2715:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2407:
2398:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2202:
2171:
2162:
2149:
2136:
2127:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1905:
1438:Flower with the princely title
1301:Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich
829:ransacked Craiova, while rogue
606:(in 1792), Jitianu (1793), and
297:, and his appreciation for the
3695:19th-century Romanian painters
3519:Constanța Vintilă-Ghițulescu,
3358:Evoluția istoriografiei române
3141:, Vol. VIII, 2010, pp. 198–200
2690:Ionescu-Gion, pp. 167–168, 183
1896:
1887:
1878:
1844:
1835:
1776:
1763:
748:. He was also in town for the
586:Marginalization and retirement
1:
3825:Romanian people taken hostage
3810:People of the Napoleonic Wars
3330:
3082:Constantinescu, pp. 33, 35–36
2315:Simota, p. 282; Sorescu, p. 3
2252:Simota, p. 283; Sorescu, p. 3
990:evolution of written Romanian
927:for the painters of Bucovăț.
692:
441:decline of the Ottoman Empire
366:, while critic and historian
242:, Dionisie became a prolific
173:
108:
71:
46:
3715:Romanian still life painters
3655:19th-century Christian monks
3650:18th-century Christian monks
3640:Russian–Romanian translators
3595:Romanian military historians
3448:, Vol. 6, 2014, pp. 377–397.
1964:Constantinescu, p. 23; Dima
1769:Constantinescu, p. 21; Dima
1709:was only printed in 1863 by
1267:, and especially for Prince
1142:] și stăpânirile Franței
861:and other newspapers of the
393:, as the Romanian-inhabited
328:
7:
3645:German–Romanian translators
3580:Scholars of Ottoman history
1667:, which often included the
1349:One Thousand and One Nights
1239:, or of the risks posed by
813:Hronograful Țerei Românești
723:Hronograful Țerei Românești
547:cumpliți volontiri nemțești
287:Hronograful Țerei Românești
10:
3856:
3680:19th-century calligraphers
3675:18th-century calligraphers
3575:Historians of Christianity
3495:, Issue 7/1980, pp. 3, 14.
3204:Constantinescu, pp. 39, 43
3177:Constantinescu, pp. 29, 44
2378:Constantinescu, pp. 21, 28
2177:Constantinescu, pp. 25, 41
1245:Russian occupation in 1812
1091:Wallachian military forces
950:Literary work and ideology
863:Modern Greek Enlightenment
783:
523:Austro-Turkish War of 1788
256:Austro-Turkish War of 1788
238:After a short career as a
215:(though he questioned the
3820:Romanian prisoners of war
3800:People from Vâlcea County
3730:19th-century illustrators
3725:18th-century illustrators
3665:Romanian Orthodox priests
3240:Constantinescu, pp. 31–34
3231:Constantinescu, pp. 31–34
3213:Constantinescu, pp. 36–38
3186:Constantinescu, pp. 29–31
3168:Constantinescu, pp. 34–35
3100:Constantinescu, pp. 34–35
2944:Theodorescu, pp. 204, 208
2846:Ionescu-Gion, pp. 119–120
2297:Constantinescu, pp. 25–26
2234:Constantinescu, pp. 24–25
2111:Constantinescu, pp. 23–24
2026:Constantinescu, pp. 27–28
1686:
1604:, and, "most amazingly",
1232:", against the Ottomans.
