33:
56:
412:
400:
374:
is probably the best studied group within the calyptraeids. A variety of species are commonly used in developmental, ecological, and behavioral research. They have been the major focus of research on protandrous sex-change in marine invertebrates and have been used to demonstrate that sex change is
390:
Due to their simple shells and plastic morphology, calyptraeid taxonomy is challenging. In many cases distinct species with similar-looking shells have been lumped into a single species with either global or unusual distributions. In these cases close examination of the mode of development or of
1840:- Native to the east coast of North America and ranging from Florida north into Canada. This species is now widespread and considered highly invasive along the north coast of Spain and France, along much of England's coastline and into the North Sea. It has also been reported from
391:
DNA data is vital to verify the species identity. Because such taxonomic lumping is difficult to clear from the internet or from the literature many species range estimates available on the internet include dubious data or data from species that have been taken out of synonymy.
2015:
1970:
Collin, Rachel; McLellan, Michelle; Gruber, Karl F.; Bailey-Jourdain, Catherine. 2005. Effects of
Conspecific Associations on Size at Sex Change in Three Species of Calyptraeid Gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1:
416:
2574:
Hoagland K.E. 1983. Notes on type specimens of
Crepidula (Prosobranchia: Calyptraeidae) in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 135:
2530:
Collin, R. 2002. Another Last Word on
Crepidula Convexa With a Description of C. Ustulatulina N. Sp. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) From the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1:
404:
1980:
Collin, Rachel. 1995. Sex, size, and position: a test of models predicting size at sex change in the protandrous gastropod crepidula fornicata. The
American Naturalist, 146(6): 815-831.
1693:
but have subsequently been removed from the genus on the basis of work by Bruce
Marshall of the Te Papa Museum and Rachel Collin of the Smithsonian Institution include the following:
1961:
Mérot, Claire; Collin, Rachel. 2012. Effects of food availability on sex change in two species of
Crepidula (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449: 173-181.
2102:
Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine
Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
920:
1943:
Collin, Rachel. 2003. The
Utility of Morphological Characters in Gastropod Phylogenetics: An Example From the Calyptraeidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4: 541–593
2524:
Collin, R. 2003. The
Utility of Morphological Characters in Gastropod Phylogenetics: An Example From the Calyptraeidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4: 541–593
1952:
Henry, Jonathan J.; Collin, Rachel; Perry, Kimberly J.. 2010. The
Slipper Snail, Crepidula: An emerging Lophotrochozoan model system. Biological Bulletin, 218(3): 211-229.
2527:
Collin, R. 2003. Phylogenetic Relationships Among Calyptraeid Gastropods and Their Implications for the Biogeography of Marine Speciation. Systematic Biology, 5: 618–640.
2037:
1412:
1376:
2534:
Collin, R. 2000. Phylogeny of the Crepidula plana (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) cryptic species complex in North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 78: 1500–1514.
1436:
1424:
1132:
588:
540:
532:
1510:
1388:
942:
732:
700:
505:
449:
1078:
652:
513:
42:
1727:
1669:
1234:
1222:
804:
780:
724:
676:
668:
572:
556:
465:
1400:
772:
708:
684:
628:
564:
2428:(d'Orbigny, 1841). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2411:(Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2275:(Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
1735:
612:
604:
457:
367:. If only the shells are examined this difference is not apparent. This distinction is supported by DNA sequence data from 3 genes (COI, 16S and 28S).
2496:
Defrance, 1818. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
1719:
812:
756:
2462:
Lamarck, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2360:(Mörch, 1877). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2343:
Michaud, 1829. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2241:
Conrad, 1844. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
692:
441:
2085:
Reeve, 1859. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2065:
Dall, 1927. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2742:
1656:
1542:
1448:
1364:
1090:
355:
are based on both DNA sequence data as well as anatomical work. Dissections of various calyptraeids show that species that are now placed in
2781:
2855:
2561:
European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification
2716:
2755:
2036:
in North America: its taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution. unpublished Florida State Univ. thesis". Retrieved on May 2009.
2760:
2580:
2553:
2817:
2786:
1930:
Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Crepidula Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2768:
2143:
2664:
2651:
375:
environmentally mediated (the timing of sex change depends on association with other individual snails).
1815:
to capture microalgae from suspension, but there is some evidence that small juveniles can also use the
2669:
1298:
55:
2850:
2822:
2539:
Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae
2029:
584:(Linnaeus, 1758) - Common slipper shell, common Atlantic slippersnail, boat shell, quarterdeck shell.
