679:
663:
646:
63:
39:
497:
345:
629:
612:
691:
583:. This reassignment has yet to enjoy universal acceptance, but is gaining in popularity among taxonomists working with these fishes. Given the current state of flux of the Characidae, a number of other changes will doubtless take place, reassigning once-familiar species to other families. Indeed, the entire
2605:
in 1917, though diverse species have been added to each genus since that time. The anatomical diversity within each genus, the fact that each of these generic groups at the present time cannot be well-defined, and the high number of species involved are the major reasons for the lack of phylogenetic
2823:
Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2013): Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae).
516:
Other fish families that were formerly classified as members of the
Characidae, but which were moved into separate families of their own during recent taxonomic revisions (after 1994) include
683:
595:– has yet to be settled conclusively. Until that phylogeny is settled, the opportunity for yet more upheavals within the taxonomy of the characoid fishes is considerable.
257:
group (at family rank). To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes remaining in the
Characidae currently are the
2730:
Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family
Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling.
1910:
2548:
1724:
206:
2413:
2368:
2152:
1707:
909:
178:
1465:
621:
174:
154:
633:
170:
3127:
158:
2237:
186:
2792:
A New
Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data.
3153:
1666:
190:
2455:
638:
162:
1690:
253:. The name "characins" is an historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a, by and large,
3248:
2856:
Malabarba, L.R. & Jerep, F.C. (2012): A New Genus and
Species of Cheirodontine Fish from South America (Teleostei: Characidae).
3101:
281:
tetras. Fish of this family are important as food in several regions, and also constitute a large percentage of captive freshwater
2938:
3140:
2728:
Oliveira, C., Avelino, G.S., Abe, K.T., Mariguela, T.C., Benine, R.C., Orti, G., Vari, R.P., & Correa e Castro, R.M. (2011):
579:
were originally classified as belonging to the
Characidae, but various revisions place them in their own related family, the
3145:
445:
change. More recent revision has moved many former members of the family into their own related but distinct families – the
409:
2641:(George M.T. Mattox, Monica Toledo-Piza, "Phylogenetic study of the Characinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)"
381:
3253:
2977:
2956:
2601:
in this family. These genera were originally proposed between 1854 and 1908 and are still more or less defined as by
428:
3215:
2878:
2810:, a new genus and species of Brazilian tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Tapajós basin.
388:
3158:
2585:
include the largest number of currently recognized species among characid fishes that are in need of revision;
366:
1002:
The subfamilies and tribes currently recognized by most if not all authors, and their respective genera, are:
395:
2806:
2555:" – are poorly known, a comprehensive phylogenetic study for the entire family is needed. The genera
2547:. The relationships of many fish in this family – in particular species traditionally placed in the
3049:
2930:, from the rio Teles Pires drainage, upper rio Tapajós system (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae).
2745:
Molecular phylogeny of the
Neotropical fish genus Tetragonopterus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae).
650:
362:
2791:
377:
62:
3197:
3054:
2913:
3220:
2870:
2790:
Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O., de Sousa, L.M., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. (2013):
2702:
288:
These fish vary in length; many are less than 3 cm (1.2 in). One of the smallest species,
139:
2635:
Characinae, recently narrowly defined, covers only twelve genera and 79 species closely related to
2840:, a new genus of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) with the redescription of the poorly known
2748:
2007:
355:
295:
These fish inhabit a wide range and variety of habitats. New World fishes, they originate in the
48:
3184:
2729:
2989:
525:
2677:
3179:
3132:
1986:
3207:
3171:
3075:
3036:
3027:
2743:
Bruno F. Melo, Ricardo C. Benine, Gabriel S.C. Silva, Gleisy S. Avelino, Claudio
Oliveira:
678:
616:
8:
3243:
2967:
2371:
are the most recent clades to be removed in order to maintain a monophyletic
Characidae.
1927:
402:
710:
Phylogeny of
Characidae from Melo et al. 2015 with clade names from van der Laan 2017.
592:
442:
274:
57:
2606:
analyses dealing with the relationships of the species within these generic "groups".
