896:. They raided the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the neighbouring tracts in 1847, 1848, 1859, and 1860. As a consequence, with a view to paying attention to the areas experiencing repeated raids and to protecting the people from the aggression of the independent tribes living further east but primarily to occupy the Chakma land, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal recommended the removal of the hill tracts from the regulation district and the appointment of a superintendent over the tribes. Both of these recommendations were adopted by Act XXII in 1860, which came into effect on 18 August of that year. The Hill Tracts were separated from Chittagong district, a superintendent was appointed for the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and its headquarters were established at
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Bangladesh was raised in 1995. The hill tribes' conflict with
Bangladesh caused the exodus of 50,000 Chakmas to India from the Chittagong Hill Tracts. A 1992 deal between India and Bangladesh arranged that Bangladesh would take them back. A March 1997 agreement between Chakma leaders and Bangladesh provided for the repatriation to Bangladesh of Chakma refugees in Tripura. Both East Pakistan's partition and Bangladesh's independence caused an influx into India of Chakma refugees. In the 1960s, hundreds of Muslim families from other parts of East Pakistan were resettled in the Matamuhuri Valley region of Alikadam, Feni Valley regions of Belchari and Tulanchari, and the regions of Lama, Bandarban, and Ramgarh.
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since 1900 in order to prevent mainlanders from acquiring ownership of the tribal land. The CHT underwent a significant change when the
Pakistani armed forces overthrew the government in 1958 and renamed the protected area "Tribal Area." Finally, the 1962 Constitution was amended in 1963 to repeal the earlier designation, making the CHT accessible to all non-tribals. As a result, Chakmas' jhum cultivation was hampered, and numerous unauthorised settlers invaded this territory. The
1601:, is a game played throughout the Chakma region. Two teams stand on either side of a central line. They take turns sending a player into opposing territory to touch as many people as they can during the space of one breath, while at the same time saying "Ha-do-do." If the player runs out of breath or is caught by their opponents, they are out. On the other hand, if the player successfully returns to their own territory, the players they have tagged must leave the game.
1067:, to provide electricity for much of East Pakistan. The project flooded forty per cent of the farmland in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and displaced nearly 100,000 Chakmas. About sixty per cent were resettled, and forty per cent fled to India. Chakmas made up 90% of the 10,000 people whose 54,000 acres of farmland were flooded in 1962 by the Karnafuli power plant and Kaptai Dam. Inept relocation and insufficient compensation were offered to the Chakmas. India used
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1128:(Peace Force) was founded as the military army of PCJSS. In an effort to win independence for the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the Shanti Bahini launched guerrilla attacks against the government. Jumma guerrillas made up of Shanti Bahini forces. The party heads of PCJSS are mostly Chakma because of their 59% literacy rate, which is more than other CHT tribes, so they control the PCJSS.
780:, naming it Rajanagar. After Jan Baksh's death in 1800, his son Tabbar Khan became king but died shortly after. In 1802, Tabbar Khan's younger brother Jabbar Khan became king and ruled for ten years. After his death, his son Dharam Baksh Khan became king in 1812 and ruled until his death in 1832. Without any male heir, the government appointed Suklal Dewan as manager.
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successive
Bangladesh governments, despite culture and ethnicity being used as an argument against Pakistan by Bengalis during the war. A 1997 peace agreement ended the over the twenty-year-long war on autonomy between Bangladesh and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Jumma inhabitants. The Chittagong Hill Tracts showed that only Bengalis were to be beneficiaries of
1403:, Cambodia, Laos, India, Bangladesh, Sinhalese New Year and a few other Asian countries. Houses are decorated with flowers, young children pay special attention to the elderly to win their blessings, visiting Buddhist monasteries, and preparing festive and traditional Chakma dishes for guests are some of the important things.
657:, defeated the Arakanese, conquered Chittagong, and renamed it Islamabad. Mughal rule, however, was confined to the plain areas of Chittagong early on, leaving the Chakmas largely unaffected. The Mughals eventually demanded tribute from the Chakmas after a trade dispute developed between the two groups.
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immigrants and headed by another ruler of
Arakanese extraction. The division occurred because the British government was not in favour of the power of the Chakma chief, who controlled the hill tribes. Further, the government was increasingly concerned about the political and administrative affairs of
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The frontier situation put pressure on the Chakma chief to shift his capital, and in 1874, he did so, from
Rajanagar to Rangamati. At that time, cotton was grown in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and was important to the British for their mills, so effective control of the Chittagong Hill Tracts was also
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while serving as Raja of the Chakma. The Awami League candidate Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman lost the election to Roy. Roy was in Southeast Asia when Bangladesh came under Indian army control in December 1971. Bhutto assigned the position of Minorities Affairs Minister to Roy and he helped lobby the United
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assigned a south-east Asian diplomatic post to Tridiv Roy during the war as a reward for his collaboration. Roy chose the
Pakistani side, fearing that an independent Bangladesh would likely have democratic rule and he might lose his feudal interests. Pakistan retained his support and allegiance, Roy
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on 17 August 1947. The decision by
Radcliffe to draw this boundary paved the way for future war, violence, and conflict. The 1956 Pakistani Constitution, which designated the CHT as an "excluded area," kept things as they were. It was the fact that the CHT was governed under a different set of rules
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In
British India, there was a measure of security and protection afforded to the non-Muslim and non-Bengali Chittagong Hill Tract Chakmas and other tribal people. Bengal and Assam did not govern the CHT during this period. Rather the CHT was a distinct administrative unit that enjoyed a large degree
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in 1857, the
British government assumed direct control of the administration of India, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts, which were not yet formally separated from Chittagong, from the East India Company. The territorial jurisdiction of the Chakma Raja, however, was fixed by a proclamation dated
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The relationships between Chakmas and their neighbours are complex. On one hand, many Chakmas are well-integrated in mainstream middle-class Bangladeshi and Indian society and are particularly notable for their service as officers and ambassadors in Bangladesh's military and diplomatic corps. Chakma
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involves the performances of different socio-religious activities. In the context of its nature, some say that Bizu is a festival, which revolves around agricultural activities because it is celebrated in mid-April when the earth is just drenched with the first rain and the zhum sowing is taken up.
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As in India's Tripura State, the Chakmas lived in Bangladesh before it gained its independence. Recent migrations of ethnic Bengalis into traditionally Chakma regions of Bangladesh have raised tensions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Successive governments have dealt forcefully with Chakma uprisings
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but the state of Arunachal Pradesh had reservations. Chakmas were thus allowed to be rehabilitated. The Election Commission of India framed guidelines to enable Chakmas to have the right to vote by having their names enrolled in the electoral rolls of the constituency where they have been settled.
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requested autonomy in 1970. Tripura state had to deal with the issue of Chakma families. Agriculture, employment, and education are dominated by Chakmas compared to Arunachal natives because they are more skilled and have a higher literacy rate. The issue of returning Chakma refugees from India to
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and Tripura were destinations of Buddhist Chakma refugees fleeing from the war started by plains-dwelling Muslim Bangladeshis settling the CHT, as well as the government of Bangladesh implementing a military police force to expel Chittagong Hill Tracts natives. "The Muslim World" complained about
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The hill tribes were not British subjects but merely tributaries and we recognized no right on our part to interfere with their internal arrangements. The near neighborhood of a powerful and stable government naturally brought the chiefs by degree under control and every leading chief paid to the
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The rights of CHT natives were ignored when the Rangmati Kaptai Dam was built. Because the CHT Jummas were apathetic towards Bangladeshi independence, the Bengali majority regarded them as disloyal. No autonomy was awarded to the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the Bangladesh Constitution of 1972. The
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were stripped of their property by the XLVI Vested and Non-President Property Act by Bangladesh and affected by the 1964 Enemy Property Ordinance. Lands in CHT were taken by Bengali colonists; the hill peoples of the CHT were not afforded any cultural or ethnic recognition, and sympathy from
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In 1713, the conflict was resolved, and a stable relationship developed between the Chakmas and the Mughals; the latter never demanded complete subjugation of the former. The Mughals also rewarded the Chakma king Shukdev Roy; he established a new capital in his name in an area still known as
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and its "liberalism", which was aimed against the hegemony of Pakistan. Even the "pro-minority" and participant of the CHT peace agreement, the Awami League, refused to grant the status of Adibashi, declaring that according to the constitution, Bengali is the nationality and Bangladeshi is
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politicians have served as ministers in the national ministry of Bangladesh and the state ministry of Tripura. However, the persecution of the indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, of which the Chakma are the predominant ethnicity, has been described as genocidal, but since the
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The three-day festival known as Biju/Bizu or Chakma New Year, celebrated with much enthusiasm. This Chakma New Year followed the same Indian calendar that shares the same date of the New Year. This Biju is also celebrated on the same date by various Buddhist countries such as Myanmar
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and the Chakmas from 1777 to 1787. The East India Company launched four offensives against the Chakmas in 1770, 1780, 1782 and 1785. In 1785, the Company started peace negotiations with the Chakma king Jan Baksh Khan, son of Sher Doulat Khan. In 1787 a peace treaty was signed in
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The Chittagong Hill Tracts Chakma population was estimated at 250,000 in 1964. The CHT was described as being hilly, forested, a verdant green landscape filled with fountains of water. A deputy commissioner administered the Chittagong Hill Tracts Division under Pakistani rule.
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On this and other festival days, Chakmas put on their best clothes and visit the temple. There, they offer flowers to the image of Buddha, light candles, and listen to sermons from the priests. Alms (offerings) are given to the poor, and feasts are held for the priests.
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India's ... concession to Bangladesh over the sharing of the Ganga waters (12 December 1996) was reciprocated by the latter in signing an agreement with Chakma leaders (9 March 1997). It provided for the return of the Chakma refugees sheltered in Tripura to
1453:. They also enjoy specially made vegetable curry known as "Paa Zawn Tawn", different homemade sweets like Bawraa-pyi-de, Tsaan-yei pyi-de, Khaw Ga Pyi-de, and Beng Pyi-de; and take part in different traditional sports. The day ends with the Bizu dance.