2514:
2497:
2480:
2463:
2446:
2429:
2412:
2395:
2378:
2361:
2344:
2327:
2310:
2293:
2276:
2259:
2242:
2225:
2208:
2191:
2174:
2120:
2103:
2086:
2066:
1931:
1877:
1758:
1608:
1210:
1194:
1160:
908:
834:
2559:
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001).
2845:
2591:
2173:
Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
1276:
1144:
882:
796:
324:
2799:
2747:
2809:
2794:
1911:
1634:
1332:
1066:
1034:
788:
154:
32:
2573:
2690:
2638:
1811:
Like all calyptraeids, slipper snails are sedentary filter-feeders. Adults use their large
1320:
974:
846:
748:
620:
489:
481:
8:
2629:
1836:
1820:
1711:
1172:
998:
986:
660:
644:
596:
580:
473:
377:
2047:
1681:
636:
548:
181:
50:
2677:
2549:
1856:
1849:
1841:
764:
521:
497:
2682:
2152:
1989:
Coe, Wesley R. 1948. Nutrition and sexuality in protandric gastropods of the genus
1783:
433:
2643:
2224:
Brown & Olivares, 1996. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2656:
740:
117:
107:
2773:
1872:
1861:
716:
383:
293:
2134:
2839:
2377:
G. B. Sowerby I, 1824. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
318:
303:
137:
127:
2614:
2002:
Hendler, G. and D. R. Franz. 1971. Population dynamics and life history of
330:
163:
2139:
sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Bocas del Toro Province, Panama"
1868:. This species has been reported from Puget Sound and San Francisco Bay.
387:
are well-studied examples of invasive, exotic species in marine habitats.
2729:
2623:
2513:
Middendorff, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2006:
Say (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in Delaware Bay. Biol. Bul. 141: 514-526.
1865:
1845:
344:
411:
2721:
399:
312:
97:
2156:
2734:
2703:
1893:
296:
289:
67:
2585:
2479:
Collin, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2445:
Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2326:
Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2309:
Conrad, 1846. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2292:
Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2190:
Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2119:
Collin, 2000. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2708:
2608:
1880:. This species is now widespread and considered highly invasive in
1248:
Finlay, 1924 : synonym of Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873) †
87:
2515:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254469
2498:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138964
2481:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387736
2464:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138966
2447:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389787
2430:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532686
2413:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138965
2396:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160230
2394:
Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2379:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397063
2362:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532685
2345:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=180993
2328:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389786
2311:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419704
2294:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389785
2277:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138963
2260:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419703
2258:
Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2243:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532684
2226:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=510048
2209:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160228
2207:
Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2192:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389784
2175:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388656
2121:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419702
2104:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532683
2087:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532682
2067:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532681
1932:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137722
299:
1816:
77:
2695:
1860:- Native to the east coast of North America and ranging from
1889:
1885:
285:
1826:
1881:
1812:
1876:- Native to the Southern coast of California and northern
2563:. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
844:(Gmelin, 1791) sensu Zenetos et al.2004: synonym of
1689:Species that were previously placed in the genus
2837:
2548:. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA).
417:Crepidula immersa, now Maoricypta or Zeacrypta
363:are anatomically very different from the true
2077:
2075:
2126:
306:. This family includes the slipper snails (
469:Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000
351:These recent changes in the definition of
31:
2072:
1446:(A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of
720:G. B. Sowerby I, 1824 - onyx slippersnail
405:Crepidula walshi, now Siphopatella walshi
1468:Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of
410:
398:
245:(unjustified emendation of Syphopatella)
2546:A classification of the living Mollusca
1926:
1924:
1296:Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym for
493:Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004
2838:
2132:
1798:Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of
2590:
2589:
1602:Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of
972:Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of
940:Quoy & Gaimard, 1835: synonym of
1921:
1204:Kuroda & Habe, 1950: synonym of
220:· accepted, alternate representation
2856:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1142:G. B. Sowerby II, 1883: synonym of
13:
1220:Wilkens, 1922 : synonym of †
984:G. B. Sowerby I, 1824: synonym of
14:
2867:
2567:
54:
2503:
2486:
2469:
2452:
2435:
2418:
2401:
2384:
2367:
2350:
2333:
2316:
2299:
2282:
2265:
2248:
2231:
2214:
2197:
2180:
2163:
2109:
2092:
2055:
2041:
2023:
2009:
322:), and cup-and-saucer snails (
251:(incorrect subsequent spelling)
1996:
1983:
1974:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1905:
1756:Middendorff, 1849: synonym of
1592:Dautzenberg, 1912: synonym of
1386:C. B. Adams, 1852: synonym of
1308:Middendorff, 1849: synonym of
1192:Middendorff, 1849: synonym of
921:Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis
1:
1899:
1572:(Broderip, 1834): synonym of
1398:(Broderip, 1834): synonym of
1076:(Broderip, 1834): synonym of
1018:(Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of
822:Species brought into synonymy
210:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
2581:pfds on calyptraeid taxonomy
2541:. Malacologia 16(2): 353-420
2144:Caribbean Journal of Science
1993:. Biol. Bul. 94(3): 158-160.