3166:
3062:
2973:
2952:
2773:
2764:
2602:
2418:
1874:
1387:
662:
517:
3041:
2962:
2097:
1958:
1618:
561:
545:
541:
324:
229:
3067:
2587:
2563:
2183:
2159:
2135:
2031:
1941:
1846:
1839:
1552:
1489:
1314:
1241:
1057:
1033:
756:
655:
308:
247:
198:
2943:
2593:
2581:
2557:
2552:
2543:
2383:
2378:
2360:
2283:
2090:
2069:
2062:
2038:
1951:
1917:
1790:
1776:
1731:
1415:
1342:
1321:
1286:
1234:
1203:
1151:
1024:
1017:
810:
732:
666:
467:
269:
182:
104:
645:
3237:
3012:
2909:
2777:
2637:
2311:
2304:
2262:
2211:
2190:
2176:
2076:
2017:
1993:
1972:
1934:
1762:
1714:
1635:
1604:
1559:
1510:
1436:
1429:
1248:
1137:
1123:
1106:
832:
694:
584:
580:
569:
565:
549:
533:
489:) and the subfamilies Crenuchinae and Characidiinae were moved to the family
312:
250:
114:
2432:
2425:
2397:
2248:
2128:
2104:
1888:
1853:
1825:
1783:
1769:
1673:
1611:
1590:
1573:
1566:
1524:
1503:
1472:
1455:
1217:
1085:
1050:
778:
588:
557:
529:
482:
472:
456:
316:
254:
202:
38:
3114:
3021:
2575:
2569:
2474:
2446:
2439:
2290:
2276:
2204:
2197:
2142:
2111:
2000:
1979:
1965:
1881:
1797:
1625:
1583:
1517:
1443:
1422:
1401:
1380:
1356:
1349:
1328:
1300:
1276:
1269:
1255:
1224:
1175:
1165:
1130:
1099:
1092:
1078:
1071:
537:
521:
490:
451:
263:
236:
233:
124:
2521:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2460:
2364:
2356:
2332:
2255:
2218:
2121:
2055:
2045:
1900:
1860:
1832:
1811:
1755:
1680:
1656:
1642:
1597:
1542:
1496:
1394:
1373:
1366:
1335:
1293:
1210:
1189:
1158:
1043:
887:
847:
790:
611:
553:
505:
486:
477:
446:
369: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
323:
Rivers. Many of these fish come from rivers and tributaries, while the
278:
194:
166:
496:
3119:
3088:
2390:
2325:
2318:
2269:
2225:
2169:
2024:
1748:
1741:
1408:
1307:
1196:
1182:
924:
74:
3106:
2983:
344:
3093:
3006:
2918:
2516:
2502:
2404:
2339:
2083:
1697:
1649:
1479:
1262:
1113:
296:
282:
240:
94:
2297:
1867:
1804:
1144:
1064:
628:
576:
501:
461:
320:
28:
2733:
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11: 275. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-275
690:
485:. The former subfamily Alestiinae was promoted to family level (
2467:
1818:
304:
84:
3192:
3080:
2598:
2538:
300:
258:
2926:
de Lucena, Carlos Alberto Santos (2003): New characid fish,
2826:
Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4): 297-318.
441:
This family has undergone a large amount of systematic and
328:
243:
2795:
PLoS ONE, 8 (1): e52098. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052098
2678:"Hyphessobrycon roseus (GÉRY, 1960) Yellow Phantom Tetra"
2805:
Ohara, W.M., Mirande, J.M. & Lima, F.C.T.d. (2017):
2747:
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, November 2015,
455:
are a typical example, having now been moved into the
2724:
2722:
2836:Vari, R.P., Melo, B.F. & Oliveira, C. (2016):
3235:
2784:
2719:
2597:in the usual delimitation are among the largest
2868:
2758:
2756:
459:, the assorted predatory species belonging to
273:, as well as a few related forms, such as the
2850:
2762:
475:, and the sabre-toothed fishes of the genus
292:, grows to a maximum length of 1.9 cm.
2753:
2737:
2622:
2620:
2618:
37:
2897:
2895:
2846:Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (2): e150154.
2799:
2643:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
429:Learn how and when to remove this message
2871:"Pristellinae Géry & Boutière, 1964"
2830:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2529:
689:
677:
661:
644:
627:
610:
495:
315:, including such major waterways as the
2908:
2763:van der Laan, Richard (December 2017).
2615:
3236:
2892:
2988:
2987:
2652:
261:, comprising the very similar genera
3198:E17A4F2C-FFCB-FFC1-FF68-490BFE27FAFA
367:adding citations to reliable sources
338:
2551:, which had become something of a "
13:
14:
3265:
2350:
601:
3249:Extant Miocene first appearances
2879:World Register of Marine Species
343:
327:, for example, inhabits flooded
61:
2862:
2817:
2749:doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.022
354:needs additional citations for
2971:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2772:(23rd ed.). p. 997.
