297:
224:
131:
277:
completed the building of the hut except for one hole in the roof, the panel for which was never found. While the hut was being constructed they lived by day in the tractor crate and slept in their tents, two men to each tent. The winter temperatures often fell well below â30 °C (â22 °F), and
Shackleton proved to be a very windy place, which made work outdoors unpleasant. All stores lying in the snow tended to get buried and there was a constant danger of them getting lost.
34:
273:
work outside. The men sheltered in their crate and slept in their tents which were constantly in danger of getting buried by the drift. When finally the wind subsided the giant crates of wall panels had all disappeared under many feet of drift and the unfinished hut itself was full of snow. The bay ice had broken off taking all the remaining stores with it. Much food and fuel, a couple of huts and a tractor had all gone to sea.
375:
264:, were left on the ice, having only tents and a packing crate as shelter. Most of the stores were left on the bay ice, some two miles (3.2 km) from the site of where the base was to be set up. Their first task was to get all these stores from the bay ice to the base and to try to build some permanent shelter for the oncoming winter. Once some food and
399:
remaining overland journey. The overland party finally arrived at Scott Base on 2 March 1958, having completed the historic crossing of 3,473 kilometres (2,158 mi) of previously unexplored snow and ice in 99 days. A few days later the expedition members left
Antarctica for New Zealand on the New Zealand naval ship
276:
The men tried to retrieve the crates by tunnelling under the snow; the tunnels proved to be useful kennels for the dogs protecting them from the unexpectedly severe winter conditions at
Shackleton. The party of eight survived the winter with some difficulty, but in reasonably good health, and finally
272:
When the skeleton of the hut was complete, the men positioned the crates containing the wall and roof panels around the building site. Then a blizzard began, and lasted for more than a week. The temperature dropped to â20 °C (â4 °F) and the drift around the base made it impossible to do any
412:
Although large quantities of supplies were hauled overland, both parties were also equipped with light aircraft and made extensive use of air support for reconnaissance and supplies. Additional logistical help was provided by U.S. personnel who were working in
Antarctica at that time. Both parties
268:
had been brought up and the dogs safely tethered by the base, the men started to build their hut. This proved to be far more difficult than had been envisaged â not only were the eight men insufficient in number to carry out the heavy tasks easily but the weather at
Shackleton was colder and
398:
Fuchs' team reached the Pole from the opposite direction on 19 January 1958, where they met up with
Hillary. Fuchs then continued overland, following the route that Hillary had laid, while Hillary flew back to Scott Base in a U.S. plane. He would later rejoin Fuchs by plane for part of the
413:
also took dog teams which were used for fieldwork trips and backup in case of failure of the mechanical transportation, though the dogs were not taken all the way to the Pole. In
December 1957 four men from the expedition flew one of the planesâa
320:
Base, about 300 miles (480 km) inland to the south. After spending the winter of 1957 at
Shackleton Base, Fuchs finally set out on the transcontinental journey in November 1957, with a 12-man team travelling in six vehicles; three
177:, the CTAE was a private venture, though it was supported by the governments of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, United States, Australia and South Africa, as well as many corporate and individual donations, under the patronage of Queen
223:
382:
It was not originally intended that
Hillary would travel as far as the South Pole, but when he had completed laying supply depots he saw the opportunity to beat the British and continued south, reaching the Poleâwhere the U.S.
417:âon an 11-hour, 1,430-mile (2,300 km), non-stop trans-polar flight across the Antarctic continent from Shackleton Base via the Pole to Scott Base, following roughly the same route as Fuchs' overland party.
3080:
296:
367:
on towards the South Pole, for the use of Fuchs on the final leg of his journey. Other members of
Hillary's team carried out geological surveys around the Ross Sea and
231:
Preparations began in London in 1955. Over the austral summer of 1955 to 1956, Fuchs sailed with an advance party from London to Antarctica in the Canadian sealer
51:
359:
and Ellis Williams, great uncle of the esteemed Joel David Ellis Watkins, âwere responsible for route-finding and laying a line of supply depots up the
98:
70:
77:
2242:
565:
84:
20:
1203:
3704:
316:
with additional supplies, and the southern summer of 1956â1957 was spent consolidating Shackleton Base and establishing the smaller
66:
3623:
838:
846:
336:. En route, the team were also tasked with carrying out scientific research including seismic soundings and gravimetric readings.
