Chernobyl New Safe Confinement

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referred to as B-1 and B-2, run in an east-west direction and support the roof beams and panels. A third, more massive member, the "Mammoth Beam", spans the largest distance across the roof from east to west and assists in supporting the roof beams and panels. The roof of the shelter consists of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) diameter steel pipes laid horizontally north to south, and steel panels that rest at an angle, also in the north-south direction.

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270 metres (885.83 ft). The dimensions of the arch were determined based on the need to operate equipment inside the new shelter and decommission the existing shelter. The overall length of the structure is 150 metres (492.1 ft), consisting of 13 arches assembled 12.5 metres (41 ft) apart to form 12 bays. Vertical walls assembled around, but not supported by the existing structures of the reactor building seal the ends of the structure.

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high pile cap that reaches to a height of 118 metres (387 ft) of elevation. This option was selected to minimize the cost of the foundation, the number of cuts into radioactive soil layers, dose uptake of workers, and risk to the environment from further contamination. The foundation has a slight elevation difference between the area in which the New Safe Confinement was constructed and the final resting area around reactor 4.

25: 262: 595:(EBRD) stated that the international community was aiming to close a €100 million funding gap, with administration by the EBRD in its role as manager of the Chernobyl decommissioning funds. The total cost of the Shelter Implementation Plan, of which the New Safe Confinement is the most prominent element, is estimated to be around €2.15 billion (US$ 2.3 billion). The New Safe Confinement accounts for €1.5 billion. 239: 1541:(consisting of Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Bouygues Construction as 50/50 partners) constructing the 190 by 200 metres (620 by 660 feet) arch structure. Construction costs are estimated at $ 1.4bn with a project time of five years. The estimated time for completion is given as 53 months, including 18 months of planning and design studies, with a projected completion in mid-2012. 953:

second option was initially chosen because it would expose workers to a lower radiation dose, and would have moved the structure into its final position in less than 24 hours. However, the structure was moved using hydraulic jacks, beginning the 327-metre (1,073 ft) move on November 14, 2016, and finishing on November 29.

1039:. The tools selected for the demolition process were selected based on a number of factors including minimization of individual and collective radiation exposure, the amount of secondary waste generated, the feasibility of remote operation, the cutting efficiency, fire safety, capital cost and operating costs. 549:(sarcophagus) that was built around the reactor immediately after the disaster. The New Safe Confinement is designed to prevent the release of radioactive contaminants, protect the reactor from external influence, facilitate the disassembly and decommissioning of the reactor, and prevent water intrusion. 961:

The operational phase of the New Safe Confinement involves the demolition of the unstable structures associated with the original Shelter Structure. The goal of demolition has imposed significant requirements upon the load carrying capacity of the arches and foundation of the New Safe Confinement, as

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to push the structure forward, or pulling the structure with large, multi-stranded steel cables. The first option would require the relocation of the hydraulic jacks after each push. This process would necessitate more worker interaction with the system and a greater worker exposure to radiation. The

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Special consideration was necessary for the excavation required for foundation construction due to the high level of radioactivity found in the upper layers of soil. The conceptual designers of the New Safe Confinement recommended the use of rope operated grabs for the first 0.3 metres (11.8 in)

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The New Safe Confinement design is an arch-shaped steel structure with an internal height of 92.5 metres (303.5 ft) and a 12-metre (39.4 ft) distance between the centers of the upper and lower arch chords. The internal span of the arch is 245 metres (803.8 ft), and the external span is

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The Shelter Structure was never intended to be a permanent containment structure. Its continued deterioration has increased the risk of its radioactive inventory leaking into the environment. Between 2004 and 2008, workers stabilized the roof and western wall of the shelter. However, construction of

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Spot model has been implemented in areas of higher radiation to provide detailed radiation mapping without causing additional radiation spikes by minimizing contact points with radiated surfaces. Without posing risk to workers, the implemented systems were able to look inside reactor 4, deep within

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A stitched panorama view of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant site in Ukraine, pictures taken in June 2013. Descriptions of the buildings from left to right: First half of the New Safe Confinement (under construction) after second lifting operation (had not yet reached its final height), reactor 4

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The Shelter Structure is primarily supported by the damaged remains of the reactor 4 building. These are largely considered to be structurally unsound as a result of explosive forces caused by the accident. Three major structural members support the roof of the Shelter Structure. Two beams, usually

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Even with the distance given from the main reactor during construction of the New Safe Confinement, construction workers were still subject to radiation. Before the slippage procedure began, construction workers may only have been able to stay on the site for 30 minutes at a time due to radiation.