2695:
2670:
2629:
334:
1:
2609:
512:) might be a distinct family.
471:have now been moved into the
606:
299:, ranging from southwestern
7:
2813:PLoS ONE, 12 (2): e0170648.
997:
651:Brachychalcinus orbicularis
10:
3270:
2858:Copeia, 2012 (2): 243-250.
684:Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus
504:and relatives (like these
2996:
2928:Hyphessobrycon scutulatus
2649:.4:809–915, August 2012).
922:
907:
900:
885:
878:
845:
830:
823:
808:
801:
794:
776:
769:
754:
747:
729:
722:
481:have been moved into the
152:
147:
58:Scientific classification
56:
45:
36:
23:
3254:Ray-finned fish families
2912:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2869:Bailly, Nicolas (2015).
2948:Characoids of the World
2932:Neotropical Ichthyology
2922:. October 2011 version.
49:Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
703:
687:
675:
659:
642:
625:
591:– fishes possessing a
513:
27:Temporal range: Upper
3180:Paleobiology Database
2510:Genera incertae sedis
693:
681:
665:
648:
631:
614:
499:
290:Hyphessobrycon roseus
2766:Freshwater fish list
700:Nematobrycon palmeri
672:Hemigrammus hyanuary
617:Aphyocharax anisitsi
363:improve this article
46:Red phantom tetras (
2968:Fishes of the World
2914:"Family Characidae"
2808:Phycocharax rasbora
2541:in this family are
1928:Pseudocheirodontini
510:Myleus schomburgkii
2537:A large number of
1911:Protocheirodontini
704:
688:
676:
660:
643:
626:
593:Weberian apparatus
514:
3231:
3230:
3167:Open Tree of Life
2990:Taxon identifiers
2980:
2963:Nelson, Joseph S.
2959:
2842:Protocheirodon pi
2603:Carl H. Eigenmann
2549:Tetragonopterinae
2419:Acestrorhynchidae
1725:Trochilocharacini
1388:Microschemobrycon
994:
993:
989:
988:
980:
979:
971:
970:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
935:
934:
867:
866:
858:
857:
518:Acestrorhynchidae
439:
438:
431:
413:
246:belonging to the
215:
214:
207:Tetragonopterinae
143:
3261:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3015:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2951:
2923:
2902:
2901:de Lucena (2003)
2899:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2803:
2797:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2760:
2751:
2741:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2650:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2414:Heterocharacinae
2369:Heterocharacinae
2153:Tetragonopterini
2098:Kolpotocheirodon
1959:Aphyocharacidium
1708:Phenacobryconini
1619:Pseudocorynopoma
910:Tetragonopterini
903:
902:
881:
880:
826:
825:
804:
803:
797:
796:
772:
771:
750:
749:
725:
724:
717:
716:
707:
706:
562:Prochilodontidae
546:Gasteropelecidae
542:Distichodontidae
434:
427:
423:
420:
414:
412:
371:
347:
339:
325:blind cave tetra
307:through most of
179:Heterocharacinae
138:
66:
65:
41:
21:
20:
16:Family of fishes
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3219:
3214:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3105:
3100:
3092:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3053:
3048:
3040:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2992:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2818:
2804:
2800:
2789:
2785:
2769:
2761:
2754:
2742:
2738:
2727:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2707:shadowraven.net
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2653:
2634:
2630:
2626:FishBase (2011)
2625:
2616:
2612:
2535:
2527:
2526:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2233:
2184:Acestrocephalus
2160:Tetragonopterus
2032:Heterocheirodon
1942:Pseudocheirodon
1896:
1847:Othonocheirodus
1840:Monotocheirodon
1553:Glandulocaudini
1490:Xenurobryconini
1466:Eretmobryconini
1451:
1315:Gymnocharacinus
1242:Brachychalcinus
1034:Stethaprioninae
1000:
995:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
868:
859:
757:Stethaprioninae
697:
669:
656:Stethaprioninae
622:Aphyocharacinae
609:
604:
598:
435:
424:
418:
415:
372:
370:
360:
348:
337:
209:
205:
201:
199:Stethaprioninae
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:Gymnocharacinae
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
155:Aphyocharacinae
137:
60:
32:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3212:
3202:
3189:
3176:
3163:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3111:
3098:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3033:
3018:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2982:
2981:
2960:
2941:
2924:
2910:Froese, Rainer
2904:
2903:
2891:
2861:
2849:
2838:Protocheirodon
2829:
2816:
2798:
2783:
2752:
2736:
2718:
2694:
2682:Seriously Fish
2669:
2651:
2628:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2594:Hyphessobrycon
2582:Bryconamericus
2558:Hyphessobrycon
2553:wastebin taxon
2544:incertae sedis
2534:
2532:incertae sedis
2528:
2525:
2524:
2507:
2506:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2384:Iguanodectidae
2379:Iguanodectinae
2374:
2373:
2361:Iguanodectidae
2352:
2351:Former members
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2284:Hyphessobrycon
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2091:Ctenocheirodon
2087:
2080:
2073:
2070:Aphyocheirodon
2066:
2063:Acinocheirodon
2051:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2039:Prodontocharax
2035:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1952:Aphyocharacini
1947:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:Protocheirodon
1905:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1791:Ceratobranchia
1787:
1780:
1777:Bryconamericus
