2122:
7275:
4021:
6616:
479:
63:
4507:
4496:
10168:
3728:
2132:
6575:
4352:
119:
4247:
2105:
10156:
4135:
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10130:
4345:
4254:
6507:
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4426:
4653:
refrains from drafting specific policies, instead using the informal networks and site visits to affirm or suggest changes to the direction of local policy experiments or pilot programs. The typical approach is that central government leadership begins drafting formal policies, law, or regulations after policy has been developed at local levels.
3821:, are elected by, answerable to, and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. The CCP controls appointments in all state bodies through a two-thirds majority in the NPC. The remaining seats are held by nominally independent delegates and
3954:, "specially when meeting foreigners, officials may present name cards bearing government titles but stay quiet about party positions which may or may not outrank their state jobs." According to scholar Rush Doshi, "he Party sits above the state, runs parallel to the state, and is enmeshed in every level of the state."
4445:(PLA), the People's Armed Police, and the Militia. It operates within the CCP under the name "Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China", and as the military arm of the central government under the name "Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China". Under the arrangement of "
4645:, resulting in a policy approach that combined centralized leadership with intense mass mobilization, and that this mode of governance is defined by continuous experimentation and improvisation. According to academics Jérôme Doyon and Chloé Froissart, the adaptive capacity resulting from a heritage of
4098:
has sought to institute property taxes since the early 2010s, but opposition from the NPC (as well as local governments) have prevented any property tax proposals from reaching the NPC's legislative agenda. The NPC Standing
Committee is more assertive than the NPC itself and has vetoed proposed laws.
3923:
and public institutes include CCP committees, from the village level to the national level. The CCP committees in government bodies supervise and lead the bodies, with the State
Council legally required to implement CCP policies. As outlined by the CCP constitution: "Government, the military, society
4652:
New policies are often tested locally before being applied more widely, resulting in a policy process that involves experimentation and feedback. This method of first implementing policy through local pilot testing was also used during the Mao era. Generally, high level central government leadership
4598:
areas. The 1994 fiscal reforms resulted in the need of local governments to generate non-tax revenue, which they did in the form of revenues through land development and use fees. This resulted in their increase in both administrative size and geographic size. From 2002 to at least 2023, the cost of
4089:
The NPC generally has a reputation of approving the work of the State
Council and not engaging in overmuch drafting of laws itself. However, it and its Standing Committee have occasionally asserted themselves. For example, the State Council and the CCP were unable to secure passage of a fuel tax in
3988:
in 1975 shortened the constitution to just about 30 articles, containing CCP slogans and revolutionary language throughout. The role of courts was slashed, and the
Presidency was gone. The 3rd promulgation in 1978 expanded the number of articles, but was still under the influence of the very-recent
3918:
states that the party is the highest force for political leadership. The party's institutions overlap with government institutions and the party has authority over government decisions at both the local and central levels. Senior government officials throughout the country are appointed by the CCP,
5775:
If Xi relinquished the presidency in 2023 but remained party chief and chairman of the
Central Military commission (CMC), his successor as president would be nothing more than a symbolic figure... "Once the president is neither the party's general secretary nor the CMC chairman, he or she will be
4186:
Ranked below the party's
Politburo Standing Committee are deputy state leaders including the party's chief staff, vice premiers, and the party secretaries of China's most important municipalities and provinces.Ministers and provincial governors are next in rank, followed by deputy ministers and
4155:
consists of the government's top leadership. Historically it has had five to nine members. As of 2024, it has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the
Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session.
4669:
attributes China's state capacity to: (1) the legitimacy of its political system as viewed by its citizens, (2) the ability to exercise social control and regulation, (3) coercive resources, (4) the capacity to consult and collaborate with emerging social groups and organizations to balance
4296:
with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system. The office is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an
5126:
Although the party has long dominated — in theory and practice — the government of China (a dominance enshrined in the seventh paragraph of the preamble to the current constitution), in practice the intensity of its control has oscillated at different moments...in the history of the
4187:
deputy provincial governors. Ministry director generals and sub provincial municipality mayors rank below this, followed by ministry deputy director generals and third-tier city mayors. There are five ranks below these which reach to the base of the government and party hierarchies.
3957:
The integration of the CCP and the state has accelerated under Xi
Jinping, chairing eight party commissions that direct government bodies. Under Xi, several government and party bodies have also merged, with one party organization having an external state government name under the
4297:
administrative post; theoretically, the president serves at the pleasure of the
National People's Congress, the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current president is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013.
4304:. Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution, after which the office became vacant. The office was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982, but with reduced powers. The official English-language
4539:, as special administrative regions, have separate judicial systems based on British common law traditions and Portuguese civil-law traditions, respectively. The judges of the Supreme People's Court are appointed by the National People's Congress.
6025:
3935:. The proposals included abolishing CCP committees from some government departments, increasing the influence of the State Council, and having professional managers leader SOEs instead of CCP committees. These proposals were abandoned after the
1509:
5083:
3864:. The CCP general secretary is China's leading official since the CCP is tasked with formulating and setting national policy which the state, after being adopted by the NPC or relevant state organ, is responsible for implementing.
658:
2771:
4394:
is the cabinet of China. It is officially appointed by the National People's Congress and is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency. The premier is assisted by several
4637:, China has been characterized by a high degree of political centralization but significant economic decentralization. The central government sets the strategic direction while local officials carry it out. Academics
4032:
The National People's Congress (NPC) is the national legislature of China. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is structured as a
4679:
4603:
has devolved to local governments from the central government and therefore local governments need to generate fees to provide public services. Local governments are the key provider of public of goods in China.
3517:
2083:
2500:
1531:
2529:
2199:
5095:
It includes specific clauses saying the council will closely follow the Communist Party's ideology, leadership and instructions, further defining its role as faithful policy implementer of the ruling party.
2516:
4201:
Power is concentrated in the "paramount leader," an informal title currently occupied by Xi Jinping, who heads the four most important political and state offices: He is the general secretary of the CCP
2037:
1400:
4611:
has resulted in the consolidation of planning processes that were formerly distributed across different bureaucracies, such as urban and rural land use, tourism planning, and environmental planning.
5461:
4086:. These annual meetings are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC, providing an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation.
5762:
2063:
2024:
3948:, states that, "he Chinese government is essentially the shadow of the Communist Party, moving as the party does, and consequently government roles matter far less than party ones." According to
837:
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5839:
7308:
4168:
3845:
2050:
1521:
1417:
631:
216:
5073:
1396:
7430:
4172:
4040:, with the power to legislate, to oversee the operations of the government, and to elect the major officials of state. Its delegates are elected for a five-year term through a multi-tiered
2506:
640:
228:
8757:
6583:
3836:
The NPC meets annually for about two weeks in March to review and approve major new policy directions, and in between those sessions, delegates its powers to the working legislature, the
2425:
2093:
2068:
5872:
4625:
China's civil service is divided into tiers. The highest tiers (including department chiefs, deputy department chiefs, and section chiefs) have significant involvement in policy-making.
3996:
The current constitution is the PRC's fourth promulgation, declared on 4 December 1982, and has served as a stable constitution for 30 years. The legal power of the CCP is guaranteed by
2011:
4730:
The "Paramount leader" is not a formal title, that the leader is usually holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
9394:
613:
5992:
3883:. It consists of ministries and agencies with specific portfolios. The State Council presents most initiatives to the NPCSC for consideration after previous endorsement by the CCP's
3424:
915:
3813:, there is only one branch of government which is represented by the legislature. The CCP through the NPC enacts unified leadership, which requires that all state organs, from the
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2073:
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556:
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2121:
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and its position as the supreme political authority in the People's Republic of China is put in practice through its comprehensive control of the state, military, and media.
3898:(SPP) is responsible for prosecutions and supervises procuracies at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels. At the same administrative ranking as the SPC and SPP, the
7252:
6005:
Xi Jinping has introduced major institutional changes to strengthen his control of the PLA in his roles as Party leader and chair of the Central Military Commission (CMC)...
4892:
Xi Jinping is the most powerful figure in China's political system, and his influence mainly comes from his position as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.
4591:
While operating under strict control and supervision by the central government, China's local governments manage relatively high share of fiscal revenues and expenditures.
4548:
4176:
4119:
1880:
1406:
649:
570:
4857:
But Clarke and other scholars make the point that Xi's real power lies not in his post as president but in his position as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.
4449:", both commissions have identical personnel, organization and function, and operate under both the party and state systems. The commission is headed by the CMC Chairman.
1985:
1844:
1646:
3902:(NSC) was established in 2018 to investigate corruption within the CCP and state organs. All courts and their personnel are subject to the effective control of the CCP's
9542:
7405:
7221:
4152:
3884:
2344:
1597:
1364:
1211:
1155:
731:
7274:
6615:
4565:(SARS) have some local autonomy since they have separate governments, legal systems, and basic constitutional laws, but they come under Beijing's control in matters of
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2816:
1714:
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3837:
3532:
1636:
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1505:
4739:
It is listed as such in the current Constitution; it is thus equivalent to organs such as the State Council, rather than to offices such as that of the premier.
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1557:
1545:
1371:
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739:
685:
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622:
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67:
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2113:
1876:
1184:
306:
6087:
Kadochnikov, Denis V. (29 December 2019). "Fiscal decentralization and regional budgets' changing roles: a comparative case study of Russia and China".
8722:
8608:
7329:
7163:
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4620:
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4325:
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38:
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1956:
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1295:
886:
726:
711:
4167:) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the general secretary (also the president), premier,
3890:
China's judicial organs are political organs that perform prosecutorial and court functions. Because of their political nature, China does not have
10085:
8672:
7226:
7211:
5638:
4407:
that regularly convenes for the State Council Executive Meeting. The State Council includes 26 constituent ministries, and officially oversees the
4203:
4156:
According to the CCP's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee.