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Bangladesh government allocated funds to thousands of Bengali families to settle in the tracts, arguing that the area was less crowded than the rest of densely populated Bangladesh. By 1981 Bengali migrants constituted a third of the population of the
784:, the widow of Dharam Baksh Khan, applied to the government to allow her to run state affairs. The government accepted her application and in 1844 issued an order to that effect. In 1846, the annual revenue payable to the company was reset to 11,803.00
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lead the devotees for the chanting of verses composed in Pali in praise of the holy triple gem: the Buddha, the Dharma (his teachings), and the Sangha (his disciples). Apart from this, other practices such as lighting thousands of lamps and releasing
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In September 2015, the Supreme Court of India passed a judgment directing the government of India and of Arunachal Pradesh to grant Indian citizenship rights to all of the Chakmas, holding that they cannot be discriminated against any other Indian.
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Other pastimes include Nadeng Hara, played with a spinning top; and various wrestling games. Pawti hara is a complex traditional game that is played by two teams. Due to how sophisticated its rules are, it is becoming less and less common.
927:. The Chakma circle was centrally located and inhabited mainly by the Chakmas, the Bohmong circle was under the rule of a Bohmong chief of Arakanese extraction, and the Mong circle was also inhabited by Arakanese speaking clans with some
1048:. This force and the construction of Kaptai Dam by the then-Pakistan government in Chakma areas which submerged cultivable lands and displaced thousands resulted in the migration during 1964–1969 of a large population of Chakmas into
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Chittagong collector a certain tribute or yearly gifts. These sums were at first fluctuating in amount but gradually were brought to a specific and fixed limit, eventually taking the shape not of tribute but of revenue to the state.
1031:. Native Chakmas made up most of the officials except for some British during British India rule. Pakistan received the CHT from Radcliffe after the issue of Punjab districts and the CHT revised boundaries were pushed onto him by
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citizenship and refused to acknowledge that Bangladesh had indigenous people. Bengali nationalism is part of the BNP's ideology. Jumma nationalism was spawned from Bengali nationalism due to the hegemony exerted by the Bengalis.
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Some typical Chakma dishes include fish, vegetables, and spices stuffed into a length of bamboo and cooked in a low fire; foods wrapped in banana leaves and placed beside a fire; and eggs that are aged until they get fermented.
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Local tribes demanded an independent state for the Chittagong Hill Tract because Bengalis and the tribals did not share a religion, language, or ethnicity, and they asked for their own independent area in the 1930s when the
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Religious persecution, ethnic violence which had its roots in economic reasons forced the Chakmas to enter India en masse ... 50,000 Chakma refugees entered Tripura in April 1986 ... by July 1989 their number rose to
4252:"Tripura Govt Holiday List 2021 pdf – Bank Holidays in Tripura 2021 – Tripura Government Holidays 2021 – Holidays 2021 Tripura Government – Tripura Govt Holidays 2021 – Tripura Government Holidays 2021 pdf download"
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Nations (UN) for Pakistan after the war. The post of ambassador and tourism was also awarded to Roy. Roy represented Pakistan when it protested at the UN over Bangladesh. Pakistan retained the allegiance of only
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The indigenous Jumma peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) consisting of Chakmas, Marmas, Tripuras, Khiyangs, Lushais, Khumis, Chaks, Murungs, Bowms and Pankoos, are not recognised by the Constitution of
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and Tridiv Roy among their East Pakistan MPs. Roy refused to join Bangladesh because the hill tracts were not granted autonomy and stayed on Pakistan's side despite Mujib trying to urge Tridiv to quit Pakistan.
1124:(PCJSS; Chittagong Hill Tracts Peoples Solidarity Association), which was founded by Chakmas, demanded a halt to Bengali settlement, settlers returning lands to CHT natives, and autonomy. On 7 January 1973,
900:. The hills in his charge were henceforth known as the Hill Tracts of the Chittagong. For the next few years, attention focused on preserving peace on the frontier. In 1869, the headquarters were shifted to
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And it is believed that with the objective of getting a rich harvest, worship of the earth was arranged, which later on took the form of a festival. However, of late it has lost its agricultural character.
1011:, to retain Chakma loyalty in the face of Japanese advances, local British officials guaranteed the tribals that the Chittagong Hill Tracts would be split of separately in the event of Indian independence.
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enrolled some. In 1971, the Pakistan army enrolled CHT hill men. After the war, Tridev Roy maintained his allegiance to Pakistan, which he supported in the war. In 1970, he served as independent in the
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In February 1972, the Prime Ministers of India and Bangladesh issued a joint statement by virtue of which the government of India decided to confer citizenship on the Chakmas under Section 5(1)(a) of
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made occasional raids in the Hill Tracts between 1865 and 1888 and killed many people, including Lt. Steward and his survey party. In 1872, 1,890 military offensives were launched simultaneously into
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904:. The official designation of the post of superintendent was changed to Deputy Commissioner and full control of matters about revenue and justice throughout the Hill Tracts was vested in his office.
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Bijak of the Chakmas we can easily take into our considerations that the Chakmas went to Burma from India in far ancient times. As the Chakmas regard them as the desendents from the shakya clan.
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Autonomous police forces were created by the Hill Tract tribes in 1881. Tribals complained to Britain after the Hill Tracts experienced attempts at penetration by lowlander Bengali Muslims.
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Chakma conflict is both a religious and ethnic problem in Bangladesh. The Chittagong Hill Tracts saw tribal Chakma leave the area due to religious and ethnic strife caused by Bangladesh's
2068:
See 'Chakma'. Since Chakma are not recorded as an ethnicity in all states where they live (such as Arunachal Pradesh) language is the best method to estimate their population in India.
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1697:. Chakma is written in an alphabet that allows for its cursive form, and is almost identical to the Khmer and the Lanna (Chiangmai) characters, which was formerly in use in
1582:. The vegetables include yams, pumpkins, melons, and cucumbers. Vegetables and fruit gathered from the forest may be added to the diet. Fish, poultry, and meat are eaten.
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The modern linguistic study suggests that the term "Chakma" originates from two constituent words: "Tsak" and "Ma". In this context, "Tsak" is believed to be derived from "
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After the partition of India in 1947, many Bengali Buddhists have migrated from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) ... including the migration of the tribal Chakma Buddhists.
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The Chakma script shows similarities to Brahmi script, indicating cultural links. There's a theory suggesting Chakmas may descend from the Shakya lineage of ancient India.
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and Bangladeshi Muslims. The label "genocidal" has been used to describe actions by the Bangladeshi government upon the non-Islamic Chittagong Hill Tracts Jumma natives.
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Later, the British through the Deputy Commissioner took over absolute control of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (including the Chakma circle) after the implementation of the
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a lush green country of wooded hills, jumping fountains and quick-flowing streams ... the quarter of a million strong Chakma tribe of the idyllic Chittagong Hill Tracts.
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seeds are found and grown in wild forests of hills and are similar to bean seeds but bigger in size. When the time comes, the large beans dry out and the seeds known as
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texts. As employees of the king, the Chakmas wielded power in the Burmese court that was disproportionate to their number. The Burmese people still refer to Chakmas as
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tree. The language was very similar to present-day Kachin and Burmese languages. But at present days, their language shares many common words or loan words from the
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626:(1593–1612) conquered the areas and styled himself as the highest and most powerful king of Arakan, Chacomas, and Bengal in a 1607 letter to Portuguese mercenary
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Mohammad Reza Khan, but the Chakma king Sher Doulat Khan, who was practically independent though nominally paid tribute to the Mughals, did not accept the
630:. After their defeat by the Arakanese, the Chakmas migrated to the present Chittagong Hill Tracts and founded their capital city Alekyangdong (present-day
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Kallol Debnath; Kunal Debnath (2020). "Chakma Refugees in Arunachal Pradesh: Their Inclusion and Setback". In Das, Sourav Kumar; Chowdhary, Nidhi (eds.).
1430:. On this day, household items, clothes are cleaned and washed, food items are collected to give the house a new look with the veil of different flowers.
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In 1973, the Shanti Bahini (Peace Force) began to stage violent attacks against the government to try to win independence for the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
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The Chakma tend to mainly cook over an open fire. They eat many types of food (including meats) with rice being a staple, but they usually avoid beef.
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1379:. It is also known as Buddha Birthday worldwide. This is the anniversary of three important events in Buddha's life—his birth, his attainment of
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1059:(now Bangladesh) to India. Projects for infrastructure development negatively impacted CHT tribals starting in the 1950s. These included the
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1105:'s offer to stand as the Awami League candidate. Autonomy was refused to the CHT tribals. CHT hills people were enrolled as Mujahids and
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On 1 April 1900, the South and the North Lushai Hills (then a part of the Chittagong Hill Tracts) were merged to form the district of
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Shukbilash. Ruins of the royal palace and other historic buildings still exist. Subsequently, the capital was shifted to Rajanagar,
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923:. Each circle was headed by a chief. Chakma circle was headed by a Chakma, Bohmong circle by a Bohmong and the Burmese circle by a
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Transcending Boundaries: Perspectives on Faith, Social Action & Solidarity: a Festschrift in Honour of Bishop A. George Ninan
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languages, due to long years of influence of Bengal sultanate. Many linguists now consider the modern Chakma language (known as
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1729:, Southeast Asia and East Asia. According to a genetic study on the population of Bangladesh in 2019, Chakma carried 52.59% Y
1285:) as their main occupation. However, many Chakmas today have adopted plow cultivation and some have taken up poultry farming.
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the tracts. Hence, they wished to lay the foundation of administration in a restricted manner with the following objectives:
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continued to collaborate with Pakistani forces and declined to join the freedom movement of Bangladesh. Pakistani president
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used to make frequent raids on British subjects because their hunting ground was converted to tea gardens by the British in
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British troops would remain in the Chakma territory, not to terrify the Chakmas but to protect the land from hostile tribes
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4542:"Genetic structure of Tibeto-Burman populations of Bangladesh: evaluating the gene flow along the sides of Bay-of-Bengal"
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clan. They gradually migrated to Arakan and extended their territory to the nearby hills of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
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1263:(𑄦𑄘𑄨) are colourfully handwoven with various designs. The design is first embroidered on a piece of cloth known as
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After Rani Kalindi's death in 1873, her grandson Harish Chandra became the Chakma Raja and was vested with the title
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1437:. This day starts with the bath in the river. People wear new clothes and make rounds of the village. Women wear
736:. Raja Jan Baksh Khan pledged loyalty to the British in exchange for autonomy in administering Chakma territory.
