35:
406:
continued racism, and because black
African support for the proposal was low. However, by 1972, the Centre Party officially supported the settlement proposals after the Pearce Commission. The party's position on settlement was unpopular with black members, most of whom became disillusioned and turned their support toward the newly formed African National Council (ANC). Soon, even black party leaders began defecting. The deputy secretary for external affairs for the ANC said:
1784:
381:. In those elections, the Centre Party put up candidates for 16 of the 50 contested "European seats" (those reserved for whites), and ran candidates for all 8 of the "African", or black, seats. The party did not win any of the white constituencies, but drew on middle class black support and won 7 of the 8 black seats in Parliament, receiving the largest share of African roll votes. The Centre Party MPs elected in 1970 were: Edward Watunga (
1307:
366:, only 200 attended, while 450 attendees were expected. After receiving criticism for the congress's poor attendance, Bashford responded that he believed the Centre Party would be the future of liberalism in Rhodesia. However, the party remained small and was unable to garner significant white support, possibly because of the party's liberal image. In the period leading up the
370:, the Centre Party urged a "no" vote, believing that the new constitution would hurt the chance of reaching a settlement with the United Kingdom. In the run-up to the vote, the party had commissioned a professionally conducted public opinion survey, which found that the white population largely supported the new constitution, which would set up a
414:
Some black Centre Party politicians tried to remain loyal, but faced violence from their fellow blacks, and were forced to back down. Percy Mkudu, a former MP and strong
Central Party support, initially supported the settlement proposals but changed his position and began denouncing them after his
529:
The Centre Party was a multiracial party, though its leadership and a disproportionate amount of its voter base were white. By 1971, the party had gained significant black support, with 60 local branches in black tribal areas. The Centre Party was strongest in urban areas. By 1972, the party lost
405:
devoted half its content to speculations by various writers on the prospects of a settlement. That year, Ian Smith asked
Bashford for the Centre Party's support in appealing to the British government to implement the terms of his settlement proposal. Bashford refused, due to the Rhodesian Front's
497:
and restricting bureaucratic interference in the economy. They were opposed to the Land Tenure Act, which awarded a disproportionate amount of
Rhodesia's land to the white minority over blacks. The party believed that within the Tribal Trust Lands, the authority of tribal chiefs in traditional
426:, the Centre Party ran only five candidates, four of whom were black. Only one, Micah Bhebe, an African roll incumbent, retained his seat. Diana Mitchell, though a Centre Party supporter, ran (unsuccessfully) as an independent candidate, frustrated by perceived
419:, a Centre Party MP, originally supported the proposals but resigned from the party in February 1972 when he realized he was an "obvious target". The Centre Party eventually abandoned support for the proposal, but had already lost most of its black support.
258:
and elimination of racial discrimination. The party never gained any white seats in
Parliament, but in 1970 seven black members were elected. The Centre Party's support for the 1972
55:
377:
Though the survey results showed that the Centre Party's position was not popular among voters, the party still decided to pursue seats in
Parliament in the upcoming
295:
was a topic of discussion among whites, it did not come to fruition until the founding of the Centre Party. Three years before the party's founding
Rhodesia made its
401:
In 1971, the issue of settlement proposals with the United
Kingdom became a point of discord within the Centre Party. The November 1971 issue of the party newspaper
111:
1396:
1259:
530:
much of its black support over the settlement proposal issue, and was left with mostly a white membership. The party never gained more than 3,000 members.
390:
296:
1858:
410:"The Centre Party has no more African support. I was its general secretary and I should know. This party does not stand for Africans, but Europeans."
303:, and the country's unrecognized white minority government maintained power through strict requirements for voters that most blacks did not meet.