1884:. It has been reported from
1667:Finlay, 1924: synonym of †
1520:de Serres, 1830: synonym of
1498:Carpenter, 1856: synonym of
1410:d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of
1342:Carpenter, 1864: synonym of
1264:H. C. Lea, 1843: synonym of
1120:de Roissy, 1805: synonym of
856:H. C. Lea, 1842: synonym of
560:Golikov & Kussakin, 1962
7:
1679:(Powell, 1940): synonym of
1628:Philippi, 1887: synonym of
1606:(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
1530:Deshayes, 1833: synonym of
1422:Deshayes, 1830: synonym of
1362:Yokoyama, 1920: synonym of
1318:(Lesson, 1831): synonym of
1254:Defrance, 1818: synonym of
1244:Zittel, 1864: synonym of †
1208:(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
1170:Defrance, 1818: synonym of
1158:(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
1154:Broderip, 1834: synonym of
1130:Gallardo, 1979: synonym of
1088:Philippi, 1849: synonym of
1044:de Folin, 1867: synonym of
1028:Deshayes, 1830: synonym of
996:Deshayes, 1830: synonym of
952:Parenzan, 1970: synonym of
918:Deshayes, 1830: synonym of
906:(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
892:Deshayes, 1830: synonym of
832:(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
10:
2872:
1916:Mém. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris
1806:
1632:Lamarck, 1822: synonym of
1514:(Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
1434:Lamarck, 1822: synonym of
1352:Mabille, 1895: synonym of
1299:Sigapatella novaezelandiae
1064:Lamarck, 1822: synonym of
1032:Lamarck, 1822: synonym of
946:(Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
916:Crepidula calyptraeiformis
536:Brown & Olivares, 1996
394:
2598:
1819:to scrape algae from the
1644:Conrad, 1871: synonym of
1582:Dunker, 1853: synonym of
1552:Turton, 1825: synonym of
1508:Dunker, 1846: synonym of
1478:Dunker, 1852: synonym of
1458:Aradas, 1846: synonym of
1330:Lesson, 1832: synonym of
1218:Crepidula hochstetteriana
1054:Locard, 1886: synonym of
1008:Dunker, 1852: synonym of
866:Dunker, 1846: synonym of
423:Species within the genus
316:), spiny slipper snails (
191:Calyptraea (Syphopatella)
187:
180:
169:
162:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
1827:Introduced and invasive
1766:Grandicrepidula collinae
1654:Reeve, 1859: synonym of
1618:Menke, 1847: synonym of
1562:Hinds, 1844: synonym of
1540:Reeve, 1859: synonym of
1488:Gould, 1846: synonym of
1286:Reeve, 1859: synonym of
1274:Gould, 1846: synonym of
1232:Angas, 1865: synonym of
1110:Reeve, 1859: synonym of
1100:Gould, 1853: synonym of
962:Berry, 1950: synonym of
930:Risso, 1826: synonym of
902:Tryon, 1886: synonym of
880:Gould, 1846: synonym of
876:Reeve, 1859: synonym of
272:, commonly known as the
2133:Collin, Rachel (2005).
1878:Pacific coast of Mexico
1759:Grandicrepidula grandis
1609:Bostrycapulus aculeatus
1518:Crepidula sandaliformis
1413:Crepipatella patagonica
1377:Crepipatella orbiculata
1374:Dall, 1919: synonym of
1340:Crepidula navicelloides
1211:Bostrycapulus aculeatus
1195:Grandicrepidula grandis
1161:Bostrycapulus aculeatus
1002:(G. B. Sowerby I, 1824)
990:(G. B. Sowerby I, 1824)
909:Bostrycapulus aculeatus
835:Bostrycapulus aculeatus
2477:Crepidula ustulatulina
2424:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2390:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2356:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2239:Crepidula cymbaeformis
2237:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2222:Crepidula coquimbensis
2203:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2098:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2081:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
2061:Rosenberg, G. (2010).