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and cotton crops in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), the Chakma's independence from the Mughals was recognised.
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van Schendel, Willem (2002). "Bengalis, Bangladeshis, and Others: Chakma Visions of a Pluralist Bangladesh". In
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Chakmas celebrate various Buddhist festivals. The most important is Buddha Purnima or internationally known as
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Prithvi Ram Mudiam (2001). "Security in South Asia: Need for a New Definition". In Sudhir Jacob George (ed.).
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Gyilhei hara is a game that can be played between two teams or two individuals. A special type of seed called
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Despite the CHT being 97.2–98.5% non-Muslim, it was given to Pakistan by the Boundary Commission Chairman Sir
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2329:. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VII. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 230.
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It is celebrated on the full moon day in the month of Vaisakha. It encompasses the birth, enlightenment (
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which means powerful and great. The name was given to the Chakmas by one of the Burmese kings during the
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1988:. Vol. I (13th ed.). Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. 1990. p. 709.
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1097:. Roy believed Bangladesh would not award autonomy to CHT and the Chakmas and earned the enmity of the
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The British government would preserve tribal autonomy and migration from the plains would be restricted
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Sustainable development: environmental security, disarmament, and development interface in South Asia
3009:. Centre for South Asian Studies, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of Punjab. May 1995. p. 1997.
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Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent
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To preserve peace in the frontier areas so cotton could be grown and made available for British mills
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3102:"Refugees and Human Rights: Comparative Studies between Chakmas in India and Biharis in Bangladesh"
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agreed on 25 March, and in exchange British artillery would refrain from shelling the CHT capital,
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hydro-electric project, built-in 1959–1963 by the Pakistan government, with the assistance of the
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king attacked Northern Arakan Roma and occupied the Arakanese-controlled Chacomas of the Northern
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1481:(offerings of rice, vegetable and other fruits and confectioneries). The Buddhist monks known as
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to settle in the tracts. By 1981, a third of the population of the tracts were Bengali migrants.
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2747:"Open letter: Dear Rajnath Singh, the 'limited citizenship' for Chakmas is too little, too late"
1689:) part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group. Changma Bhaz is written in its own script, the
1490:(an auspicious lamp made of paper in the form of a balloon) are also done as and when possible.
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995:. The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Lushai Hills) were again designated an "Excluded Area" under the
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Encroachments on the Chittagong Hill Tracts by the British led to a protracted war between the
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4007:"Supreme Court orders to grant Indian citizenship rights to Chakmas and Hajongs in 3 months"
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Genetic Diversity Among Bangali and Seven Ethnic Groups of Bangladesh Based on Y-chromosome
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1422:. The festival lasts for three days and begins one day before the last day of the month of
401:
1267:. Chakma men wear Siluhm (𑄥𑄨𑄣𑄪𑄟𑄴) & Dudi(𑄘𑄪𑄘𑄨) as their traditional outfit.
954:(Lushai) threat to the Chittagong Hill Tracts and other adjoining areas did not stop. The
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1795:
1171:
643:
350:
314:
4557:
2291:
5672:
5534:
4934:
4717:
4576:
4541:
4102:
3329:
3320:
Myron Weiner (21 August 1993). "Rejected Peoples and Unwanted Migrants in South Asia".
2698:
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1931:
1913:
1895:
1801:
1629:
1470:
1106:
1028:
728:
413:
326:
266:
2684:
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Traditional clothing is a significant part of almost every culture. Chakma women wear
5904:
5500:
5454:
5412:
5352:
5199:
5019:
4911:
4820:
4632:
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4453:
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2452:
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1937:
1889:
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1762:
1754:
1742:
1734:
1674:
1415:
689:
631:
378:
298:
282:
164:
2201:
1243:
The Chakmas are people with their own culture, folklore, literature and traditions.
604:
412:, predominant near the areas in which they live. Most modern Chakma people practice
309:
58:
6677:
6048:
5921:
5522:
5374:
5216:
5068:
4571:
4561:
2680:
1907:
1758:
1730:
1678:
1032:
635:
582:
560:
5968:
4540:
N. N. Gazi; R. Tamang; V. K. Singh; A. Ferdous; A. K. Pathak; et al. (2013).
3523:
Subjects, citizens, and refugees: tragedy in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, 1947-1998
3350:
Subjects, citizens, and refugees: tragedy in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, 1947-1998
2379:
Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World
1635:
According to a 2011 census report, there are 93,411 people who follow Buddhism in
509:. Burmese kings hired Chakmas as ministers, advisers, and translators of Buddhist
6667:
6305:
6220:
6170:
6100:
5732:
5667:
5594:
5518:
5119:
4725:
4566:
4367:
4311:
4183:
3685:
3454:
3348:
3275:
3236:
3004:
2968:
2917:
2810:
2608:
1831:
1726:
1648:
1228:
1024:
740:
677:
662:
428:
405:
374:
278:
249:
5251:
2077:
803:
to the Sangoo and from Nizampur Road in Chittagong to the hills of Kooki Raja".
6646:
6471:
6340:
6320:
6290:
6250:
6215:
6130:
6006:
5976:
5848:
5742:
5717:
5692:
5662:
5652:
5647:
5574:
5430:
5255:
5024:
4901:
4859:
2320:
1943:
1919:
1746:
1276:
973:
916:
893:
781:
639:
588:
537:
420:
397:
286:
6150:
5617:
4678:
4341:
4282:"Buddha Purnima 2021: Festival marks birth anniversary of founder of Buddhism"
2123:
Sharon O'Brien (2004). "The Chittagong Hill Tracts". In Shelton, Dinah (ed.).
6661:
6631:
6606:
6576:
6546:
6496:
6481:
6456:
6441:
6431:
6421:
6280:
6245:
6195:
6185:
6119:
6062:
6023:
5986:
5972:
5886:
5876:
5843:
5813:
5737:
5682:
5632:
5627:
5589:
5579:
5549:
5514:
5505:
5468:
5450:
5435:
5334:
5324:
5181:
5171:
5063:
5002:
4987:
4977:
4919:
4864:
4854:
4658:
4514:
2189:. Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Govt. of Tripura. pp. 38–39.
1960:
1813:
1789:
1690:
1654:
1579:
1224:
1125:
1056:
912:
876:
After the war with the British, the Chakmas became very weak militarily. The
650:
553:
491:
479:
417:
393:
354:
342:
6366:
4393:
3464:
2978:
2426:
676:
of the Chakma, in 1715. While the Mughals controlled significant amounts of
6591:
6556:
6551:
6536:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6491:
6461:
6315:
6295:
6270:
6260:
6255:
6240:
6210:
6190:
6180:
6114:
6028:
5980:
5931:
5896:
5828:
5803:
5727:
5722:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5677:
5642:
5622:
5612:
5569:
5559:
5544:
5538:
5482:
5472:
5464:
5460:
5425:
5384:
5344:
5291:
5226:
5191:
5108:
4997:
4982:
4929:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4777:
4762:
4730:
4624:
4585:
3169:
The Colonel Who Would Not Repent: The Bangladesh War and Its Unquiet Legacy
1925:
1876:
1825:
1564:
1556:
1180:
1132:
1008:
981:
959:
924:
897:
654:
346:
290:
6300:
2243:
2226:. Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Govt. of Tripura. p. 38.
1477:) of Buddha. On the day of the worship, devotees go to the monastery with
6641:
6636:
6621:
6611:
6601:
6581:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6541:
6501:
6486:
6446:
6426:
6416:
6411:
6345:
6335:
6325:
6310:
6285:
6230:
6205:
6155:
6140:
5996:
5946:
5936:
5926:
5916:
5910:
5900:
5891:
5881:
5818:
5808:
5793:
5788:
5770:
5747:
5687:
5637:
5564:
5554:
5510:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5402:
5389:
5379:
5369:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5339:
5329:
5296:
5286:
5276:
5241:
5231:
5221:
5211:
5205:
5195:
5186:
5176:
5075:
5056:
5051:
5039:
5034:
4972:
4959:
4896:
4767:
3563:"Chittagong's former Chakma raja who left Bangladesh to live in Pakistan"
2838:
Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World
2139:"Hidden Bangladesh: Violence and Brutality in the Chittagong Hill Tracts"
1779:
1474:
1419:
1220:
1166:
1159:
955:
951:
940:
920:
807:
760:
Jan Baksh Khan was bound by the treaty to maintain peace in his territory
701:
623:
447:
443:
190:
4539:
1414:
is the most important socio-religious festival of the Chakma. Bizu is a
936:
To supervise the rule of the Chakma chief and curtail some of his powers
754:
It was agreed that revenue collection was the responsibility of the Raja
470:
446:, whose status as a tribal head has been historically recognised by the
6586:
6531:
6330:
6235:
6225:
6175:
6165:
5941:
5823:
5752:
5530:
5490:
5440:
5420:
5394:
5236:
5044:
4755:
4519:
4070:
3690:. Motamar al-Alam al-Islami; World Muslim Congress. 1994. p. 142.
3333:
1956:
1870:
1639:, India. 7.3% are Christians, or followers of other religious beliefs.
1571:
are their traditional ingredients for cooking, these are called sidol.
1568:
1528: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1347: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1252:
1142:
1089:
1085:
1060:
966:
and Burma, and the whole of the CHT was brought under British control.
848: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
800:
616:
612:
362:
107:
84:
3794:
SAGE Series in Human Rights Audits of Peace Processes: Five-Volume Set
1116:
The Bangladesh government provided financial support for thousands of
634:). From Alekyangdong, they continued north and settled in present-day
6506:
6275:
6265:
5584:
5306:
5029:
4772:
4750:
4608:(Ph.D. thesis). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Dhaka University. pp. 100–05.
