43:
600:
324:
of northern Baja
California, southern California, and western Arizona. Mauricio J. Mixco (1978, 2006) reassessed this relationship and judged it to be too distant for Cochimí to be included within the Yuman family proper. He placed Cochimí as a sister language to the Yuman family, thus forming the
259:
1945). Their material culture was generally simple, but it suited their arid environment and mobile lifestyle. The highest level of social organization was the autonomous local community, and inter-community conflicts appear to have been frequent. Among the unusual cultural traits noted for the
319:
The Cochimí spoke a set of dialects or closely related languages that have been classified in a variety of ways. The most prominent division, between
Northern Cochimí and Southern Cochimí, has generally been put to the south of San Ignacio (Mixco 1978, 1979, 2006; Laylander 1997). At one time
108:
247:(1774). Decimated by epidemics of Old World diseases, the Cochimí population declined, until sometime in the nineteenth or possibly the early twentieth century their language and traditional culture became extinct.
131:
in the south. Information on Cochimí customs and beliefs has been preserved in the brief observations by explorers but, above all, in the writings of the
Jesuits (Aschmann 1959; Laylander 2000;
244:
293:
were wooden tablets with painted designs and/or drilled holes, used in religious ceremonies. Some of these artifacts have been found archaeologically (Massey 1972; Hedges 1973;
280:
resource. Subsequent to the pitahaya harvest, Baja
Californians winnowed undigested pitahaya seeds from their own dried excrement and then roasted and ate this "second harvest".
287:. A valued morsel of meat was tied with a string, swallowed, then pulled back up and passed to the next person in a circle of consumers, until the meat finally disintegrated.
483:
236:
208:
192:
204:
180:
255:
The Cochimí were hunter-gatherers, without agriculture or metallurgy. Pottery-making may have reached the northern Cochimí before
Spanish contact (
72:
910:
476:
455:
Edited by W. Michael Mathes, Vivian C. Fisher, and Eligio Moisés
Coronado. 5 vols. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz.
915:
195:
in 1699. Over the next seven decades, the frontier of Jesuit control over the Cochimí gradually extended northward, with missions at
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196:
925:
469:
326:
212:
200:
94:
65:
920:
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188:
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The Cochimí were first encountered by
Spanish seaborne explorers during the sixteenth century, including
124:
428:, edited by Don Laylander and Jerry D. Moore, pp. 24–41. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
390:, edited by Don Laylander and Jerry D. Moore, pp. 42–66. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
156:
412:
Cochimí and Proto-Yuman: Lexical and
Syntactic Evidence for a New Language Family in Lower California
120:
55:
216:
366:, edited by Gary S. Breschini and Trudy Haversat, pp. 1–94. Coyote Press, Salinas, California.
59:
51:
376:
Massey, Lee
Gooding. 1972. "Tabla and atlatl: two unusual wooden artifacts from Baja California".
239:(1769) on their way north to Alta California. The Franciscans' successors in Baja California, the
713:
431:
256:
160:
17:
763:
76:
889:
300:
Capes made from donated human hair were worn by shamans on ceremonial occasions (Meigs 1970).
446:
Noticia de la
California y de su conquista temporal, y espiritual hasta el tiempo presente
8:
849:
829:
426:
The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula
388:
The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula
314:
172:
31:
352:. Edited by Miguel León-Portilla. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.
227:(1767). After the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the
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884:
232:
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Cochimí and some of their neighbors were the second harvest of the pitahaya, the
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designated "Peninsular Yuman", Cochimí bears an evident relationship to the
864:
692:
647:
632:
521:
187:, who were southern neighbors of the Cochimí. This was quickly followed by
168:
27:
Indigenous inhabitants of the central part of the Baja California peninsula
556:
417:
Mixco, Mauricio J. 1979. "Northern Cochimí Dialectology and Proto-Yuman".
874:
819:
753:
743:
723:
657:
637:
536:
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Contributions to the Linguistic Prehistory of Central and Baja California
362:
Laylander, Don. 1997. "The linguistic prehistory of Baja California". In
228:
667:
561:
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established missions on the peninsula in the late seventeenth century.
854:
814:
642:
809:
414:. University of Utah Anthropological Papers No. 101. Salt Lake City.
844:
778:
662:
627:
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Hedges, Ken. 1973. "Painted tablas from northern Baja California".
273:
773:
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622:
581:
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396:. 1970. "Capes of human hair from Baja California and outside".
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546:
541:
184:
107:
687:
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340:
The Central Desert of Baja California: Demography and Ecology
135:
2006). Particularly important and detailed are the works of
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Journal of California and Great Basin Papers in Linguistics
119:
were the indigenous inhabitants of the central part of the
424:
Mixco, Mauricio J. 2006. "The indigenous languages". In
163:, and others. Sporadic encounters continued until the
243:, created the final new mission among the Cochimí at
595:
350:
Historia natural y crónica de la antigua California
453:Obras californianas del padre Miguel Venegas, S.J.