1715:- ribbed slipper shell
1486:Crepidula rostriformis
1437:Crepipatella peruviana
1425:Crepipatella peruviana
1277:Crepipatella lingulata
1202:Crepidula gravispinosa
1182:Say, 1822: synonym of
1145:Crepipatella lingulata
1133:Crepipatella peruviana
883:Crepipatella lingulata
797:Crepidula ustulatulina
589:Crepidula glottidiarum
541:Crepidula cymbaeformis
533:Crepidula coquimbensis
420:
408:
2795:Paleobiology Database
2544:Vaught, K.C. (1989).
2537:Hoagland, K.E. 1977.
2460:Crepidula unguiformis
2083:Crepidula aplysioides
1635:Crepipatella dilatata
1622:G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
1580:Crepidula strigellata
1566:G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
1554:Crepidula unguiformis
1532:Crepidula unguiformis
1522:Crepidula unguiformis
1511:Crepipatella capensis
1502:G. B. Sowerby I, 1824
1492:G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
1460:Crepidula unguiformis
1389:Phenacolepas osculans
1333:Crepipatella dilatata
1328:Crepidula nautiloides
1256:Crepidula unguiformis
1122:Crepidula unguiformis
1067:Crepipatella dilatata
1052:Crepidula desmoulinsi
1046:Crepidula unguiformis
1035:Crepipatella dilatata
1020:Crepidula unguiformis
954:Crepidula unguiformis
943:Crepipatella capensis
932:Crepidula unguiformis
900:Crepidula californica
894:Crepidula unguiformis
789:Crepidula unguiformis
733:Crepidula philippiana
701:Crepidula norrisiarum
525:Say, 1822 - synonym:
506:Crepidula cerithicola
450:Crepidula aplysioides
437:G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
414:
402:
2409:Crepidula porcellana
2290:Crepidula intratesta
2220:Bouchet, P. (2010).
2171:Crepidula cachimilla
2137:Crepidula badisparsa
1594:Crepidula porcellana
1408:Crepidula patagonica
1372:Crepidula orbiculata
1321:Maoricrypta monoxyla
1114:(Valenciennes, 1846)
1104:(Valenciennes, 1846)
1079:Crepipatella dorsata
1042:Crepidula deshayesii
975:Maoricrypta monoxyla
890:Crepidula calceolina
868:Crepidula porcellana
847:Bostrycapulus odites
749:Crepidula porcellana
653:Crepidula marginalis
621:Crepidula intratesta
514:Crepidula complanata
490:Crepidula cachimilla
482:Crepidula badisparsa
43:Crepidula neritoides
2341:Crepidula moulinsii
2324:Crepidula margarita
2273:Crepidula fornicata
2117:Crepidula atrasolea
2100:Crepidula argentina
2032:(1965). "The genus
1837:Crepidula fornicata
1762:(Middendorff, 1849)
1728:Crepidula wilckensi
1712:Maoricrypta costata
1670:Maoricrypta radiata
1665:Crepidula wilckensi
1646:Crepidula fornicata
1642:Crepidula virginica
1600:Crepidula tomentosa
1584:Crepidula striolata
1574:Crepidula striolata
1528:Crepidula sandalina
1480:Crepidula fornicata
1456:Crepidula pulchella
1432:Crepidula peruviana
1392:(C. B. Adams, 1852)
1272:Crepidula lingulata
1246:Crepidula wilckensi
1235:Maoricrypta immersa
1223:Maoricrypta radiata
1198:(Middendorff, 1849)
1173:Crepidula moulinsii
1140:Crepidula fissurata
1112:Crepidula perforans
1102:Crepidula perforans
1098:Crepidula explanata
1056:Crepidula moulinsii
1016:Crepidula crepidula
1006:Crepidula costulata
999:Maoricrypta costata
987:Maoricrypta costata
964:Crepidula naticarum
878:Crepidula lingulata
805:Crepidula williamsi
781:Crepidula striolata
725:Crepidula perforans
677:Crepidula navicella
669:Crepidula naticarum
661:Crepidula moulinsii
645:Crepidula margarita
597:Crepidula goreensis
581:Crepidula fornicata
573:Crepidula fimbriata
557:Crepidula derjugini
474:Crepidula atrasolea
466:Crepidula argentina
378:Crepidula fornicata
16:Genus of gastropods
2509:Gofas, S. (2010).
2492:Gofas, S. (2010).