4142:
3849:
3559:
2220:
1893:
1195:
1124:
1113:
1103:
147:
4047:
The NPC and the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various
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5705:
4879:
4335:
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3577:
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2881:
2088:
1172:
865:
592:
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3903:
3292:
2674:
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1616:
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1148:
538:
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8113:
7837:
7247:
5984:
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1803:
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has made the CCP adept in dealing with uncertainty and has translated into a capacity to experiment first and then systemize the results.
3848:, one of China's top officials. The president represents China abroad, though since the 1990s, the presidency has always been held by the
8123:
7264:
4913:
4558:
3936:
3915:
3765:
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1849:
1458:
1094:
981:
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5413:
Liao, Xingmiu; Tsai, Wen-Hsuan (2019). "Clientelistic State Corporatism: The United Front Model of "Pairing-Up" in the Xi Jinping Era".
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are appointed by the State Council after receiving the nominal consent of the National People's Congress (NPC). The Hong Kong and Macau
8453:
7467:
7393:
7233:
7084:
6605:
4594:
Through the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the municipal government regulatory mechanisms expanded, as did their capacity to regulate
4300:
The office was first established in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and
4180:
2321:
2208:
1808:
1572:
1168:
561:
10095:
7832:
7669:
7478:
6384:
3931:, there were proposals to increase the separation of the state and the party, especially advocated by more liberal officials such as
2785:
2586:
2279:
2230:
1430:
4834:
8792:
8777:
8677:
8534:
8492:
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3329:
3309:
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2157:
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815:
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517:
5555:
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7193:
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4269:
4164:
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3153:
2907:
1602:
985:
10009:
9547:
8698:
8026:
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The State Council, also referred to as the Central People's Government, consists of, besides the Premier, a variable number of
3633:
3569:
1832:
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1000:
994:
966:
773:
4527:
The Supreme People's Court is the judicial organ of the People's Republic of China and is subject to the control of the CCP's
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8787:
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7827:
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34:
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The NPC, elected for a term of five years, holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the
10064:
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8133:
7882:
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30:
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and have no real power. They must accept the primacy of the CCP to exist and their members are preapproved by the CCP's
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of the PRC. Near the end of Hu Jintao's term in office, experts observed growing limitations to the paramount leader's
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264:
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8438:
7844:
5588:
4792:"Personal Networks and Grassroots Election Participation in China: Findings from the Chinese General Social Survey"
4468:
3920:
3830:
2891:
2713:
2627:
2432:
9844:
9465:
9213:
8957:
8886:
8443:
8171:
8138:
8011:
7819:
7383:
6924:
6537:
4464:
4458:
3899:
3758:
3542:
2927:
2258:
240:
5010:"Party-state relations under China's Communist Party: separation of powers, control over government and reforms"
10090:
9522:
9162:
6598:
6556:
5275:
5173:
4446:
4399:, currently four, each of them overseeing a certain area of administration. The premier, vice premiers and the
3959:
3783:
3194:
2718:
2398:
2030:
1969:
1567:
1549:
895:
398:
331:
5964:
Wang, Yongsheng; Li, Yüping (2007). "Lijie Zhonggong Zhongyang Junshi Weiyuanhui de zucheng ji lishi beijing"
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4709:
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575:
412:
345:
96:
10188:
9645:
9640:
9052:
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8311:
8279:
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7447:
4642:
4506:
4313:
4068:
4044:. According to the Constitution, the NPC is the highest state institution within China's political system.
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3299:
3189:
3168:
3033:
3020:
2553:
2464:
2454:
2388:
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788:
783:
504:
6242:
Decentralized Authoritarianism in China: The Communist Party's Control of Local Elites in the Post-Mao Era
478:
62:
29:
This article is about the government of the People's Republic of China. For the government of Taiwan, see
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4909:"Judicialization in authoritarian regimes: The expansion of powers of the Chinese Supreme People's Court"
4554:
4442:
4316:", although the Chinese title remains unchanged. In March 2018, presidential term limits were abolished.
4095:
3840:(NPCSC). This organ adopts most national legislation, interprets the constitution and laws, and conducts
3620:
3280:
2754:
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2108:
1998:
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291:
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6173:
5968:[The make-up and historical background of past iterations of the Central Military Commission].
3856:
has no power other than what the president bestowed on them but assists the president. The head of the
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3714:
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2706:
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1026:
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5308:Šebok, Filip (2023). "China's Political System". In Kironska, Kristina; Turscanyi, Richard Q. (eds.).
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4479:, it supervises all public officials who exercise public power. It closely operates together with the
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Doyon, Jérôme; Froissart, Chloé (2024). "Introduction". In Doyon, Jérôme; Froissart, Chloé (eds.).
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4874:
4588:. While most are run by appointed officials, some lower-level jurisdictions have direct elections.
4075:
4048:
3977:
3894:. China's courts are supervised by the Supreme People's Court (SPC), which answers to the NPC. The
3587:
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3148:
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2125:
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1031:
803:
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3797:(CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses. This system is based on the principle of
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Under the PRC's constitution, the President of the People's Republic of China is a largely
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2934:
2596:
2488:
2437:
1978:
1928:
1352:
1021:
1011:
881:
6551:
8:
10105:
10074:
10024:
9984:
9959:
9939:
9874:
9849:
9839:
9747:
9650:
9495:
9389:
9384:
9354:
9312:
9235:
9198:
9118:
9103:
8932:
8893:
8214:
8118:
7869:
7654:
7644:
7614:
7599:
7594:
7579:
7574:
7539:
7501:
7486:
7048:
5659:
5226:
4404:
3990:
3651:
3451:
3354:
3319:
3228:
3163:
2991:
2809:
2274:
2004:
1690:
1069:
900:
547:
172:
42:
5610:
9944:
9909:
9864:
9859:
9537:
9532:
9517:
9369:
9337:
9332:
9225:
9147:
9135:
9044:
8710:
8630:
8618:
8586:
8241:
8236:
8154:
7854:
7710:
7619:
7609:
7544:
7524:
7511:
7317:
6745:
6574:
6445:
6376:
6222:
6112:
5794:
5692:
5634:
5545:
5432:
4704:
4638:
4581:
4408:
4351:
4283:
4211:
3818:
3470:
3304:
2960:
2946:
2415:
1632:
1500:
1436:
1410:
1081:
1059:
1051:
860:
690:
192:
118:
4483:
of the CCP, and effectively acts as the state arm of the CCDI. It replaced the former
10129:
9596:
9588:
9302:
9169:
9140:
9098:
9027:
8984:
8942:
8809:
8749:
8521:
8458:
8320:
8101:
8071:
7897:
7694:
7664:
7584:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7549:
7529:
7519:
7172:
6481:
6449:
6417:
6388:
6356:
6317:
6288:
6257:
6212:
6177:
6148:
6116:
6104:
6058:
5913:
5903:
5799:
5732:
5697:
5424:
5395:
5385:
5348:
5317:
5240:
5230:
5184:
5115:
4977:
4932:
4815:
4699:
4646:
4595:
4585:
4570:
4222:
in October 2017, Xi Jinping's term limits were removed and his powers were expanded.
3615:
3265:
3235:
3028:
2966:
2917:
2632:
2135:
469:
6226:
3976:
The Constitution of the PRC was first created on 20 September 1954, before which an
9714:
9707:
9606:
9601:
9527:
9455:
9374:
9289:
9279:
9250:
9186:
9181:
9015:
8989:
8974:
8859:
8837:
8821:
8727:
8176:
8166:
8006:
7799:
7784:
7776:
7344:
7334:
7293:
7105:
7053:
6346:
6249:
6096:
5262:
5222:
4922:
4839:
4805:
4749:
4400:
4381:
4367:
4331:
4196:
4138:
4079:
3872:
3861:
3555:
3172:
2164:
1756:
1696:
1038:
853:
582:
435:
368:
204:
180:
6170:
China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations
6100:
3942:
On the relationship between the government and the CCP, James Palmer, writing for
3833:
have internal CCP committees that lead the decision-making in these institutions.
10160:
9322:
9317:
9240:
9191:
9152:
8816:
8398:
8204:
8091:
7376:
7120:
6310:
Cinematic Guerillas: Propaganda, Projectionists, and Audiences in Socialist China
5753:"Does Chinese leader Xi Jinping plan to hang on to power for more than 10 years?"
5488:
5377:
5074:"Xi's dominance in Chinese politics to grow with change to State Council: expert"
4965:
3790:
3610:
3214:
2142:
529:
299:
4670:
conflicting interests, and (5) the ability to learn from failures and mistakes.
9723:
9655:
9578:
9425:
9379:
9364:
9359:
9342:
9327:
9113:
8468:
8463:
8393:
7979:
6474:
Developmental Piece: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding
5985:"Party Congress Reshuffle Strengthens Xi's Hold on Central Military Commission"
5145:
4810:
4791:
4666:
4662:
4566:
3944:
3485:
3074:
3038:
3008:
2952:
2601:
2056:
1974:
1942:
1423:
927:
5399:
5339:"Explainer: what is China's 'two sessions' gathering, and why does it matter?"
5244:
4573:, and their chief executives are effectively handpicked by the CCP Politburo.