2613:. Society for Environment & Human Development. 1998. p. 12.
1383:, and his death. It is observed on the full moon day of the month of
1306:
1154:
1094:
950:
After the creation of a separate district and the three circles, the
796:
693:
506:
203:
4425:"Theravada Buddhism in North-East India: a study of the Tai-Khamtis"
1922:, Indian politician, (member, National commission of Schedule Tribe)
1503:
1322:
823:
5268:
4782:
4745:
4486:"ST-14 Scheduled Tribe population by religious community - Mizoram"
2677:
Refugee Crises and Third-World Economies: Policies and Perspectives
1706:
1698:
1670:
1400:
1384:
1131:
During the war, most of the Pahadis remained passive, although the
1117:
1040:
does not refer to any group (inclusive of Bengalis) as indigenous.
885:
777:
776:
Jan Baksh Khan shifted his capital to a new place near present-day
767:
In 1829, Halhed, then Commissioner of Chittagong, reaffirmed that:
733:
721:
709:
619:, suggesting that the Chakmas inhabited this area during the time.
498:
400:
in the past to consolidate power among the tribes, they adopted an
262:
216:
3755:
Regionalism and Regional Security in South Asia: The Role of SAARC
2811:"Insurgency in the Bangladesh Hills: Chakmas' Search for Autonomy"
2679:(1st ed.). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. p. 142.
431:
and are one of the 135 officially recognised ethnic groups there.
6596:
6160:
5798:
5762:
5604:
5158:
4924:
4787:
1636:
1598:
1423:
1396:
1184:
985:
928:
889:
717:
705:
574:
552:
Bijak of the Chakmas says that the Chakmas were part of Buddha's
483:
478:
on the Eastern bank of the river Karnaphuli and Arracan (present
424:
382:
370:
303:
234:
151:
138:
92:
1418:
and public holiday in Tripura. This festival gave birth to the
911:
In 1881, the government divided the Chittagong Hill Tracts into
6616:
6526:
6476:
6436:
5964:
5956:
5833:
5775:
5007:
4992:
4849:
3526:. Indian Centre for the Study of Forced Migration. p. 37.
3353:. Indian Centre for the Study of Forced Migration. p. 42.
1575:
1559:
are a traditional dish for the Chakma people, and they call it
1302:
977:
881:
877:
592:
541:
533:
529:
2715:
1158:
alleged immigration from Bangladesh to Arakan by Buddhists of
49:
6626:
6400:
5863:
5853:
5838:
5445:
4801:
4740:
4040:
1710:
1662:
1411:
1376:
1183:
policy. The Chittagong Hill Tracts was colonised by Northern
1049:
963:
697:
386:
177:
125:
88:
4449:
Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia
4185:
Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia
3417:
The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia
3385:
2639:
The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia
1873:, Bangladeshi aristocrat, litterateur, diplomat and minister
799:
1170M.S (1763 CE) by the company as "All the hills from the
214:
201:
188:
175:
162:
149:
136:
3836:
Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II
2674:
1702:
1666:
1426:, falling in the month of April. The first day is known as
1281:
739:
The main provisions of the treaty between Governor-General
673:
510:
435:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2238:
2236:
1959:, Pakistani politician, diplomat, writer and 50th raja of
416:, due to 19th-century reforms and institutionalisation by
1653:
The Chakmas originally spoke a language belonging to the
785:
373:, India. Significant Chakma populations are found in the
3143:
Genesis of Chakma Movement in the Chittagong Hill Tracts
2091:
1574:
The staple food of the Chakmas is rice, supplemented by
544:
suggesting Chakmas may descend from the Shakya lineage.
3870:
3719:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 206–.
3140:
2797:
2233:
1219:
in India, the legitimacy of which is questioned by the
1215:. The only seat of political power and identity is the
3716:
They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh
3557:
3555:
3238:
State, Nation and Ethnicity in Contemporary South Asia
2416:
2094:"The mystery behind creation of Chakma speech variety"
1946:, Indian politician, minister in government of Tripura
2937:
2017:. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33.
1293:
Traditional temporary homes of the Chakma are called
317:
in Bangladesh, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts (
3873:
Genesis of Chakma Movement in Chittagong Hill Tracts
3624:
2718:
Globalization: Spaces, Identities and (In)securities
2401:
2350:
2199:
2125:
Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity
4422:
3620:
3618:
3552:
3491:"Remove name of Chakma king Tridib from structures"
3413:
2942:. New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House. p. 42.
2635:
2272:
2172:. Australian National University Press. p. 14.
724:of the company and its demand for increased taxes.
704:, rewarded the East India Company with Chittagong,
540:languages. The Chakma script shows similarities to
302:Map showing the percentage of Chakma population by
5149:
4001:
3999:
3751:
3519:
3346:
3070:
2775:
2720:. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers. p. 239.
2451:. Gian Publishing House. pp. 35–36, 50, 190.
2421:. Chittagong: Suniti Bhushan Qanungo. p. 52.
2122:
2052:Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
1065:United States Agency for International Development
329:) on the easternmost border to India and Myanmar.
2873:
2831:
2419:Chakma Resistance to British Domination 1772–1798
2219:
2182:
1628:The vast majority of the Chakma are followers of
462:, violence in the area has been greatly reduced.
6659:
4663:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
3938:Culture, Democracy And Development in South Asia
3659:Religious Fundamentalism and Secularism in India
3615:
3390:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). UXL. p. 158.
2841:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 171–172.
2571:. In Ali Riaz; Mohammad Sajjadur Rahman (eds.).
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2404:The District Gazetteer of Chittagong Hill Tracts
2127:. Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 176–177.
1213:Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council
4708:
4067:Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District Council
3996:
3388:Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures
2744:
2566:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2044:"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: India"
1616:are ready to be collected for use in the game.
392:The Chakma possess strong ethnic affinities to
4096:
3790:
3315:
3313:
3165:
3108:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing. p. 240.
3038:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 366–.
2562:
2560:
2446:
2381:. Vol. II. Greenwood Press. p. 847.
2319:
2087:
2085:
2012:"Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex"
6396:
6382:
5135:
4694:
4445:
4222:"Chakmas celebrate Bizhu festival in Tripura"
4181:
4092:
4090:
4088:
3386:Timothy L. Gall; Susan B. Gall, eds. (2012).
3234:
3099:
3073:Intra and inter-state conflicts in South Asia
2915:
2573:Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh
2520:
2518:
2471:
2433:
2372:
2167:
2078:https://portal.moea.gov.mm/ethnicity/C-0004/7
943:(the name given to the Lushai by the British)
4652:
4631:. Dhaka: University Press. pp. 65–106.
4622:
3973:
3895:
3829:
3452:
3319:
3273:
2966:
2524:
2359:
1071:as a resettlement area for Chakma refugees.
712:. On 5 January 1761, company representative
577:was fighting a battle with the Burmese, the
3934:
3655:
3310:
3172:. Yale University Press. pp. 280–281.
2557:
2307:Parbattya Chattagramer Upajati O Sangskriti
2092:ABM Razaul Karim Faquire (4 January 2019).
2082:
1203:The Chakmas now have representation in the
521:which are shortened and corrupted forms of
357:. They are the largest ethnic group of the
6389:
6375:
5142:
5128:
4701:
4687:
4085:
3145:. Progressive Publishers. pp. 37–38.
3106:Developmental Issues in Contemporary India
2515:
2353:Ethnic Cleansing in Chittagong Hill Tracts
2289:
1978:
1976:
474:Portuguese map of Chittagong Hill Tracts.
57:
48:
4575:
4565:
3712:
3625:Nirupama Subramanian (16 December 2009).
3035:Asian Yearbook of International Law: 1992
2716:Jyrki Käkönen; Sanjay Chaturvedi (2005).
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2304:
1544:Learn how and when to remove this message
1363:Learn how and when to remove this message
864:Learn how and when to remove this message
683:
665:, Rangunia Upazila, Chittagong District.
27:Ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent
5250:
4429:International Journal of Social Research
4127:"Buddha Purnima celebrated in Rangamati"
3031:
2778:Religion in Socio-Economic Life of India
1198:
813:
469:
396:groups in Northeast India. Because of a
308:
297:
3875:. Progressive Publishers. p. 114.
3834:. In Karl DeRouen, Jr.; Uk Heo (eds.).
2973:. South Asian Publishers. p. 265.
1973:
1122:Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti
573:. In 1546 CE, while the Arakanese king
14:
6660:
5967:(including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa,
4598:
4466:from the original on 21 September 2023
4232:from the original on 27 September 2021
4202:from the original on 21 September 2023
3984:from the original on 21 September 2023
3955:from the original on 21 September 2023
3916:from the original on 21 September 2023
3811:from the original on 21 September 2023
3772:from the original on 21 September 2023
3733:from the original on 21 September 2023
3694:from the original on 21 September 2023
3666:from the original on 21 September 2023
3573:from the original on 21 September 2017
3540:from the original on 21 September 2023
3501:from the original on 21 September 2017
3471:from the original on 21 September 2023
3459:. South Asian Publishers. p. 85.
3434:from the original on 21 September 2023
3367:from the original on 21 September 2023
3294:from the original on 21 September 2023
3255:from the original on 21 September 2023
3186:from the original on 21 September 2023
3122:from the original on 21 September 2023
3075:. South Asian Publishers. p. 54.
3052:from the original on 21 September 2023
3013:from the original on 21 September 2023
2985:from the original on 21 September 2023
2897:from the original on 21 September 2023
2855:from the original on 21 September 2023
2808:
2656:from the original on 21 September 2023
2617:from the original on 21 September 2023
2589:from the original on 21 September 2023
2545:from the original on 21 September 2023
2333:
1992:from the original on 21 September 2023
1597:Gudu hara, or Ha-do-do, also known as
1223:. There are another 80,000 Chakmas in
892:, and other neighbouring tracts under
6370:
5123:
4682:
3838:. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO. p. 35.
3637:from the original on 29 February 2020
3603:from the original on 23 December 2016
2809:Behera, Ajay Darshan (October 1996).
2780:. Chatterjee Publisher. p. 107.