280:
They managed to take a number of journeys to collect seals for the dogs and to scout a route to the south. They used dogs and the
3714:
2204:
617:
3699:
2795:
2393:
1981:
395:
in 1912âto reach the Pole overland. Hillary's arrival also marked the first time that land vehicles had ever reached the Pole.
330:
257:
floatplane that scouted a way out. In early 1956, Fuchs sailed back to London, leaving eight men to over-winter at Shackleton.
207:
Fuchs was knighted for his accomplishment. The second overland crossing of the continent did not occur until 1981, during the
3587:
384:
1533:
2398:
3481:
3162:
2984:
2874:
2643:
1232:
1181:
174:
163:
2932:
2513:
2452:
451:
178:
2955:
117:
91:
253:, was trapped in the ice. Despite sustaining considerable damage, she was able to free herself with the help of the
3033:
3264:
3250:
3224:
3061:
1032:
558:
414:
1955:
3694:
3087:
3057:
1400:
1390:
974:
676:
197:
55:
2698:
2860:
2370:
1503:
426:
387:
had recently been established by airâon 3 January 1958. Hillary's party was just the thirdâpreceded by
2769:
2655:
2498:
1544:
1005:
773:
534:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3217:
2839:
2673:
2614:
2568:
797:
686:
3577:
2302:
2276:
2269:
1720:
1621:
1613:
1596:
1214:
760:
612:
551:
2009:
3400:
3010:
2706:
2505:
2290:
2172:
1975:
1857:
1708:
1557:
1495:
1482:
1355:
1081:
733:
3550:
3141:
3135:
3053:
2927:
2712:
2438:
2314:
2164:
2052:
1836:
162:. It was the first expedition to reach the South Pole overland for 46 years, preceded only by
852:
3719:
3617:
3280:
2433:
2307:
2227:
1736:
1563:
765:
151:
44:
3555:
3121:
1053:
400:
2388:
3560:
3529:
3334:
3287:
3186:
2990:
2909:
2852:
2601:
2595:
2445:
2403:
2365:
2345:
1940:
1715:
1551:
1461:
1443:
1360:
1331:
1321:
1209:
1146:
920:
248:
208:
167:
1601:
452:"The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition - 1955-58, Vivian Fuchs and Sir Edmund Hillary"
3414:
3406:
3349:
2937:
2801:
2727:
2719:
2519:
2459:
2418:
2031:
2022:
1893:
1888:
1792:
1656:
1413:
1375:
982:
752:
720:
664:
644:
2782:
1187:
1170:
8:
3709:
3535:
3457:
2922:
2845:
2761:
2542:
2534:
2483:
2123:
2081:
1576:
1539:
1428:
1192:
1062:
865:
670:
392:
1175:
3256:
3148:
3129:
2693:
2668:
2210:
2104:
2068:
2044:
1935:
1782:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1649:
1627:
1606:
1487:
1477:
1224:
1112:
1040:
713:
704:
696:
607:
587:
3628:
3434:
3428:
3384:
3369:
3298:
3270:
3178:
3115:
3025:
2997:
2977:
2915:
2823:
2787:
2661:
2628:
2621:
2574:
2556:
2473:
2222:
2091:
2039:
1945:
1898:
1826:
1815:
1527:
1517:
1509:
1405:
1395:
1306:
1301:
1284:
1250:
1117:
1104:
925:
831:
789:
784:
574:
515:
498:
3645:
3377:
3069:
2949:
2775:
2748:
2688:
2563:
2493:
2478:
2217:
2146:
2141:
2115:
2110:
1992:
1915:
1868:
1635:
1455:
1420:
1316:
1311:
1245:
1159:
941:
933:
819:
739:
691:
681:
654:
343:âwhich was to be Fuchs' final destinationâon the opposite side of the continent at
254:
3635:
3582:
3567:
3473:
3468:
3392:
3357:
3293:
3192:
3107:
3074:
2806:
2589:
2581:
2550:
2466:
2426:
2180:
2136:
2076:
2000:
1970:
1965:
1925:
1903:
1851:
1787:
1777:
1728:
1450:
1435:
1288:
1257:
1219:
969:
897:
891:
814:
779:
639:
360:
301:
212:
154:-sponsored expedition that successfully completed the first overland crossing of
2158:
130:
3609:
3592:
3545:
3504:
3494:
3463:
3322:
3312:
3204:
3154:
3019:
2969:
2942:
2887:
2683:
2678:
2527:
2380:
2234:
2196:
2153:
2086:
2060:
2014:
1987:
1960:
1930:
1873:
1831:
1821:
1701:
1694:
1591:
1571:
1383:
1343:
1274:
1070:
1045:
1000:
964:
958:
950:
910:
905:
879:
859:
627:
406:
388:
189:
3668:
3572:
3514:
3509:
3499:
3449:
3444:
3420:
3364:
3241:
3235:
3230:
2829:
2740:
2733:
2488:
2283:
2262:
2130:
1908:
1878:
1846:
1841:
1678:
1584:
1467:
1262:
1075:
1025:
1018:
1010:
915:
824:
659:
502:
368:
364:
356:
352:
344:
261:
135:
3603:
3597:
3209:
3173:
3039:
2866:
2816:
2755:
2609:
2297:
2248:
2098:
1920:
1883:
1863:
1804:
1338:
1326:
1269:
1197:
1098:
995:
989:
886:
874:
747:
725:
649:
602:
538:
519:
185:
476:
355:
and one Weasel, abandoned part-way, Hillary and his three menâRon Balham,
3640:
3540:
3488:
3306:
3093:
2881:
2256:
2188:
1950:
1809:
1772:
1672:
1664:
1472:
808:
240:
196:
Support team. The New Zealand party included scientists participating in