1337:
761:
1853:
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45:
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453:. Its founder Pat Bashford remarked in 1969 that "liberalism needed a home in Rhodesia and the Centre Party could provide it." The party was
1833:
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proposals eroded its support among blacks, many of whom left and joined the
African National Council. In 1977, the party merged with the
1460:
1252:
727:
1757:
367:
389:(Nemakonde), and Micah Bhebe (Ntshonalanga). By 1971, the party reached its peak support, with about 60 local branches in the black
311:
The Centre Party was founded on 28 August 1968 by a group of white
Rhodesians seeking to recreate a viable opposition to the ruling
1823:
1501:
1232:
661:
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The party was headed by a leader, or president, Pat Bashford. Charles Lazarus was the deputy leader. From 1969 to 1976, an annual
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1471:
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334:, and Rhodesian Front's racial policies. Notable early members of the party included Nicholas McNally, future justice of the
181:
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385:), Lewis Ndhlovu (Insukamini), Lazarus Masenda (Mabvazuwa), Wening Moraka (Matojeni), Lwazi Mahlangu (Mpopoma),
291:, Rhodesian moderates and liberals were a disorganized and uninfluential political minority. While forming an
1623:
1295:
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243:, decided to reorganize. Led by Pat Bashford, they founded the Centre Party, a multiracial party opposed to
1327:
132:
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and the National Pledge Association to form the National Unifying Force as the country's main opposition.
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So Far and No Further!: Rhodesia's Bid for Independence During the Retreat from Empire 1959–1965
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320:
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1001:
833:
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662:"Images from the papers of Zimbabwean political activist Diana Mitchell | Hoover Institution"
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324:
186:
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Gendering the Settler State: White Women, Race, Liberalism and Empire in Rhodesia, 1950–1980
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393:, not to mention branches in white areas. Ian Smith called it "the real opposition."
259:
225:
327:. Pat Bashford, the Centre Party's founder and leader, was strongly opposed to UDI,
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232:
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315:. The new party was multiracial, and its initial platform supported universal
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877:
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Who's who in Africa: The Political, Military and Business Leaders of Africa
1205:"Zimbabwe: The Late Centre Party Leader Who Was Demoted for Liking Blacks"
346:, a co-founder who became the party's press and public relations officer.
34:
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1289:
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137:
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Unpopular Sovereignty: Rhodesian Independence and African Decolonization
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Later, the Rhodesian Constitutional Association, composed of former
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members, merged into the Centre Party. At the party's inaugural
903:. Australian Government Publishing Service. 1980. p. 153.
427:
382:
121:
552:
U.D.I: The International Politics of the Rhodesian Rebellion
931:
Bashford, Thomas H. P. (1971). "Polarization in Rhodesia".
166:
1061:
Banks, Arthur S.; Day, Alan J.; Muller, Thomas C. (1998).
808:
The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Southern Africa
433:
In January 1977, the Centre Party merged with the revived
805:
Williams, Gwyneth; Hackland, Brian (22 December 2015).
1157:
Ending Civil War: Rhodesia and Lebanon in Perspective
728:"Pat Bashford, Who Headed Party in Rhodesia, Is Dead"
517:from January 1974 to June 1977. A party newspaper,
1290:Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
1267:
762:"Judge's departure edges Zimbabwe into despotism"
1810:
972:Race Relations in Rhodesia: A Survey for 1972-73
804:
596:"Centre Party (Rhodesia); papers - Archives Hub"
1397:Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party
396:
220:party opposed to the policies of the country's
1060:
1253:
1113:. Indiana University Press. 1975. p. 22.
323:, and the elimination of blatant examples of
1133:. University of Chicago Press. p. 212.
349:
297:Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
1600:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
1338:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
555:. Princeton University Press. p. 219.
488:
485:and improved education for black citizens.
1260:
1246:
1193:. Salisbury, Rhodesia: Centre Party. 1969.
695:
415:businesses were attacked in January 1972.
33:
863:
338:, Sam Putterill, former commander of the
1859:Political parties disestablished in 1977
1385:Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga
930:
368:1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum
1455:Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
1153:
1087:
1811:
1461:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1154:Preston, Matthew (30 September 2004).