2757:from the original on 11 December 2019
2745:Mahendra Chakma (21 September 2017).
2206:. University Of Calcutta. p. 1.
2104:from the original on 18 February 2022
1246:
1014:
939:To protect British subjects from the
743:and the Chakma king were as follows:
607:in 1615. The map shows an area named
349:from the eastern-most regions of the
313:Colour-coded map of the districts of
4404:from the original on 16 October 2022
4368:"Bangalore Chakma Society - Culture"
4262:from the original on 22 January 2021
3980:. Vikas Adhyan Kendra. p. 303.
3662:. Suryasensa Prakasani. p. 43.
3277:International Migration and Security
3206:"The Raja who gave away his kingdom"
2880:India's Foreign Relations, 1947-2007
2149:from the original on 18 October 2018
1985:Library of Congress Subject Headings
1526:adding citations to reliable sources
1497:
1345:adding citations to reliable sources
1316:
1288:
1275:In the past, most Chakmas practised
1055:Many Buddhist Chakmas migrated from
1044:and finally ended the conflict with
846:adding citations to reliable sources
817:
79:Regions with significant populations
63:Chakma lady in traditional attire .
4629:Bangladesh: Promise and Performance
4342:"Part 3 The Triple Gem (Ti-ratana)"
4013:. 17 September 2015. Archived from
3941:. Shipra Publications. p. 63.
3852:from the original on 31 August 2023
2254:from the original on 3 October 2016
2223:The Chakmas Of Tripura, 2nd Edition
2186:The Chakmas Of Tripura, 2nd Edition
1879:, Bangladeshi politician and lawyer
1721:The Chakma are strongly related to
1592:
460:Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord
24:
6688:Buddhist communities of Bangladesh
4616:
4157:"Biju Festival in Tripura in 2022"
4099:Human: The Definitive Visual Guide
3797:. SAGE Publications. pp. 4–.
3456:Ethnicity and polity in South Asia
3216:from the original on 11 March 2020
2970:Ethnicity and polity in South Asia
2024:from the original on 15 March 2023
1217:Chakma Autonomous District Council
1149:
747:The East India Company recognised
536:clan, and "Ma" signifies "man" in
486:) can be seen on the extreme right
408:, which is closely related to the
367:Chakma Autonomous District Council
25:
6779:
6748:People from Khagrachhari District
6358:List of Scheduled Tribes in India
4646:
4374:from the original on 14 June 2021
4292:from the original on 14 June 2021
4163:from the original on 14 June 2021
4137:from the original on 14 June 2021
2685:10.1108/978-1-83982-190-520201015
2292:"Descripção do Reino de Bengalla"
1768:
1493:
1464:
668:The Mughals signed a treaty with
442:. The community is headed by the
6713:Ethnic groups in Northeast India
4525:
4496:from the original on 13 May 2021
4348:from the original on 18 May 2021
3871:Chandrika Basu Majumdar (2003).
3241:. A&C Black. pp. 232–.
3141:Chandrika Basu Majumdar (2003).
2642:. Anthem Press. pp. 48–49.
2058:from the original on 4 June 2022
1843:, Bangladeshi professional boxer
1578:, corn (maize), vegetables, and
1502:
1456:The last day, which is known as
1321:
1309:, and supported on wooden logs.
1109:by the Pakistan army during the
822:
434:The Chakmas are divided into 31
261:
227:
118:
100:
6743:People from Chittagong Division
6703:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
6698:Buddhist communities of Myanmar
4592:
4533:
4508:
4478:
4439:
4416:
4386:
4360:
4334:
4322:from the original on 3 May 2021
4304:
4274:
4244:
4214:
4175:
4149:
4119:
4055:
4029:
3967:
3928:
3902:. Macmillan India. p. 68.
3889:
3864:
3823:
3784:
3745:
3706:
3678:
3649:
3585:
3513:
3483:
3446:
3420:. Anthem Press. pp. 269–.
3407:
3379:
3340:
3280:. Westview Press. p. 159.
3267:
3228:
3198:
3159:
3134:
3093:
3064:
3025:
2997:
2960:
2931:
2909:
2867:
2825:
2769:
2738:
2709:
2668:
2629:
2601:
2569:"The CHT and the Peace Process"
2480:
2465:
2417:Suniti Bhushan Qanungo (1998).
2410:
2395:
2313:
2298:
2283:
2279:. Trübner & Co. p. 79.
2266:
2213:
2193:
1784:University of Western Australia
1513:needs additional citations for
1332:needs additional citations for
833:needs additional citations for
716:took charge of Chittagong from
597:Descripção do Reino de Bengalla
532:" which is associated with the
6753:People from Rangamati District
6738:People from Bandarban District
6728:History of Chittagong Division
5151:Hill tribes of Northeast India
4674:Interview with the Chakma King
3006:Selections from National Press
2938:Dipannita Chakraborty (2004).
2922:Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan
2916:Anwar Hussain (14 June 1964).
2449:The Chakmas, Life and Struggle
2176:
2161:
2131:
2116:
2071:
2036:
2004:
1940:, Indian singer and politician
1849:, American-Bangladeshi scholar
1792:, former Bangladeshi cricketer
1773:
13:
1:
6763:Scheduled Tribes of Meghalaya
6733:People from Arunachal Pradesh
6693:Buddhist communities of India
4667:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
4653:van Schendel, Willem (2012).
3322:Economic and Political Weekly
2200:Sumana Bhattacharyya (2004).
1966:
1847:Chandra Kalindi Roy Henriksen
1836:Bangladesh interim government
1657:family, which belongs to the
993:Chittagong Hill Tracts manual
427:, Chakma people are known as
4567:10.1371/journal.pone.0075064
4423:Chow Chandra Manche (2019).
4097:Robert Winston, ed. (2004).
3414:Willem van Schendel (2005).
2924:. Vol. 16. p. 18.
2636:Willem van Schendel (2005).
2273:Sir Arthur P.Phayre (1883).
2203:A linguistic study of Chakma
1950:
1853:Jyotirindra Bodhipriya Larma
1227:, Myanmar, who are known as
1209:Tripura Legislative Assembly
1205:Mizoram Legislative Assembly
997:Government of India Act 1935
465:
7:
6768:Scheduled Tribes of Mizoram
6718:Ethnic groups in South Asia
6708:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
4736:Stranded Pakistanis/Biharis
4710:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
4256:Central Govt Employees News
3752:Zahid Shahab Ahmed (2012).
3520:Saradindu Mukherji (2000).
3347:Saradindu Mukherji (2000).
2918:"The Origin of the Chakmas"
2776:Satchidananda Dhar (1989).
1867:, Bangladeshi Buddhist monk
1716:
1642:
1623:
1433:The second day is known as
1312:
611:on the eastern bank of the
603:(Fourth decade of Asia) by
563:referred to the Chakmas as
448:government of British India
10:
6784:
5248:
4661:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
4599:Mahmud H (November 2019).
2883:. Routledge. p. 363.
2575:. Routledge. p. 306.
2531:. Routledge. p. 245.
2402:Government of Bangladesh.
2351:Saradindu Shekhar Chakma.
2220:Pannalal Majumdar (2013).
2183:Pannalal Majumdar (2013).
1646:
1608:is used to play the game.
1238:
751:as the Raja of the Chakmas
547:
74:≈ 800,000 (2011–2022)
6407:
6354:
6139:
5995:
5955:
5862:
5761:
5603:
5411:
5305:
5267:
5157:
5086:
4950:
4910:
4837:
4716:
4452:. ABC-CLIO. p. 112.
4188:. ABC-CLIO. p. 113.
3758:. Routledge. p. 16.
1883:
1782:, vice-chancellor of the
1192:the Citizenship Act, 1955
1111:Bangladesh Liberation War
595:, which was published as
365:, and the largest in the
277:
272:
260:
255:
248:
243:
225:
212:
199:
186:
173:
160:
147:
134:
116:
98:
83:
78:
73:
68:
56:
47:
41:
40:
6723:Ethnic groups in Tripura
2940:Land question in Tripura
2567:Bhumitra Chakma (2016).
2143:Amnesty International UK
1861:, Bangladeshi politician
1859:Manabendra Narayan Larma
1855:, Bangladeshi politician
1828:, Bangladeshi footballer
1822:, Bangladeshi footballer
1816:, Bangladeshi footballer
1804:, Bangladeshi politician
1798:, Bangladeshi politician
1079:Manabendra Narayan Larma
1038:Bangladeshi Constitution
1005:Indian national movement
646:of Chittagong District.
628:Filipe de Brito e Nicote
452:government of Bangladesh
6059:Khawathlang, Khothalong
4398:Encyclopædia Britannica
4316:Encyclopædia Britannica
4063:"Profile of CEM and EM"
3791:Rita Manchanda (2015).
3166:Salil Tripathi (2016).
3104:. In M. R. Biju (ed.).
2447:S. P. Talukder (1988).
2248:Encyclopædia Britannica
1406:
1270:
1259:(𑄛𑄨𑄚𑄮𑄚𑄴) and the
1162:and Chakma background.
361:region of southeastern
345::𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦), are an
5261:
4446:James Minahan (2012).
4394:"Kabaddi | sport"
4182:James Minahan (2012).
4037:"Tripura State Portal"
3627:"A Chakma in Pakistan"
3593:"Raja Tridiv Roy dies"
3235:Ishtiaq Ahmed (1998).
3100:Chunnu Prasad (2010).
2474:Chakma Jatir Itibritto
2373:James Minahan (2002).
2244:"Chakma | people"
2168:Pamela Gutman (1976).
2048:www.censusindia.gov.in
1786:, Canadian-Bangladeshi
1709:and southern parts of
1458:Gawz che Pawz che dyin
1138:Parliament of Pakistan
774:
688:Three years after the
684:The East India Company
487:
359:Chittagong Hill Tracts
330:
306:
6683:Bangladeshi Buddhists
5901:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
5349:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
5254:
4797:Bishnupriya Manipuris
3974:George Ninan (1995).
3896:D. D. Khanna (1997).
3830:Paul Bellamy (2007).
3599:. 17 September 2012.