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The exact methods for disposing of wastes generated by the demolition process have not been determined, and may include on-site burial outside the New Safe Confinement for low-level waste, and long-term storage inside the New Safe Confinement for medium and high-level wastes. As of 2018, no policy

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Several options were considered for the foundation design for the New Safe Confinement. Ultimately, the final design was specified as consisting of three lines of two 4.50-by-1.00-metre (14.76 by 3.28 ft) foundation panels, each 21 metres (68.9 ft) in length, and a 4-metre (13.1 ft)

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just below the surface that is approximately 2.5 to 3 metres (8 to 10 ft) in overall depth. Radioactive contamination from the accident created the technogenic layer. It consists of various materials including nuclear material, stone, sand, loamy sands, unreinforced concrete, and construction

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On 17 September 2007 Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Bouygues Travaux Publics announced that they won the contract to design and build the New Safe Confinement as 50/50 partners of the French consortium Novarka. The original 432 million euros contract comprises the design and construction of

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To minimize radiation to workers when working inside of the New Safe Confinement, many robots and tools are used to interact with objects inside the shelter remotely. The two installed bridge cranes can be operated from within an isolated control room, which allows for demolition to occur without

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After the members to be demolished are removed by crane, they must be fragmented into pieces small enough to decontaminate. It is expected that the primary contamination of most demolished elements will be loose surface dust and can easily be removed. Decontamination will take place using vacuum

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Subsequently, a pan-European study (the TACIS programme) re-examined the proposals of the competition's top three finalists. The study selected the sliding arch concept as the best solution for their further investigations and recommendations, primarily to reduce the chance of the construction

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Further upgrades to the area in preparation for New Safe Confinement construction were completed in 2010. These included road and rail connections, site services (power, water, drains, and communications), facilities for workers (including medical and radiation protection facilities), and the

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Proceedings of the ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. Volume 2: Facility Decontamination and Decommissioning; Environmental Remediation; Environmental Management/Public Involvement/Crosscutting Issues/Global

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The site of the New Safe Confinement is slightly sloped, ranging in elevation from 117.5 metres (385 ft) on the eastern side to 144 metres (472 ft) on the western side. The foundation was required to account for this difference without extensive site leveling.

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posing risk to any operators. For the radiation mapping that occurs within the New Safe Confinement, robots have been deployed in both areas of high contamination where humans cannot enter and replacing routes that operators would normally take.

1386:(PLRWM) was constructed to remove, store, and process liquid nuclear waste from the Chernobyl site. Processed liquid is turned into solid waste in 200-L barrels where it can then be stored long-term, at a rate of 2,500 cubic meters a year. 1523:

An international tender for New Safe Confinement design and construction is announced. Two bid candidates are identified, but in September 2006 the plant's general director Ihor Hramotkyn announces his intent to annul all bids on the

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This process of assembly was deemed advantageous because it took advantage of the designed mobility of the structure to maximize the distance between workers and the reactor building, thereby minimizing their exposure to radiation.

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There has been concern about Ukraine's ability to properly maintain the New Safe Confinement, with Deputy project manager Victor Zalizetskyi stating that "It looks like Ukraine will be left alone to deal with this structure"

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In the autumn of 1992, Design Group Partnership (DGP) of Manchester was invited to assist the Atomic Energy Authority (AEA) for the UK's submission for the international competition organized by the Ukrainian government.

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Of the 394 entries, only the British submission proposed a sliding arch approach. There was no top design choice, but the French submission came as second best with the UK and German proposals coming joint third.

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Construction completion is delayed until late 2018 due to a contractor being unable to finish its work in time. The reason is the extremely high level of radiation, forcing workers to limit their presence at the

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Mitigate the potential consequences of a collapse of either the existing shelter or the reactor 4 building, particularly in terms of confining the radioactive dust that would be produced by such a collapse.

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of pile excavation for the Chernobyl site. This reduced the direct exposure of workers to the most contaminated sections of the soil. Deeper excavation for the foundation piles were accomplished using

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Convert the destroyed Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant reactor 4 into an environmentally safe system (i.e., confine the radioactive materials at the site to prevent further environmental contamination).

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The New Safe Confinement was constructed 180 metres (590 ft) west of reactor 4, and slid into place. Sliding of the structure along foundation rails was a difficult process. It was pushed on

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The arches are constructed of tubular steel members and are externally clad with three-layer sandwich panels. These external panels are also used on the end walls of the structure. Internally,

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Large parts of the arches were shop-fabricated and transported to the assembly site 180 metres (590 ft) west of reactor 4. The steel used in the construction of the tubular members has a

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was chosen as the material for the inner and outer walls. An air conditioning system also circulates warm, dry air at 50 Pa between the layers of the panels to further prevent corrosion.

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The cranes' carriage interchangeability allows the rotation of the largest members to be demolished, reducing the overall size of the New Safe Confinement by approximately one arch bay.