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:Trochilocharax
1720:
1719:
1718:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1343:Pseudochalceus
1339:
1332:
1325:
1322:Hollandichthys
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1287:Gymnocharacini
1282:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1235:Stethaprionini
1230:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1204:Brittanichthys
1200:
1193:
1186:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1152:Macropsobrycon
1148:
1141:
1134:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1025:Spintherobolus
1021:
1018:Amazonspinther
1009:Spintherobolus
1004:
999:
996:
992:
991:
987:
986:
983:
982:
978:
977:
974:
973:
969:
968:
965:
964:
960:
959:
956:
955:
951:
950:
947:
946:
942:
941:
938:
937:
933:
932:
929:
928:
921:
918:
917:
914:
913:
906:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
884:
879:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
829:
824:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:Aphyocharacini
807:
802:
800:
795:
793:
787:
786:
783:
782:
775:
770:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
753:
748:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
733:Spintherobolus
728:
723:
721:
715:
712:
711:
705:
667:Costello tetra
634:Brycon hilarii
608:
605:
603:
602:Classification
600:
468:Hoplerythrinus
437:
436:
351:
349:
342:
336:
333:
285:fish species.
270:Hyphessobrycon
213:
212:
183:Iguanodectinae
171:Cheirodontinae
150:
149:
145:
144:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
105:Actinopterygii
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
43:
42:
34:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2978:0-471-25031-7
2975:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:0-87666-458-3
2954:
2949:
2945:
2944:Géry, Jacques
2942:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2896:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2757:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2667:Nelson (2006)
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2312:Parapristella
2309:
2307:
2306:
2305:Paracheirodon
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2263:Ectrepopterus
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:Phenacogaster
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:Acanthocharax
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2077:Cheirodontops
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2018:Cheirodontini
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1994:Phenagoniates
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:Leptagoniates
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1935:Nanocheirodon
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1763:Bryconacidnus
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1715:Phenacobrycon
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:Hemibryconini
1632:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1605:Gephyrocharax
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:Glandulocauda
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1511:Scopaeocharax
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1437:Tucanoichthys
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:Thrissobrycon
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1249:Gymnocorymbus
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1138:Erythrocharax
1135:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:Stygichthyini
1120:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1107:Psellogrammus
1104:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1003:
985:
984:
976:
975:
967:
966:
958:
957:
949:
948:
940:
939:
931:
930:
927:
926:
920:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
905:
904:
898:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:
883:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
850:
849:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
833:Cheirodontini
828:
827:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
806:
805:
799:
798:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
774:
773:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
752:
751:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
735:
734:
727:
726:
719:
718:
714:
713:
709:
708:
701:
696:
695:Emperor tetra
692:
686:
685:
680:
673:
668:
664:
657:
653:
652:
647:
640:
636:
635:
630:
623:
619:
618:
613:
599:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Serrasalmidae
578:
573:
571:
570:Triportheidae
567:
566:Serrasalmidae
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:Hemiodontidae
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:Ctenoluciidae
531:
527:
526:Chilodontidae
523:
519:
511:
507:
503:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
469:
464:
463:
458:
454:
453:
449:of the genus
448:
444:
433:
430:
422:
411:
408:
404:
401:
397:
394:
390:
387:
383:
380: –
379:
375:
374:Find sources:
368:
364:
358:
357:
352:This section
350:
346:
341:
340:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:South America
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
251:Characiformes
249:
245:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
210:and see text
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:Aphyoditeinae
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:Characiformes
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
51:
50:
44:
40:
35:
30:
22:
19:
2997:
2966:
2947:
2939:PDF fulltext
2937:(2): 93-96.
