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156:, the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel, although retaining its
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chrome, particularly for a convertible. On North
American vehicles in particular, this trend lingered on until the late-1980s, which still featured dashboards with wood and fake chrome embellishment along with square instruments – long after European and Japanese manufacturers had long embraced a plainer, more functional and austere approach for dashboard and instrument panel design.
361:. Today most family vehicles have warning lights instead of voltmeters or oil pressure gauges in their dashboard instrument clusters, though sports cars often have proper gauges for performance purposes and driver appeasement along with larger trucks, mainly to monitor system function during heavy usage such as towing or off-road usage.
767:
The 2009 Lexus LFA was one of the first cars to use a modern LCD screen. Lexus claimed a digital speedometer was required since an analogue tachometer wouldn't be able to keep up with the rev changes of the car's engine. This statement however was mainly marketing-driven; there is no technical reason
727:
For the 2011 model year, Chrysler began using a common dashboard across their model line that has an integrated trip computer in addition to the analog gauges. This trip computer can also be used to show a digital speedometer, making these hybrid digital-analog dashboards. the speedometer needle to
566:
Digital units received information from a variety of sensors installed throughout the engine and transmission, while traditional analog units were attached to a cable that provided information from the transmission. Modern analog displays receive information in the same manner as the digital units,
694:
have a "two-tier" instrument panel. The upper digital dashboard with white numbers against a blue screen (the latter of which changes to green according to driving habits), digital fuel and temperature gauges. The lower dashboard has an analog tachometer and digital odometer. The 10th and present
352:
have included fuel-economy gauges in some instrument clusters, showing fuel mileage in real time, which was limited mainly to luxury vehicles and later, hybrids. Following a focus on increasing fuel economy in the late 2000s along with increased technology, most vehicles in the 2010s now come with
309:
In the 1940s through the 1960s, American car manufacturers and their imitators designed aesthetically shaped instruments on a dashboard accented with chrome and transparent plastic, which could be less readable, but was often thought to be more stylish. Sunlight could cause a bright glare on the
698:
Since the mid-2010s and early 2020s, fully customizable digital instrument clusters have become popular. The modern implementation allows the driver to choose which information to project where and how in the instrument cluster, such as navigation aid, connected phone information and blind spot
332:
In recent years, spurred on by the growing aftermarket use of dash kits, many automakers have taken the initiative to add more stylistic elements to their dashboards. One prominent example of this is the
Chevrolet Sonic which offers both exterior (e.g., a custom graphics package) and interior
713:
Vehicle instruments have been augmented by software-powered display panels conveying information on display panels. Digital instruments present data in the form of numeric parameters, textual messages, or graphical gauges. Unlike the electro-mechanical instrument clusters of the past, these
503:
was the first
European hatchback to have a digital dashboard. Many vehicles made today have an analog speedometer paired with the latter in digital form. In the late 1980s into the early 1990s, General Motors had touch-screen CRTs with features such as date books and hands-free cell phone
532:. It is as precise as the number displaced, whereas a gauged speedometer pointer could sweep through an infinite range between its major markings at 10 mph or 20 km/h intervals. The latter provides a sense of continuous acceleration albeit with less
763:
introduced one of the first high resolution LCD displays used on a production vehicle. A trend setter that would be taken seriously by mainstream manufacturers on years to come and become a selling point of consideration during the next following decade.
891:
145:, and applied to sleighs) dates from 1847. Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use.
1267:
539:
The first digital instrument clusters were considered to be unpopular during the years when they were widely produced, and were heavily criticized by reviewers in automotive magazines. Some of the criticism they received was as follows:
554:
As a result of these issues, digital instrument panels were phased out of vehicles throughout the 1990s, and have been replaced with traditional analog gauges in most vehicles (with notable exceptions from French manufacturers
775:
also introduced the first use and largest TFT LCD displays used on a production luxury SUV for the facelifted 2010, and end of the cycle model. A trend setter that would follow further adaptation from other manufacturers.
187:) and instrumentation to show speed, fuel level and oil pressure, the modern dashboard may accommodate a broad array of gauges, and controls as well as information, climate control and entertainment systems.
1263:
218:, ashtray and a cigarette lighter or power outlet – as well as heating and ventilation systems, lighting controls, safety systems, entertainment equipment and information systems, e.g.,
699:
camera view. The customization can also reduce distraction for the driver and allow the manufacturer to use the same hardware in different models while retaining differentiation between models.
