33:
651:
46:
642:
660:
597:
ancestors using
Puawananga for medical purposes. Females would use it for multiple things such as general blood disorders, skin eruptions, kidney troubles, haemorrhages and bleeding piles. They would use the leaves to produce blisters as a counter-irritant and the sap to help heal wounds. Puawananga
577:
community as it has great cultural significance. Many tribes believe that
Puawananga, along with the Whauwhapaku, are the offspring of Puanga (Rigel) which is the brightest star of the Orion constellation and Ruhua (Antares) the most shining star of the Scorpion constellation the rising of these two
302:
woody high-climbing vine. It has a woody stem that is usually around 10 cm or more in diameter at the base. The leaves are dark and globous, sparsely hairy beneath. They have stout branchlets. They have a leaf margin of toothed, entire or lobed near apex, though they are rarely ever profoundly
578:
stars in the morning signals the approach of summer and the time between the two events from June to
November happens at the same time as when the Puawananga flowers bloom. They also use the flowering of the plant as an indicator as that the season of spring has started and that the
322:, with white flowers lobed. But, the female flower has a smaller sepal than the male. They both have white sepals that are narrow towards the end, rectangular or rounded end. Females have few staminodes and males have lots. Females do not have persistent fruits. The female has hairy
473:
is the most detrimental to the plant because it is the only kind of rust that can cause deformities in the flowers, leaves and stem. The deformities that the rust causes to the flower and stem are described as spectacular. Another particularly interesting kind of rust that affects
545:
because it is not only able to infect the plant, but it also infects the trees that support it. The virus causes localised lesions, chlorotic spots rings and ringspot lesions, necrosis, premature leaf fall and leaf distortion in the plant. It is transferred from plant to plant by
307:
leaflets' texture is similar to leather meaning that you can see pores and wrinkles. The leaves are shiny and tough looking. The leaves have the shape of broadly ovate to broad oblong and heart-shaped to truncate at the base.
1277:
Roberts, M.; Haami, B.; Benton, T.; Satterfield, T.; Finucane, M. L.; Henare, M.; Manuka, H. (2004). "Whakapapa as a Maori Mental
Construct: Some Implications for the Debate over Genetic Modification of Organisms".
418:, it will most likely be found in granular soil which is a volcanic material that has been derived from substantial weathering. It is found in areas where summer dryness is uncommon and soil that does not become
554:
to go and give it to a plant that has not been infected yet. Aphids can infect to multiple (39) uninfected plants within 10 minutes after being in contact with an infected plant. This is what makes
1069:
1023:
388:, this is the male organ which bears pollen for the reproduction of the plant. The seeds are easily dispersed by wind and they are contained in a silky feather-like cluster. The
731:
428:
prefers sunny areas as the vine will grow up other trees to be able to reach the sunlight. Though it does not thrive in humid climates as it becomes prone to powdery mildew.
403:
prefers soils that are damp but not overly soaking and if the roots become dried out the plant will not survive. This plant prefers not overly wet, but can't be too dry.
723:
824:
794:
1132:
626:
and the unique white flowers. It is the only species that fit these categories in New
Zealand, which is what makes it so unique and special, along with being a
1046:
999:
Department of
Conservation. Seed collection and propagation guide for grasses, sedges, lilies, flaxes, epiphytes and climbers. Retrieved on the 7/4/2020, from
768:
1316:
480:
364:
is found throughout New
Zealand in lowland and subalpine forests. Coastal to land between 300 and 800 meters above sea level in tall forest or shrubland.
465:
1172:
836:
806:
762:
1556:
590:
migrating coincided. The woman would also use the
Puawananga to make decorative pieces for wreaths and garlands they would make for their hair.
1710:
1582:
550:; aphids move it through different ways. One way is the virions can be kept in an infectious state for the amount of time it takes for the
980:
1504:
1065:
688:
1569:
1517:
384:, which means that there are both female and male flowers. The difference between male and female flowers is that the male has a
1605:
876:
1705:
1574:
833:
Flora of New
Zealand Volume 1 (Vol. Indigenous Tracheophyta Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons)
735:
1246:
1587:
952:
1543:
1610:
1353:
516:
on the host. This is extremely rare kind of rust and appears to be the first to do this on a clematis species.
1649:
1700:
1443:
1201:
908:
1457:
1452:
350:
1522:
586:
therefore it was time to harvest them as this is a spring event, so the two events of the flowering and
1644:
419:
342:
906:
Mckenzie, E. H. C. (1998). "Rust fungi of New
Zealand—An introduction, and list of recorded species".