910:Constantine Harmenopoulos
871:French campaign in Russia
794:Church of Saint Demetrius
433:Russo-Turkish War of 1768
187:reigns, when a series of
117:
104:
86:
67:
40:
33:Coat of arms of Wallachia
25:
18:
3710:Romanian watercolourists
3605:19th-century biographers
3412:, Eugen Todoran (eds.),
3042:, p. 124; Simota, p. 283
2672:Ionescu-Gion, pp. 78, 88
2538:, January 11, 1985, p. 2
1968:, p. 124; Simota, p. 282
1893:Constantinescu, pp. 7–10
1757:
1732:, who relied heavily on
1563:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
1192:meant an embrace of the
1061:, and with a Moldavian,
1008:is from the language of
994:re-latinization campaign
750:Russian invasion of 1806
437:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
225:Romanian Orthodox Church
3795:Romanian schoolteachers
3740:Manuscript illuminators
3720:Romanian genre painters
3670:Romanian Orthodox monks
3625:Romanian travel writers
3615:19th-century memoirists
3398:, pp. 5–59. Bucharest:
3362:University of Bucharest
3091:Constantinescu, pp. 6–7
2681:Cernovodeanu, pp. 10–11
2157:Revista Istorică Română
2124:, Vol. IX, 1939, p. 261
2122:Revista Istorică Română
1711:Alexandru Papiu Ilarian
1626:Romanian Orthodox icons
1071:Ecumenical Patriarchate
756:, and, assigned to the
395:Danubian Principalities
221:Metropolis of Wallachia
217:Ecumenical Patriarchate
203:. Wallachia was also a
3755:19th-century engravers
3750:18th-century engravers
1538:Sava Popovici-Barcianu
1269:Constantine Ypsilantis
1265:First Serbian Uprising
1152:Candor and determinism
968:
804:
800:, as drawn in 1847 by
669:Sigismund of Luxemburg
665:Constantin C. Giurescu
518:
459:to Ecclesiarch of the
451:) of the monastery in
293:, his contempt toward
3770:19th-century printers
3765:18th-century printers
3735:Romanian illustrators
3391:, May 1992, pp. 9–13.
3258:Constantinescu, p. 39
3249:Constantinescu, p. 34
3159:Constantinescu, p. 22
2907:, "Cronica literară.
2855:Constantinescu, p. 26
2547:Constantinescu, p. 29
2525:Constantinescu, p. 29
2516:Constantinescu, p. 27
2467:Constantinescu, p. 28
2458:Constantinescu, p. 27
2449:Constantinescu, p. 25
2440:Constantinescu, p. 28
2391:, p. 223. Bucharest:
2324:Constantinescu, p. 17
2288:Constantinescu, p. 26
2279:Constantinescu, p. 26
2270:Constantinescu, p. 26
2261:Constantinescu, p. 25
2133:Constantinescu, p. 41
2062:Constantinescu, p. 23
1986:Constantinescu, p. 26
1955:Constantinescu, p. 21
1875:, Issue 26/1975, p. 7
1694:United Principalities
1643:-wearing Austrians" (
1477:on his throne in the
1222:Imperial Russian Army
962:
940:University of Craiova
791:
590:Dionisie returned to
512:
397:, were governed by a
166:Dionisie din Pietrari
3835:Anti-Greek sentiment
3630:Romanian translators
3610:Romanian biographers
3324:Constantinescu, p. 5
3303:, Issue 9/1960, p. 3
3222:Constantinescu, p. 7
3064:Constantinescu, p. 5
2784:, p. 57. Bucharest:
2556:Constantinescu, p. 5
2212:, p. 31. Bucharest:
2102:Simota, pp. 282, 283
1369:Constantine Hangerli
1117:Transylvanian School
1113:Age of Enlightenment
1075:Alexander Ypsilantis
1012:. This layer of the
1002:Philippe de Commines
884:, which ended up at
636:, and a portrait of
634:Gregory of Dekapolis
334:Youthful experiences
201:Romanian nationalism
138:Dionisie Eclesiarhul
20:Dionisie Eclesiarhul
3805:People from Craiova
3790:Romanian archivists
3620:Romanian memoirists
3503:Picătura de istorie
3462:George Ionescu-Gion
3408:, Ion C. Chițimia,
3373:Editura Paralela 45
3029:Cernovodeanu, p. 12
2870:Convorbiri Literare
2834:Convorbiri Literare
2369:Epure, pp. 386, 388
1911:Cernovodeanu, p. 10
1736:for his own novel,
1677:double-headed eagle
1575:Cotroceni Monastery
1498:Dionysios of Fourna
1479:Cotroceni Monastery
1361:Alexander Mourouzis
1331:comparative history
1305:First French Empire
1241:Russian imperialism
1186:Ienăchiță Văcărescu
1087:George Ionescu-Gion
1083:Nicholas Mavrogenes
1022:murea de se stingea
998:Constantin Negruzzi
973:Romanian literature
758:Cotroceni Monastery
439:, which signaled a
307:Constantin Hangerli
291:Nicholas Mavrogenes
164:, also credited as
44:Dumitru or Dimitrie
3760:Romanian engravers
3685:Wallachian scribes
3499:Răzvan Theodorescu
3020:Djuvara, pp. 72–73
1698:Kingdom of Romania
1681:Cantacuzino family
1583:Șerban Cantacuzino
1418:Bistrița Monastery
1357:Alexandros Soutzos
1297:Holy Roman Emperor
1202:Ion Luca Caragiale
1162:Constantin Caracaș
1146:science of history
1018:Wallachian dialect
969:
932:Alexandros Soutzos
875:Battle of Waterloo
865:, arriving in the
825:and his rebels of
805:
778:Dionisie Cozăianul
754:Dealul Mitropoliei
673:Holy Roman Emperor
519:
461:Râmnic Archdiocese
418:tributary polities
252:Râmnic Archdiocese
189:Wallachian Princes
177: 1740 – 1820
170:Dionisie Cozăianul
3775:Romanian printers
3529:978-973-50-4881-5
3418:Editura Academiei
3400:Editura Meridiane
3381:978-973-47-0552-8
2806:Georgescu, p. 187
2654:Georgescu, p. 187
1867:Șerban Cioculescu
1717:as its curator.
1702:National Archives
1585:, and Mourouzis.
1321:Egyptian campaign
1281:Douanier Rousseau
1228:, acquired from "
1121:French Revolution
1028:for "secret" and
882:Bucovăț Monastery
770:Dimitrie Cantemir
727:Osman Pazvantoğlu
675:(whom he knew as
657:Michael the Brave
642:zugrav de subțire
596:Treaty of Sistova
539:Habsburg monarchy
468:Romanian Cyrillic
368:Șerban Cioculescu
268:Osman Pazvantoğlu
135:
134:
3847:
3745:Heraldic artists
3700:Baroque painters