10182:
10123:
9688:
9435:
9269:
9108:
8910:
8231:
8219:
8061:
7922:
7130:
7033:
6511:
6253:
6200:
6108:
6062:
5917:
5803:
5701:
5428:
5352:
5188:
5179:
4936:
4819:
4034:
3950:
3928:
3798:
3787:
3116:
2700:
2533:
1962:
1765:
1738:
1724:
1064:
808:
670:
4490:
4246:
10172:
9728:
9613:
9485:
9450:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8036:
8031:
8021:
7939:
7934:
7125:
5584:
5415:
5343:
5107:
4641:
and Elizabeth Perry write that policy-making in China is influenced by the
4056:
3985:
3732:
3704:
3043:
2973:
2682:
1903:
1795:
1772:
1745:
1537:
1200:
442:
375:
4927:
4908:
3809:
as "the highest state organ of power." As China's political system has no
10133:
9307:
8224:
8209:
8016:
7974:
7969:
7917:
7012:
6516:
5830:"New work rules for China's State Council put the party firmly in charge"
4305:
4275:
4183:
have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee.
4179:, the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked secretary of the
4037:
3932:
3341:
3223:
3129:
2982:
2897:
2559:
2522:
2510:
2017:
1472:
1287:
1273:
798:
644:
596:
233:
10155:
5436:
4134:
2200:
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
9480:
8388:
8199:
7927:
6962:
5633:
is the most powerful figure in the Chinese political system. He is the
5630:
4359:
4301:
4293:
4261:
4145:
3391:
3335:
2835:
2735:
2622:
2264:
2236:
2043:
1910:
1886:
1779:
1640:
1418:
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
1302:
1257:
1218:
1204:
1188:
1135:
653:
617:
608:
586:
542:
533:
311:
245:
197:
185:
152:
9739:
6351:
3924:
and schools, north, south, east and west – the party leads them all."
9490:
9445:
8383:
8324:
7017:
6342:
6141:
Ecological States: Politics of Science and Nature in Urbanizing China
5790:"China's Legislature Blesses Xi's Indefinite Rule. It Was 2,958 to 2"
5313:
5045:"China passes law granting Communist Party more control over cabinet"
4532:
4344:
4253:
3270:
3095:
2873:
2858:
2831:
2348:
1731:
1666:
1525:
1377:
1318:
1231:
1006:
635:
281:
269:
221:
7141:
3875:(protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), the
9565:
9558:
8871:
6410:
Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution
6280:
5519:
4373:
4309:
3397:
2186:
2168:
1991:
1935:
1704:
1310:
1267:
1227:
626:
551:
209:
5729:
Party of One: The Rise of Xi Jinping and China's Superpower Future
4173:
chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
7994:
7989:
7984:
7741:
6510:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
6442:
Social Credit: The Warring States of China's Emerging Data Empire
5049:
4970:
China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict
4764:
continues to have the meaning of "chairman" in a generic context.
4083:
2758:
5215:
The Long Game: China's Grand Strategy to Displace American Order
3909:
9660:
6381:
Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China's Rise
6049:"China Is Sending Its Corruption Hunters to a Country Near You"
3059:
2850:
2823:
1652:
1345:
1332:
1279:
1242:
1235:
1016:
5688:"China Moves to Let Xi Stay in Power by Abolishing Term Limit"
5546:"16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 2002"
4835:"View China's Xi as Party Leader, Not President, Scholars Say"
2844:
Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1845:
State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
7772:
6623:
4536:
4471:) agency of China. At the same administrative ranking as the
4177:
secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3497:
3100:
6568:
5933:"China's new State Council: What analysts might have missed"
107:
4425:
4549:
Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
4124:
4120:
List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
2817:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
5867:
4491:
Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate
4441:(CMC) exercises the supreme command and control over the
5637:, but his real influence comes from his position as the
4756:(主席) while the Presidents of other countries are termed
3919:
and are mostly CCP members. All government departments,
6285:
The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism
10144:
2290:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
447:
380:
6018:"People's Republic of China Supervision Law (draft)"
5686:
Buckley, Chris; Bradsher, Keith (25 February 2018).
4016:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
3111:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
659:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
6412:. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis:
3362:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
6339:The Chinese Communist Party: a 100-Year Trajectory
5577:"China's Next Leaders: A Guide to What's at Stake"
5259:Law and Politics in the People's Republic of China
5172:
4542:
4452:
3982:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
3881:ministers and other cabinet-level department heads
124:
5114:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 445.
4109:List of leaders of the People's Republic of China
3962:system, further integrating party and the state.
1598:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation
68:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
10180:
5788:Buckley, Chris; Myers, Steven Lee (2018-03-11).
5639:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
4312:"; after 1982, this translation was changed to "
4238:Vice President of the People's Republic of China
4159:The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in
5776:hollowed out, just like a body without a soul."
5685:
4621:Civil service of the People's Republic of China
4326:State Council of the People's Republic of China
3829:and support the CCP. All government bodies and
3538:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
6336:
5930:
5863:"Meet the 4 men tapped to run China's economy"
5257:Ralph H. Folsom, John H. Minan, Lee Ann Otto,
4529:Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission
4414:
3972:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
3904:Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission
2765:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
763:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
33:. For the governments in Chinese history, see
9755:
9408:
7757:
7157:
6978:
6599:
5931:Cheng, Li; Prytherch, Mallie (7 March 2023).
5452:"Are there other political parties in China?"
4003:
3910:Relationship with the Chinese Communist Party
3759:
2882:National Press and Publication Administration
1583:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
417:
403:
350:
336:
7248:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
5787:
4481:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
4336:Ministries of the People's Republic of China
3780:government of the People's Republic of China
3461:International Development Cooperation Agency
2913:National Radio and Television Administration
2079:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1809:National Development & Reform Commission
1387:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
1251:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
322:Government of the People's Republic of China
6086:
4914:International Journal of Constitutional Law
4832:
4232:President of the People's Republic of China
4208:Chairman of the Central Military Commission
4055:of China, and are often referred to as the
3937:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1686:State Council (Central People's Government)
1296:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
9762:
9748:
7764:
7750:
7164:
7150:
6985:
6971:
6606:
6592:
6573:
6138:
6047:Wong, Chun Han; Zhai, Keith (2023-03-29).
5611:"A simple guide to the Chinese government"
4163:. Historically, the general secretary (or
3766:
3752:
774:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
117:
6385:The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press
6350:
6143:. Environments of East Asia. Ithaca, NY:
5655:"Hu's visit spotlights China's two faces"
5376:
4926:
4809:
4790:Hao, Mingsong; Ke, Xiwang (5 July 2023).
3518:International Military Cooperation Office
2786:Office for Safeguarding National Security
1431:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
789:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
6992:
6375:
6046:
5893:
5569:
5449:
5412:
5336:
4580:and counties. Counties are divided into
4505:
4494:
4467:(NSC) is the highest state supervisory (
4424:
4218:control over the government, but at the
4133:
4123:
4019:
3330:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
3310:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
2158:National Defense Mobilization Commission
1365:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
9769:
6439:
6407:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6126:
5652:
5384:. Cambridge: Polity Press. p. 50.
5303:
5301:
4553:The governors of China's provinces and
3606:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2675:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
2355:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
779:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
14:
10181:
8699:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
6467:
6465:
6435:
6433:
6275:
6273:
6239:
6233:
6195:
6193:
5963:
5667:from the original on 30 September 2013
5106:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4576:Below the provincial level, there are
4169:chairman of the NPC Standing Committee
4113:
3634:China and the World Trade Organization
3570:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2707:Public Security Organs People's Police
1001:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
9743:
7745:
7171:
7145:
6966:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6937:
6935:
6930:
6928:
6923:
6921:
6916:
6914:
6909:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6805:
6763:
6761:
6744:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6587:
6028:from the original on 12 November 2017
5827:
5708:from the original on 15 November 2020
5310:Contemporary China: a New Superpower?
5307:
5286:from the original on 26 February 2023
5212:
5138:
5071:
4789:
4752:, the President of the PRC is termed
4690:History of political parties in China
4680:Central People's Government (1949–54)
4628:
4129:Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
3852:. Elected separately by the NPC, the
3053:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
3002:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2742:State Security Organs People's Police
2298:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
2231:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
2064:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
6471:
6401:
6167:
6123:
5995:from the original on 26 October 2019
5731:. Simon & Schuster. p. 24.
5726:
5484:"China bites the bullet on fuel tax"
5298:
5039:
5037:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4902:
4900:
4847:from the original on 22 October 2022
4797:Journal of Chinese Political Science
4559:directly administered municipalities
4090:2009 to finance the construction of
3860:, the NPC's executive organ, is the
3493:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
3315:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
35:Government of China (disambiguation)
9395:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
6462:
6430:
6330:
6301:
6279:
6270:
6199:
6190:
6161:
5924:
5821:
5765:from the original on 7 October 2017
5653:Higgins, Andrew (16 January 2011).
5481:
5406:
5174:"What party control means in China"
4943:
4906:
4695:Political systems of Imperial China
4685:Five Yuans of the Republic of China
4609:National New-Type Urbanization Plan
4421:Central Military Commission (China)
4190:
3598:National Immigration Administration
2643:Federation of Industry and Commerce
2280:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
2038:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
839:General Principles of the Civil Law
31:Government of the Republic of China
24:
8533:
7771:
6307:
6205:How China Escaped the Poverty Trap
5982:
5894:Heilmann, Sebastian (2016-12-08).
5860:
5587:. 13 November 2012. Archived from
5443:
5268:
5227:10.1093/oso/9780197527917.001.0001
5165:
5153:from the original on 15 March 2023
5065:
5007:
4964:
4870:"How the Chinese government works"
3386:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
3068:Cyberspace Administration of China
1075:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
25:
10205:
8690:Political Consultative Conference
7426:Political Consultative Conference
6531:
5945:from the original on 19 June 2023
5875:from the original on 19 June 2023
5842:from the original on 19 June 2023
5551:China Internet Information Center
5265:(St. Paul, 1992), pp. 76–77.