2934:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2882:. Retrieved
2874:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2794:
2786:
2765:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:
2703:"Characidae"
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2681:
2672:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2631:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2531:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2433:Heterocharax
2431:
2426:Gnathocharax
2424:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2398:Iguanodectes
2396:
2389:
2376:
2375:
2354:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2238:Pristellinae
2235:
2234:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2158:
2150:
2141:
2134:
2129:Bryconexodon
2127:
2119:
2110:
2105:Odontostilbe
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2008:Xenagoniates
2006:
1999:
1992:
1987:Paragoniates
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1889:Rhinopetitia
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1854:Phallobrycon
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1826:Lepidocharax
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1784:Caiapobrycon
1782:
1775:
1770:Bryconadenos
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1730:
1722:
1713:
1705:
1696:
1688:
1679:
1674:Carlastyanax
1672:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1624:
1617:
1612:Hysteronotus
1610:
1603:
1596:
1591:Chrysobrycon
1589:
1581:
1574:Mimagoniates
1572:
1567:Lophiobrycon
1565:
1558:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1525:Xenurobrycon
1523:
1516:
1509:
1504:Ptychocharax
1502:
1495:
1487:
1478:
1473:Eretmobrycon
1471:
1463:
1456:Stevardiinae
1453:
1452:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1223:
1218:Nematocharax
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1086:Nematobrycon
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1051:Astyanacinus
1049:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
923:
908:
886:
846:
831:
809:
779:Stevardiinae
777:
755:
731:
730:
699:
682:
671:
649:
632:
615:
597:
589:Ostariophysi
574:
558:Parodontidae
530:Citharinidae
515:
509:
483:Cynodontidae
476:
473:Erythrinidae
466:
460:
457:Lebiasinidae
450:
447:pencilfishes
440:
425:
419:January 2024
416:
406:
399:
392:
385:
378:"Characidae"
373:
361:Please help
356:verification
353:
294:
289:
287:
268:
262:
255:monophyletic
225:
221:
217:
216:
203:Stevardiinae
187:Pristellinae
153:
148:Subfamilies
134:
47:
18:
3115:iNaturalist
3022:Wikispecies
2884:28 December
2687:12 December
2576:Moenkhausia
2570:Hemigrammus
2475:Chilobrycon
2447:Lonchogenys
2440:Hoplocharax
2291:Moenkhausia
2277:Hemigrammus
2205:Galeocharax
2198:Cynopotamus
2143:Roeboexodon
2112:Serrapinnus
2001:Prionobrama
1980:Inpaichthys
1966:Aphyocharax
1882:Rhinobrycon
1798:Cyanogaster
1667:Creagrutini
1626:Pterobrycon
1584:Stevardiini
1518:Tyttocharax
1444:Tyttobrycon
1423:Serrabrycon
1402:Oligobrycon
1381:Leptobrycon
1357:Schultzites
1350:Rachoviscus
1329:Moenkhausia
1301:Dectobrycon
1277:Stichonodon
1270:Stethaprion
1256:Orthospinus
1225:Phycocharax
1176:Pristellini
1166:Stygichthys
1131:Coptobrycon
1100:Parastremma
1093:Oligosarcus
1079:Inpaichthys
1072:Ctenobrycon
720:Characidae
575:The larger
538:Curimatidae
522:Anostomidae
506:disk tetras
491:Crenuchidae
452:Nannostomus
335:Systematics
264:Hemigrammus
237:subtropical
191:Rhoadsiinae
125:Characoidei
3244:Characidae
3238:Categories
3042:Characidae
3028:Characidae
2998:Characidae
2712:2019-02-01
2610:References
2522:Chalceidae
2496:Bryconidae