3439:
3342:
3326:
3168:
3101:
3002:
2411:
2360:
2320:
1642:
1368:
1296:
1238:
631:
599:
340:
326:
305:
281:
236:
201:
159:
155:
2961:
1798:
1350:
1133:
317:
543:
33:
2893:
348:
265:
193:
374:
3520:
2900:
1165:
1141:
1129:
322:
285:
1687:
1766:
1091:
1152:
243:, from which the trans-Antarctic expedition would begin. The
477:
Friends of Ferguson Heritage- The Worst Journey in the World
173:
In keeping with the tradition of polar expeditions of the
200:
research while the British team were separately based at
312:
In December 1956, Fuchs returned on Danish Polar vessel
235:, with the purpose of establishing Shackleton Base near
2357:
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3666:
444:
559:
492:
260:The eight men of the advance party, led by
21:Kaspersky Commonwealth Antarctic Expedition
566:
552:
535:Works about the Trans-Antarctic expedition
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
67:"Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition"
3624:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
373:
295:
269:much windier than had been anticipated.
222:
129:
3199:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
509:
339:In parallel, Hillary's team had set up
144:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3667:
138:tractors used by Edmund Hillary's team
2343:
585:
573:
547:
405:. The ship was captained by Captain
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
2985:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1182:Norse colonization of North America
247:, like its immediate forebear, the
227:Hillary packs a sack in preparation
175:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
13:
2514:United States Exploring Expedition
514:. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
184:It was headed by British explorer
23:, an all-women expedition in 2009.
14:
3731:
3588:AmundsenâScott South Pole Station
2956:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
528:
385:AmundsenâScott South Pole Station
3705:United Kingdom and the Antarctic
3482:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2875:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
32:
16:1955â58 expedition to Antarctica
493:Fuchs, V.; Hillary, E. (1958).
485:
415:de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
43:needs additional citations for
3715:History of the Ross Dependency
470:
218:
198:International Geophysical Year
1:
3700:New Zealand and the Antarctic
2861:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2796:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2344:
432:
427:List of Antarctic expeditions
291:
3218:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3034:ShackletonâRowett Expedition
2840:French Antarctic Expeditions
2770:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2656:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
774:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
437:
329:, and one specially adapted
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
2303:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1982:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
847:Andrée's balloon expedition
420:
10:
3736:
1504:Franklin's lost expedition
1204:Christian IV's expeditions
586:
495:The Crossing of Antarctica
18:
3321:
3052:
2639:
2379:
2356:
2352:
2339:
1858:Great Northern Expedition
1752:
1534:RaeâRichardson expedition
1283:
1128:
734:British Arctic Expedition
626:
598:
594:
581:
188:, with New Zealander Sir
3142:British Antarctic Survey
3136:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2381:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
351:. Using three converted
192:leading the New Zealand
3618:Pole of inaccessibility
3281:Antarctic Treaty System
1622:2nd Grinnell expedition
308:, just before departure
379:
353:Ferguson TE20 tractors
309:
228:
139:
3695:Antarctic expeditions
3288:Transglobe Expedition
3187:Operation Deep Freeze
2596:Challenger expedition
1462:Coppermine expedition
983:Drifting ice stations
512:No Latitude for Error
377:
299:
226:
209:Transglobe Expedition
164:Amundsen's expedition
150:) of 1955â1958 was a
133:
510:Hillary, E. (1961).