5034:
4990:
4897:
4656:
3639:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2496:Political Consultative Conference
2084:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
2069:Science and Technology Commission
2025:Training and Administration Dept.
1872:Central Military Commission (CMC)
1045:Scientific Outlook on Development
769:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
382:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zhèngfǔ
10166:
10154:
10128:
10119:
10118:
9476:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
9471:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
7273:
6614:
6505:
6240:Landry, Pierre F. (2008-08-04).
5972:(in Chinese (China)) (6): 11–14.
5828:Zheng, William (28 March 2023).
5450:Baptista, Eduardo (2021-06-11).
5022:from the original on 28 May 2023
4882:from the original on 12 May 2018
4614:
4433:compound ("August 1st Building")
4350:
4343:
4319:
4252:
4245:
4153:CCP Politburo Standing Committee
3801:, in which the legislature, the
3726:
2892:State Council Information Office
2714:State Immigration Administration
2130:
2120:
2103:
2051:Discipline Inspection Commission
1573:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
784:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
477:
61:
9466:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
8663:Political parties and movements
8027:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
8012:Northern and Southern dynasties
7384:National Supervisory Commission
6925:National Supervisory Commission
6369:
6080:
6069:from the original on 2023-06-23
6040:
6010:
5976:
5957:
5887:
5854:
5810:from the original on 2019-10-26
5781:
5745:
5720:
5679:
5646:
5621:from the original on 2018-05-13
5603:
5558:from the original on 2007-10-18
5538:
5527:from the original on 2020-04-13
5507:
5496:from the original on 2020-04-13
5475:
5464:from the original on 2022-06-08
5370:
5359:from the original on 2023-03-31
5330:
5251:
5206:
5195:from the original on 2023-03-11
5139:James, Palmer (15 March 2023).
5132:
5100:
5086:from the original on 2024-03-07
4742:
4733:
4543:Provincial and local government
4465:National Supervisory Commission
4459:National Supervisory Commission
4453:National Supervisory Commission
3965:
3900:National Supervisory Commission
3543:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
2928:China Global Television Network
2908:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2772:Bureau of Prison Administration
2332:People's Courts Judicial Police
2259:National Supervisory Commission
1340:Office of the General Secretary
10086:British Indian Ocean Territory
7401:Supreme People's Procuratorate
7260:Provincial standing committees
6939:Supreme People's Procuratorate
5337:Davidson, Helen (2023-03-01).
4862:
4833:Natalie Liu (7 October 2022).
4826:
4783:
4724:
4563:special administrative regions
4523:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4477:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4447:one institution with two names
4411:governments throughout China.
3980:-like document created by the
3960:one institution with two names
3896:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3662:China–European Union relations
3154:Special administrative regions
2339:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1578:Financial and Economic Affairs
448:
418:
404:
381:
351:
337:
13:
1:
6632:
6414:University of Minnesota Press
6172:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
6101:10.1080/23792949.2019.1705171
5072:Zheng, William (2024-03-06).
5008:Ma, Josephine (17 May 2021).
4771:
4710:Orders of precedence in China
4102:
4061:eight minor political parties
3823:eight minor political parties
3682:China–United States relations
3667:China–Latin America relations
3528:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
3124:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2867:Central Propaganda Department
2719:Local public security bureaus
2094:Offices Administration Agency
1603:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
8768:Ministry of National Defense
8107:Chinese Communist Revolution
7448:United Front Work Department
6557:Resources in other libraries
5983:Li, Nan (26 February 2018).
5515:"National People's Congress"
4776:
4643:Chinese Communist Revolution
4431:Ministry of National Defense
4225:
4069:United Front Work Department
3885:Politburo Standing Committee
3629:China and the United Nations
3533:CCP International Department
3513:Ministry of National Defense
3440:Diplomatic missions of China
3300:Taiwan independence movement
3021:Publishing industry in China
2554:United Front Work Department
2399:Regular Disciplined Services
2389:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
2195:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
2177:Ministry of National Defense
1212:National Security Commission
1052:Harmonious Socialist Society
943:Death sentence with reprieve
917:Administrative Procedure Law
7:
9431:Flowers of the Four Seasons
9416:Four Treasures of the Study
9035:Water supply and sanitation
8763:Central Military Commission
8758:Outline of military history
8508:Province-level subdivisions
7357:Central Military Commission
6918:Central Military Commission
6089:Area Development and Policy
4673:
4661:China has a high degree of
4439:Central Military Commission
4415:Central Military Commission
3786:within the parameters of a
3784:system of people's congress
3621:Community of Common Destiny
3411:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3281:Republic of China on Taiwan
2691:Ministry of Public Security
2012:Equipment Development Dept.
1179:Central Military Commission
10:
10210:
8704:Primary stage of socialism
8646:National People's Congress
8114:People's Republic of China
7299:National People's Congress
6648:National People's Congress
6624:People's Republic of China
6525:. Government and Politics.
6498:
6246:Cambridge University Press
6174:Cambridge University Press
6168:Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022).
6139:Rodenbiker, Jesse (2023).
6024:. China. 6 November 2017.
5861:He, Laura (4 March 2023).
5482:Jia, Hepeng (2009-01-08).
5280:National People's Congress
5213:Doshi, Rush (2021-09-30).
5141:"China Gets a New Premier"
4974:W. W. Norton & Company
4811:10.1007/s11366-023-09861-3
4618:
4546:
4516:
4456:
4418:
4329:
4323:
4235:
4229:
4194:
4117:
4106:
4026:National People's Congress
4013:
4010:National People's Congress
4007:
4004:National People's Congress
3969:
3807:constitutionally enshrined
3803:National People's Congress
3276:Political status of Taiwan
2726:Ministry of State Security
2426:Public Prosecutions Office
2226:Military reform since 2015
1838:Deputy Secretaries-General
1608:Social Development Affairs
1489:National People's Congress
1027:Primary stage of socialism
995:Admission Oath (Article 6)
562:Current provincial leaders
97:National People's Congress
51:People's Republic of China
28:
10114:
10073:
10033:
9775:
9701:
9669:
9587:
9508:
9288:
9094:
9085:
9043:
9003:
8845:
8836:
8748:
8599:
8529:
8520:
8483:
8454:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
8409:
8343:
8252:
8190:
8162:
8153:
8082:
7960:
7908:
7868:
7792:
7783:
7723:
7703:
7680:
7633:
7510:
7477:
7456:
7416:
7282:
7271:
7202:
7179:
7098:
7062:
7026:
7000:
6899:
6897:
6889:
6887:
6879:
6877:
6869:
6867:
6859:
6857:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6803:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6757:
6755:
6753:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6677:
6675:
6630:
6552:Resources in your library
6523:Federal Research Division
6478:Columbia University Press
6440:Brussee, Vincent (2023).
6314:Columbia University Press
5276:"中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会代表名单"
4907:Ahl, Björn (2019-05-06).
4429:The CMC is housed in the
4063:participate, but are non-
3984:was in force. The second
3657:China–Caribbean relations
3241:Mainland & Macau CEPA
2940:China Radio International
2887:China Film Administration
2074:Strategic Planning Office
1804:Cabinet-level departments
896:Intellectual property law
459:
441:
434:
429:
425:
411:
397:
392:
374:
367:
362:
358:
344:
330:
326:
321:
305:
287:
275:
263:
251:
239:
227:
215:
203:
191:
179:
163:
158:
146:
136:
131:
102:
92:
74:
60:
55:
9835:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
9629:Catholic Church in China
8773:People's Liberation Army
8740:One country, two systems
7367:People's Liberation Army
7039:Civil service commission
6254:10.1017/cbo9780511510243
6209:Cornell University Press
6145:Cornell University Press
5989:The Jamestown Foundation
5965:
5900:Rowman & Littlefield
5896:China's Political System
5835:South China Morning Post
5758:South China Morning Post
5615:South China Morning Post
5457:South China Morning Post
5112:Maoism: A Global History
5079:South China Morning Post
5015:South China Morning Post
4875:South China Morning Post
4717:
4443:People's Liberation Army
4076:Great Hall of the People
3927:Under the leadership of
3700:Administrative divisions
3481:Belt and Road Initiative
3178:Hong Kong SAR Government
3149:One country, two systems
3137:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2923:China Central Television
2433:Secretariat for Security
2109:People's Liberation Army
1850:most Central Enterprises
1593:Overseas Chinese Affairs
1032:Four Cardinal Principles
399:Traditional Chinese
332:Traditional Chinese
292:People's Liberation Army
10096:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
9461:Four Pillars of Destiny
9246:Regional discrimination
8668:Chinese Communist Party
6054:The Wall Street Journal
5727:Wong, Chun Han (2023).
5219:Oxford University Press
4635:Chinese economic reform
4485:Ministry of Supervision
3921:state-owned enterprises
3844:, and is headed by the
3831:state-owned enterprises
3795:Chinese Communist Party
3672:China–Pacific relations
3551:Chinese nationality law
2443:Unitary Police Services
2100:National armed forces:
1516:Council of Chairpersons
1372:Organization Department
1104:National Party Congress
809:Socialist law tradition
686:Organization Department
413:Simplified Chinese
346:Simplified Chinese
141:Chinese Communist Party
9214:Science and technology
8887:Special economic zones
8139:persecution of Uyghurs
8067:Century of humiliation
7389:Supreme People's Court
6932:Supreme People's Court
6707:NPC Standing Committee
6518:China: A Country Study
6472:Meng, Wenting (2024).