3569:. 19 September 2017.
3453:Girin Phukon (2002).
3274:Myron Weiner (1993).
3212:. 18 September 2012.
2967:Girin Phukon (2002).
2525:Burjor Avari (2012).
2098:The Financial Express
1865:Prajnananda Mahathera
1473:), and passing away (
1199:Indian representation
1103:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1052:, Arunachal Pradesh.
1046:the 1997 peace treaty
1007:was launched. During
976:with headquarters at
814:British colonial rule
769:
617:Chittagong Bangladesh
601:Quarta decada da Asia
473:
410:Chittagonian language
312:
301:
273:Related ethnic groups
6049:Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol
5927:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
5688:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
5380:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
5222:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
4829:Urdu-speaking people
4017:on 26 September 2015
3935:N. N. Vohra (2001).
3656:Amalendu De (1996).
1916:, Indian politician,
1810:, Bangladeshi artist
1522:improve this article
1341:improve this article
1301:is constructed with
908:important for them.
842:improve this article
653:Governor of Bengal,
6398:Scheduled tribes of
4665:(Second ed.).
4558:2013PLoSO...875064G
3210:The Express Tribune
2472:Biraj Mohan Dewan.
1934:, Indian politician
1928:, Indian politician
1910:, Indian politician
1904:, Indian politician
1902:Kristo Mohan Chakma
1898:, Indian politician
1892:, Indian politician
1841:Suro Krishna Chakma
1808:Kanak Chanpa Chakma
1796:Charu Bikash Chakma
1479:Shíyong or Qi Yawng
1172:Bengali nationalism
644:Fatikchari Upazilas
351:Indian subcontinent
327:Bandarban districts
315:Chittagong Division
37:
5922:Man (Tai speaking)
5375:Man (Tai speaking)
5262:
5217:Man (Tai speaking)
4103:Dorling Kindersley
4043:on 7 December 2018
3713:Ellen Bal (2007).
3567:The Indian Express
2815:Strategic Analysis
2145:. 21 August 2015.
1932:Rasik Mohan Chakma
1914:Nihar Kanti Chakma
1896:Buddha Dhan Chakma
1802:Kalparanjan Chakma
1695:Awzhapath/Awjhapat
1630:Theravada Buddhism
1387:(usually in May).
1247:Traditional attire
1015:After independence
729:East India Company
488:
414:Theravada Buddhism
331:
307:
267:Theravada Buddhism
35:
6758:Refugees in India
6655:
6654:
6364:
6363:
5897:Khasi and Jaintia
5413:Arunachal Pradesh
5345:Khasi and Jaintia
5192:Khasi and Jaintia
5117:
5116:
4638:978-984-05-1542-4
4523:(25th ed., 2022)
4459:978-1-59884-659-1
4400:. 28 April 2023.
4228:. 14 April 2008.
4195:978-1-59884-659-1
3948:978-81-7541-070-1
3882:978-81-8064-052-0
3845:978-1-85109-919-1
3832:"Asian Conflicts"
3804:978-93-5150-213-5
3765:978-1-4094-6769-4
3726:978-981-230-446-9
3533:978-81-85990-61-3
3427:978-1-84331-145-4
3397:978-1-4144-8671-0
3360:978-81-85990-61-3
3328:(34): 1737–1746.
3287:978-0-8133-8774-1
3248:978-1-85567-578-0
3179:978-0-300-22102-2
3152:978-81-8064-052-0
3115:978-81-8069-714-2
3082:978-81-7003-249-6
3045:978-0-7923-2239-9
3032:Swan Sik (1994).
2949:978-81-87606-57-4
2890:978-0-415-59742-5
2875:Jayanta Kumar Ray
2848:978-0-521-70681-0
2833:Christian Gerlach
2787:978-81-85089-00-3
2727:978-81-7003-284-7
2694:978-1-83982-191-2
2649:978-1-84331-145-4
2582:978-1-317-30877-5
2538:978-1-136-21226-0
2503:Missing or empty
2458:978-81-212-0212-1
2388:978-0-313-07696-1
2355:. pp. 23–35.
2326:The Mughul Empire
2309:. pp. 19–20.
1938:Sambhu Lal Chakma
1890:Amit Kumar Chakma
1834:, Adviser to the
1820:Ritu Porna Chakma
1554:
1553:
1546:
1416:Buddhist festival
1373:
1372:
1365:
1289:Traditional house
874:
873:
866:
690:Battle of Plassey
591:created a map of
497:derives from the
379:Arunachal Pradesh
296:
295:
165:Arunachal Pradesh
16:(Redirected from
6775:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6368:
6367:
5877:Dimasa (Kachari)
5648:Koirao (Thangal)
5506:Singpho (Jingpo)
5325:Dimasa (Kachari)
5172:Dimasa (Kachari)
5144:
5137:
5130:
5121:
5120:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4670:
4642:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4094:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4069:. Archived from
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4039:. Archived from
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4003:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3687:The Muslim World
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2806:
2795:
2794:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2491:
2488:The Weekly Kagoj
2484:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2331:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2290:Diego de Astor.
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:History of Burma
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2089:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1980:
1908:Mohan Lal Chakma
1693:, also known as
1593:Sports and games
1549:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1506:
1498:
1368:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1325:
1317:
1033:Lord Mountbatten
988:state of India.
869:
862:
858:
855:
849:
826:
818:
790:After the great
622:The Arakan king
613:Karnaphuli River
583:Arakan Mountains
561:Arakanese people
375:northeast Indian
265:
233:
231:
230:
215:
202:
189:
176:
163:
150:
137:
124:
122:
121:
106:
104:
103:
69:Total population
61:
52:
38:
34:
21:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6403:
6395:
6365:
6360:
6350:
6143:
6135:
5999:
5991:
5951:
5903:, War, Bhoi or
5858:
5757:
5599:
5407:
5351:, War, Bhoi or
5301:
5263:
5257:
5246:
5198:, War, Bhoi or
5196:Synteng or Pnar
5153:
5148:
5118:
5113:
5082:
4946:
4906:
4833:
4712:
4707:
4649:
4639:
4619:
4617:Further reading
4614:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4460:
4444:
4440:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4318:. 6 June 2023.
4312:"Pāli language"
4310:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4288:. 26 May 2021.
4280:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4196:
4180:
4176:
4166:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4105:. p. 441.
4095:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4073:on 7 March 2011
4061:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4005:
4004:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3949:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3910:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3846:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3805:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3766:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3695:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3534:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3497:. 22 May 2017.
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3428:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3318:
3311:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3180:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3116:
3098:
3094:
3083:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3046:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2965:
2961:
2950:
2936:
2932:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2849:
2830:
2826:
2807:
2798:
2788:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2743:
2739:
2728:
2714:
2710:
2695:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2650:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2583:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2523:
2516:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2445:
2434:
2415:
2411:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2371:
2360:
2349:
2334:
2318:
2314:
2305:Sugata Chakma.
2303:
2299:
2288:
2284:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2218:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2181:
2177:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2061:
2059:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1953:
1886:
1832:Supradip Chakma
1776:
1771:
1727:Northeast India
1719:
1651:
1649:Chakma language
1645:
1626:
1595:
1550:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1519:
1507:
1496:
1467:
1445:while men wear
1409:
1369:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1338:
1326:
1315:
1291:
1273:
1249:
1241:
1229:Daingnet people
1201:
1152:
1150:Refuge in India
1025:Cyril Radcliffe
1017:
870:
859:
853:
850:
839:
827:
816:
741:Lord Cornwallis
686:
615:in what is now
550:
468:
355:Western Myanmar
339:Changhma people
228:
226:
213:
200:
187:
174:
161:
148:
135:
119:
117:
101:
99:
64:
43:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6781:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6371:
6362:
6361:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6036:Haokip, Haupit
6034:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6003:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5961:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5947:Synteng (Pnar)
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5868:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5580:Mishing (Miri)
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5527:
5526:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5476:
5458:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5436:Dafla (Nyishi)
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5403:Synteng (Pnar)
5400:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5356:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5273:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5242:Synteng (Pnar)
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5203:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5147:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5124:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5037:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4940:Sauria Paharia
4937:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4860:Jalia Kaibarta
4857:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4839:Austro-Asiatic
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4659:Islam, Sirajul
4655:"Chakmas, The"
4648:
4647:External links
4645:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4591:
4552:(10): e75064.
4532:
4507:
4477:
4458:
4438:
4415:
4385:
4359:
4333:
4303:
4273:
4243:
4213:
4194:
4174:
4148:
4118:
4111:
4084:
4054:
4028:
3995:
3966:
3947:
3927:
3908:
3888:
3881:
3863:
3844:
3822:
3803:
3783:
3764:
3744:
3725:
3705:
3677:
3648:
3614:
3584:
3551:
3532:
3512:
3495:The Daily Star
3482:
3445:
3426:
3406:
3396:
3378:
3359:
3339:
3309:
3286:
3266:
3247:
3227:
3197:
3178:
3158:
3151:
3133:
3114:
3092:
3081:
3063:
3044:
3024:
2996:
2959:
2948:
2930:
2908:
2889:
2866:
2847:
2824:
2796:
2786:
2768:
2737:
2726:
2708:
2693:
2667:
2648:
2628:
2600:
2581:
2556:
2537:
2514:
2479:
2476:. p. 195.
2464:
2457:
2432:
2409:
2394:
2387:
2358:
2332:
2323:, ed. (1974).
2321:R. C. Majumdar
2312:
2297:
2282:
2265:
2232:
2212:
2192:
2175:
2170:Ancient Arakan
2160:
2130:
2115:
2081:
2070:
2035:
2003:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:Santana Chakma
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1920:Nirupam Chakma
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Notable people
1767:
1747:Haplogroup R1a
1718:
1715:
1687:Changma Hawdha
1647:Main article:
1644:
1641:
1625:
1622:
1594:
1591:
1552:
1551:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1494:Chakma cuisine
1492:
1466:
1465:Buddha Purnima
1463:
1408:
1405:
1371:
1370:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1290:
1287:
1277:slash-and-burn
1272:
1269:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1200:
1197:
1151:
1148:
1020:of self-rule.