52:improve this article
3458:South magnetic pole
2124:Brusilov expedition
1233:Danish colonization
671:North magnetic pole
497:. London: Cassell.
393:Robert Falcon Scott
3690:1958 in Antarctica
3685:1957 in Antarctica
3680:1956 in Antarctica
3675:1955 in Antarctica
3149:Operation Windmill
3130:Operation Highjump
2105:Rusanov expedition
2010:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1754:North East Passage
1558:McClure expedition
380:
310:
284:, and four Tucker
229:
170:in 1911 and 1912.
168:Scott's expedition
140:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3116:Operation Tabarin
2978:Far Eastern Party
2824:Nimrod Expedition
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
1894:M. Pronchishcheva
1816:Siberian Cossacks
1285:Northwest Passage
618:Research stations
575:Polar exploration
128:
127:
120:
102:
3727:
3163:Ronne Expedition
2648:
2642:
2506:Dumont d'Urville
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
1889:V. Pronchishchev
596:
595:
583:
582:
568:
561:
554:
545:
544:
523:
506:
479:
474:
468:
467:
465:
463:
448:
255:Auster Antarctic
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3650:
3325:
3317:
3193:McMurdo Station
3062:Modern research
3060:
3048:
2783:O. Nordenskjöld
2646:
2640:
2635:
2551:Ross expedition
2375:
2348:
2327:
1756:
1748:
1289:Northern Canada
1287:
1279:
1132:
1124:
630:
622:
590:
577:
572:
531:
526:
488:
483:
482:
475:
471:
461:
459:
456:Cool Antarctica
450:
449:
445:
440:
435:
423:
363:and across the
361:Skelton Glacier
327:Weasel tractors
302:George J. Dufek
294:
221:
213:Ranulph Fiennes
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3720:Edmund Hillary
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3610:Vostok Station
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3561:Cherry-Garrard
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3401:Southern Cross
3397:
3396:
3395:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3331:
3329:
3323:Farthest South
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3284:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3020:Ross Sea party
3016:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2714:Southern Cross
2707:Southern Cross
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2651:
2649:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2572:
2566:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2453:Bellingshausen
2443:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2312:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1760:
1758:Russian Arctic
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1200:
1195:
1193:SnÊbjörn galti
1190:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
986:
979:
978:
977:
972:
967:
955:
954:
953:
939:
930:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
894:
889:
884:
883:
882:
877:
862:
857:
856:
855:
843:
842:
841:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
794:
793:
792:
787:
782:
770:
769:
768:
763:
758:
750:
745:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
636:
634:
628:Farthest North
624:
623:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
592:
591:
579:
578:
571:
570:
563:
556:
548:
542:
541:
530:
529:External links
527:
525:
524:
507:
489:
487:
484:
481:
480:
469:
442:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
422:
419:
407:Harry Kirkwood
389:Roald Amundsen
293:
290:
282:Weasel tractor
220:
217:
190:Edmund Hillary
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3732:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2741:Discovery Hut
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:A. Sibiryakov
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:Glavsevmorput
2240:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:J. Richardson