4519:Supreme People's Court
4514:
4512:People's Procuratorate
4503:
4473:Supreme People's Court
4434:
4403:collectively form the
4148:
4131:
4059:. Aside from the CCP,
4049:people's organizations
4029:
3842:constitutional reviews
3838:NPC Standing Committee
3815:Supreme People's Court
3793:, in which the ruling
3677:China–Russia relations
3647:China–Africa relations
3476:China Development Bank
3452:Foreign aid from China
3293:"Taiwan Province", PRC
3261:Cross-Strait relations
3254:Cross-Strait relations
3207:Mainland & HK CEPA
2648:People's organizations
2455:Public Security Police
2404:Hong Kong Police Force
2365:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2316:Supreme People's Court
2221:Military modernization
1999:Logistic Support Dept.
732:Previous constitutions
605:Communist Party leader
500:Leadership generations
80:; 74 years ago
9421:Four Great Inventions
8805:People's Armed Police
7441:People's organization
7372:People's Armed Police
7116:Judicial independence
6408:Simpson, Tim (2023).
5938:Brookings Institution
4509:
4498:
4428:
4330:Further information:
4236:Further information:
4137:
4127:
4023:
3892:judicial independence
3850:CCP general secretary
3349:Taiwan Affairs Office
3200:Independence movement
3185:Politics of Hong Kong
2421:Court of Final Appeal
2382:Prosecutions Division
2377:Department of Justice
2370:Court of Final Appeal
2126:People's Armed Police
1819:National Audit Office
1450:Provincial committee
681:Collective leadership
676:Democratic centralism
557:Current state leaders
512:Hu–Wen Administration
296:People's Armed Police
10010:United Arab Emirates
9400:World Heritage Sites
8928:Foreign aid received
8636:Environmental policy
8434:Environmental policy
8429:Environmental issues
7111:Separation of duties
6994:Separation of powers
6620:Central state organs
6287:. New York: Viking.
6227:10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j
4078:on the west side of
3998:the PRC Constitution
3978:interim constitution
3811:separation of powers
3652:China–Arab relations
3584:Visa policy of China
3503:New Development Bank
3466:Ministry of Commerce
3229:Macau SAR Government
3142:Macau Liaison Office
2935:China National Radio
2618:Historical parties:
2438:Macau Security Force
1986:Political Work Dept.
1624:State representative
1568:Constitution and Law
1353:Central Guard Bureau
1022:Deng Xiaoping Theory
799:Chinese legal system
614:State representative
576:Orders of precedence
539:20th Party Politburo
518:Xi–Li Administration
241:Supervisory Director
10189:Government of China
10037:limited recognition
9770:Governments of Asia
9646:History of religion
9641:Freedom of religion
9496:Four Pests campaign
9441:Four Classic Novels
9053:Automotive industry
8933:Foreign aid program
8624:Pro-democratisation
8119:Cultural Revolution
7241:Military Commission
7027:Additional branches
6543:Government of China
6377:Heilmann, Sebastian
6022:China Law Translate
5966:历届中共中央军事委员会的组成及历史背景
5660:The Washington Post
5591:on 10 February 2013
5382:Getting China Wrong
5378:Friedberg, Aaron L.
4928:10.1093/icon/moz003
4220:19th Party Congress
4114:National leadership
4096:Ministry of Finance
4053:deliberative bodies
3991:Cultural Revolution
3799:unified state power
3430:Diplomatic missions
3402:Secretary-General:
3320:Chinese unification
3164:Hong Kong Basic Law
3034:Internet censorship
2992:Censorship in China
2749:Ministry of Justice
2275:Corruption in China
1647:Presidential Office
1286:Secretary-General:
1169:Central Secretariat
1070:Four Comprehensives
874:Labour Contract Law
804:Civil law tradition
641:Conference Chairman
530:4th Leadership Core
505:Succession of power
393:Government of China
229:Conference Chairman
173:Li Qiang Government
78:1 October 1949
52:
43:Li Qiang Government
9553:Population history
9533:Internal migration
9148:Harmonious Society
9023:Telecommunications
8980:Standard of living
8899:Online advertising
8651:Standing Committee
7406:Procurator-General
7304:Standing Committee
7222:Standing Committee
6446:Palgrave MacMillan
5795:The New York Times
5761:. 6 October 2017.
5693:The New York Times
5635:President of China
4760:(总统). Furthermore
4705:Elections in China
4639:Sebastian Heilmann
4629:Policy development
4557:and mayors of its
4555:autonomous regions
4515:
4504:
4435:
4308:of the title was "
4149:
4132:
4030:
3819:President of China
3471:Exim Bank of China
3305:Anti-Secession Law
3195:Pro-democracy camp
2961:China News Service
2947:Xinhua News Agency
2501:National Committee
2416:Judiciary of Macau
2345:Procurator-General
1558:Special Committees
1506:Standing Committee
1464:Deputy secretaries
1454:Standing committee
1397:Standing Committee
1358:Central Guard Unit
1156:Standing Committee
1060:Xi Jinping Thought
1017:Mao Zedong Thought
933:Capital punishment
911:Administrative law
650:Commander-in-chief
623:Head of government
548:14th State Council
265:Procurator General
48:
37:. For the current
18:Chinese government
10194:Asian governments
10142:
10141:
10079:other territories
9737:
9736:
9697:
9696:
9504:
9503:
9081:
9080:
9068:Shipping industry
8832:
8831:
8798:Strategic Support
8673:General Secretary
8658:National security
8641:Foreign relations
8595:
8594:
8516:
8515:
8479:
8478:
8182:Natural disasters
8149:
8148:
8102:Chinese Civil War
8097:Republic of China
8072:Taiping Rebellion
7945:Spring and Autumn
7850:Foreign relations
7739:
7738:
7719:
7718:
7673:
7471:
7227:General Secretary
7212:Central Committee
7173:Politics of China
7139:
7138:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6953:
6538:Library resources
6423:978-1-5179-0031-1
6394:978-962-996-827-4
6352:10.22459/CCP.2024
6294:978-1-9848-7828-1
6263:978-0-521-88235-4
6218:978-1-5017-0020-0
6183:978-1-009-04898-9
6154:978-1-5017-6900-9
5909:978-1-4422-7736-6
5391:978-1-509-54512-4
5323:978-1-03-239508-1
5236:978-0-19-752791-7
5183:. March 9, 2023.
5121:978-0-525-65605-0
4700:Politics of China
4647:guerrilla warfare
4571:national security
4388:
4387:
4384:
4370:
4294:ceremonial office
4290:
4289:
4286:
4272:
4204:Central Committee
4161:protocol sequence
4143:General Secretary
3877:secretary-general
3776:
3775:
3715:Ethnic minorities
3616:Beijing Consensus
3556:Chinese passports
3396:Deputy Director:
3379:Foreign relations
3266:Chinese Civil War
3236:Politics of Macau
3029:Internet in China
2918:China Media Group
2857:Deputy Director:
2794:Urban Management
2543:Political parties
2530:Secretary-General
2517:Vice-Chairpersons
2251:Supervisory organ
2136:China Coast Guard
1970:Joint Staff Dept.
1881:supreme commander
1833:Secretary-General
1792:Secretary-General
1546:Secretary-General
1532:Vice-Chairpersons
1309:Deputy Director:
1264:Deputy Directors:
1145:Central Politburo
1125:General Secretary
1114:Central Committee
974:Principal leaders
632:Congress Chairman
524:Xi Administration
520:(2012–2017)
514:(2002–2012)
470:Politics of China
463:
462:
455:
454:
436:Standard Mandarin
388:
387:
369:Standard Mandarin
317:
316:
307:Military Chairman
217:Congress Chairman
148:General Secretary
49:Government of the
16:(Redirected from
10201:
10171:
10170:
10169:
10159:
10158:
10150:
10132:
10122:
10121:
10091:Christmas Island
9777:Sovereign states
9764:
9757:
9750:
9741:
9740:
9717:
9710:
9607:Tibetan Buddhism
9602:Chinese Buddhism
9456:Four Holy Beasts
9406:
9405:
9258:Social relations
9187:Standard Chinese
9182:Chinese language
9092:
9091:
8877:Economic history
8843:
8842:
8822:Maritime Militia
8531:
8530:
8527:
8526:
8498:Border crossings
8493:Baseline islands
8188:
8187:
8160:
8159:
8124:Tiananmen Square
8007:Sixteen Kingdoms
7815:Military history
7790:
7789:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7743:
7742:
7704:Claimed province
7667:
7475:
7474:
7465:
7345:State Councilors
7294:Paramount leader
7277:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7143:
7142:
7106:Fusion of powers
7001:Typical branches
6987:
6980:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6634:
6633:
6618:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6577:
6572:
6571:
6569:Official website
6526:
6509:
6508:
6492:
6491:
6469:
6460:
6459:
6437:
6428:
6427:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6354:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6308:Li, Jie (2023).