2458:Gofas, S. (2010).
2407:Gofas, S. (2010).
2358:Crepidula navicula
2339:Gofas, S. (2010).
2307:Crepidula maculosa
2271:Gofas, S. (2010).
2256:Crepidula depressa
1800:Crepidula aculeata
1796:Crepidula maculata
1682:Maoricrypta youngi
1630:Crepidula dilatata
1626:Crepidula uncinata
1604:Crepidula aculeata
1506:Crepidula rugulosa
1466:Crepidula rhyssema
1401:Calyptraea pallida
1384:Crepidula osculans
1350:Crepidula nebulata
1344:Crepidula nummaria
1316:Crepidula monoxyla
1310:Crepidula nummaria
1294:Crepidula maculata
1206:Crepidula aculeata
1156:Crepidula aculeata
1152:Crepidula foliacea
1118:Crepidula fasciata
1108:Crepidula exuviata
1062:Crepidula dilatata
1030:Crepidula dilatata
1026:Crepidula depressa
970:Crepidula contorta
938:Crepidula capensis
904:Crepidula aculeata
874:Crepidula bilobata
864:Crepidula adspersa
842:Crepidula aculeata
830:Crepidula aculeata
773:Crepidula rostrata
728:Valenciennes, 1846
709:Crepidula nummaria
685:Crepidula navicula
637:Crepidula maculosa
629:Crepidula lessonii
565:Crepidula excavata
549:Crepidula depressa
421:
409:
2833:
2832:
2592:Taxon identifiers
2511:Crepidula grandis
2494:Crepidula gibbosa
2443:Crepidula pyguaia
2205:Crepidula convexa
2188:Crepidula carioca
2004:Crepidula convexa
1857:Crepidula convexa
1850:Mediterranean Sea
1842:San Francisco Bay
1787:L. A. Reeve, 1859
1754:Crepidula grandis
1739:G. F. Angas, 1867
1736:Crepidula immersa
1709:is a synonym for
1707:Crepidula costata
1550:Crepidula sinuosa
1538:Crepidula scabies
1416:(d'Orbigny, 1841)
1396:Crepidula pallida
1360:Crepidula orbella
1356:C. B. Adams, 1852
1288:Crepidula incurva
1252:Crepidula italica
1242:Crepidula incurva
1230:Crepidula immersa
1190:Crepidula grandis
1184:Crepidula convexa
1168:Crepidula gibbosa
1128:Crepidula fecunda
1074:Crepidula dorsata
1010:Crepidula incurva
994:Crepidula costata
982:Crepidula costata
950:Crepidula cataldi
928:Crepidula candida
858:Crepidula convexa
776:C. B. Adams, 1852
765:Crepidula pyguaia
760:(d'Orbigny, 1841)
613:Crepidula incurva
605:Crepidula huertae
522:Crepidula convexa
509:(C.B.Adams, 1852)
498:Crepidula carioca
458:Crepidula arenata
265:
264:
259:
244:
236:
228:
219:
211:
203:
195:
175:
171:Patella fornicata
158:
2863:
2851:Gastropod genera
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2774:NBNSYS0000174749
2764:
2763:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2659:
2647:
2646:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2587:
2586:
2556:. XII, 195 pp. (
2518:
2507:
2501:
2490:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2456:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2426:Crepidula protea
2422:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2388:
2382:
2371:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2320:
2314:
2303:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2201:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2130:
2124:
2113:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2079:
2070:
2059:
2053:
2052:at Discover Life
2045:
2039:
2027:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1909:
1784:Crepidula walshi
1720:Crepidula youngi
1677:Crepidula youngi
1652:Crepidula walshi
1648:(Linnaeus, 1758)
1620:Crepidula adunca
1616:Crepidula uncata
1570:Crepidula squama
1564:Crepidula adunca
1560:Crepidula solida
1496:Crepidula rugosa
1490:Crepidula adunca
1482:(Linnaeus, 1758)
1476:Crepidula riisei
1420:Crepidula patula
1306:Crepidula minuta
1290:(Broderip, 1834)
1284:Crepidula lirata
1262:Crepidula lamina
1180:Crepidula glauca
1086:Crepidula excisa
1082:(Broderip, 1834)
1012:(Broderip, 1834)
966:Williamson, 1905
924:(Deshayes, 1830)
813:Crepidula wolfae
757:Crepidula protea
752:(Linnaeus, 1758)
704:Williamson, 1905
696:C.B. Adams, 1852
672:Williamson, 1905
632:(Broderip, 1834)
616:(Broderip, 1834)
527:Crepidula glauca
434:Crepidula adunca
257:
242:
234:
226:
217:
215:Crypta (Ianacus)
209:
201:
193:
173:
153:
59:
58:
35:
21:
20:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2594:
2570:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2491:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2457:
2453:
2440:
2436:
2423:
2419:
2406:
2402:
2392:Crepidula plana
2389:
2385:
2372:
2368:
2355:
2351:
2338:
2334:
2321:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2287:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2185:
2181:
2168:
2164:
2131:
2127:
2114:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2080:
2073:
2063:Crepidula aeola
2060:
2056:
2046:
2042:
2030:Ross, Landon T.