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Various subsystems are in operation, including the radiation monitoring system, the back-up power supply system, the fire protection system, as well as lighting, communication, and

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DGP's senior management was assembled to generate a solution. David Haslewood suggested an arch, built off-site, and then slid over the existing Soviet-built sarcophagus because:

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characteristics of this soil layer. As a result of this, no assumptions about the load-bearing properties of the technogenic layer were made during the design of the foundation.

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Construction on the €1.5 billion structure is completed and the sarcophagus is opened to media visits on July 3. On July 10, government officials, including Ukrainian President

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They must minimize the amount of digging and cutting into the upper layers of the ground, as the upper soil is heavily contaminated with nuclear material from the disaster.

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The fully lifted eastern arch is moved 112 metres (367 feet) eastward on its rails to a parking position to clear the construction area for building the western arch.

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Workers have raised the first section of a colossal arch-shaped structure that eventually will cover the exploded nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power station.

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They must support rail tracks across which the New Safe Confinement can roll 180 metres (590 ft) from the construction site into place over reactor 4.

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The concrete foundation reduced radiation to workers when assembling the structure, and workers were provided decontaminated housing during construction.

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at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant fluctuates from 109.9 metres (360.6 ft) on average in December to 110.7 metres (363.2 ft) on average in May.

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with existing shelter building and the new and old ventilation shafts, reactor 3, cranes to dismantle the old ventilation shaft, reactor 2, reactor 1.

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The consortium collaborated with both foreign and domestic contractors. For example, the arch's structural components were created and constructed in

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showing of New Safe Confinement being slid into position, 14–29 November 2016, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development channel archived at

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workers receiving a harmful dose of radiation. The French consortium named Novarka eventually won the contract for the final sliding arch design.

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remains of reactor 4 for 100 years. It also aims to allow for a partial demolition of the original sarcophagus, which was hastily constructed by

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unit; it has been estimated that up to 95% of the original radioactive inventory of reactor 4 remains inside the ruins of the reactor building.

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materials within reactor 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The shelter was constructed under extreme conditions, with very high levels of

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within the New Safe Confinement area, the strategies for removing waste is split into three systems. Disposal of solid nuclear waste had the

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pads by hydraulic pistons, and guided by lasers. As of 2018, the New Safe Confinement is the world's largest movable land-based structure.

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Each crane can carry a variety of interchangeable carriages. Three types of carriages have been designed for the New Safe Confinement:

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these structures must carry the weight of not only the disassembled structure, but also the suspended cranes to be used in demolition.

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to be developed within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. 3,762 solar modules will be installed at the site with a generation capacity of

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the New Safe Confinement was necessary to continue confining the radioactive remains of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant reactor 4.

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One carriage suspends a mobile tool platform, extending up to 75 metres (246 ft), that can be fitted with a variety of end

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Some project milestones, including infrastructure and preparatory work such as the New Safe Confinement pilings, are completed.

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A panorama view of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in June 2013. The NSC construction area is the arch on the left-hand side

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suspended from the arches. These cranes travel east to west on common runways and each has a span of 84 metres (276 ft).

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Progress is made with stabilization of the existing sarcophagus, which is then considered stable enough for another 15 years.

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keep the air below 40% humidity, preventing both condensation and water from dripping into the interior of the structure.

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Proceedings of the ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation

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business handled the lifting and sliding operations, whereas the contractor responsible for the arch cladding was from

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limit. Their dosimeter beeps if the limit is reached, and the worker's site access is cancelled. The annual limit (20

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The New Safe Confinement was originally intended to be completed in 2005, but the project suffered lengthy delays.

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and releasing radioactive dust and not from the reactor 4 itself. The New Safe Confinement is reportedly unharmed.

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Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up: Processes, Technologies and International Experience

1965:"NOVARKA and Chernobyl Project Management Unit confirm cost and time schedule for Chernobyl New Safe Confinement" 2530: 2380: 2146:

Smith, Stuart; Lacombe, Herve (February 1997). "A second shelter for Chernobyl: Its necessity and feasibility".

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Chernobyl – What Have We Learned?: The Successes and Failures to Mitigate Water Contamination Over 20 Years

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to emphasize the difference between the containment of radioactive gases—the primary focus of most reactor

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In 1994, Ukraine's government held an international competition for proposals to replace the sarcophagus.

4206: 3999: 3647: 1679: 1909:"Contract for early Chernobyl dismantling work signed : Waste & Recycling – World Nuclear News" 3983: 3629: 3600: 2204: 2841: 2667:"Chernobyl NPP Decommissioning and "Shelter" Object Transformation: Problems of Activity Coordination" 2410:

Parameswaran, N. A. (Vijay); Chornyy, Igor; Owen, Rob; de Saint Victor, François (September 8, 2013).

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The western arch completes the second of three lifting operations which raises the height of the arch.