799:, in which individual instruments are replaced by various forms of digital readouts. Early uses of instrument clusters often employed LEDs to display analog-type or numeric readings for
1678:
931:
86:. Usually located directly ahead of the driver (or pilot), it displays instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation. An electronic equivalent may be called an
333:
cosmetic upgrades. In addition to OEM dashboard trim and upgrades a number of companies offer domed polyurethane or vinyl applique dash trim accent kits or "dash kits".
787:, and has later introduced it to several other models. The technology has been developed together with the Finnish company Rightware, using its Kanzi software suite.
563:), including those from luxury divisions. However, many vehicles are made today with a standard or optional trip computer located independently from the speedometer.
206:, turn indicators, gearshift position indicator, seat belt warning light, parking-brake warning light, and engine-malfunction lights. Heavy vehicles that feature
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generation saw the two-tier design replaced with a single instrument panel, which in higher tiers is a fully digital and partially customizable design.
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210:, such as trucks and buses will also have gauges to indicate the available air pressure in the braking system. Other features may include a gauge for
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911:
872:
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325:
in consumer electronics, some manufacturers used instruments with digital readouts to make their cars appear more up to date. Some cars use a
141:
to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves. The first known use of the term (hyphenated as
1704:
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This article is about a control panel placed in front of the driver or pilot of a vehicle or small aircraft. For other uses, see
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1679:"An idiosyncratic review of the 2011 Range Rover Autobiography – Intro & Part 1: TFT-LCD Instrument Cluster #rangerover"
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to project the speed of the car onto the windscreen in imitation of fighter aircraft, but in a far less complex display.
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manufactured in the 1980s and 1990s, and were standard on some luxury vehicles at times, including some models made by
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110:
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was the gauge of choice for monitoring the state of the charging system until the 1970s. Later it was replaced by the
264:
One of the safety enhancements of the 1970s was the widespread adoption of padded dashboards. The padding is commonly
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1318:
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Toyota is using electronic instruments for showing the cars parameters for its Yaris/Vitz model, the car employs a
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cars came with a safety dashboard that was flat, raised above knee height, and had all the controls mounted flush.
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have seen applications in several cars, augmenting analog gauges with a digital readout on the windshield glass.
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voltage, indicators for low fuel, low oil pressure, low tire pressure and faults in the airbag (SRS) systems,
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Many modern motorcycles are now equipped with digital speedometers, most often these are sports bikes.
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536:: a gauge reading could only be estimated to the pointer's nearest halfway point between the markings.
463:
The first application of an electronic instrument cluster, in a production automobile, was in the 1976
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20:
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Most digital speedometers have had green numbers displayed on a dark green or black background. The
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207:
1731:"Audi pushing more virtual cockpit clusters with Rightware for next-generation A3, A4, Q7, others"
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152:" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the
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1951:
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They took away the sense of continuous acceleration that is provided by an analog speedometer.
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Article on a 1904 Olds making a coast to coast trip with detailed photo of subject on p. 130.
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OVALNEWS.com – Always fanatical; Occasionally interesting Land Rover & Range Rover News
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735:, is using digital indicators as speedometer for many models in its range, including the
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with available
Cadillac Trip Computer. In the United States they were an option in many
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1229:. Vol. 159, no. 6. New York: Popular Science Publishing. pp. 129–132,
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be too wide, they are relying on the digital speedometer more than the analog gauge.
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1455:
1175:(29th Congress, 2nd Session: House of Representatives Executive Document 52), III.
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When accelerating, digital speedometers generally step through a freeze frame of
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Where the dashboard originally included an array of simple controls (e.g., the
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why an analog needle would not keep up with the (far heavier) engine itself.
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Control panel placed in front of the driver/pilot of a vehicle/small aircraft
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applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn
1972:
1289:"History of Straith Clinic in Birmingham, Dearborn, and West Bloomfield MI"
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637:
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167:, got its name from its dashboard, which was curved like that of a sleigh.
1803:
807:, and other displays. They have been increasingly integrated with various
487:. They included not only a speedometer with a digital readout, but also a
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Electronic instrument clusters are being increasingly common features on
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Whitman, William C.; Johnson, William M.; Tomczyk, John (October 2004).
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134:
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1997:
1946:
1941:
1911:
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that displayed factors like the outdoor temperature, travel direction,
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either real-time or average mileage readouts on their dashboards. The
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with very few manufacturers still using the speedometer cable method.
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604:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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They were hard to see in the strong sunlight or other bright light
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Dashboard instruments displaying various car and engine conditions
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The dashboard design of a
Mercury Grand Marquis from 1992 to 2005
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1982:
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1640:"15 of the Greatest Automotive Instrument Clusters of All Time"
1616:"15 of the Greatest Automotive Instrument Clusters of All Time"
1601:"Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Instrument Clusters"
1522:"3rd Generation Toyota Prius – 2010 Pictures and Photo Gallery"
452:
345:
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1977:
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became a standard feature of steering wheels and dashboards.