2028:
2024:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1922:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1833:
1809:
1746:Grandicrepidula
1638:(Lamarck, 1822)
1590:Crepidula sulin
1470:Crepidula plana
1444:Crepidula plana
1440:(Lamarck, 1822)
1428:(Lamarck, 1822)
1354:Crepidula nivea
1336:(Lamarck, 1822)
1266:Crepidula plana
1136:(Lamarck, 1822)
1070:(Lamarck, 1822)
1038:(Lamarck, 1822)
854:Crepidula acuta
819:
741:Crepidula plana
693:Crepidula nivea
442:Crepidula aeola
397:
357:Grandicrepidula
340:Grandicrepidula
310:), hat snails (
278:slipper limpets
207:Crypta (Ergaea)
176:
152:
118:Littorinimorpha
108:Caenogastropoda
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2814:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2620:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2569:
2568:External links
2566:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2502:
2485:
2475:WoRMS (2010).
2468:
2451:
2441:WoRMS (2010).
2434:
2417:
2400:
2383:
2375:Crepidula onyx
2373:WoRMS (2010).
2366:
2349:
2332:
2322:WoRMS (2010).
2315:
2305:WoRMS (2010).
2298:
2288:WoRMS (2010).
2281:
2264:
2254:WoRMS (2010).
2247:
2230:
2213:
2196:
2186:WoRMS (2010).
2179:
2169:WoRMS (2010).
2162:
2151:(2): 269–276.
2125:
2115:WoRMS (2010).
2108:
2091:
2071:
2054:
2040:
2022:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1973:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1920:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1873:Crepidula onyx
1862:South Carolina
1832:
1825:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:(Gmelin, 1791)
1789:
1788:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1723:(Powell, 1940)
1716:
1687:
1686:
1674:
1673:(Hutton, 1873)
1661:
1649:
1639:
1623:
1613:
1612:(Gmelin, 1791)
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1503:
1500:Crepidula onyx
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1404:Broderip, 1834
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1325:
1324:(Lesson, 1830)
1313:
1303:
1291:
1281:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1227:
1226:(Hutton, 1873)
1215:
1214:(Gmelin, 1791)
1199:
1187:
1177:
1165:
1164:(Gmelin, 1791)
1149:
1137:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1023:
1013:
1003:
991:
979:
978:(Lesson, 1830)
967:
960:Crepidula coei
957:
947:
935:
925:
913:
912:(Gmelin, 1791)
897:
887:
871:
861:
851:
839:
838:(Gmelin, 1791)
826:
825:
823:
818:
817:
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
753:
745:
737:
736:Gallardo, 1977
729:
721:
717:Crepidula onyx
713:
705:
697:
689:
681:
680:(Lesson, 1831)
673:
665:
657:
656:Broderip, 1834
649:
641:
633:
625:
617:
609:
601:
593:
585:
577:
569:
568:Broderip, 1834
561:
553:
545:
537:
529:
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
478:
470:
462:
461:Broderip, 1834
454:
446:
438:
429:
396:
393:
384:Crepidula onyx
302:in the family
282:slipper shells
274:slipper snails
263:
262:
261:
260:
252:
246:
240:Siphonipatella
237:
229:
221:
212:
204:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
174:Linnaeus, 1758
167:
166:
160:
159:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
128:Calyptraeoidea
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Calyptraeidae
2844:
2843:
2841:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
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2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2688:
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2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:0-915826-22-4
2551:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2517:on 2011-01-12
2516:
2512:
2506:
2500:on 2011-01-12
2499:
2495:
2489:
2483:on 2011-01-12
2482:
2478:
2472:
2466:on 2011-01-12
2465:
2461:
2455:
2449:on 2011-01-12
2448:
2444:
2438:
2432:on 2011-01-12
2431:
2427:
2421:
2415:on 2011-01-12
2414:
2410:
2404:
2398:on 2011-01-12
2397:
2393:
2387:
2381:on 2011-01-12
2380:
2376:
2370:
2364:on 2011-01-12
2363:
2359:
2353:
2347:on 2011-01-12
2346:
2342:
2336:
2330:on 2011-01-12
2329:
2325:
2319:
2313:on 2011-01-12
2312:
2308:
2302:
2296:on 2011-01-12
2295:
2291:
2285:
2279:on 2011-01-11
2278:
2274:
2268:
2262:on 2011-01-11
2261:
2257:
2251:
2245:on 2011-01-11
2244:
2240:
2234:
2228:on 2011-01-11
2227:
2223:
2217:
2211:on 2011-01-11
2210:
2206:
2200:
2194:on 2011-01-11
2193:
2189:
2183:
2177:on 2011-01-11
2176:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2123:on 2011-01-11
2122:
2118:
2112:
2106:on 2011-01-11
2105:
2101:
2095:
2089:on 2011-01-11
2088:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2069:on 2011-01-11
2068:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1977:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1934:on 2011-05-21