6305:
6299:
6298:
6277:
6268:
6267:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6197:
6188:
6187:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6136:
6121:
6120:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5970:Military History
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5627:
5626:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5305:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5272:
5266:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5176:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5053:. March 11, 2024
5041:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5005:
4988:
4987:
4972:. New York, NY:
4966:Li, David Daokui
4962:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4904:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4887:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4840:Voice of America
4830:
4824:
4823:
4813:
4787:
4765:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4607:Since 2014, the
4409:provincial-level
4401:State Councilors
4377:
4363:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4339:
4332:Premier of China
4279:
4265:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4241:
4197:Paramount leader
4191:Paramount leader
4139:Paramount leader
4094:. Likewise, the
4080:Tiananmen Square
4042:electoral system
3916:CCP constitution
3873:state councilors
3825:, which are non-
3768:
3761:
3754:
3733:China portal
3731:
3730:
3729:
3190:Pro-Beijing camp
3173:John Lee Ka-chiu
2830:Deputy Leaders:
2780:
2468:
2460:Judiciary Police
2451:
2209:Military history
2134:
2124:
2114:Theater commands
2107:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1913:
1906:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1757:State Councilors
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1691:Li Qiang Cabinet
1552:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1132:
1039:Three Represents
1012:Marxism–Leninism
938:Capital offences
828:List of statutes
583:Paramount leader
571:National leaders
481:
465:
464:
451:
450:
449:Zhōngguó Zhèngfǔ
427:
426:
421:
420:
407:
406:
384:
383:
360:
359:
354:
353:
340:
339:
319:
318:
181:Paramount leader
127:
121:
116:
113:
111:
109:
88:
86:
81:
65:
53:
47:
21:
10209:
10208:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10200:
10199:
10198:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10167:
10165:
10153:
10145:
10143:
10138:
10110:
10078:
10069:
10050:Northern Cyprus
10036:
10029:
9771:
9768:
9738:
9733:
9720:
9713:
9706:
9693:
9665:
9583:
9543:Life expectancy
9500:
9404:
9284:
9204:Public holidays
9192:Written Chinese
9177:Intellectualism
9129:Sex trafficking
9077:
9039:
8999:
8828:
8744:
8591:
8582:Nationality law
8565:Law enforcement
8543:Judicial system
8512:
8475:
8449:Nature reserves
8439:Protected areas
8405:
8376:Water resources
8339:
8248:
8186:
8145:
8129:Economic reform
8092:1911 Revolution
8078:
8042:Jin (1115–1234)
7956:
7904:
7864:
7779:
7770:
7740:
7735:
7715:
7699:
7676:
7636:
7629:
7506:
7468:current leaders
7464:
7461:
7458:
7452:
7412:
7285:
7278:
7269:
7204:Communist Party
7198:
7175:
7170:
7140:
7135:
7121:Judicial review
7094:
7058:
7022:
6996:
6991:
6961:
6956:
6955:
6626:
6612:
6578:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6534:
6529:
6515:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6495:
6488:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6406:
6402:
6395:
6374:
6370:
6363:
6335:
6331:
6324:
6306:
6302:
6295:
6278:
6271:
6264:
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5508:
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5489:Chemistry World
5480:
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5411:
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5360:
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5299:
5289:
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5274:
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5269:
5263:West Publishing
5256:
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5237:
5211:
5207:
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5171:
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4617:
4551:
4545:
4525:
4517:Main articles:
4501:People's Courts
4493:
4469:anti-corruption
4461:
4455:
4423:
4417:
4376:
4362:
4338:
4328:
4322:
4278:
4264:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4199:
4193:
4181:CCP secretariat
4122:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4051:, are the main
4018:
4012:
4006:
3974:
3968:
3912:
3791:communist state
3772:
3743:
3739:Other countries
3727:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3710:Family planning
3695:
3687:
3686:
3643:
3625:
3611:Panda diplomacy
3602:
3547:
3524:
3509:
3448:
3436:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3340:Deputy Leader:
3326:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3220:Chief Executive
3215:Macao Basic Law
3211:
3169:Chief Executive
3160:
3106:
3105:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3062:
3025:
2988:
2876:
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2853:
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2802:
2801:
2790:
2774:
2761:
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2703:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2664:Law enforcement
2653:
2652:
2637:
2611:
2513:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2462:
2445:
2412:
2394:Security Bureau
2361:
2351:
2328:
2310:
2309:
2308:Judicial organs
2304:
2294:
2286:
2271:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2216:Armed conflicts
2189:
2171:
2160:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1798:
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1778:
1771:
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1751:
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1730:
1723:
1707:
1680:
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1678:Executive organ
1674:
1669:
1643:
1626:
1625:
1588:Foreign Affairs
1544:
1528:
1496:
1481:
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1479:
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1321:
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1290:
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1191:
1163:
1123:
1098:
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1054:
1047:
1003:
989:
988:
962:
960:Communist Party
952:
951:
924:
907:
834:
822:Legislation Law
795:
765:
754:
722:
721:
701:
700:
665:Related systems
599:
495:
472:
298:
294:
170:
132:Communist Party
123:
122:
106:
84:
82:
79:
70:
50:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10207:
10197:
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9807:
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9792:
9787:
9781:
9779:
9773:
9772:
9767:
9766:
9759:
9752:
9744:
9735:
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9732:
9731:
9726:
9719:
9718:
9711:
9703:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9695:
9694:
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9691:
9686:
9681:
9675:
9673:
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9664:
9663:
9658:
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9648:
9643:
9638:
9637:
9636:
9631:
9621:
9616:
9611:
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9609:
9604:
9593:
9591:
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9584:
9582:
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9545:
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9525:
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9514:
9512:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9426:Four Gentlemen
9423:
9418:
9412:
9410:
9409:Fours of China
9403:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9346:
9345:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9294:
9292:
9286:
9285:
9283:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9266:
9265:
9255:
9254:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9228:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9195:
9194:
9189:
9179:
9174:
9173:
9172:
9167:
9166:
9165:
9150:
9145:
9144:
9143:
9133:
9132:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9095:
9089:
9083:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9076:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9058:Civil aviation
9055:
9049:
9047:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9037:
9032:
9031:
9030:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9007:
9005:
9004:Infrastructure
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8971:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8958:Semiconductors
8955:
8950:
8940:
8938:Historical GDP
8935:
8930:
8925:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8891:
8890:
8889:
8884:
8874:
8869:
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8857:
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8770:
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8754:
8752:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8730:
8720:
8719:
8718:
8716:Vice President
8708:
8707:
8706:
8696:
8695:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8682:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8660:
8655:
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8638:
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8611:
8605:
8603:
8597:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8555:
8545:
8539:
8537:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8489:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8444:National parks
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8424:Climate policy
8421:
8419:Climate change
8415:
8413:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8403:
8402:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8347:
8345:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8325:Central Plains
8314:
8309:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8239:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8222:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8196:
8194:
8185:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8172:Extreme points
8169:
8163:
8157:
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8150:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8141:
8136:
8131:
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8110:
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8104:
8094:
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8080:
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8074:
8069:
8064:
8054:
8049:
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8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7980:Three Kingdoms
7977:
7972:
7966:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7950:Warring States
7947:
7942:
7932:
7931:
7930:
7920:
7914:
7912:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7880:
7874:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7810:Historiography
7807:
7802:
7796:
7794:
7787:
7781:
7780:
7769:
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7754:
7746:
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7707:
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7700:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7686:
7684:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7650:Inner Mongolia
7647:
7641:
7639:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
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7567:
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7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7516:
7514:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7483:
7481:
7479:Municipalities
7472:
7460:province-level
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7422:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7386:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7323:Vice President
7315:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7296:
7290:
7288:
7280:
7279:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7262:
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7230:
7229:
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7169:
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7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
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7100:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7087:
7085:United Kingdom
7082:
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7059:
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7041:
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7015:
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6998:
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6990:
6989:
6982:
6975:
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6759:
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6752:
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6709:
6704:
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6678:
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6666:
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6659:
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6654:
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6627:
6611:
6610:
6603:
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6554:
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6533:
6532:External links
6530:
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6393:
6368:
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6329:
6322:
6300:
6293:
6269:
6262:
6244:(1 ed.).
6232:
6217:
6201:Ang, Yuen Yuen
6189:
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6160:
6153:
6122:
6095:(4): 428–446.
6079:
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5390:
5369:
5329:
5322:
5297:
5267:
5250:
5235:
5217:(1 ed.).
5205:
5164:
5146:Foreign Policy
5131:
5120:
5110:(2019-09-03).
5099:
5064:
5033:
4989:
4983:978-0393292398
4982:
4942:
4921:(1): 252–277.
4896:
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4825:
4804:(1): 159–184.