1597:
622:
species there is nothing else like the dark green colour of the leaves. The leathery texture with an
45:
1167:
1070:"Seed collection and propagation guide for grasses, sedges, lilies, flaxes, epiphytes and climbers"
988:
558:
so detrimental to crops, as the aphid can quickly and easily spread it from one plant to another.
254:
Growing from lowland areas up to low mountainous forests, it flowers between August and November.
1000:
406:
Clematis is found in lowland areas; therefore, it is most likely to be located in locations with
261:
translates as "flower of the skies", and traditionally its flowering meant the start of spring.
1561:
1405:
380:
flowers from August to November and has fruit throughout October to January. These flowers are
1623:
525:
149:
32:
1478:
1099:
1051:
803:
Flora of New Zealand Volume IV (Vol. Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons)
8:
1636:
1667:
1386:
1003:
advice/nativeplantrestoration/ecosource-seeds/collection-and-propagation guide-grasses/
619:
283:
277:
271:
173:
40:
650:
1695:
1618:
1465:
1349:
1242:
867:
537:. The virus has been associated with a dramatic decrease in the number of individual
1390:
221:
1672:
1470:
1378:
1295:
1287:
1215:
1210:
1192:
1146:
1141:
1127:
1026:
961:
917:
921:
251:
is the most common of these, and is widespread in forests throughout the country.
1659:
583:
414:. It extends all over the mountains and into the moist lowlands. In the northern
338:
240:
236:
83:
594:
574:
1631:
1428:
615:
70:
966:
943:
1689:
623:
116:
1030:
598:
was only taken by women. They would take it three times daily before meals.
641:
627:
513:
509:
415:
346:
106:
709:
659:
1530:
1437:
1291:
1238:
460:
411:
389:
315:
244:
757:
1509:
1382:
1300:
680:
407:
1535:
318:
plant though the male and female flowers are similar as both have six
1491:
1369:
Brooker, S. G; Cooper, R. C. (1961). "New Zealand medicinal plants".
610:
is that there are no similar taxa to it in New Zealand whether it is
440:
381:
299:
165:
1399:
1422:
126:
96:
1548:
1496:
265:
on the other hand comes from reduplication of the Polynesian term
611:
534:
505:
452:
232:
1483:
1090:
989:
http://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/Taxon/Clematis-paniculata.html
243:
Ranunculaceae. It is one of seven species of clematis native to
570:
385:
323:
1001:
https://www.doc.govt.nz/get-involved/run-a-project/restoration
1276:
551:
547:
319:
57:
734:: Research, Analysis and Information Network. Archived from
1044:
Hewitt, A. E. (2013). "Survey of New Zealand soil orders".
579:
587:
793:
Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988).
1064:
792:
392:
period is within 2–3 months, but this can be erratic.
1344:
Brooker, S. G.; Cambie, R. C.; Cooper, R. C. (1981).
431:
326:
that are 2–4 millimetres (0.079–0.157 in) long.
337:
is native to New Zealand. It was naturalised on the
1343:
1233:Harris, K. F.; Smith, O. P.; Duffus, J. E. (2001).
1128:"New Zealand Rust Fungi: additions and corrections"
1232:
1687:
1339:
1337:
1173:Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand
837:Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
807:Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
1317:"Māori Plant Use Database Plant Use Details of
1228:
1226:
1121:
1119:
1117:
901:
899:
897:
895:
1368:
1334:
1314:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1013:
1011:
1009:
500:species seedling. It is only found to infect
1223:
1114:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
892:
818:
816:
1154:
1006:
987:J.F.Gmel. Retrieved on the 6/4/2020, from
31:
1299:
1214:
1145:
965:
937:
935:
933:
931:
775:
582:have started to migrate up the rivers to
410:as brown soil is the most common soil in
1125:
905:
813:
689:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1193:"An unidentified virus-like disease of
1190:
944:"Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus on
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
573:as Puawananga is very important to the
529:is a virus that has been infecting the
439:is one of the favourite plants for the
372:
1688:
1165:
1043:
1017:
928:
877:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
799:Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 873 (1791)"
16:New Zealand flower, puawānanga, puapua
1711:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1404:
1403:
1261:
822:
1598:f51323ae-f9e7-41a4-aca8-647ab12b46dd
1168:"Rust Fungi on New Zealand Clematis"
843:
395:
941:
829:Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 1791, 873"
673:
593:There are also records of the past
533:plants in the lowland forests near
496:is found in the soft leaves of the
13:
1024:Landcare Research New Zealand LTD.