1016:
1013:
974:Assam Province
948:
947:
944:
937:
917:Bohmong Circle
872:
871:
830:
828:
821:
815:
812:
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:Jan Baksh Khan
685:
682:
605:João de Barros
589:Diego de Astor
549:
546:
538:Tibeto-Burmese
467:
464:
398:language shift
294:
293:
275:
274:
270:
269:
258:
257:
253:
252:
246:
245:
241:
240:
237:
223:
222:
219:
210:
209:
206:
197:
196:
193:
184:
183:
180:
171:
170:
167:
158:
157:
154:
145:
144:
141:
132:
131:
130:228,281 (2011)
128:
114:
113:
110:
96:
95:
81:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
45:
44:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6780:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6673:Chakma people
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6392:
6387:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6359:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5932:Mikir (Karbi)
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5917:Lakher (Mara)
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:Lushai (Mizo)
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Suhte (Paite)
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:Mikir (Karbi)
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:Khowa (Bugun)
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Mikir (Karbi)
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:Lakher (Mara)
5368:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5292:Mikir (Karbi)
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5253:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Mikir (Karbi)
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4952:Tibeto-Burman
4949:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4625:Jahan, Rounaq
4621:
4620:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4515:Chakma people
4511:
4495:
4491:
4490:census.gov.in
4487:
4481:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4178:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4114:
4112:0-7566-0520-2
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4016:
4012:
4011:1, Law Street
4008:
4002:
4000:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3915:
3911:
3909:9780333930465
3905:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3787:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3748:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3652:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3619:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3516:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3449:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3410:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2821:(7): 988–989.
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2519:
2510:
2497:
2490:. 9 May 1995.
2489:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2406:. p. 35.
2405:
2398:
2390:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2164:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2119:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2020:
2013:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1961:Chakma Circle
1958:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:Monika Chakma
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:Champa Chakma
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:Tibeto-Burman
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Chakma script
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:Tibeto-Burman
1650:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:Bhaz-chuu-ryì
1558:
1557:Bamboo shoots
1548:
1545:
1537:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1511:This section
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1488:Phanuch Batti
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:enlightenment
1378:
1367:
1364:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1330:This section
1328:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:cultivation (
1278:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1225:Rakhine state
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:In 1974, the
1163:
1161:
1156:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1126:Shanti Bahini
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:by rejecting
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:East Pakistan
1053:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1027:in 1947 upon
1026:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
987:
984:were now the
983:
979:
975:
970:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:Chakma Circle
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
868:
865:
857:
847:
843:
837:
836:
831:This section
829:
825:
820:
819:
811:
809:
804:
802:
798:
793:
788:
787:
783:
779:
773:
768:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
714:Harry Verelst
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
681:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
658:
656:
652:
649:In 1666, the
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:
566:
562:
557:
555:
545:
543:
542:Brahmi script
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
492:Pamela Gutman
490:According to
485:
481:
480:Rakhine State
477:
472:
463:
461:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
419:
418:Queen regnant
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Tibeto-Burman
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:Chakma people
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
305:
300:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
268:
264:
259:
254:
251:
247:
242:
238:
236:
224:
220:
218:
211:
207:
205:
198:
194:
192:
185:
181:
179:
172:
168:
166:
159:
155:
153:
146:
142:
140:
133:
129:
127:
115:
112:529,271(2022)
111:
109:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
72:
67:
60:
55:
51:
46:
39:
30:
19:
6466:
6452:Bodo-Kachari
6201:Khiamniungan
5871:
5783:
5319:
5315:Bodo-Kachari
5282:Bodo-Kachari
5194:(inc. Khasi
5166:
4964:
4920:Kurukh/Oraon
4897:Pnar/Jaintia
4778:Shershabadia
4662:
4628:
4601:
4594:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4518:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4489:
4480:
4468:. Retrieved
4448:
4441:
4432:
4428:
4418:
4406:. Retrieved
4397:
4388:
4376:. Retrieved
4362:
4350:. Retrieved
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4315:
4306:
4294:. Retrieved
4285:
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4255:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4225:
4216:
4204:. Retrieved
4184:
4177:
4165:. Retrieved
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4130:
4121:
4101:. New York:
4098:
4075:. Retrieved
4071:the original
4066:
4057:
4045:. Retrieved
4041:the original
4031:
4021:25 September
4019:. Retrieved
4015:the original
4010:
3986:. Retrieved
3976:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3937:
3930:
3918:. Retrieved
3898:
3891:
3872:
3866:
3854:. Retrieved
3835:
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3793:
3786:
3774:. Retrieved
3754:
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3715:
3708:
3696:. Retrieved
3686:
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3658:
3651:
3639:. Retrieved
3630:
3605:. Retrieved
3596:
3587:
3577:21 September
3575:. Retrieved
3566:
3542:. Retrieved
3522:
3515:
3505:21 September
3503:. Retrieved
3494:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3455:
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3416:
3409:
3401:
3387:
3381:
3369:. Retrieved
3349:
3342:
3325:
3321:
3303:
3296:. Retrieved
3276:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3237:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3209:
3200:
3188:. Retrieved
3168:
3161:
3142:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3105:
3095:
3086:
3072:
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
3034:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3005:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2969:
2962:
2953:
2939:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2879:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2837:
2827:
2818:
2814:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2750:
2740:
2731:
2717:
2711:
2676:
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2638:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2609:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2572:
2547:. Retrieved
2527:
2505:|title=
2487:
2482:
2473:
2467:
2448:
2418:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2378:
2352:
2325:
2315:
2306:
2300:
2285:
2275:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2247:
2227:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2153:22 September
2151:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2097:
2073:
2060:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1984:
1926:Prova Chakma
1877:Devasish Roy
1826:Rupna Chakma
1763:Haplogroup N
1759:Haplogroup E
1755:Haplogroup G
1751:Haplogroup H
1743:haplogroup I
1739:Haplogroup J
1735:haplogroup Q
1731:Haplogroup L
1720:
1694:
1686:
1683:Changma Bhaz
1682:
1659:Jingpo-Luish
1652:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1573:
1565:Shrimp paste
1560:
1555:
1540:
1531:
1520:Please help
1515:verification
1512:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1410:
1393:
1389:
1374:
1359:
1350:
1339:Please help
1334:verification
1331:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1233:
1202:
1189:
1181:Islamisation
1177:
1164:
1153:
1133:Mukti Bahini
1130:
1115:
1099:Awami League
1084:
1077:
1073:
1054:
1042:
1029:independence
1022:
1018:
1009:World War II
1001:
990:
982:Lushai hills
971:
968:
960:Lushai Hills
949:
910:
906:
898:Chandraghona
894:Rani Kalindi
875:
860:
851:
840:Please help
835:verification
832:
805:
792:Sepoy Mutiny
789:
782:Rani Kalindi
775:
770:
766:
738:
726:
687:
667:
659:
655:Shaista Khan
648:
621:
608:
600:
599:in the book
596:
587:
578:
570:
567:
564:
558:
551:
527:
522:
518:
514:
502:
494:
489:
475:
456:
439:
433:
421:Rani Kalindi
391:
347:ethnic group
338:
334:
332:
319:Khagrachhari
42:𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦
32:Ethnic group
29:
6141:Naga tribes
5997:Kuki tribes
5979:, Tromopa,
5937:Naga tribes
5913:(see below)
5911:Kuki Tribes
5829:Munda, Kaur
5511:Tai peoples
5479:Naga tribes
5455:Miju Mishmi
5426:Aka (Hruso)
5421:Abor (Galo)
5390:Naga tribes
5366:(see below)
5364:Kuki Tribes
5232:Naga tribes
5208:(see below)
5206:Kuki Tribes
4935:Mal Paharia
4718:Indo-Aryans
4435:(1): 28–37.
3988:23 December
3959:23 December
3920:23 December
3737:23 December
3698:23 December
3670:23 December
3641:23 December
3633:(Opinion).
3607:23 December
3544:23 December
3475:23 December
3438:23 December
3371:23 December
3298:23 December
3259:23 December
3220:23 December
3190:23 December
3126:23 December
3088:Bangladesh.
3056:23 December
3017:23 December
2989:23 December
2733:Bangladesh.
2660:23 December
2621:23 December
2610:Earth Touch
2593:23 December
2549:23 December
2108:18 February
2028:22 November
1996:23 December
1780:Amit Chakma
1774:Bangladeshi
1673:, English,
1475:Parinirvāna
1399:, Thailand
1221:Mizo people
1167:Garo people
921:Mong Circle
808:Roy Bahadur
702:Murshidabad
670:Jallal Khan
624:Min Razagyi
444:Chakma Raja
191:West Bengal
6662:Categories
6171:Chakhesang
6144:including:
6000:including:
5942:Pawi (Lai)
5501:Sherdukpen
5399:Raba, Rava
5395:Pawi (Lai)
5237:Pawi (Lai)
5020:Tanchangya
4821:Rajbongshi
4756:Mahifarash
4520:Ethnologue
4500:9 February
2761:5 February
1967:References
1957:Tridev Roy
1871:Benita Roy
1761:and 1.72%
1725:groups in
1569:fish paste
1534:April 2022
1428:Phool Bizu
1420:Bizu dance
1353:April 2022
1253:Pinon hadi
1143:Nurul Amin
1090:Yahya Khan
1086:Tridev Roy
1061:Kaptai Dam
854:April 2022
801:Feni River
696:, the new
571:or Thaikhs
503:śaktimāna,
402:Indo-Aryan
377:states of
363:Bangladesh
283:Tanchangya
108:Bangladesh
85:Bangladesh
6356:See also
6341:Yimkhiung
6124:Thangngeu
6076:Lengthang
6056:Khawchung
5307:Meghalaya
5256:Yimkhiung
5094:Armenians
5069:Hrangkhol
4912:Dravidian
4773:Rohingyas
4751:Dhakaiyas
4286:Firstpost
4266:2 January
4236:2 January
4077:19 August
4047:19 August
3856:31 August
3815:2 October
3776:2 October
3631:The Hindu
2751:Scroll.in
2703:219929406
2496:cite news
2062:15 August
1951:Pakistani
1737:, 10.34%
1733:, 13.79%
1435:Mhul Bizu
1299:mawnógawr
1295:mawnógawr
1155:Meghalaya
1113:of 1971.