4781:
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4675:
4672:
4667:Thomas Heberer
4663:state capacity
4658:
4657:State capacity
4655:
4630:
4627:
4619:Main article:
4616:
4613:
4567:foreign policy
4547:Main article:
4544:
4541:
4510:Emblem of the
4499:Emblem of the
4492:
4489:
4457:Main article:
4454:
4451:
4419:Main article:
4416:
4413:
4386:
4385:
4371:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4324:Main article:
4321:
4318:
4288:
4287:
4273:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4230:Main article:
4227:
4224:
4195:Main article:
4192:
4189:
4165:party chairman
4118:Main article:
4115:
4112:
4107:Main article:
4104:
4101:
4008:Main article:
4005:
4002:
3970:Main article:
3967:
3964:
3945:Foreign Policy
3911:
3908:
3854:vice president
3782:is based on a
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:Related topics
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
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3649:
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3523:
3522:
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3508:
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3505:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3486:Silk Road Fund
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3447:
3446:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3273:
3268:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3119:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:Zhuang Rongwen
3072:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3039:Great Firewall
3024:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3014:Internal media
3009:Media of China
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2967:People's Daily
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:Reference News
2944:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2505:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2457:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2057:Zhang Shengmin
2048:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1957:General Office
1951:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1943:Zhang Shengmin
1939:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1864:Military organ
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1828:General Office
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1708:
1695:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1663:Vice President
1661:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Ethnic Affairs
1555:
1554:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1529:
1520:
1503:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:Zhang Shengmin
1415:
1414:
1413:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1335:
1327:General Office
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:Office Chief:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:Office Chief:
1240:
1238:
1225:Vice-Chairman:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1009:
999:
997:
980:
979:
978:
977:
976:
970:
969:
963:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
940:
923:
922:
921:
920:
906:
905:
904:
903:
893:
892:
891:
879:
878:
877:
870:
858:
851:
843:
833:
832:
831:
830:
825:
813:
812:
811:
806:
794:
793:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
758:
757:
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
742:
736:
723:
720:
719:
714:
708:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
667:
666:
662:
661:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
601:
600:
591:
579:
578:
573:
567:
566:
565:
564:
559:
554:
545:
536:
521:
515:
508:
507:
502:
496:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
474:
473:
468:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
445:
439:
438:
432:
431:
430:Transcriptions
423:
422:
415:
409:
408:
401:
395:
394:
390:
389:
386:
385:
378:
372:
371:
365:
364:
363:Transcriptions
356:
355:
348:
342:
341:
334:
328:
327:
324:
323:
315:
314:
309:
303:
302:
289:
285:
284:
279:
277:Vice President
273:
272:
267:
261:
260:
255:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
201:
200:
195:
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
76:
72:
71:
66:
58:
57:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10206:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10186:
10184:
10174:
10164:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10151:
10148:
10135:
10131:
10127:
10125:
10117:
10116:
10113:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10083:
10081:
10076:
10072:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10060:South Ossetia
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10042:
10040:
10038:
10032:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9778:
9774:
9765:
9760:
9758:
9753:
9751:
9746:
9745:
9742:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9712:
9709:
9705:
9704:
9700:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9668:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9635:
9634:Protestantism
9632:
9630:
9627:
9626:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9619:Folk religion
9617:
9615:
9612:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9599:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9590:
9586:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9567:
9563:
9560:
9556:
9555:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9523:Ethnic groups
9521:
9519:
9516:
9515:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9436:Four Beauties
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9344:
9341:
9340:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9287:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9275:Urban society
9273:
9271:
9268:
9264:
9261:
9260:
9259:
9256:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9231:Social issues
9229:
9227:
9224:
9220:
9217:
9216:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9209:Rural society
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9184:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9171:
9168:
9164:
9161:
9160:
9159:
9156:
9155:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9137:
9134:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9109:Chinese Dream
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9084:
9074:
9073:Space program
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9050:
9048:
9046:
9042:
9036:
9033:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9021:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8900:
8897:
8896:
8895:
8892:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8879:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8847:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8835:
8823:
8820:
8819:
8818:
8815:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8741:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8723:State Council
8721:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8705:
8702:
8701:
8700:
8697:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8683:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8652:
8649:
8648:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8609:Civil service
8607:
8606:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8566:
8563:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8486:
8482:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8408:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8342:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8251:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8230:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8216:
8215:South Central
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8189:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8152:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8112:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8081:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8002:Jin (266–420)
8000:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7933:
7929:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7907:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7867:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7845:Ethnic groups
7843:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7767:
7762:
7760:
7755:
7753:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7732:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7679:
7671:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7436:Minor parties
7434:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7394:Vice Premiers
7392:
7391:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7340:Vice Premiers
7338:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7330:State Council
7328:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7281:
7276:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7235:
7232:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7167:
7162:
7160:
7155:
7153:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7132:
7131:Unified power
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7097:
7091:
7090:United States
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7034:Fourth Estate
7032:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6988:
6983:
6981:
6976:
6974:
6969:
6968:
6965:
6951:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6919:
6912:
6911:State Council
6906:
6904:
6852:
6849:
6841:
6839:
6831:
6829:
6821:
6819:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6801:
6777:
6775:
6767:
6765:
6760:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6736:
6721:
6719:
6708:
6694:
6692:
6662:
6660:
6649:
6635:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6609:
6604:
6602:
6597:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6576:
6570:
6565:
6564:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6513:
6512:public domain
6504:
6503:
6489:
6487:9783838219073
6483:
6479:
6475:
6468:
6466:
6457:
6455:9789819921881
6451:
6447:
6444:. Singapore:
6443:
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6434:
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6411:
6404:
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6390:
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6378:
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6364:
6362:9781760466244
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6333:
6325:
6323:9780231206273
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5740:
5738:9781982185732
5734:
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5333:
5325:
5319:
5315:
5311:
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5277:
5271:
5264:
5260:
5254:
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5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5180:The Economist
5175:
5168:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5108:Lovell, Julia
5103:
5096:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5068:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4985:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4903:
4901:
4893:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4858:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4786:
4782:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4736:
4727:
4723:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4622:
4615:Civil service
4612:
4610:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4497:
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4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4405:inner cabinet
4402:
4398:
4397:vice premiers
4393:
4392:State Council
4383:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4320:State Council
4317:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4295:
4285:
4282:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
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4198:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4178:
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4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4110:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4085:
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4077:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4062:
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4054:
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4022:
4017:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3951:The Economist
3947:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3929:Deng Xiaoping
3925:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3869:vice premiers
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:State Council
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
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3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
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3603:
3599:
3596:
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3585:
3582:
3579:
3575:
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3568:
3565:
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3459:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
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3441:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Spokespersons
3423:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3389:
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3360:
3359:
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3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
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3170:
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3162:
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3155:
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3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3117:Ding Xuexiang
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
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3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Radio jamming
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2948:
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2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2820:
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2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:Wang Xiaohong
2698:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2534:Wang Dongfeng
2531:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2353:
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2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:State Council
2150:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
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1989:
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1968:
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1963:Zhong Shaojun
1960:
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1953:Departments:
1952:
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1894:Vice Chairmen
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1766:Wang Xiaohong
1763:
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1739:Zhang Guoqing
1736:
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1725:Ding Xuexiang
1722:
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1711:Vice-Premiers
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1065:Chinese Dream
1063:
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697:
696:Civil service
694:
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689:
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679:
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671:Unified power
669:
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563:
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549:
546:
544:
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537:
535:
531:
528:
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526:(since 2017)
525:
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519:
516:
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510:
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253:Chief Justice
250:
247:
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230:
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223:
220:
218:
214:
211:
208:
206:
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187:
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178:
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169:
168:State Council
166:
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157:
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120:
115:
105:
101:
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91:
77:
73:
69:
64:
59:
54:
44:
40:
39:State Council
36:
32:
27:
19:
10075:Dependencies
10005:Turkmenistan
9970:Saudi Arabia
9824:
9624:Christianity
9614:Confucianism
9574:Urbanization
9510:Demographics
9486:Gang of Four
9451:Four Symbols
9350:Martial arts
9124:Prostitution
9011:Architecture
8865:Central bank
8733:Vice Premier
8685:United front
8614:Constitution
8600:
8570:Penal system
8548:Human rights
8485:Subdivisions
8323: /
8319: /
8242:Southwestern
8237:Northwestern
7940:Western Zhou
7888:Yellow River
7838:1949–present
7555:Heilongjiang
7418:United front
7283:
7265:Constitution
7184:Constitution
7126:Dual mandate
6619:
6579:(in English)
6542:
6517:
6473:
6441:
6409:
6403:
6380:
6371:
6341:. Canberra:
6338:
6332:
6309:
6303:
6284:
6241:
6235:
6204:
6169:
6163:
6140:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6071:. Retrieved
6052:
6042:
6030:. Retrieved
6021:
6012:
6004:
5997:. Retrieved
5978:
5969:
5959:
5947:. Retrieved
5936:
5926:
5895:
5889:
5877:. Retrieved
5866:
5856:
5844:. Retrieved
5833:
5823:
5812:. Retrieved
5793:
5783:
5774:
5767:. Retrieved
5756:
5747:
5728:
5722:
5710:. Retrieved
5691:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5658:
5648:
5629:
5623:. Retrieved
5605:
5593:. Retrieved
5589:the original
5585:Asia Society
5580:
5571:
5560:. Retrieved
5549:
5540:
5529:. Retrieved
5518:
5509:
5498:. Retrieved
5487:
5477:
5466:. Retrieved
5455:
5445:
5423:(1): 31–56.