1933:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
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1701:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1660:(Reeve, 1859)
1659:
1658:
1657:Ergaea walshi
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:Lamarck, 1801
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:Lamarck, 1822
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:(Reeve, 1859)
1545:
1544:
1543:Ergaea walshi
1539:
1536:
1534:Lamarck, 1822
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:Lamarck, 1822
1523:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:Lamarck, 1822
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:(Reeve, 1859)
1451:
1450:
1449:Ergaea walshi
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
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1415:
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1403:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1368:(Reeve, 1859)
1367:
1366:
1365:Ergaea walshi
1361:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
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1334:
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1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:(Gould, 1846)
1279:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:Lamarck, 1822
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:(Angas, 1865)
1237:
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1231:
1228:
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1213:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1200:
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1191:
1188:
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1181:
1178:
1176:Michaud, 1829
1175:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:(Gould, 1846)
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1124:Lamarck, 1822
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:(Reeve, 1859)
1093:
1092:
1091:Ergaea walshi
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1058:Michaud, 1829
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:Lamarck, 1822
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:Lamarck, 1822
1021:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
995:
992:
989:
988:
983:
980:
977:
976:
971:
968:
965:
961:
958:
956:Lamarck, 1822
955:
951:
948:
945:
944:
939:
936:
934:Lamarck, 1822
933:
929:
926:
923:
922:
917:
914:
911:
910:
905:
901:
898:
896:Lamarck, 1822
895:
891:
888:
886:(Gould, 1846)
885:
884:
879:
875:
872:
870:Lamarck, 1801
869:
865:
862:
859:
855:
852:
849:
848:
843:
840:
837:
836:
831:
828:
827:
824:
821:
820:
815:
814:
810:
807:
806:
802:
799:
798:
794:
792:Lamarck, 1822
791:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
734:
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
718:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:
690:
688:(Mörch, 1877)
687:
686:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
670:
666:
664:Michaud, 1829
663:
662:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
630:
626:
623:
622:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
598:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
574:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
558:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
534:
530:
528:
524:
523:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
499:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
475:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
459:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
443:
439:
436:
435:
431:
430:
428:
426:
419:
418:
413:
407:
406:
401:
392:
388:
386:
385:
380:
379:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
346:
341:
337:
333:
332:
328:) as well as
327:
326:
321:
320:
319:Bostrycapulus
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:Calyptraeidae
301:
298:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
256:
253:
250:
247:
243:Agassiz, 1847
241:
238:
233:
230:
225:
222:
216:
213:
208:
205:
200:
197:
192:
189:
188:
186:
183:
179:
172:
168:
165:
161:
156:
151:
150:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Calyptraeidae
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
124:Superfamily:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
45:
44:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2599:
2560:
2545:
2538:
2510:
2505:
2493:
2488:
2476:
2471:
2459:
2454:
2442:
2437:
2425:
2420:
2408:
2403:
2391:
2386:
2374:
2369:
2357:
2352:
2340:
2335:
2323:
2318:
2306:
2301:
2289:
2284:
2272:
2267:
2255:
2250:
2238:
2233:
2221:
2216:
2204:
2199:
2187:
2182:
2170:
2165:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2116:
2111:
2099:
2094:
2082:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1915:
1912:Lamarck J.B.