235:
1315:"Step into the New Automotive Age in the Rear Engine Tucker"
1245:"Signal to Warn Driver That the Emergency Brake Is Engaged"
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interactive displays are much more versatile and flexible.
550:
They were expensive to repair in the event of a malfunction
467:. The first American manufacturer application was the 1978
268:
138:
109:
By analogy, a succinct display of various types of related
71:
369:"Digital dash" redirects here. For the business tool, see
1851:
667:
In the 2000s, digital speedometers were produced in some
337:
1754:"Information in Cab Displays for High-Speed Locomotives"
1705:"Audi builds hi-tech 'virtual cockpit' into the new TT"
1392:
Refrigeration & air conditioning ... – Google Books
1253:, February 1919, page 86 (unlabeled), via Google Books.
724:
to indicate the speed, RPM, fuel level, odometer, etc.
1573:"Audi Virtual Cockpit: What is It and do You Want It?"
878:
Japan: Digital instrument cluster in the cockpit of a
425:
for short, is a set of instrumentation, including the
1388:
1219:
Soule, Gardner (December 1951). Torrey, Volta (ed.).
858:
Germany: Various electronic displays in the cab of a
1491:
Information technology for energy ... – Google Books
1756:. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from
1654:"2010 Range Rover Gets World's Largest TFT Display"
1548:"2016 Honda Civic: Unique Gauge Cluster Works Well"
1141:
1169:Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents, 1846
1142:
1587:"Hyundai's Blindspot View Monitor: Does it work?"
1358:
249:Padded dashboards were advocated in the 1930s by
2255:
364:
275:(PVC) or leather in the case of luxury models.
811:systems and together with the installation of
261:became the first car with a padded dashboard.
1827:
1752:Federal Railroad Administration (July 2005).
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839:France: Full view of the cab controls in an
437:gauges. Many refer to it either simply as a
1460:. Bonnier Corporation. March 1931. p.
519:
1834:
1820:
1186:"What is a dashboard? A complete overview"
643:LCD Tachometer and digital speedometer on
1096:
620:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:in one place is also called a dashboard.
1613:
1487:
1425:The compact disc handbook – Google Books
1421:
1221:"From Coast to Coast in an Old Old Olds"
504:integration built into cars such as the
451:
401:
389:
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300:
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202:, engine coolant temperature gauge, and
190:Contemporary dashboards may include the
174:
163:The first mass-produced automobile, the
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25:
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790:
456:Digital instrument cluster from a 1984
271:, while the surface is commonly either
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1173:United States Congressional Serial Set
977:The driving machine interface used by
897:Russia: Engineer at the controls of a
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1728:
1702:
1346:from the original on 21 February 2017
1295:from the original on 25 February 2009
1218:
1137:
1135:
394:High resolution digital dashboard in
225:
170:
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1163:participating institution membership
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1729:Singh, Sarbjeet (14 October 2015).
957:United States: Control stand in an
773:third generation Range Rover (L322)
13:
1132:
1033:Data and information visualization
14:
2285:
2195:Automobile auxiliary power outlet
1779:
1422:Pohlmann, Ken C. (January 1989).
433:rather than with the traditional
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1850:Part of a series of articles on
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1048:GM Instrument Cluster Settlement
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294:Stylised dashboard from a 1980s
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1703:Gibbs, Samuel (29 March 2014).
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1514:
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1270:from the original on 2014-03-09
1121:from the original on 2007-09-29
1083:Vehicular communication systems
383:-Menu on Audi virtual cockpit,
1614:Campbell, Bryan (2019-10-24).
1332:
1307:
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937:United Kingdom: Mockup of the
125:Horse-drawn carriage dashboard
1:
1907:Electronic instrument cluster
1802:The dictionary definition of
1546:Hellwig, Ed (March 9, 2016).
1089:
415:electronic instrument cluster
365:Electronic instrument cluster
88:electronic instrument cluster
1867:Automotive navigation system
1524:. Toyota.com. Archived from
1488:Capehart, Barney L. (2004).
917:Switzerland: Interior of an
779:In 2014, Audi launched its '
396:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)
278:In the early and mid-1990s,
116:
7:
1993:Electronic throttle control
1395:. Thomson Delmar Learning.
1196:, Inc. 2024. Archived from
990:
703:Automotive head-up displays
600:the claims made and adding
443:digital instrument cluster.