3325:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3122:
3116:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2909:Izvoare narative
2902:
2896:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2786:Editura Eminescu
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2496:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2419:Telegraful Român
2411:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2393:Editura Eminescu
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2351:Bucur, pp. 83–84
2349:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2144:Revista Istorică
2140:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1872:România Literară
1864:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1726:Romanian Academy
1722:communist regime
1526:Brâncovenesc art
1518:Bucegi Mountains
1494:Romanian context
1471:
1459:
1448:Govora Monastery
1435:
1413:
1237:Eastern question
1206:Mateiu Caragiale
1182:Alexandru Vilara
809:Caragea's plague
697:
694:
661:Nicolae Bălcescu
568:Habsburg Hungary
560:Imperial Russian
557:
360:Horezu Monastery
264:Habsburg Hungary
213:Eastern Orthodox
178:
175:
113:
112: 1770–1820
110:
76:
73:
51:
48:
30:
16:
15:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3840:Anti-Ottomanism
3600:Oral historians
3535:
3534:
3533:
3388:Magazin Istoric
3333:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3132:
3123:
3119:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2903:
2899:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2757:Viitorul Social
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:Djuvara, p. 315
2626:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2497:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:Boia, pp. 88–90
2083:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:Boia, pp. 88–89
2016:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1865:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1825:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1689:
1669:Wallachian Bird
1665:heraldic beasts
1630:Dositei Filitti
1530:Năstase Negrule
1514:bird's-eye view
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1414:
1403:
1344:Napoleonic Wars
1174:Michael Soutzos
1166:Dionisie Fotino
1154:
1125:French nobility
1065:. As historian
1010:Prosper Mérimée
957:
952:
867:Austrian Empire
802:Barbu Iscovescu
786:
731:Napoleonic Wars
695:
630:The Virgin Mary
588:
555:
496:Ottoman Turkish
472:Church Slavonic
404:Ștefan Racoviță
376:Naum Râmniceanu
336:
331:
272:Napoleonic Wars
246:, finishing he
205:tributary state
176:
140:, also spelled
111:
78:
74:
52:
49:
45:
36:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Naïve painters
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3532:
3531:
3517:
3496:
3484:
3473:
3459:
3452:Vlad Georgescu
3449:
3442:
3421:
3406:Alexandru Dima
3403:
3392:
3383:
3367:Bogdan Bucur,
3365:
3351:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3317:
3305:
3295:Alexandru Piru
3287:
3278:
3269:
3267:Simota, p. 283
3260:
3251:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3011:Sorescu, p. 14
3004:
2995:
2986:
2973:
2964:
2962:Sorescu, p. 14
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2926:Sorescu, p. 14
2919:
2905:Mihai Ungheanu
2897:
2884:
2882:Simota, p. 283
2875:
2865:Lazăr Șăineanu
2857:
2848:
2839:
2821:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2770:
2761:
2745:
2743:Simota, p. 283
2736:
2723:
2714:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2636:Sorescu, p. 14
2629:
2620:
2607:
2605:Sorescu, p. 14
2598:
2596:Simota, p. 283
2589:
2580:
2567:
2565:Simota, p. 282
2558:
2549:
2540:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2431:Simota, p. 283
2424:
2406:
2404:Simota, p. 283
2397:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2225:Sorescu, p. 14
2218:
2201:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2126:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2035:Simota, p. 283
2028:
2019:
2010:
1997:
1995:Simota, p. 283
1988:
1979:
1970:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1926:
1913:
1904:
1902:Djuvara, p. 24
1895:
1886:
1884:Sorescu, p. 14
1877:
1852:
1850:Simota, p. 282
1843:
1841:Simota, p. 282
1834:
1784:
1775:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1688:
1685:
1649:genre painting
1645:nemți cu coadă
1473:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1453:
1450:register, 1797
1437:
1430:
1429:
1426:Nectarie, 1796
1415:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1386:Ottoman Sultan
1285:Mihai Ungheanu
1190:Westernization
1170:Dinicu Golescu
1153:
1150:
1109:Alexandru Dima
1067:Vlad Georgescu
1063:Alecu Beldiman
1014:Romanian lexis
1000:'s in 1840 as
956:
955:Generic traits
953:
951:
948:
785:
782:
702:. He became a
618:, and finally
592:Râmnicu Vâlcea
587:
584:
335:
332:
330:
327:
299:Russian Empire
295:Westernization
240:married priest
209:Ottoman Empire
133:
132:
119:
115:
114:
106:
102:
101:
100:
99:
96:
93:
88:
84:
83:
69:
65:
64:
42:
38:
37:
31:
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3852:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:973-577-222-1
3512:
3508:
3505:. Bucharest:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3487:Marin Sorescu
3485:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3468:. Bucharest:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3441:
3440:973-28-0523-4
3437:
3433:
3430:. Bucharest:
3429:
3425:
3424:Neagu Djuvara
3422:
3419:
3416:. Bucharest:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3360:. Bucharest:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3300:Contemporanul
3296:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
3002:Sorescu, p. 3
2999:
2993:Sorescu, p. 3
2990:
2983:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2953:Sorescu, p. 3
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2895:, pp. 35, 123
2894:
2888:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2803:
2797:Sorescu, p. 3
2794:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:Gheorghe Zane
2774:
2768:Sorescu, p. 3
2765:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2718:
2711:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2617:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:Paul Păltănea
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2360:Epure, p. 387
2357:
2348:
2339:
2333:Sorescu, p. 3
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2243:Sorescu, p. 3
2240:
2231:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2192:
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2186:
2184:
2174:
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2130:
2123:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2044:Sorescu, p. 3
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1977:Sorescu, p. 3
1974:
1967:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
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1658:
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1637:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:floral motifs
1591:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:Paul Păltănea
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:Byzantine art
1480:
1476:
1470:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1401:Visual artist
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
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1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
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1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
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1277:
1276:Nicolae Iorga
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
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1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
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1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:Gheorghe Zane
1149:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
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1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Zilot Românul
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:field marshal
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Middle French
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
966:
961:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
921:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:șarpe veninat
899:
895:
891:
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883:
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876:
872:
868:
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849:
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828:
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759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
712:
708:(founder) of
707:
706:
701:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
638:Archimandrite
635:
631:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
553:
548:
544:
543:typhoid fever
540:
536:
535:Imperial Army
532:
528:
524:
516:
511:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:, as well as
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
426:Hellenization
423:
419:
415:
414:
409:
408:Neagu Djuvara
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Great Banship
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Vâlcea County
345:
341:
340:Marin Sorescu
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
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245:
241:
236:
234:
233:Great Banship
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:Hellenization
194:
190:
186:
182:
171:
167:
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159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
127:
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116:
107:
103:
97:
94:
91:
90:
89:
85:
81:
70:
66:
63:
59:
58:Vâlcea County
55:
43:
39:
34:
29:
24:
17:
3550:1820s deaths
3545:1740s births
3520:
3502:
3490:
3480:
3476:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3427:
3413:
3395:
3386:
3368:
3357:
3345:
3341:
3340:, "Caietele
3320:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3120:
3110:
3105:
3096:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2878:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2756:
2753:Dan Berindei
2748:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2502:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2417:
2409:
2400:
2388:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2173:
2164:
2156:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2129:
2121:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2058:
2053:Bucur, p. 68
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1870:
1846:
1837:
1827:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1751:
1744:Florea Firan
1737:
1733:
1719:
1706:
1690:
1683:of boyars).