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Enable safe demolition of unstable structures (such as the roof of the existing shelter) by providing

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Safety issues in construction of facilities for long-term storage of radioactive waste at Vector site

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Subsequent sliding of the complete structure and adding of arches and bays to complete the structure.

637: 2108: 3851: 1393:. 232 storage containers of nuclear waste can be stored in the facility for an expected 100 years. 1044: 828: 636:, and under extreme time constraints. The Shelter Structure was moderately successful in confining 3406:"Unprotected Russian soldiers disturbed radioactive dust in Chernobyl's 'Red Forest', workers say" 733:

panels cover each arch to prevent the accumulation of radioactive particles on the frame members.

1620: 1372: 942: 533:) is a structure put in place in 2016 to confine the remains of the number 4 reactor unit at the 112: 1619:

The New Safe Confinement slipping is completed, taking a total of fifteen days. It is pushed on

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Description of the New Safe Confinement. Design of the new protective shield under Sarcophagus.

3217: 2453:"Waste Management Strategy for Cost Effective and Environmentally Friendly NPP Decommissioning" 2412:"Unique and Massive Chernobyl Cranes for Deconstruction Activities in the New Safe Confinement" 557: 3484: 2614: 2497: 1032: 4141: 2790: 2002:"Vinci and Bouygues sign contract to build Containment Shelter for the Chernobyl Sarcophagus" 749: 565: 409: 306: 929:

As each bay was completed, infrastructure equipment—including that for ventilation systems,

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The foundations of the New Safe Confinement were designed to meet the primary requirements:

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designed and built the New Safe Confinement. Construction was completed at the end of 2018.

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The New Safe Confinement in its final position over the destroyed reactor 4 in October 2017

3356:"Chernobyl's $ 1.7B nuclear confinement shelter revealed after taking 9 years to complete" 2520:"Industrial Complex For Solid Radwaste Management (ICSRM) at Chernobyl Nuclear Powerplant" 1972: 1408:

in the shelter is monitored by hundreds of sensors. Workers in the 'local zone' carry two

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The foundation is designed to withstand horizontal acceleration structural loads of up to

8: 3990: 3976: 3923: 3606:, Computer rendered video of the construction process, Novarka, October 2009 archived at 1667: 1630: 737: 3525: 2606: 921:

Deconstruction of the fragmentation, decontamination, and auxiliary buildings. (planned)

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Assembly of first and second arches to form Bay 1, installation of east wall on arch 1.

792: 542: 526: 3025: 4006: 3819: 3770: 3490: 3432:"Explained: Why did Russian troops seize control of Chernobyl nuclear disaster site?" 3329: 2822:"Containing Chernobyl: the mission to defuse the world's worst nuclear disaster site" 2682: 2642: 2469: 2428: 1356: 890: 585: 561: 4111: 3812: 3805: 3777: 3763: 3749: 3108: 3085: 2826: 2674: 2582: 2461: 2420: 2328: 2155: 886: 778:

Reduce corrosion and weathering of the existing shelter and the reactor 4 building.

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Parts of this article (those related to the specification description ) need to be

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The system used in the assembly of the New Safe Confinement derived from civilian

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One secure lifting carriage for shielded transportation of personnel, with a 50-

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The elements that are to be demolished fall into several broad material types:

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Stabilization of the Shelter Structure to prevent collapse during construction.

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The ground upon which the foundation was built is unique in that it contains a

741: 3623: 3594: 3537:"Chornobyl: Five-Year Schedule set for New Safe Confinement Over Wrecked Unit" 3267:"Chernobyl confinement structure systems begin operation – World Nuclear News" 2871:"Boston Dynamics' Spot Is Helping Chernobyl Move Towards Safe Decommissioning" 2782: 4237: 3791: 3625:

Unique engineering feat concluded as Chernobyl arch has reached resting place

3333: 3241:"Strahlung zu hoch: Fertigstellung des Tschernobyl-Sarkophags verzögert sich" 2596:

Tokarevskyi, O.; Alekseeva, Z.; Kondratiev, S.; Rybalka, N. (November 2013).

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Lidar, Per; Bergh, Niklas; Larsson, Arne; Hedin, Gunnar (September 8, 2013).

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Off-site construction would minimize radiation doses of construction workers.

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The following elements of the Shelter Structure are planned for demolition:

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Onishi, Yasuo; Voitsekhovich, Oleg V.; Zheleznyak, Mark J. (June 3, 2007).

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Lee, William E.; Ojovan, Michael I.; Jantzen, Carol M. (October 31, 2013).

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Span 260 metres (853.0 ft), external length 165 metres (541.3 ft)

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Materials added after the Chernobyl accident to mitigate its consequences.

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Bay 1 was slid East to accommodate the construction of arch 3 and Bay 2.