1907:
1871:
1870:
1855:
1854:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1810:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1775:Siphopatella
1774:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1731:Finlay, 1924
1726:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1685:Powell, 1940
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1380:(Dall, 1919)
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
963:
959:
953:
949:
941:
937:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
903:
899:
893:
889:
881:
877:
873:
867:
863:
857:
853:
850:Collin, 2005
845:
841:
833:
829:
816:Collin, 2019
811:
803:
800:Collin, 2002
795:
787:
779:
771:
768:Simone, 2006
763:
755:
747:
739:
731:
723:
715:
707:
699:
691:
683:
675:
667:
659:
651:
648:Simone, 2006
643:
640:Conrad, 1846
635:
627:
624:Simone, 2006
619:
611:
608:Collin, 2019
603:
600:Gmelin, 1791
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
555:
547:
544:Conrad, 1844
539:
531:
526:
520:
517:Krauss, 1848
512:
504:
501:Simone, 2006
496:
488:
485:Collin, 2005
480:
477:Collin, 2000
472:
464:
456:
448:
440:
432:
424:
422:
415:
403:
389:
382:
376:
371:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
343:
339:
336:Siphopatella
335:
331:Crepipatella
329:
323:
317:
311:
307:
281:
277:
273:
268:
267:
266:
258:Lesson, 1831
255:Syphopatella
254:
249:Siphopatella
248:
239:
231:
223:
214:
206:
198:
194:Lesson, 1831
190:
170:
164:Type species
148:
147:
41:
40:Specimen of
24:
18:
2730:iNaturalist
2624:Wikispecies
1866:New England
1846:Puget Sound
1699:Maoricrypta
1586:Menke, 1851
1576:Menke, 1851
1346:Gould, 1846
1312:Gould, 1846
784:Menke, 1851
712:Gould, 1846
576:Reeve, 1859
453:Reeve, 1859
361:Maoricrypta
345:Maoricrypta
235:Mörch, 1852
218:Mörch, 1852
2840:Categories
2157:10088/3833
1900:References
1791:Synonyms:
592:Dall, 1905
445:Dall, 1927
370:The genus
325:Crucibulum
313:Calyptraea
290:sea snails
227:Gray, 1857
202:Gray, 1847
104:Subclass:
98:Gastropoda
2657:Crepidula
2644:Crepidula
2630:Crepidula
2600:Crepidula
2050:Crepidula
2034:Crepidula
2018:Crepidula
1991:Crepidula
1894:Hong Kong
1829:Crepidula
1821:substrate
1691:Crepidula
1472:Say, 1822
1268:Say, 1822
1186:Say, 1822
860:Say, 1822
808:Coe, 1947
744:Say, 1822
552:Say, 1822
427:include:
425:Crepidula
372:Crepidula
365:Crepidula
353:Crepidula
308:Crepidula
297:gastropod
269:Crepidula
149:Crepidula
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
25:Crepidula
2609:Wikidata
2531:177–184.
2020:at ITIS
1914:(1799).
1848:and the
1768:Marshall
300:mollusks
224:Garnotia
182:Synonyms
134:Family:
88:Mollusca
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
2810:4628202
2748:1331382
2722:2301670
1831:species
1807:Ecology
395:Species
284:, is a
232:Ianacus
155:Lamarck
144:Genus:
114:Order:
94:Class:
2823:137722
2807:uBio:
2709:1KREPG
2615:Q83701
2552:
1971:89-97.
1817:radula
342:, and
294:marine
199:Crypta
157:, 1799
2818:WoRMS
2787:52628
2761:72619
2743:IRMNG
2735:81644
2696:50398
2683:7NTS3
1890:Japan
1886:Korea
286:genus
280:, or
2800:9697
2782:NCBI
2756:ITIS
2717:GBIF
2704:EPPO
2670:6176
2665:BOLD
2550:ISBN
1892:and
1882:Asia
1813:gill
1772:Now
1743:Now
1696:Now
381:and
359:and
2769:NBN
2691:EoL
2678:CoL
2652:AFD
2639:ADW
2575:1–8
2153:hdl
1918:78.
1864:to
288:of
2842::
2820::
2797::
2784::
2771::
2758::
2745::
2732::
2719::
2706::
2693::
2680::
2667::
2654::
2641::
2626::
2611::
2149:41
2147:.
2141:.
2074:^
1923:^
1896:.
1888:,
1852:.
1844:,
1823:.
1749::
1702::
1663:†
348:.
338:,
334:,
292:,
276:,
2577:.
2159:.
2155::
2135:"
1777::
1302:.
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