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:M. Corte-Real
1305:
1303:
1302:G. Corte-Real
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:C. Richardson
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:Georgiy Sedov
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
961:
960:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
940:
938:
937:
936:
931:
927:
924:
922:
921:Riiser-Larsen
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:
900:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
870:
869:
863:
861:
858:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:
806:
805:
804:
803:
801:
795:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:
738:
737:
736:
735:
731:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
716:
712:
711:
710:
709:
707:
702:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
672:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
549:
546:
540:
536:
533:
532:
521:
517:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
490:
478:
473:
457:
453:
447:
443:
428:
425:
424:
418:
416:
410:
408:
404:
403:
396:
394:
390:
386:
376:
372:
370:
369:Victoria Land
366:
365:Polar Plateau
362:
358:
357:Peter Mulgrew
354:
350:
346:
345:McMurdo Sound
342:
337:
335:
333:
328:
324:
319:
315:
307:
303:
300:Hillary with
298:
289:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
262:Ken Blaiklock
258:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
225:
216:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
136:Ferguson TE20
132:
122:
119:
111:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69: â
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
3616:
3604:Pole of Cold
3602:
3528:
3519:
3487:
3480:
3456:
3427:
3413:
3407:Borchgrevink
3399:
3386:
3371:
3351:
3336:
3305:
3286:
3279:
3263:
3249:
3240:
3223:
3216:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3161:
3147:
3140:
3128:
3114:
3100:
3086:
3079:
3040:
3032:
3018:
3011:
3009:
2991:
2983:
2976:
2963:
2954:
2916:
2908:
2899:
2892:
2880:
2873:
2859:
2847:Pourquoi-Pas
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2817:Orcadas Base
2815:
2807:
2794:
2788:C. A. Larsen
2776:
2768:
2754:
2747:
2734:
2726:
2720:Borchgrevink
2713:
2705:
2662:
2654:
2629:C. A. Larsen
2622:
2603:
2594:
2576:
2558:
2549:
2536:
2521:
2512:
2499:
2460:
2446:
2439:
2420:
2405:
2315:
2308:
2291:
2284:
2270:
2255:
2241:
2228:
2203:
2189:
2187:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2129:
2122:
2103:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2051:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2001:
1999:
1980:
1856:
1814:
1797:
1765:
1729:
1727:
1707:
1706:
1686:
1685:
1671:
1658:
1643:
1629:
1620:
1607:
1578:
1566:Investigator
1565:
1556:
1532:
1519:
1511:
1502:
1489:
1460:
1437:
1422:
1407:
1377:
1362:
1332:
1251:
1231:
1202:
1198:Erik the Red
1180:
1158:
1151:
1108:submersibles
1105:
1099:Arktika 2007
1097:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1017:
988:
981:
957:
943:
942:
934:
932:
898:
896:
867:
864:
853:S. A. Andrée
845:
832:
807:
799:
796:
772:
754:
741:
732:
714:
705:
703:
669:
539:Open Library
511:
494:
486:Bibliography
472:
460:. Retrieved
455:
446:
411:
401:
397:
391:in 1911 and
381:
338:
331:
313:
311:
279:
275:
271:
259:
249:
244:
232:
230:
206:
186:Vivian Fuchs
183:
179:Elizabeth II
172:
152:Commonwealth
147:
143:
141:
114:
108:October 2019
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
3307:Lake Vostok
3257:Tryoshnikov
3179:Schlossbach
3070:Christensen
3012:James Caird
2933:E. R. Evans
2699:Dobrowolski
2669:de Gerlache
2371:Expeditions
2257:Aviaarktika
2211:Samoylovich
2082:Kolomeitsev
1976:Middendorff
1936:Gedenshtrom
1356:I. Fyodorov
1118:Chilingarov
1006:E. Fyodorov
613:Expeditions
458:. Paul Ward
241:Weddell Sea
219:Preparation