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methods. The New Safe Confinement was assembled in the following steps:

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An arch would fit snugly over the damaged reactor excluding its chimney.

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http://www.windfallfilms.com/show/6894/inside-chernobyls-mega-tomb.aspx

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They must support the weight of the arches of the New Safe Confinement.

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the New Safe Confinement and planned to employ 900 people at its peak.

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Successful completion of the third ascent of the western part arches.

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that is part of the Shelter Implementation Plan and supported by the

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Conceptual Design of the Chornobyl New Safe Confinement— An Overview

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The New Safe Confinement was designed with the following criteria:

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The two arches are fused, and the west wall is under construction.

1367:(ICSRM), a nuclear waste storage site. It is being constructed by 3962: 3895: 3881: 1417: 860: 538: 492: 336: 326: 270: 2966:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement - New Completion Date Announced" 2665:

Semenova, Iryna Y.; Steinberg, Nikolay A. (September 30, 2001).

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Two options were initially considered for moving the structure:

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State Institution for Radiation Monitoring and Radiation Safety

3909: 3577: 2673:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp. 997–1000. 2304:. The Independent Global Nuclear News Agency. November 29, 2017 2232:"New Safe Containment Project Cuts Corrosion Risk at Chernobyl" 706: 505: 238: 2329:"Chernobyl disaster: Giant shield begins move towards reactor" 1577:

The second lifting operation on the eastern arch is performed.

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Russian forces leave Chernobyl and the New Safe Confinement.

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Development company Rodina begins construction on the first

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and providing for post-accident monitoring of the destroyed

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Successful conclusion of the 72-hour trial operation test.

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The New Safe Confinement (NSC) under construction in 2013

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The project contract is signed, with French consortium

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Installation of cranes and large maintenance equipment.

3489:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 248. 3078:"Workers raise first section of new Chernobyl shelter" 3052:"Work begins on new sarcophagus for Chernobyl reactor" 2450: 1304: 261: 3515:

Schmieman, Eric; Wrona, Matthew; et al. (2004).

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wastes. It is considered unfeasible to determine the

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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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International Competition, 1994. Ukraine Government.

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built near to the Chernobyl site, consisting of the

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has been decided for the disposal and processing of

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An arch would be easier to slide than a square box.