1095:Rangamati
902:Rangamati
797:Shraavana
694:Mir Qasim
523:śaktimāna
517:(သက်) or
507:Bagan Era
466:Etymology
404:language
323:Rangamati
244:Languages
204:Meghalaya
6306:Tangkhul
6221:Liangmai
6045:Hongsung
6020:Gamalhou
6014:Chongloi
6011:Changsan
5905:Lyngngam
5733:Tangkhul
5668:Liangmai
5595:Zekhring
5519:Khamyang
5353:Lyngngam
5269:Nagaland
5200:Lyngngam
4925:Mushahar
4825:Ranjoarh
4783:Sylhetis
4746:Bengalis
4726:Assamese
4586:24130682
4546:PLOS ONE
4494:Archived
4464:Archived
4402:Archived
4372:Archived
4346:Archived
4320:Archived
4290:Archived
4260:Archived
4230:Archived
4226:Oneindia
4200:Archived
4161:Archived
4135:Archived
3982:Archived
3953:Archived
3914:Archived
3850:Archived
3809:Archived
3770:Archived
3731:Archived
3692:Archived
3664:Archived
3635:Archived
3601:Archived
3571:Archived
3538:Archived
3499:Archived
3469:Archived
3465:50712718
3432:Archived
3365:Archived
3292:Archived
3253:Archived
3214:Archived
3184:Archived
3120:Archived
3050:Archived
3011:Archived
2983:Archived
2979:50712718
2895:Archived
2877:(2010).
2853:Archived
2835:(2010).
2755:Archived
2654:Archived
2615:Archived
2587:Archived
2543:Archived
2427:54822598
2375:"Jummas"
2252:Archived
2147:Archived
2102:Archived
2056:Archived
2019:Archived
1990:Archived
1757:, 1.72%
1753:, 3.45%
1749:, 4.31%
1745:, 4.31%
1741:, 6.03%
1717:Genetics
1707:Thailand
1699:Cambodia
1675:Assamese
1671:Sanskrit
1643:Language
1624:Religion
1606:gyi-lhei
1401:Songkran
1385:Vaisakha
1313:Festival
1118:Bengalis
1107:Razakars
886:Noakhali
778:Rangunia
734:Calcutta
722:hegemony
710:Midnapur
663:Ranirhat
636:Rangunia
632:Alikadam
609:Chacomas
499:Sanskrit
476:Chacomas
450:and the
429:Daingnet
279:Daingnet
256:Religion
217:Nagaland
6678:Adivasi
6647:Tripuri
6597:Mudugar
6577:Mishing
6472:Chenchu
6321:Thangal
6296:Sangtam
6291:Rongmei
6271:Pochury
6251:Monsang
6216:Lamkang
6211:Lainong
6131:Vaiphei
6111:Sitlhou
6108:Singson
6101:Sairhem
6091:Mangjel
6088:Lupheng
6085:Lhouvun
6082:Lhoujem
6079:Lhangum
6067:Kholhou
6033:Hanneng
6017:Doungel
5977:Tibetan
5969:Kagatey
5899:(inc.
5849:Tripuri
5799:Jamatia
5780:Chaimal
5763:Tripura
5743:Vaiphei
5718:Rongmei
5693:Monsang
5663:Lamkang
5653:Koireng
5605:Manipur
5575:Minyong
5515:Khampti
5469:Lishipa
5431:Apatani
5347:(inc.
5159:Mizoram
5104:Indians
5099:Chinese
5025:Tripuri
5015:Rakhine
4902:Santals
4813:Nepalis
4788:Mahimal
4627:(ed.).
4577:3794028
4554:Bibcode
4470:25 June
4408:14 June
4378:14 June
4352:14 June
4326:14 June
4296:14 June
4206:25 June
4167:14 June
4141:14 June
4131:New Age
3334:4400049
3305:tracts.
2955:67,000.
2859:24 June
2258:14 June
1679:Bengali
1637:Mizoram
1614:gyilhei
1610:Gyilhei
1599:kabaddi
1580:mustard
1471:nirvāna
1424:Chaitra
1397:Sangrai
1239:Culture
1185:Burmese
986:Mizoram
956:Shendus
929:Tripura
890:Comilla
718:Subedar
706:Burdwan
575:Min Bin
548:History
484:Myanmar
425:Myanmar
383:Tripura
371:Mizoram
304:Upazila
287:Rakhine
235:Myanmar
152:Tripura
139:Mizoram
93:Myanmar
18:Chakmas
6668:Chakma
6632:Santal
6617:Rabari
6547:Lepcha
6527:Khonds
6512:Irulas
6497:Hajong
6482:Dimasa
6477:Dhanka
6467:Chakma
6442:Birhor
6437:Bhutia
6432:Bhumij
6422:Bharia
6336:Wancho
6326:Tikhir
6311:Tangsa
6286:Rengma
6281:Poumai
6246:Maring
6231:Makury
6206:Konyak
6196:Kharam
6186:Chothe
6156:Angami
6105:Selnam
6070:Kipgen
6063:Khelma
6053:Jongbe
6042:Hengna
6039:Haolai
6024:Gangte
5987:Lepcha
5973:Sherpa
5965:Bhutia
5957:Sikkim
5887:Hajong
5872:Chakma
5844:Santal
5834:Noatia
5814:Lepcha
5804:Khasia
5784:Chakma
5776:Bhutia
5738:Thadou
5683:Maring
5633:Gangte
5628:Chothe
5590:Puroik
5550:Khamba
5533:(inc.
5513:(inc.
5495:Wancho
5487:Tangsa
5481:(inc.
5465:Chugpa
5463:(inc.
5453:(inc.
5451:Mishmi
5441:Galong
5335:Hajong
5320:Chakma
5182:Hajong
5167:Chakma
5109:Jummas
5087:Others
5064:Pankho
5008:Pangal
5003:Meitei
4993:Laleng
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4978:Hajong
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4865:Kharia
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2887:
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1576:millet
1483:Bhante
1307:thatch
1303:bamboo
1255:. The
980:. The
978:Aizawl
919:, and
882:Cachar
878:Lushai
651:Mughal
642:, and
640:Raozan
593:Bengal
568:Theks,
534:Shakya
495:Chakma
406:Chakma
343:Chakma
325:, and
250:Chakma
239:43,100
232:
169:47,073
156:84,269
143:92,850
123:
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6627:Reang
6622:Rabha
6607:Oraon
6592:Munda
6562:Mahli
6557:Lodha
6552:Limbu
6537:Korwa
6522:Khasi
6517:Karbi
6492:Gondi
6462:Bonda
6457:Boksa
6417:Baiga
6401:India
6331:Tutsa
6316:Tarao
6266:Para
6261:Nocte
6256:Moyon
6241:Maram
6226:Lotha
6191:Inpui
6181:Chiru
6176:Chirr
6166:Chang
6127:Uibuh
6120:Thado
6115:Sukte
6097:Riang
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6029:Guite
6007:Biate
5981:Yolmo
5864:Assam
5854:Uchoi
5839:Riang
5794:Halam
5789:Garoo
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5713:Ralte
5708:Purum
5703:Paite
5698:Moyon
5678:Maram
5643:Inpui
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5560:Memba
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5539:Padam
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5491:Tutsa
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5473:Takpa
5461:Momba
5260:woman
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4998:Marma
4983:Khumi
4930:Malto
4890:Sabar
4880:Munda
4875:Mahle
4870:Khasi
4850:Bauri
4817:Polia
4802:Bonaz
4763:Kahar
4741:Beens
4731:Barua
4657:. In
4606:(PDF)
3330:JSTOR
2699:S2CID
2022:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1711:Burma
1663:Hindi
1447:silum
1439:pinon
1377:Vesak
1257:pinon
1050:Diyun
964:Assam
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565:Saks,
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519:Thet,
501:word
440:gozas
436:clans
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291:Bamar
182:3,166
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6642:Toda
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6572:Mech
6567:Mara
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6502:Hmar
6487:Garo
6447:Bodo
6427:Bhil
6412:Asur
6346:Zeme
6301:Sumi
6276:Phom
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5882:Garo
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5638:Hmar
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5297:Naga
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5277:Garo
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5212:Mara
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5177:Garo
5076:Mizo
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5040:Chin
5035:Bawm
4973:Garo
4969:Dalu
4960:Chak
4885:Kora
4846:Aowe
4809:Koch
4806:Keot
4633:ISBN
4582:PMID
4502:2020
4472:2020
4454:ISBN
4410:2021
4380:2021
4354:2021
4328:2021
4298:2021
4268:2021
4238:2021
4208:2020
4190:ISBN
4169:2021
4143:2021
4107:ISBN
4079:2010
4049:2010
4023:2015
3990:2016
3961:2016
3943:ISBN
3922:2016
3904:ISBN
3877:ISBN
3858:2023
3840:ISBN
3817:2020
3799:ISBN
3778:2020
3760:ISBN
3739:2016
3721:ISBN
3700:2016
3672:2016
3643:2016
3609:2016
3597:Dawn
3579:2017
3546:2016
3528:ISBN
3507:2017
3477:2016
3461:OCLC
3440:2016
3422:ISBN
3392:ISBN
3373:2016
3355:ISBN
3300:2016
3282:ISBN
3261:2016
3243:ISBN
3222:2016
3192:2016
3174:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3128:2016
3110:ISBN
3077:ISBN
3058:2016
3040:ISBN
3019:2016
2991:2016
2975:OCLC
2944:ISBN
2903:2022
2885:ISBN
2861:2019
2843:ISBN
2782:ISBN
2763:2020
2722:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2662:2016
2644:ISBN
2623:2016
2595:2016
2577:ISBN
2551:2016
2533:ISBN
2509:help
2453:ISBN
2423:OCLC
2383:ISBN
2260:2021
2155:2021
2110:2022
2064:2022
2030:2022
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