429:, that is displayed with a
408:Honda Civic, 8th generation
10:
2290:
2039:Automatic vehicle location
722:vacuum fluorescent display
447:
371:Dashboard (disambiguation)
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286:Fashion in instrumentation
104:digital instrument cluster
21:Dashboard (disambiguation)
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2274:Horse-drawn vehicle parts
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1965:
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1150:Oxford English Dictionary
761:2007 Lamborghini Reventon
1073:Saab Information Display
755:High resolution displays
731:The French manufacturer
520:Advantages and drawbacks
419:digital instrument panel
92:digital instrument panel
1872:Automotive night vision
1340:"Chevrolet Accessories"
1264:"Ever Gave Such Safety"
1155:Oxford University Press
813:multi-function displays
708:
659:LCD Tachometer Settings
495:and distance to empty (
406:Digital speedometer in
313:With the advent of the
1107:"Dictionary entry for
939:British Rail Class 700
923:Swiss Federal Railways
815:, have simplified the
460:
410:
399:
387:
336:Manufacturers such as
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298:
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165:Oldsmobile Curved Dash
126:
35:
32:Bentley Continental GT
2054:Remote keyless system
1342:. www.chevrolet.com.
1291:. straithclinic.com.
501:Renault 11 Electronic
455:
413:In an automobile, an
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381:Multi Media Interface
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304:
293:
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154:Daimler Stahlradwagen
129:Originally, the word
124:
29:
2269:Dashboard head units
1794:at Wikimedia Commons
1476:digital speedometer.
1063:In car entertainment
864:ICE high-speed lines
791:Railway applications
465:Aston Martin Lagonda
1575:. 13 February 2018.
1153:(Online ed.).
506:Oldsmobile Toronado
439:digital speedometer
150:horseless carriages
100:digital speedometer
30:The dashboard of a
1902:Check engine light
1882:Blind spot monitor
1642:. 24 October 2019.
1494:. Fairmont Press.
1068:List of auto parts
1038:Flight instruments
585:possibly contains
461:
411:
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307:
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273:polyvinyl chloride
226:Padding and safety
220:navigation systems
181:
171:Dashboard features
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2250:
2159:Glove compartment
2113:Child safety lock
1790:Media related to
1763:on March 20, 2017
1370:carsfromitaly.net
1161:(Subscription or
805:electrical gauges
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587:original research
255:Claire L. Straith
216:glove compartment
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602:inline citations
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946:
935:
926:
915:
906:
901:train from the
895:
886:
876:
867:
856:
847:
837:
801:pressure gauges
793:
781:virtual cockpit
711:
669:hybrid vehicles
666:
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
657:
649:
648:
641:
626:
615:
609:
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591:
579:
575:
522:
450:
431:digital readout
374:
367:
327:head-up display
288:
257:. In 1948, the
228:
173:
119:
64:central console
62:set within the
24:
17:
12:
11:
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2149:Center console
2146:
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2137:Other elements
2134:
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2110:
2105:
2100:
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2020:
2018:Steering wheel
2015:
2013:Power steering
2010:
2005:
2003:Manettino dial
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:Cruise control
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
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1954:
1949:
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1939:
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1932:Radar detector
1929:
1927:Parking sensor
1924:
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1780:External links
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998:Air core gauge
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903:Siemens Desiro
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809:cab signalling
792:
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2164:Molded carpet
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Parking brake
2006:
2004:
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1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1957:Trip computer
1955:
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1948:
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1877:Backup camera
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1808:at Wiktionary
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1596:
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1528:on 2008-08-29
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1503:
1501:9780881734508
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1321:on 2010-12-04
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1200:on 2024-03-30
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1043:Glass cockpit
1041:
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1023:Control stand
1021:
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1018:Control panel
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819:and improved
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689:
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677:Honda Insight
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603:
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589:
588:
583:This section
581:
572:
571:
568:
564:
562:
558:
549:
546:
543:
542:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:whole numbers
517:
515:
511:
510:Buick Riviera
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:trip computer
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
459:
454:
445:
444:
440:
436:
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424:
420:
416:
409:
404:
397:
392:
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382:
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372:
362:
360:
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350:Mercedes-Benz
347:
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328:
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320:
316:
311:
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297:
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223:
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197:
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188:
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177:
168:
166:
161:
160:common name.