659: 545:in 1986. The structure also encloses the temporary 126:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3524:. Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference. Archived from 3208:"Ukraine postpones Chernobyl reactor safety cover" 2902:. American Nuclear Society (ANS). October 13, 2021 620:The original shelter, formally referred to as the 16:Protective building over Ukrainian nuclear reactor 2755:"Ukraine authorizes Chernobyl spent fuel storage" 2730:"Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant (LRTP)" 2664: 2148:Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 4235: 3614:November 2014, Chernobyl Story on CBS 60 Minutes 3604:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 3296:"Delivery of the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement" 3160:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2896:"Radiation-mapping robots deployed at Chernobyl" 2777: 2775: 2634: 2575:"Nuclear waste storage inaugurated in Chernobyl" 2116:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2043:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1969:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1838:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1808:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1767:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1365:Industrial Complex for Solid Radwaste Management 593:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 269:Location of the NSC, near the abandoned city of 3578:Official website: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 2381:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement (NSC), Ukraine" 2271:. November 29, 2016. p. 21. Archived from 1958: 1956: 1954: 656:installation of a long-term monitoring system. 227: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2193: 2191: 1432: 900:Excavation and construction of the foundation. 3655: 3273:. World Nuclear Association. February 8, 2019 2772: 1779:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents 970:The New Safe Confinement design includes two 4064:Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme 3688:Comparison with other radioactivity releases 2988: 2783:"Progress at Chernobyl New Safe Confinement" 2460:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2419:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2171: 2169: 2145: 1951: 1760: 1623:pads by hydraulic pistons, guided by lasers. 1050: 598:The French consortium Novarka with partners 2958: 2808: 2494:Delegation of the European Union to Ukraine 2323: 2321: 2319: 2200:"Building Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement" 2188: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1341:Fragments of reinforced concrete structures 1338:Fragments of steel structures and equipment 721:Infographics about the New Safe Confinement 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4249:Buildings and structures completed in 2019 4216: 3662: 3648: 2842:"See Chernobyl's Safe Confinement Shelter" 2033: 2031: 2029: 1856: 1854: 1755:The NSC nearing completion in October 2016 933:, plumbing, and electrical was installed. 3096: 3044: 3018: 2921:University of Bristol (October 7, 2021). 2819: 2166: 1361:Vector Radioactive Waste Storage Facility 1319:Three-dimensional (pipes, trusses, beams) 616:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus 204:Learn how and when to remove this message 186:Learn how and when to remove this message 3239:Seidler, Christoph (December 20, 2017). 3070: 2868: 2316: 2254: 2252: 1962: 1821: 1731:The NSC under construction in April 2015 1607:Construction of the arches is completed. 875: 716: 4264:Energy infrastructure completed in 2019 3238: 2026: 1851: 981:One typical lifting carriage with a 50- 965: 755:To prevent corrosion of the structure, 4236: 3669: 3456: 3102: 2641:. Elsevier Science. pp. 404–406. 2446: 2444: 2290: 2197: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1397:Worker safety and radioactive exposure 1389:Spent fuel is stored long-term in the 918:Final slide into place over reactor 4. 470:Steel, with polycarbonate inner panels 4048:Children of Chernobyl Benefit Concert 3643: 3619:New Safe Confinement site live camera 3353: 3319: 3290: 3288: 2864: 2862: 2820:Hankinson, Andrew (January 3, 2013). 2660: 2658: 2554: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2353: 2249: 2063: 1375:company, a subsidiary of the Russian 3002:. September 27, 2006. Archived from 3000:BBC Monitoring International Reports 2869:Ackerman, Evan (November 23, 2020). 2354:Borys, Christian (January 3, 2017). 799: 712: 701:. The cranes were made in the US. A 576:is used rather than the traditional 124:adding citations to reliable sources 95: 59: 18: 4254:Buildings and structures in Pripyat 3259: 3088:. November 28, 2012. Archived from 2972:. February 15, 2010. Archived from 2727: 2441: 2175: 1987: 1613:The arch slipping procedure begins. 1384:Plant on Liquid Radwaste Management 1305:Types of materials to be demolished 871: 609: 13: 3507: 3285: 3026:"Chernobyl to be covered in steel" 2859: 2655: 2398: 2198:Excell, John (February 11, 2013). 1934:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement" 1884:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement" 1834:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement" 1804:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement" 1516:Major project milestones include: 14: 4280: 4105:2022 Russian capture of Chernobyl 3571: 3103:Heintz, Jim (November 17, 2012). 2555:Gache, Gabriel (April 25, 2008). 1862:"Transforming Chernobyl brochure" 957:Demolition of existing structures 541:, which was destroyed during the 34:This article has multiple issues. 4215: 4202: 4201: 4041:Chernobyl Children International 3457:Varenytsia, Cara Anna and Inna. 1963:Reiserer, Axel (April 8, 2011). 1748: 1736: 1724: 1712: 1700: 1350: 660:International design competition 572:destroyed the reactor. The word 260: 253: 237: 135:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement" 100: 64: 23: 4078:Friends of Chernobyl's Children 3450: 3424: 3398: 3373: 3354:Dedaj, Paulina (July 3, 2019). 3347: 3313: 3232: 3200: 3174: 3148: 3122: 2940: 2914: 2888: 2834: 2747: 2721: 2695: 2628: 2589: 2567: 2548: 2512: 2482: 2373: 2347: 2224: 2176:Meo, Nick (November 26, 2013). 2139: 2130: 2101: 2085: 2057: 1355:For the removal and storage of 1033:diamond circular cutting wheels 788:equipment for their demolition. 