601:
432:Predators, parasites, and diseases
14:
1722:
948:in lowland forest in New Zealand"
1650:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:709949-1
1266:(New ecology ed.). Penguin.
953:Australasian Plant Disease Notes
658:
649:
640:
561:
44:
1362:
1308:
1270:
1255:
1235:Virus-insect-plant interactions
1184:
1083:
1058:
1037:
1020:New Zealand soil classification
993:
974:
1216:10.1080/0028825X.1978.10429672
1147:10.1080/0028825X.1981.10425121
750:
716:
702:
290:
1:
1202:New Zealand Journal of Botany
922:10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512564
909:New Zealand Journal of Botany
732:Taranaki Educational Resource
667:
512:The rust produces colourless
1706:Endemic flora of New Zealand
1346:New Zealand Medicinal Plants
484:because it only affects the
341:and can be found throughout
7:
1126:McKenzie, E. H. C. (1981).
606:Something unique about the
10:
1727:
1264:Which native forest plant?
1066:Department of Conservation
633:
367:
356:
1412:
1166:Baylis, G. T. S. (1954).
967:10.1007/s13314-011-0007-9
179:
172:
155:
148:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1280:The Contemporary Pacific
724:"Clematis (Puawhananga)
519:
451:There are four kinds of
446:
329:
1191:Thomson, A. D. (1978).
1031:10.7931/DL1-LRSS-1-2010
1018:Hewitt, A. E. (1993).
508:and the centre of the
1133:New Zealand of Botany
823:Allan, H. H. (1982).
765:: The Language Garden
710:"puawānanga - Te Aka"
556:Cucumber mosaic virus
541:. It is so lethal to
526:Cucumber mosaic virus
488:and no other kind of
203:Clematis integrifolia
1701:Flora of New Zealand
1292:10.1353/cp.2004.0026
1100:Encyclopedia of Life
1052:Lincoln, New Zealand
1047:Manaaki Whenua Press
373:Life cycle/phenology
269:referring to either
1444:Clematis paniculata
1414:Clematis paniculata
1319:Clematis paniculata
1315:Landcare Research.
1195:Clematis paniculata
1022:. Manaaki Whenua -
985:Clematis paniculata
946:Clematis paniculata
942:Guy, P. L. (2011).
870:Clematis paniculata
835:. Botany Division,
805:. Botany Division,
769:Benton Family Trust
726:Clematis paniculata
683:Clematis paniculata
608:Clematis paniculata
567:Clematis paniculata
437:Clematis paniculata
401:Clematis paniculata
378:Clematis paniculata
335:Clematis paniculata
296:Clematis paniculata
217:Clematis paniculata
159:Clematis paniculata
25:Clematis paniculata
1383:10.1007/BF02906757
1262:Crowe, A. (2009).
481:Puccinia alboclava
455:rusts that affect
284:Gardenia taitensis
278:Guettarda speciosa
272:Fagraea berteroana
191:Clematis indivisa
141:C. paniculata
1683:
1682:
1619:Open Tree of Life
1406:Taxon identifiers
469:is one of these.
466:Aecidium otagense
396:Soil requirements
239:in the buttercup
213:
212:
207:
199:
187:
183:Clematis indivisa
1718:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1487:
1486:
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1473:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1015:
1004:
997:
991:
978:
972:
971:
969:
939:
926:
925:
903:
890:
889:
887:
885:
864:
841:
840:
820:
811:
810:
790:
773:
772:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
720:
714:
713:
706:
700:
699:
697:
695:
677:
662:
653:
644:
205:
197:
194:
185:
161:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1408:
1398:
1371:Economic Botany
1367:
1363:
1356:
1342:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1313:
1309:
1275:
1271:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1231:
1224:
1209:(16): 167–168.
1189:
1185:
1164:
1155:
1124:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1042:
1038:
1016:
1007:
998:
994:
979:
975:
940:
929:
904:
893:
883:
881:
866:
865:
844:
821:
814:
791:
776:
756:
755:
751:
741:
739:
722:
721:
717:
708:
707:
703:
693:
691:
679:
678:
674:
670:
663:
654:
645:
636:
604:
602:No similar taxa
564:
522:
449:
434:
422:in the winter.
398:
375:
370:
359:
339:Chatham Islands
332:
293:
257:The Māori name
237:flowering plant
192:
168:
163:
157:
144:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:wfo-0000610441
1664:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1434:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1361:
1354:
1333:
1307:
1269:
1254:
1247:
1222:
1183:
1153:
1140:(2): 227–232.