5420:
5416:China Review
5414:
5408:
5381:
5372:
5361:. Retrieved
5344:The Guardian
5342:
5332:
5309:
5288:. Retrieved
5279:
5270:
5258:
5253:
5214:
5208:
5197:. Retrieved
5178:
5167:
5155:. Retrieved
5144:
5134:
5125:
5111:
5102:
5094:
5088:. Retrieved
5077:
5067:
5055:. Retrieved
5048:
5024:. Retrieved
5013:
4969:
4918:
4912:
4891:
4884:. Retrieved
4873:
4864:
4856:
4849:. Retrieved
4838:
4828:
4801:
4795:
4785:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4744:
4735:
4726:
4660:
4651:
4632:
4624:
4606:
4601:public goods
4593:
4590:
4575:
4552:
4526:
4462:
4436:
4389:
4299:
4291:
4215:
4200:
4185:
4158:
4150:
4088:
4073:
4065:oppositional
4057:Two Sessions
4046:
4031:
4028:held in 2013
3995:
3986:promulgation
3975:
3966:Constitution
3956:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3926:
3913:
3889:
3866:
3835:
3827:oppositional
3779:
3777:
3705:Hukou system
3044:Great Cannon
2981:
2974:Global Times
2972:
2965:
2951:
2896:
2795:
2683:Chen Wenqing
2549:CCP (ruling)
2521:Top-ranked:
2489:United front
2089:Audit Office
1904:Zhang Youxia
1814:Central bank
1796:Wu Zhenglong
1773:Wu Zhenglong
1746:Liu Guozhong
1538:Li Hongzhong
1536:Top-ranked:
1201:Zhang Youxia
1095:Organization
982:Constitution
928:Criminal law
916:
888:Property Law
887:
882:Property law
873:
866:
855:Marriage Law
854:
846:
838:
821:
727:Constitution
712:Constitution
443:Hanyu Pinyin
376:Hanyu Pinyin
26:
10134:Asia portal
10035:States with
9955:Philippines
9895:South Korea
9890:North Korea
9785:Afghanistan
9390:Variety art
9385:Tea culture
9313:Calligraphy
9298:Archaeology
9158:Food safety
8953:Gold mining
8855:Aquaculture
8850:Agriculture
8810:Coast Guard
8577:Naming laws
8411:Environment
8399:South China
7878:Paleolithic
7870:Prehistoric
7828:before 1912
7457:Politics of
7431:Chairperson
7234:Secretariat
7054:Prosecutory
7013:Legislature
5712:16 November
5595:18 November
4665:. Academic
4578:prefectures
4306:translation
4276:Li Xiannian
4092:expressways
4038:legislature
3933:Zhao Ziyang
3342:Wang Huning
3286:Taiwan Area
3224:Ho Iat-seng
3130:Xia Baolong
2983:China Today
2898:China Daily
2796:(chengguan)
2775: [
2681:Secretary:
2560:Shi Taifeng
2523:Shi Taifeng
2511:Wang Huning
2463: [
2446: [
2055:Secretary:
2018:Xu Xueqiang
1473:Party group
1422:Secretary:
1288:Wang Huning
1274:Wang Huning
850:(From 2021)
645:Wang Huning
597:Peng Liyuan
234:Wang Huning
93:Legislature
10183:Categories
10015:Uzbekistan
9990:Tajikistan
9905:Kyrgyzstan
9885:Kazakhstan
9805:Bangladesh
9795:Azerbaijan
9651:Irreligion
9548:Statistics
9518:Emigration
9481:Four Wangs
9370:Philosophy
9355:Mass media
9338:Literature
9236:Patriarchy
9199:Propaganda
9119:Corruption
9104:Censorship
8894:E-commerce
8601:Government
8394:East China
8366:Waterfalls
8312:Peninsulas
8280:Grasslands
7635:Autonomous
7350:Ministries
7286:government
7063:By country
6476:. Ibidem.
6073:2023-06-23
6032:27 January
5814:2023-05-27
5769:12 October
5671:17 January
5631:Xi Jinping
5625:2018-05-13
5581:China File
5562:2017-09-06
5531:2023-03-15
5500:2023-03-15
5468:2022-12-26
5400:1310457810
5363:2023-07-15
5245:1256820870
5199:2023-03-11
5090:2024-03-10
4772:References
4633:After the
4599:providing
4596:peri-urban
4360:Zhou Enlai
4302:Liu Shaoqi
4262:Mao Zedong
4146:Xi Jinping
4103:Leadership
4035:unicameral
4014:See also:
3805:(NPC), is
3392:Xi Jinping
3390:Director:
3353:Director:
3336:Xi Jinping
3128:Director:
3073:Director:
3058:Director:
2849:Director:
2836:Shen Yiqin
2810:Propaganda
2736:Chen Yixin
2265:Liu Jinguo
2263:Director:
2237:Xi Jinping
2044:Liu Faqing
2042:Director:
2029:Director:
2016:Director:
2003:Director:
1990:Director:
1979:Liu Zhenli
1961:Director:
1929:Liu Zhenli
1911:He Weidong
1887:Xi Jinping
1780:Shen Yiqin
1641:Xi Jinping
1331:Director:
1303:Xi Jinping
1301:Director:
1258:Xi Jinping
1256:Director:
1219:Xi Jinping
1217:Chairman:
1205:He Weidong
1189:Xi Jinping
1136:Xi Jinping
901:Patent law
867:Labour Law
861:Labour law
847:Civil Code
654:Xi Jinping
618:Xi Jinping
609:Xi Jinping
593:First lady
587:Xi Jinping
543:Xi Jinping
534:Xi Jinping
493:Leadership
312:Xi Jinping
246:Liu Jinguo
198:Xi Jinping
186:Xi Jinping
159:Government
153:Xi Jinping
85:1949-10-01
10101:Hong Kong
10055:Palestine
9980:Sri Lanka
9975:Singapore
9855:Indonesia
9538:Languages
9491:Four Olds
9446:Four arts
9333:Libraries
9263:Structure
9226:Sexuality
9163:incidents
9136:Education
9045:Transport
8921:Renewable
8916:Petroleum
8711:President
8678:Politburo
8631:Elections
8619:Democracy
8587:Terrorism
8335:Volcanoes
8317:Northeast
8295:Mountains
8205:Northeast
8155:Geography
8062:High Qing
7883:Neolithic
7855:Dynasties
7833:1912–1949
7824:Economic
7793:Overviews
7731:Elections
7690:Hong Kong
7535:Guangdong
7512:Provinces
7492:Chongqing
7462:divisions
7318:President
7253:Secretary
7217:Politburo
7080:Singapore
7075:Hong Kong
7070:Australia
7049:Electoral
7018:Judiciary
7008:Executive
6746:President
6343:ANU Press
6281:Jin, Keyu
6117:213458903
6109:2379-2949
6063:0099-9660
5918:970388499
5804:0362-4331
5702:0362-4331
5429:1680-2012
5353:0261-3077
5314:Routledge
5189:0013-0613
5057:March 11,
4937:1474-2640
4851:7 October
4820:1080-6954
4777:Citations
4582:townships
4533:Hong Kong
4314:President
4284:President
4226:President
4212:President
4024:The 12th
3879:, and 26
3588:Hong Kong
3574:Hong Kong
3560:Hong Kong
3271:One China
3096:Hong Kong
2874:Li Shulei
2859:Li Shulei
2832:Li Shulei
2349:Ying Yong
2326:Zhang Jun
2322:President
2031:Wang Peng
2005:Zhang Lin
1921:Members:
1732:He Lifeng
1667:Han Zheng
1633:President
1617:Presidium
1526:Zhao Leji
1501:Elections
1459:Secretary
1407:Secretary
1378:Li Ganjie
1319:He Lifeng
1232:Zhao Leji
1082:Democracy
1007:Communism
842:(to 2020)
691:Elections
636:Zhao Leji
352:中华人民共和国政府
338:中華人民共和國政府
282:Han Zheng
270:Ying Yong
258:Zhang Jun
222:Zhao Leji
193:President
164:Executive
75:Formation
56:中华人民共和国政府
10161:Politics
10124:Category
10045:Abkhazia
9995:Thailand
9950:Pakistan
9930:Mongolia
9925:Maldives
9920:Malaysia
9820:Cambodia
9724:Category
9597:Buddhism
9589:Religion
9566:Post-90s
9559:Post-80s
9303:Archives
9170:HIV/AIDS
9141:Literacy
9099:Abortion
9028:Internet
8985:Taxation
8968:Textiles
8948:Chemical
8943:Industry
8872:Currency
8750:Military
8558:in Tibet
8522:Politics
8459:Wildlife
8371:Wetlands
8134:COVID-19
7962:Imperial
7860:Monarchs
7820:Language
7805:Timeline
7777:articles
7727:See also
7660:Xinjiang
7625:Zhejiang
7605:Shandong
7590:Liaoning
7497:Shanghai
7362:Chairman
7309:Chairman
7194:Ideology
7099:See also
7044:Auditory
6379:(2018).
6283:(2023).
6203:(2016).
6067:Archived
6026:Archived
5993:Archived
5943:Archived
5873:Archived
5840:Archived
5808:Archived
5763:Archived
5706:Archived
5665:Archived
5619:Archived
5556:Archived
5525:Archived
5520:BBC News
5494:Archived
5462:Archived
5437:26603249
5380:(2022).
5357:Archived
5284:Archived
5193:Archived
5157:15 March
5151:Archived
5084:Archived
5020:Archived
4968:(2024).
4880:Archived
4845:Archived
4758:Zǒngtǒng
4674:See also
4586:villages
4374:Li Qiang
4310:Chairman
4270:Chairman
4216:de facto
3846:chairman
3456:to China
3444:in China
3416:Minister
3398:Li Qiang
3355:Song Tao
3334:Leader:
3115:Leader:
2822:Leader:
2755:Minister
2732:Minister
2697:Minister
2507:Chairman
2235:Leader:
2187:Dong Jun
2183:Minister
2169:Li Qiang
2165:Chairman
1992:Miao Hua
1936:Miao Hua
1877:Chairman
1705:Li Qiang
1522:Chairman
1435:Leader:
1311:Li Qiang
1268:Li Qiang
1228:Li Qiang
1185:Chairman
986:ideology
627:Li Qiang
552:Li Qiang
288:Military
210:Li Qiang
125:中国政府网.政务
10147:Portals
10020:Vietnam
9935:Myanmar
9915:Lebanon
9845:Georgia
9800:Bahrain
9790:Armenia
9708:Outline
9671:Symbols
9528:Eunuchs
9375:Smoking
9323:Cuisine
9290:Culture
9280:Welfare
9251:Suicide
9219:history
9087:Society
9016:Housing
8990:Tourism
8975:Poverty
8860:Banking
8838:Economy
8817:Militia
8728:Premier
8330:Valleys
8290:Islands
8275:Deserts
8265:Canyons
8253:Terrain
8232:Western
8220:Central
8192:Regions
8177:Geology
8167:Borders
7910:Ancient
7893:Yangtze
7800:History
7785:History
7670:leaders
7655:Ningxia
7645:Guangxi
7637:regions
7615:Sichuan
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