1122:
1120:
1103:
1101:
968:
1854:Political parties established in 1968
1844:Defunct political parties in Zimbabwe
1502:Zimbabwe United People's Organisation
1368:United Movement for Democratic Change
1350:National Alliance for Good Governance
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668:. Stanford University. Archived from
618:
510:was held. Bashford resigned in 1975.
266:to form the National Unifying Force.
1064:Political Handbook of the World 1998
864:Gallagher, Julia (8 February 2016).
838:. Trafford Publishing. p. 244.
831:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
706:. African Development. p. 358.
656:
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619:White, Matthew C. (1 January 1978).
614:
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235:, many of whom were associated with
1834:Anti-racist organizations in Africa
1174:
1117:
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13:
1829:1977 disestablishments in Rhodesia
1564:Responsible Government Association
1094:. American University. p. 45.
1088:Council, African National (1974).
1047:
989:
953:
917:
852:
684:
14:
1875:
1606:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
1437:Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
1226:
969:Davies, Dorothy Keyworth (1975).
787:
639:
609:
569:
539:
287:, and the rise of the right-wing
279:Following the dissolution of the
1782:
1420:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)
1362:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
1305:
549:Good, Robert C. (8 March 2015).
468:
374:form of government in Rhodesia.
1824:1968 establishments in Rhodesia
1612:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
1490:Zimbabwe African National Union
1484:United African National Council
1391:Zimbabwe African People's Union
1197:
1147:
1081:
1020:
1006:. Routledge. 5 September 2013.
891:
250:'s ruling Rhodesian Front. Its
1594:Rhodesian White People's Party
1449:Movement for Democratic Change
1127:White, Luise (23 March 2015).
825:
753:
720:
513:The party published a monthly
1:
1864:Political parties in Rhodesia
1624:United National Federal Party
1296:Citizens Coalition for Change
1027:Law, Kate (6 November 2015).
760:Blair, David (4 March 2001).
533:
524:
498:matters should be respected.
274:
501:
424:1974 parliamentary elections
397:Settlement issue and decline
216:. Founded in 1968, it was a
7:
1849:Liberal parties in Zimbabwe
1160:. I.B.Tauris. p. 133.
440:
306:
85:; 47 years ago
16:Political party in Rhodesia
10:
1880:
1839:Centrist parties in Africa
1403:Zimbabwe Development Party
1233:1969 Centre Party platform
1209:Zimbabwe Standard (Harare)
1067:. Springer. p. 1043.
1033:. Routledge. p. 137.
459:opposed to racist policies
269:
1778:
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1691:
1668:
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1553:National Democratic Party
1511:
1472:People's Democratic Party
1427:
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1303:
1279:
866:"Diana Mitchell obituary"
811:. Routledge. p. 51.
475:white minority government
350:Growth and 1970 elections
340:Rhodesian Security Forces
336:Supreme Court of Zimbabwe
319:for blacks, the proposed
226:white minority government
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131:
117:
107:
97:
79:
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32:
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1356:National Patriotic Front
1344:Mthwakazi Republic Party
489:Economic and land policy
228:. It dissolved in 1977.
1819:Centre Party (Rhodesia)
1588:Rhodesia National Party
1496:Zimbabwe Unity Movement
1443:Forum Party of Zimbabwe
625:. Printpak. p. 7.
515:Centre Party Newsletter
483:equality before the law
254:supported a non-racial
149:Political position
112:National Unifying Force
1570:Rhodesian Action Party
1322:Coalition of Democrats
1190:Blueprint for Rhodesia
521:, was also published.
412:
321:Land Apportionment Act
67:; 56 years ago
1630:United Rhodesia Party
1582:Rhodesia Labour Party
1415:Zimbabwe Labour Party
1374:United People's Party
734:. 11 September 1987.