2491:Salmininae
2489:Subfamily
2482:Henochilus
2461:Bryconidae
2456:Bryconinae
2454:Subfamily
2412:Subfamily
2377:Subfamily
2365:Bryconidae
2357:Chalceidae
2333:Probolodus
2256:Deuterodon
2236:Subfamily
2219:Priocharax
2122:Exodontini
2056:Compsurini
2046:Saccoderma
1901:Characinae
1899:Subfamily
1875:Planaltina
1861:Piabarchus
1833:Microgenys
1812:Hypobrycon
1756:Aulixidens
1681:Creagrutus
1657:Hemibrycon
1643:Acrobrycon
1598:Corynopoma
1543:Argopleura
1535:Argopleura
1497:Iotabrycon
1454:Subfamily
1395:Mixobrycon
1374:Genycharax
1367:Scissorini
1336:Psalidodon
1294:Andromakhe
1211:Bryconella
1190:Atopomesus
1159:Parecbasis
1044:Rhoadsiini
1032:Subfamily
1007:Subfamily
888:Exodontini
848:Compsurini
791:Characinae
639:Bryconinae
554:Hepsetidae
487:Alestiidae
478:Hydrolycus
389:newspapers
234:freshwater
218:Characidae
195:Salmininae
167:Characinae
163:Bryconinae
135:Characidae
121:Suborder:
24:Characidae
2778:2468-9157
2520:moved to
2494:moved to
2459:moved to
2417:moved to
2391:Bryconops
2382:moved to
2326:Pristella
2319:Petitella
2270:Hasemania
2226:Roeboides
2170:Characini
2025:Cheirodon
1749:Attonitus
1742:Diapomini
1691:Landonini
1409:Oxybrycon
1308:Grundulus
1197:Axelrodia
1183:Aphyodite
925:Characini
607:Phylogeny
585:phylogeny
443:taxonomic
226:characins
222:characids
140:Latreille
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
3007:Wikidata
2965:(2006):
2946:(1977):
2919:FishBase
2588:Astyanax
2564:Astyanax
2517:Chalceus
2503:Salminus
2405:Piabucus
2340:Thayeria
2084:Compsura
1698:Landonia
1650:Boehlkea
1480:Markiana
1263:Poptella
1114:Rhoadsia
1058:Astyanax
998:Taxonomy
577:piranhas
502:piranhas
297:Americas
283:aquarium
241:tropical
131:Family:
95:Chordata
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
31:– Recent
3013:Q625352
2530:Genera
2298:Myxiops
1868:Piabina
1805:Diapoma
1416:Scissor
1145:Jupiaba
1065:Carlana
587:of the
462:Hoplias
403:scholar
321:Orinoco
309:Central
228:, is a
111:Order:
101:Class:
29:Miocene
3221:151961
3208:114045
3205:uBio:
3185:265775
3172:701509
3146:162848
3133:114515
3094:1CHRCF
2976:
2955:
2776:
2638:Charax
2599:genera
2579:, and
2468:Brycon
2191:Charax
2168:Tribe
2151:Tribe
2136:Exodon
2120:Tribe
2054:Tribe
2016:Tribe
1950:Tribe
1926:Tribe
1909:Tribe
1819:Knodus
1740:Tribe
1723:Tribe
1706:Tribe
1689:Tribe
1665:Tribe
1634:Tribe
1582:Tribe
1551:Tribe
1533:Tribe
1488:Tribe
1464:Tribe
1365:Tribe
1285:Tribe
1233:Tribe
1174:Tribe
1122:Tribe
1042:Tribe
736:clade
568:, and
405:
398:
391:
384:
376:
317:Amazon
305:México
259:tetras
230:family
220:, the
142:, 1825
3216:WoRMS
3193:Plazi
3128:IRMNG
3120:47387
2875:WoRMS
2770:(PDF)
2249:Bario
1537:clade
1011:clade
410:JSTOR
396:books
329:caves
301:Texas
248:order
3159:7992
3154:NCBI
3141:ITIS
3107:7201
3102:GBIF
3089:EPPO
3081:8224
3050:BOLD
2974:ISBN
2953:ISBN
2886:2023
2774:ISSN
2689:2017
2591:and
2539:taxa
2367:and
2355:The
500:The
465:and
382:news
319:and
311:and
303:and
279:neon
277:and
275:cave
267:and
244:fish
239:and
3076:EoL
3068:7ZZ
3063:CoL
3055:894
3037:ADW
2647:165
365:by
232:of
224:or
3240::
3218::
3195::
3182::
3169::
3156::
3143::
3130::
3117::
3104::
3091::
3078::
3065::
3052::
3039::
3024::
3009::
2950:.
2916:.
2894:^
2877:.
2873:.
2844:.
2755:^
2721:^
2705:.
2680:.
2654:^
2645:,
2617:^
2573:,
2567:,
2561:,
2363:,
2359:,
572:.
564:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
508:,
493:.
331:.
52:)
2935:1
2888:.
2780:.
2715:.
2691:.
702:)
698:(
674:)
670:(
658:)
654:(
641:)
637:(
624:)
620:(
432:)
426:(
421:)
417:(
407:·
400:·
393:·
386:·
359:.
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