766: 459:Arch-shaped lattice, clad with 111:needs additional citations for 42:or discuss these issues on the 4244:2019 establishments in Ukraine 3549:Project Implementation Phase 2 3539:. June 9, 2003. Archived from 3320:Vidal, John (August 1, 2019). 2064:Vidal, John (April 19, 2011). 1926: 1901: 1876: 1796: 1571:The first sections are raised. 936: 915:Installation of the west wall. 584:—and the confinement of solid 552:The New Safe Confinement is a 221:Chernobyl New Safe Confinement 1: 3554:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 1784: 1442:Then-planned completion date 864:, as well as to withstand an 535:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 317:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 229:Новий чорнобильський саркофаг 3560:SIP Project Summary Document 2970:Chernobyl and Eastern Europe 2236:www.materialsperformance.com 2092:Inside Chernobyl's Mega Tomb 1553:Novarka begins construction. 1186:Northern hockey stick panels 1118:Southern hockey stick panels 570:beyond design-basis accident 506:https://www.chnpp.gov.ua/en/ 483:Novarka with 50/50 partners 7: 4269:Nuclear safety and security 1772: 1680:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1433:Project timeline and status 1391:Spent Fuel Storage Facility 1203:Eastern hockey stick panels 850:clam shells operated under 740:of no less than 2,500 531:Новий безпечний конфайнмент 491:Travaux Publics as well as 10: 4285: 2529:. May 2008. Archived from 1743:Construction in March 2016 1429:the New Safe Confinement. 1023:(for steel elements), and 613: 419:108 metres (354.3 ft) 4195: 4186:National Chernobyl Museum 4133:Chernobyl: The Lost Tapes 4094: 4032: 4000:Energetik cultural palace 3843: 3739: 3723:Groundwater contamination 3695:Comparison with Fukushima 3677: 3588:January 27, 2009, at the 3136:. Reuters. March 24, 2016 1761:Responsible organizations 1101:Southern roof flat panels 1084:Southern roof flat panels 1051:Elements to be demolished 1045:fuel containing materials 638:radioactive contamination 530: 504: 499: 479: 474: 466: 455: 450: 442: 428: 423: 415: 405: 397: 389: 381: 342: 332: 322: 312: 302: 294: 289: 281: 248: 236: 228: 225: 220: 4259:Chernobyl Exclusion Zone 3859:Chernihiv–Ovruch railway 2160:10.1680/icien.1997.29157 1789: 1446: 604:Bouygues Travaux Publics 226: 1621:polytetrafluoroethylene 1373:nuclear decommissioning 475:Design and construction 4071:Chernobyl Shelter Fund 3271:world-nuclear-news.org 2466:10.1115/icem2013-96006 2425:10.1115/icem2013-96346 1913:world-nuclear-news.org 1864:. EBRD. March 11, 2015 1565:Steel erection begins. 1007:useful for demolition. 882: 722: 558:Chernobyl Shelter Fund 4142:Chernobyl liquidators 3596:Chernobyl 25 years on 3543:on February 14, 2008. 3115:on January 20, 2013. 3092:on February 23, 2013. 2679:10.1115/icem2001-1177 2212:on September 27, 2015 1975:on September 18, 2011 879: 720: 582:containment buildings 566:Chernobyl liquidators 410:Government of Ukraine 307:Containment structure 4170:New Safe Confinement 3058:. September 24, 2010 3032:. September 18, 2007 2609:. Cologne, Germany. 1324:Reinforced concrete 1037:diamond wire cutting 1000:) carrying capacity. 989:) carrying capacity. 966:Demolition equipment 931:radiation monitoring 515:New Safe Confinement 382:Construction started 120:improve this article 3977:Azure swimming pool 3220:on December 6, 2017 3162:. November 29, 2016 3056:Nuclear Power Daily 2607:Eurosafe Forum 2013 2536:on December 3, 2008 2335:. November 14, 2016 2045:. November 29, 2016 1668:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 1443: 854:slurry protection. 602:Grands Projets and 487:Grands Projets and 366:51.3893°N 30.0932°E 362: / 290:General information 4149:Chernobyl necklace 3827:Leonid Telyatnikov 3799:Vassili Nesterenko 3671:Chernobyl disaster 3436:The Indian Express 3213:Xinhua News Agency 3188:. November 9, 2017 2709:. February 7, 2018 2527:Nukem Technologies 2014:on October 2, 2011 1527:September 17, 2007 1441: 1414:radiation exposure 1369:Nukem Technologies 1316:Flat (roof panels) 1029:plasma arc cutting 883: 793:nuclear entombment 723: 600:Vinci Construction 543:Chernobyl disaster 485:Vinci Construction 4231: 4230: 4125:(2019 miniseries) 3820:Nikolai Tarakanov 3771:Valery Khodemchuk 3496:978-1-4020-5349-8 3385:www.aljazeera.com 3158:(Press release). 2846:Bechtel Corporate 2688:978-0-7918-8017-3 2648:978-0-85709-744-6 2585:on July 24, 2008. 2475:978-0-7918-5602-4 2434:978-0-7918-5602-4 2278:on April 25, 2017 1675:February 24, 2022 1616:November 29, 2016 1610:November 14, 2016 1592:November 12, 2014 1568:November 26, 2012 1511: 1510: 1302: 1301: 891:bridge cantilever 824:technogenic layer 800:Foundation design 786:remotely operated 713:Structural design 624:and often called 622:Shelter Structure 586:radioactive waste 547:Shelter Structure 511: 510: 456:Structural system 451:Technical details 282:Alternative names 214: 213: 206: 196: 195: 188: 170: 94: 93: 57: 4276: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4188: 4181: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4127: 4117: 4113:Chernobyl: Abyss 4107: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4050: 4043: 4025: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3993: 3986: 3984:Avanhard stadium 3979: 3972: 3965: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3891: 3884: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3836: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3813:Volodymyr Pravyk 3808: 3806:Vladimir Pikalov 3801: 3794: 3787: 3780: 3778:Boris Shcherbina 3773: 3766: 3764:Vasily Ignatenko 3759: 3752: 3750:Aleksandr Akimov 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3641: 3640: 3634:Ghostarchive.org 3626: 3608:Ghostarchive.org 3597: 3544: 3532: 3531:on June 4, 2011. 3530: 3523: 3501: 3500: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3412:. March 29, 2022 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3216:. Archived from 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3111:. Archived from 3109:Associated Press 3100: 3094: 3093: 3086:Associated Press 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2954:. July 11, 2019. 2952:www.9news.com.au 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2900:Nuclear Newswire 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2866: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2817: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2779: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2728:Татьяна, Грива. 