479:racial discrimination
445:The Centre Party was
408:
325:racial discrimination
1798:Politics of Zimbabwe
1618:United Federal Party
1521:Central Africa Party
1409:Zimbabwe First Party
493:The party supported
360:United Federal Party
285:United Federal Party
231:In 1968, a group of
177:Politics of Zimbabwe
102:United Federal Party
1731:(ZANU, ZANU–Ndonga)
1333:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
1091:The Zimbabwe Exodus
241:Sir Edgar Whitehead
65:28 August 1968
1793:Parties by country
1729:Ndabaningi Sithole
1659:Emmerson Mnangagwa
1428:Defunct Zimbabwean
900:Zimbabwe, May 1980
832:Wood, Jrt (2012).
732:The New York Times
672:on 7 December 2017
666:Hoover Institution
495:private enterprise
473:The party opposed
391:Tribal Trust Lands
1806:
1805:
1735:Morgan Tsvangirai
1682:Morgan Tsvangirai
1538:Confederate Party
1532:City Youth League
1512:Defunct Rhodesian
1328:Liberal Democrats
1269:Political parties
622:Smith of Rhodesia
260:Pearce Commission
195:
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182:Political parties
108:Succeeded by
83:January 1977
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1737:(MDC, MDC–T)
1717:Joshua Nkomo
1701:(MDC–T, CCC)
1559:Reform Party
1526:Centre Party
1525:
1213:. Retrieved
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1110:Africa Today
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670:the original
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199:Centre Party
198:
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118:Headquarters
46:Pat Bashford
26:Centre Party
18:
779:14 February
455:multiracial
224:-dominated
218:multiracial
138:Anti-racism
1813:Categories
1692:Key people
1640:Presidents
1411:(ZimFirst)
1215:7 December
883:7 December
745:7 December
698:Rake, Alan
676:7 December
601:7 December
534:References
525:Voter base
372:republican
293:opposition
275:Background
237:opposition
142:Liberalism
72:1968-08-28
1741:Ian Smith
1678:(ZANU–PF)
1661:(ZANU–PF)
1655:(ZANU–PF)
1399:(ZAPU–FP)
1292:(ZANU–PF)
878:0261-3077
774:0307-1235
740:0362-4331
502:Structure
332:Ian Smith
317:franchise
299:from the
256:franchise
248:Ian Smith
187:Elections
122:Salisbury
80:Dissolved
1788:Politics
1273:Zimbabwe
947:40394506
700:(1973).
447:moderate
441:Ideology
364:congress
307:Founding
283:and the
252:platform
214:Rhodesia
205:) was a
133:Ideology
126:Rhodesia
1770:FROLIZI
1725:(MDC–N)
1707:(MDC–M)
1684:(MDC–T)
1602:(SRANC)
1514:parties
1463:(MDC–N)
1430:parties
1340:(MDC–T)
1283:parties
451:liberal
422:In the
270:History
239:leader
207:liberal
90:1977-01
88: (
70: (
62:Founded
1766:(ZAPU)
1713:(UANC)
1649:(ZANU)
1626:(UNFP)
1614:(SRLP)
1608:(SRCP)
1596:(RWPP)
1504:(ZUPO)
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1324:(CODE)
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428:sexism
383:Harare
164:
160:Colors
154:Centre
42:Leader
1764:ZIPRA
1758:ZANLA
1632:(URP)
1620:(UFP)
1590:(RNP)
1584:(RLP)
1572:(RAP)
1566:(RGA)
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1439:(CAZ)
1417:(ZLP)
1405:(ZDP)
1376:(UPP)
1358:(NPF)
1346:(MRP)
1298:(CCC)
943:JSTOR
1743:(RF)
1578:(RF)
1528:(CP)
1480:(RF)
1217:2017
1162:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1008:ISBN
977:ISBN
905:ISBN
885:2017
874:ISSN
840:ISBN
813:ISBN
781:2019
770:ISSN
747:2017
736:ISSN
708:ISBN
678:2017
627:ISBN
603:2017
557:ISBN
457:and
449:and
358:and
197:The
167:Blue
1271:in
212:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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