1113:
1082:
1057:
1036:
1005:
992:
973:
927:
916:(2): 233–271.
891:
842:
812:
774:
749:
715:
701:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
657:
655:
648:
646:
639:
635:
632:
603:
600:
563:
560:
521:
518:
448:
445:
443:to pollinate.
433:
430:
397:
394:
374:
371:
369:
366:
358:
355:
351:Stewart Island
331:
328:
292:
289:
211:
210:
209:
208:
200:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1723:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1348:. Heinemann.
1347:
1340:
1338:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1258:
1250:
1248:9780123276810
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1180:(3): 633–637.
1179:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1091:"New Zealand
1086:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1002:
996:
990:
986:
982:
977:
968:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
947:
938:
936:
934:
932:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:
902:
900:
898:
896:
879:
878:
873:
871:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
838:
834:
830:
828:
827:C. paniculata
819:
817:
808:
804:
800:
798:
797:C. paniculata
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
770:
766:
764:
759:
753:
738:on 2018-04-13
737:
733:
729:
727:
719:
711:
705:
690:
686:
684:
676:
672:
661:
656:
652:
647:
643:
638:
637:
631:
629:
625:
624:entire margin
621:
617:
613:
609:
599:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
562:Cultural uses
559:
557:
553:
549:
544:
543:C. paniculata
540:
539:C. paniculata
536:
532:
531:C. paniculata
528:
527:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:C. paniculata
499:
498:C. paniculata
495:
491:
487:
486:C. paniculata
483:
482:
477:
476:C. paniculata
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:C. paniculata
454:
444:
442:
438:
429:
427:
426:C. paniculata
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569:or known in
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510:North Island
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107:Ranunculales
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1637:kew-2726504
1531:iNaturalist
1438:Wikispecies
1377:(1): 1–10.
1301:10125/13768
1286:(1): 1–28.
1239:Elsevier BV
763:Te Māra Reo
685:J. F. Gmel"
471:A. otagense
461:New Zealand
420:waterlogged
412:New Zealand
390:germination
303:lobed. The
291:Description
245:New Zealand
84:Angiosperms
1690:Categories
1632:Plant List
1355:0868631264
694:14 January
668:References
408:brown soil
259:puawānanga
225:puawānanga
1326:March 30,
1106:April 18,
1075:April 18,
960:: 20–21.
884:April 18,
492:species.
441:honey bee
382:unisexual
300:evergreen
166:J.F.Gmel.
135:Species:
54:Kingdom:
1696:Clematis
1657:VASCAN:
1562:10671686
1549:709949-1
1429:Q5131218
1423:Wikidata
1391:38492472
1093:Clematis
981:NZ Flora
490:Clematis
174:Synonyms
128:Clematis
113:Family:
97:Eudicots
1624:1016472
1510:3033548
1484:5527379
771:. 2023.
742:5 April
634:Gallery
612:endemic
535:Dunedin
506:Dunedin
453:endemic
368:Ecology
357:Habitat
324:achenes
233:species
231:) is a
186:Willd.
123:Genus:
103:Order:
58:Plantae
1595:NZOR:
1588:384955
1575:511128
1536:194530
1523:419675
1458:805760
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1245:
880:. 2014
620:exotic
618:or an
616:native
571:Te Reo
548:aphids
463:, and
386:stamen
320:sepals
316:unisex
298:is an
263:Puapua
241:family
229:puapua
198:Hook.
195:lobata
1660:19590
1606:NZPCN
1557:IRMNG
1497:CLVPN
1471:5YZ5T
1387:S2CID
758:"Pua"
595:Maori
584:spawn
575:Maori
552:aphid
520:Virus
447:Rusts
347:South
343:North
330:Range
314:is a
222:Māori
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1645:POWO
1611:1683
1583:NCBI
1570:ITIS
1544:IPNI
1518:GRIN
1505:GBIF
1492:EPPO
1453:BOLD
1350:ISBN
1328:2020
1243:ISBN
1108:2020
1077:2020
886:2020
825:"1.
795:"12
744:2012
696:2018
580:eels
349:and
220:(in
193:var.
1668:WFO
1479:EoL
1466:CoL
1379:doi
1296:hdl
1288:doi
1211:doi
1142:doi
1027:doi
962:doi
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588:eel
504:in
478:is
459:in
281:or
267:pua
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