1644:
1633:
1623:
1617:to withered
1587:
1571:John Caradja
1552:
1545:
1542:
1506:
1487:
1475:John Caradja
1441:
1421:
1416:Portrait of
1392:
1377:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1326:
1325:
1312:
1288:
1273:
1260:
1234:
1217:
1178:Ionică Tăutu
1155:
1141:
1135:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1078:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1021:
986:Ioan Neculce
980:
970:
946:in Oltenia.
935:
929:
917:
913:
901:
879:
856:
851:
850:
835:Hundred Days
816:
812:
806:
777:
773:
739:
722:
720:
709:
703:
684:
681:John Hunyadi
676:
646:
641:
623:
589:
576:Petrovaradin
564:Transylvania
550:
546:
520:
491:
487:
479:
465:
448:
430:
411:
380:
337:
286:
280:
237:
191:, generally
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
146:Eclisiarchul
145:
141:
137:
136:
98:calligrapher
82:?, Wallachia
3785:Bookbinders
3410:Paul Cornea
3371:. Pitești:
3354:Lucian Boia
3342:Princepelui
3338:Eugen Barbu
2971:Boia, p. 89
2829:George Panu
2587:Boia, p. 88
2342:Boia, p. 88
1752:Hronograful
1748:Dolj County
1734:Hronograful
1730:Eugen Barbu
1707:Hronograful
1579:Radu Mihnea
1534:Picu Pătruț
1502:perspective
1382:catastrophe
1335:determinism
1327:Hronograful
1313:grec romeos
1309:Roman Greek
1289:Hronograful
1261:Hronograful
1255:and hunted
1218:Hronograful
1214:George Panu
981:Hronograful
852:Hronograful
700:Ocnele Mari
696: 1730
649:Radu Mihnea
580:Királyi Vár
488:Stavrofilia
370:argues for
352:Lucian Boia
195:, enforced
154:Ecclesiarch
150:Eclesiarcul
142:Ecleziarhul
75: 1820
50: 1740
3539:Categories
3331:References
3112:Luceafărul
2914:Luceafărul
2414:Antonie P.
1829:Luceafărul
1739:Princepele
1720:Under the
1675:, and the
1317:Louis XVII
1274:Historian
1226:poison gas
1198:Anton Pann
1156:Economist
965:Piscu Mare
914:Hexabiblos
768:a copy of
746:apothecary
716:Mănăilești
504:arithmetic
500:topography
321:and local
315:poison gas
185:Phanariote
181:Wallachian
87:Occupation
77:(aged ≈80)
3509:, 2002.
3434:, 1995.
3432:Humanitas
3375:, 2008.
1754:in 1987.