3710:South Pole
3669:Categories
3530:Terra Nova
3435:Shackleton
3378:J. C. Ross
3337:Resolution
3327:South Pole
3102:New Swabia
3026:Mackintosh
2998:Shackleton
2917:Terra Nova
2910:Terra Nova
2644:Heroic Age
2604:Challenger
2564:J. C. Ross
2474:Bransfield
2406:Resolution
2321:icebreaker
2285:Chelyuskin
2026:expedition
2004:Expedition
1946:Matyushkin
1904:Kh. Laptev
1899:Chelyuskin
1793:Heemskerck
1783:Chancellor
1778:Willoughby
1773:Koch boats
1716:Stefansson
1650:McClintock
1614:Inglefield
1456:J. C. Ross
1363:Resolution
1215:Cunningham
1113:Sagalevich
802:expedition
761:Stephenson
721:C. F. Hall
708:expedition
682:J. C. Ross
645:Heemskerck
632:North Pole
462:6 November
433:References
341:Scott Base
306:Scott Base
292:Expedition
237:Vahsel Bay
202:Halley Bay
160:South Pole
158:, via the
156:Antarctica
134:Converted
78:newspapers
3629:Tolstikov
3415:Discovery
3385:HMS
3370:HMS
3352:Adventure
3350:HMS
3335:HMS
3271:Tolstikov
2992:Endurance
2777:Antarctic
2762:Drygalski
2735:Discovery
2728:Discovery
2689:Arctowski
2602:HMS
2575:HMS
2569:Abernethy
2557:HMS
2535:USS
2522:Vincennes
2520:USS
2500:Astrolabe
2440:San Telmo
2421:Adventure
2419:HMS
2404:HMS
2399:Kerguelen
2361:Continent
2346:Antarctic
2223:Urvantsev
2181:Vilkitsky
2034:Jeannette
2032:USS
2024:Jeannette
1988:Weyprecht
1966:Pakhtusov
1916:Chichagov
1909:D. Laptev
1852:Permyakov
1827:Stadukhin
1822:Perfilyev
1799:Mangazeya
1737:H. Larsen
1702:Rasmussen
1657:HMS
1628:USS
1577:HMS
1564:HMS
1528:Collinson
1518:HMS
1510:HMS
1488:HMS
1436:HMS
1421:HMS
1406:HMS
1391:Mackenzie
1378:Discovery
1376:HMS
1361:HMS
1333:Discovery
1312:Frobisher
1275:Rasmussen
1188:Gunnbjörn
1134:Greenland
1063:USS
1054:USS
926:Ellsworth
868:Roosevelt
798:Nansen's
755:Discovery
753:HMS
740:HMS
687:Abernethy
655:Marmaduke
503:963764022
438:Footnotes
402:Endeavour
378:Route map
318:South Ice
314:Magga Dan
250:Endurance
3641:A. Fuchs
3598:V. Fuchs
3578:McKinley
3541:E. Evans
3500:Bjaaland
3495:Amundsen
3445:Marshall
3358:Furneaux
3210:V. Fuchs
3174:E. Ronne
3169:F. Ronne
3108:Ritscher
2962:SY
2950:Filchner
2894:Framheim
2888:Amundsen
2694:RacoviÈÄ
2679:Amundsen
2674:Lecointe
2543:Ringgold
2537:Porpoise
2427:Furneaux
2263:Shevelev
2218:Begichev
2197:Amundsen
2159:NagĂłrski
2137:Brusilov
2131:Sv. Anna
2045:Melville
2015:Palander
1971:Tsivolko
1931:Sannikov
1926:Billings
1869:Chirikov
1788:Barentsz
1730:St. Roch
1721:Bartlett
1695:Amundsen
1679:Sverdrup
1579:Resolute
1468:Franklin
1396:Kotzebue
1263:Sverdrup
1246:Scoresby
1220:Lindenov
1071:Plaisted
1056:Nautilus
1001:Shirshov
975:Belyakov
970:Baydukov
944:Nautilus
906:Amundsen
866:SS
825:Sverdrup
820:Johansen
790:Brainard
785:Lockwood
640:Barentsz
421:See also
349:Ross Sea
323:Sno-Cats
286:Sno-Cats
266:paraffin
194:Ross Sea
3646:Messner
3593:Hillary
3573:Balchen
3521:Polheim
3515:Wisting
3393:Crozier
3365:Weddell
3343:J. Cook
3313:Kapitsa
3294:Fiennes
3236:Klenova
3205:Hillary
3155:Ketchum
3081:BANZARE
3056:·
2901:Polheim
2867:Shirase
2853:Charcot
2663:Belgica
2582:Crozier
2494:Morrell
2489:Weddell
2467:Lazarev
2412:J. Cook
2366:History
2316:Arktika
2292:Krassin
2277:Voronin
2249:Schmidt
2235:Ushakov
2174:Vaygach
2142:Albanov
2111:Rusanov
2092:Kolchak
2087:Matisen
2061:Makarov
2040:De Long
1941:Wrangel
1921:Lyakhov
1874:Malygin
1832:Dezhnev
1659:Pandora
1630:Advance
1597:Kennedy
1592:Belcher
1585:Kellett
1572:McClure
1496:Beechey
1490:Blossom
1483:Simpson
1451:Crozier
1444:Hoppner
1401:J. Ross
1369:J. Cook
1317:Gilbert
1210:J. Hall
1176:IngĂłlfr
1166:Naddodd
1160:Vikings
1147:Brendan
1142:Pytheas
1130:Iceland
1084:Arktika
1076:Herbert
1041:Badygin
1011:Krenkel
996:Papanin
965:Chkalov
951:Wilkins
916:Wisting
860:F. Cook
766:Markham
726:Bessels
715:Polaris
706:Polaris
677:J. Ross
660:Carolus
608:History
520:2104525
371:areas.