159:
155:
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146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
123:
114:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
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81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:control panel
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:(also called
41:
33:
28:
22:
2153:
1973:Bowden cable
1849:
1842:Car interior
1804:
1765:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1709:The Guardian
1708:
1698:
1687:. Retrieved
1685:. 2011-02-25
1682:
1673:
1662:. Retrieved
1660:. 2009-04-08
1657:
1648:
1634:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
1609:
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1581:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1490:
1483:
1475:
1470:– via
1465:. Retrieved
1456:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1424:
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1391:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:the original
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1258:
1248:
1240:
1224:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:the original
1189:
1180:
1168:
1148:
1123:. Retrieved
1108:
961:operated by
860:DB Class 407
794:
778:
770:
766:
758:
730:
726:
719:
716:
712:
701:
697:
681:
673:Toyota Prius
665:
616:
607:
584:
565:
553:
538:
523:
514:Buick Reatta
496:
493:fuel economy
462:
442:
438:
423:digital dash
422:
418:
414:
412:
335:
331:
312:
308:
277:
266:polyurethane
263:
248:
229:
189:
182:
162:
147:
142:
130:
128:
106:
103:
99:
96:digital dash
95:
91:
87:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
37:
2183:Convenience
2174:Vehicle mat
2123:Rumble seat
2108:Bucket seat
2064:VIN etching
2044:Immobiliser
1937:Speedometer
1887:Boost gauge
1860:Instruments
1737:22 December
1714:22 December
1620:Gear Patrol
1366:"Fiat Tipo"
1190:tableau.com
1144:"dashboard"
963:Metro-North
883:E531 series
692:Honda Civic
690:generation
530:sample rate
427:speedometer
385:Audi TT Mk3
296:Lancia Beta
192:speedometer
111:visual data
2264:Auto parts
2258:Categories
2200:Cup holder
2144:Boot liner
2103:Bench seat
2027:Anti-theft
1998:Gear stick
1947:Telematics
1942:Tachometer
1912:Fuel gauge
1792:Dashboards
1689:2022-10-13
1664:2022-10-13
1625:2022-10-13
1532:2009-12-08
1507:2009-12-08
1467:2009-12-08
1441:2009-12-08
1408:2009-12-08
1402:1401837654
1375:2009-12-25
1325:2012-05-27
1274:2012-02-04
1194:Salesforce
1165:required.)
1125:2006-10-11
1090:References
1078:Telematics
959:M8 railcar
943:Thameslink
844:TGV Duplex
817:cab layout
610:April 2017
594:improve it
251:car safety
212:alternator
208:air brakes
204:fuel gauge
196:tachometer
143:dash-board
84:spacecraft
2205:Car phone
2169:Sun visor
2154:Dashboard
2128:Seat belt
2059:Smart key
1952:Tell-tale
1767:March 18,
1557:April 24,
1171:, 81, in
1167:; citing
1109:dashboard
1053:Head unit
1008:Car audio
899:Lastochka
823:with the
645:Lexus LFA
598:verifying
534:precision
458:Dodge 600
359:voltmeter
259:Tucker 48
230:In 1937,
131:dashboard
117:Etymology
40:dashboard
2223:Category
1966:Controls
1922:Odometer
1897:Carputer
1658:Jalopnik
1344:Archived
1293:Archived
1268:Archived
1119:Archived
1013:Carputer
1003:Binnacle
991:See also
941:cab for
921:for the
825:engineer
481:Chrysler
477:Cadillac
253:pioneer
244:Plymouth
232:Chrysler
200:odometer
135:carriage
80:aircraft
2233:Commons
2098:Armrest
2082:Seating
1552:Edmunds
1204:10 July
1028:Dashcam
919:IC 2000
905:family.
880:JR East
785:Audi TT
733:Citroën
592:Please
561:Citroën
557:Renault
485:Lincoln
448:History
398:S63 AMG
355:ammeter
280:airbags
158:archaic
76:cockpit
68:vehicle
58:) is a
2243:Portal
2093:Airbag
2077:Safety
1983:Clutch
1892:Buzzer
1498:
1432:
1399:
435:analog
346:Toyota
242:, and
240:DeSoto
139:sleigh
78:of an
56:fascia
2190:Audio
2034:Alarm
1978:Brake
1761:(PDF)
1350:4 May
1299:4 May
1159:
983:ERTMS
783:' on
441:or a
342:Honda
236:Dodge
74:, or
66:of a
54:, or
1852:cars
1805:dash
1769:2017
1739:2015
1716:2015
1559:2017
1496:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1352:2018
1301:2018
1206:2024
981:and
979:ETCS
862:for
846:set.
841:SNCF
771:The
759:The
747:and
709:LCDs
686:and
675:and
559:and
512:and
483:and
348:and
321:and
269:foam
72:boat
44:dash
1231:258
688:9th
684:8th
596:by
497:DTE
421:or
338:BMW
323:LCD
319:LED
315:VFD
137:or
102:or
82:or
50:or
2260::
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