1661:flamingos
1657:starlings
1606:blue rose
1547:Logothete
1522:naive art
1389:Selim III
1329:pioneers
1224:had used
1132:Louis XVI
1051:serascher
1030:feldmașar
1020:(such as
894:Țânțăreni
842:Alexander
827:Ada Kaleh
823:Receb Ağa
762:Ferestreu
625:Logothete
608:Drăgășani
552:Logothete
531:Bucharest
513:Monks of
457:Hieromonk
413:hospodars
356:Stoenești
329:Biography
323:naive art
319:Byzantine
283:Bucharest
179:), was a
126:biography
122:Chronicle
62:Wallachia
54:Stoenești
3479:(eds.),
3139:Buridava
2984:, p. 125
2819:, p. 124
2712:, p. 124
2618:, p. 125
2578:, p. 124
2075:, p. 124
2008:, p. 124
1590:initials
1559:Costești
1340:fatalism
1253:pastrami
1104:Caimacam
919:Paharnic
858:Efimeris
792:The old
735:Napoleon
612:Bistrița
600:Strehaia
449:pomelnic
391:Moldavia
344:Pietrari
276:Napoleon
162:Dimitrie
156:", born
3472:, 1891.
3420:, 1968.
3402:, 1982.
3364:, 1976.
3312:Barbu,
2734:, p. 15
2536:Înainte
1937:, p. 13
1924:, p. 13
1653:angling
1635:Hegumen
1615:daisies
1611:Baroque
1598:chicory
1516:of the
1446:in the
1423:Hegumen
1373:Arnauts
1293:Leopold
1249:Kalmyks
1194:Balkans
977:novella
936:ktitors
898:Sutești
890:Meteora
886:Varlaam
831:Pandurs
818:Stolnic
798:Craiova
784:Old age
774:Divanul
766:Gorgani
677:Zicmond
653:serfdom
537:of the
527:Craiova
484:Serbian
453:Dobrușa
383:Oltenia
364:Tismana
311:Kalmyks
260:Craiova
248:Dobrușa
229:Oltenia
207:of the
158:Dumitru
80:Craiova
3527:
3513:
3492:Ramuri
3477:et al.
3438:
3379:
3344:", in
3314:passim
3053:et al.
3040:et al.
2982:et al.
2911:", in
2893:et al.
2817:et al.
2788:, 1980
2782:Studii
2732:et al.
2710:et al.
2616:et al.
2576:et al.
2504:Ramuri
2395:, 1985
2216:, 2010
2073:et al.
2006:et al.
1966:et al.
1935:et al.
1922:et al.
1771:et al.
1724:, the
1687:Legacy
1619:irises
1536:, and
1510:spruce
1394:Kapucu
1257:Jewish
1230:Hindia
1204:, and
1184:, and
1048:, and
1045:meidan
1026:siclet
925:thaler
906:cramps
742:Urșani
705:ktitor
679:) and
620:Arnota
616:Govora
604:Sadova
515:Sadova
502:) and
480:sârbie
445:scribe
244:scribe
193:Greeks
152:("the
130:memoir
105:Period
95:scribe
3347:Vatra
2980:Dima
2891:Dima
2815:Dima
2730:Dima
2708:Dima
2614:Dima
2574:Dima
2197:Argeș
2071:Dima
2004:Dima
1933:Dima
1920:Dima
1758:Notes
1673:lions
1641:queue
1602:poppy
1557:, in
1554:skete
1492:in a
1210:Porte
1039:nazâr
1032:for "
711:skete
685:Ianoș
556:'
490:, as
476:Latin
422:Porte
399:Greek
385:(the
372:Cozia
303:boyar
148:, or
118:Genre
3525:ISBN
3511:ISBN
3436:ISBN
3377:ISBN
1573:for
1544:was
1440:Iѡ (
1333:and
1129:King
839:Tsar
632:and
572:Buda
566:and
529:and
431:The
168:and
92:Monk
68:Died
41:Born
1420:'s
1352:.
1139:sic
1054:).
888:on
848:.
844:'s
796:in
772:'s
714:in
482:, "
160:or
3541::
3501:,
3464:,
3426:,
3356:,
2780:,
2481:^
2182:^
1855:^
1787:^
1671:,
1600:,
1581:,
1532:,
1442:Io
1384::
1295:,
1200:,
1180:,
1176:,
1172:,
1168:,
1164:,
1042:,
1004:'
912:'
737:.
693:c.
671:,
614:,
582:.
470:,
346:,
325:.
174:c.
172:;
144:,
128:,
124:,
109:c.
72:c.
60:,
56:,
47:c.
1444:)
1311:(
691:(
683:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