347:on the
334:tractor
239:on the
211:led by
92:scholar
3556:Bowers
3551:Wilson
3510:Hassel
3505:Helmer
3474:Mackay
3464:Mawson
3429:Nimrod
3387:Terror
3372:Erebus
3299:Burton
3094:Rymill
2970:Mawson
2964:Aurora
2943:Lashly
2928:Wilson
2831:Nimrod
2808:Scotia
2615:Murray
2590:Cooper
2577:Terror
2559:Erebus
2528:Wilkes
2479:Palmer
2447:Vostok
2394:Bouvet
2318:-class
2298:Gakkel
2166:Taymyr
2147:Konrad
2116:Kuchin
2054:Yermak
1961:Lavrov
1879:Ovtsyn
1864:Bering
1842:Ivanov
1805:Hudson
1767:Pomors
1744:Cowper
1709:Karluk
1608:Isabel
1602:Bellot
1552:Austin
1520:Terror
1512:Erebus
1408:Griper
1384:Clerke
1344:Baffin
1327:Hudson
1258:Nansen
1171:GarĂ°ar
1092:Barneo
959:ANT-25
935:Italia
911:Nobile
880:Henson
839:Amedeo
815:Nansen
780:Greely
650:Hudson
588:Arctic
518:
501:
332:Muskeg
325:, two
245:Theron
233:Theron
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
3636:Crary
3583:Dufek
3546:Oates
3536:Scott
3469:David
3450:Adams
3421:Barne
3242:Mirny
3231:Somov
3041:Quest
2938:Crean
2923:Scott
2802:Bruce
2756:Gauss
2749:Gauss
2623:Jason
2610:Nares
2484:Davis
2461:Mirny
2434:Smith
2389:Roché
2309:Lenin
2229:Sadko
2154:Wiese
2099:Sedov
2070:Zarya
1993:Payer
1956:Litke
1951:Anjou
1884:Minin
1847:Vagin
1837:Popov
1810:Poole
1665:Young
1478:Dease
1423:Hecla
1414:Parry
1339:Bylot
1322:Davis
1297:Cabot
1270:Peary
1252:Jason
1239:Egede
1153:Papar
1065:Skate
1046:Wiese
1026:NP-37
1019:NP-36
899:Norge
887:Sedov
875:Peary
833:Jason
748:Nares
742:Alert
697:Hayes
665:Parry
603:Ocean
99:JSTOR
85:books
3568:Byrd
3489:Fram
3440:Wild
3122:Marr
3088:BGLE
3075:Byrd
3003:Wild
2882:Fram
2684:Cook
2205:AARI
2190:Maud
2077:Toll
2002:Vega
1688:GjĂža
1673:Fram
1636:Kane
1473:Back
1438:Fury
1429:Lyon
1351:Munk
990:NP-1
892:Byrd
809:Fram
800:Fram
692:Kane
516:OCLC
499:OCLC
464:2019
166:and
148:CTAE
142:The
71:news
3265:3rd
3251:2nd
3225:1st
3058:IGY
3054:IPY
1644:Fox
1540:Rae
1106:Mir
1082:NS
537:at
304:at
54:by
3671::
2170:/
454:.
409:.
288:.
215:.
204:.
181:.
2647:"
2641:"
2584:)
2580:(
2571:)
2562:(
567:e
560:t
553:v
522:.
505:.
466:.
146:(
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)