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2662: 2653: 2652: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2604: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2581:. Archived from 2571: 2565: 2564: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2535: 2524: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2500:on July 20, 2011 2496:. Archived from 2486: 2480: 2479: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2407: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2385:Power Technology 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2325: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2277: 2264: 2256: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2208:. Archived from 2195: 2186: 2185: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2113: 2105: 2099: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2035: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2013: 2007:. Archived from 2006: 1998: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1971:. Archived from 1960: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1858: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1830: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1800: 1752: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1704: 1636: 1540: 1444: 1440: 1426:Boston Dynamics' 1406:Radioactive dust 1271:Southern beam B2 1254:Northern beam B2 1169:Southern beam B1 1152:Northern beam B1 1058: 1057: 887:bridge launching 872:Assembly process 863: 610:Legacy structure 532: 443:Other dimensions 438: 436: 377: 376: 374: 373: 372: 371:51.3893; 30.0932 367: 363: 360: 359: 358: 355: 264: 263: 257: 241: 231: 230: 218: 217: 209: 202: 191: 184: 180: 177: 171: 169: 128: 104: 96: 89: 86: 80: 68: 67: 60: 49: 27: 26: 19: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4213: 4199: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4130: 4120: 4110: 4103: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4057:Chernobyl Forum 4055: 4046: 4039: 4028: 4021: 4012: 4007:Jupiter factory 4005: 3998: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3952: 3945: 3940:Polesie Reserve 3938: 3929: 3922: 3917:Velyki Klishchi 3915: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3850: 3839: 3834:Leonid Toptunov 3832: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3757:Anatoly Dyatlov 3755: 3748: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3716:Elephant's Foot 3714: 3707: 3702:Cultural impact 3700: 3693: 3686: 3673: 3668: 3624: 3595: 3590:Wayback Machine 3574: 3569: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3510: 3508:Further reading 3505: 3504: 3497: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3438:. March 3, 2022 3430: 3429: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3101: 3097: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2976:on July 8, 2011 2964: 2963: 2959: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2867: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2818: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2781: 2780: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2663: 2656: 2649: 2633: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2449: 2442: 2435: 2408: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2327: 2326: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2196: 2189: 2174: 2167: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1961: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1892: 1890: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1831: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1775: 1763: 1756: 1753: 1744: 1741: 1732: 1729: 1720: 1717: 1708: 1705: 1634: 1534: 1451: 1435: 1399: 1377:Atomstroyexport 1353: 1307: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1053: 968: 959: 950:hydraulic jacks 939: 874: 858: 802: 769: 757:stainless steel 715: 662: 642:nuclear reactor 626:the sarcophagus 618: 612: 480:Main contractor 461:sandwich panels 434: 432: 370: 368: 364: 361: 356: 353: 351: 349: 348: 277: 276: 275: 274: 267: 266: 265: 244: 232: 210: 199: 198: 197: 192: 181: 175: 172: 129: 127: 117: 105: 90: 84: 81: 78: 69: 65: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4282: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4211: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4128: 4118: 4108: 4100: 4098: 4096:Related topics 4092: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4081: 4074: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4014:Polissya hotel 4010: 4003: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3980: 3973: 3970:amusement park 3959: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3927: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3862: 3852:Exclusion zone 3847: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3785:Valery Legasov 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3683: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3592: 3580: 3573: 3572:External links 3570: 3568: 3567: 3556: 3545: 3533: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3475: 3449: 3423: 3397: 3372: 3346: 3312: 3284: 3258: 3245:Spiegel Online 3231: 3199: 3173: 3147: 3121: 3095: 3069: 3043: 3017: 3006:on May 8, 2021 2987: 2957: 2939: 2913: 2887: 2858: 2833: 2807: 2771: 2746: 2720: 2694: 2687: 2654: 2647: 2627: 2588: 2566: 2547: 2511: 2481: 2474: 2440: 2433: 2397: 2372: 2360:BBC Future Now 2346: 2315: 2302:www.nucnet.org 2289: 2248: 2223: 2187: 2165: 2138: 2129: 2118:. January 2011 2100: 2084: 2056: 2025: 1986: 1950: 1925: 1900: 1875: 1850: 1820: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1771: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1691:March 31, 2022 1688: 1687: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657:April 25, 2019 1655: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1627: 1624: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1586:August 4, 2014 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1550:September 2010 1548: 1545: 1542: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1509: 1508: 1507:December 2018 1505: 1501: 1500: 1499:November 2017 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1467:February 2008 1465: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1434: 1431: 1398: 1395: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 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