902:
491:
276:cactus provided a highly valued but short-lived
64:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
371:Early Ethnography of the Californias: 1533-1825
405:Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly
403:Meigs, Peveril, III. 1974. "Meigs on tablas".
398:Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly
378:Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly
357:Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly
342:. Iberoamericana No. 42. Berkeley, California.
179:began the first successful mission in 1697 at
477:
484:
470:
111:A map of the historical Cochimí territory.
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
434:1945. "An outline of Yuman prehistory".
175:, to the north of Loreto, in 1683-1685.
106:
14:
903:
465:
386:. 2006. "Ethnohistoric evidence". In
235:established an additional mission at
436:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
373:. Coyote Press, Salinas, California.
36:
283:Another unusual food trait was the
24:
911:Indigenous peoples of Aridoamerica
25:
937:
916:Pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico
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41:
448:. 3 vols. M. Fernández, Madrid.
171:made an abortive foundation at
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1:
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926:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
493:Indigenous peoples of Mexico
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410:Mixco, Mauricio J. 1978.
189:Francesco Maria Piccolo's
177:Juan María de Salvatierra
121:Baja California peninsula
500:More than 100,000 people
268:, and human-hair capes:
50:This article includes a
921:Ethnic groups in Mexico
616:20,000 – 100,000 people
451:Venegas, Miguel. 1979.
338:Aschmann, Homer. 1959.
311:Yuman–Cochimí languages
79:more precise citations.
788:Less than 1,000 people
369:Laylander, Don. 2000.
169:Eusebio Francisco Kino
112:
30:For the language, see
702:1,000 – 20,000 people
237:San Fernando Velicatá
110:
327:Yuman–Cochimí family
394:Meigs, Peveril, III
315:Languages of Mexico
191:Cochimí mission at
432:Rogers, Malcolm J.
384:Mathes, W. Michael
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52:list of references
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346:Barco, Miguel del
139:(1757, 1979) and
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127:in the north to
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223:(1762), and
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71:Please help
63:
400:6(1):21-28.
380:8(1):25-34.
229:Franciscans
225:Santa María
213:San Ignacio
205:La Purísima
85:August 2012
77:introducing
905:Categories
800:Chiricahua
764:Qʼanjobʼal
744:Mexicanero
438:1:167-198.
359:9(1):5-20.
333:References
309:See also:
245:El Rosario
241:Dominicans
193:San Javier
183:among the
129:San Javier
125:El Rosario
855:Mezcalero
825:Kaqchikel
815:Ixcatecos
759:Pima Bajo
673:Tojolabal
557:Purépecha
507:Chinantec
264:, wooden
221:San Borja
209:Guadalupe
173:San Bruno
795:Awakatek
769:Qʼeqchiʼ
749:Ocuiltec
739:Lacandon
734:Jakaltek
729:Guarijio
683:Wixarika
668:Tepehuán
663:Popoluca
643:Cuicatec
567:Tlapanec
562:Rarámuri
444:. 1757.
421:1:39-64.
348:. 1973.
305:Language
274:pitahaya
219:(1751),
215:(1728),
211:(1720),
207:(1720),
203:(1708),
199:(1705),
161:Vizcaíno
157:Cabrillo
143:(1973).
830:Kʼicheʼ
805:Cochimí
779:Tepehua
774:Tacuate
628:Chatino
587:Zapotec
582:Tzotzil
577:Tzeltal
572:Totonac
532:Mazatec
527:Mazahua
517:Huastec
251:Culture
201:Comondú
165:Jesuits
147:History
123:, from
117:Cochimí
73:improve
18:Cochimi
870:Paipai
845:Kumiai
840:Kiliwa
835:Kikapú
810:Cucapá
719:Chocho
709:Akatek
678:Triqui
623:Amuzgo
542:Mixtec
297:1974).
291:Tablas
285:maroma
266:tablas
262:maroma
257:Rogers
231:under
197:Mulegé
185:Monqui
181:Loreto
133:Mathes
865:Opata
850:Lipán
693:Zoque
688:Yaqui
648:Huave
552:Otomi
547:Nahua
512:Chʼol
295:Meigs
153:Ulloa
58:, or
880:Teko
875:Seri
820:Ixil
754:Pame
724:Chuj
658:Mayo
638:Cora
537:Mixe
522:Maya
313:and
115:The
653:Mam
907::
329:.
159:,
155:,
62:,
54:,
485:e
478:t
471:v
98:)
92:(
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83:(
69:.
34:.
20:)
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