7449:
154:
36:
77:
2802:). Apart from those variations, the pronunciation of most consonants is fairly straightforward and is similar to French, Occitan or Portuguese pronunciation. (The following list includes a quick pronunciation of letters in standard Catalan and Valencian, for an in-depth view see attached main article on top of this section).
6366:(DIEC) of 1995 started to apply the new criteria; however, it was never formulated explicitly. In the same way, the introduction of DIEC writes about the abnormality of the situation, and the outline of the new normative grammar that prepares the IEC already does not collect that traditional exception.
5827:
In the case of the separation of a term at the end of line, syllable boundaries are maintained. Still, there are digraphs that can be separated and others that cannot. The digraphs that can be separated are those that, when splitting them, they result in two graphs the corresponding sound from which
1264:. These have been mostly developed from Latin, adapting them to their own phonetic particularities. It had been a gradual and slow process through centuries until the creation of the Academies in the 18th century that fixed the orthography from their language dominant variety.
1278:
In the 16th century, just after the Golden Age, the split of
Catalans started. With the isolation of the Royal Court and several political events, the unitary linguistic consciousness and the shared cultural tradition broke off. The production became more dialectal.
5796:
Since 1996, the normative set that in the none mentioned cases in the previous paragraph do not carry hyphen. Thus, the general norm set that the prefixed forms, aside from the cited exceptions, are written without hyphen (the only normative option, then, is to write
4734:
Since there is no need to mark the stressed syllable of a monosyllabic word, most of them do not have an accent. Exceptions are those with a diacritical accent differentiating words that would otherwise be homographic. Example:
5840:
are words with digraphs that can be split). The digraphs that cannot be separated are those in which the two graphs correspond to sounds that they are not related with the sound of the digraph. (For example, the digraph
6040:
rules that serve to determine whether it is necessary to use an apostrophe (') with an article, preposition or pronoun or not if the word that follows it or precedes it begins or finishes in a vowel, respectively.
1293:
The orthographic norms of
Catalan were first defined officially in the First International Congress of the Catalan Language, held in Barcelona in October 1906. Subsequently, the Philological Section of the
1275:(1325–1328) that the Catalans are the largest group with a single language, since all the Romance-speaking regions had very divided languages like the difference that exists between Catalans and Aragonese.
5376:
clash in this case. The ambiguity is resolved by an additional rule, which states that in cases where diaereses would appear on two consecutive letters, only the second receives one. This thus gives
5093:
6342:
Traditionally, to avoid ambiguities, words beginning with the negative prefix a- did not take an apostrophe. Nowadays, general apostrophation rules are followed in written text:
1267:
In the case of
Catalan and Valencian, the mediaeval orthography had a noticeable homogeneity. The Royal Chancellery set a unitary written model in several fields. Thus,
4811:('s/he gives'). In most cases, the word bearing no accent is either unstressed (as in the case of 'es' and 'te'), or the word without the accent is more common, usually a
1196:
1312:. Despite some opposition, the spelling system was adopted immediately and became widespread enough that, in 1932, Valencian writers and intellectuals gathered in
5262:
do not receive a diaeresis, although they are pronounced with separate syllables. This concerns the infinitive, gerund, future and conditional forms (for example
5828:
they share a phonetic trait with the sound of the digraph. (Thus, the digraph rr, for example it corresponds with the nearest sound of a rhotic alveolar trill.
4524:
Standard rules governing the presence of accents are based on word endings and the position of the stressed syllable. In particular, accents are expected for:
7482:
5680:, it was sometimes used to note certain elisions, especially in poetry. The only (and improbable) possibility of ambiguity in the whole language is the pair
2764:
1335:(DIEC), marked a new milestone in the orthographic fixation of the language, in addition to the incorporation of neologisms and modern uses of the language.
498:
7591:
4391:
simply indicate that the vowels are stressed. Thus, the acute is used on close or close-mid vowels, and the grave on open or open-mid vowels. For example:
5087:
is rarely used in modern
Catalan and Valencian, nonetheless it has been used in the beginning of the 19th century by Antoni Febrer i Cardona to represent
267:
8902:
4832:
between
Eastern Catalan and Western Catalan is reflected in some orthographic divergences between standard Catalan and Valencian norms, for example:
123:
7720:
6634:, , and Central Catalan dialects like those of Barcelona or Girona featuring a weakly trilled unless it precedes a vowel-initial word in the same
744:
202:
6630:, , appears unless preceded by a consonant; different dialects vary in regards to rhotics in the coda with Western Catalan generally featuring an
1189:
7299:
6983:
7090:
7400:
1332:
1182:
1327:
748:
5584:
are frequently used instead of double inverted commas. They are used to mark titles of works, or phrases used as proper names.
7318:
6967:
7071:
8806:
7713:
5101:) or a contraction. Contrary to the restrictions of the acute and grave accent, the circumflex can be used with all vowels
5097:, in modern times there are some cases where the circumflex can be used to indicate silent etymological sounds (similar to
49:
7663:
2799:
1818:
1233:
570:
1141:
1136:
758:
7008:
331:
7159:
7356:
7337:
228:
63:
5676:. This usage of the middot sign dates to the beginning of twentieth century; in medieval and modern Catalan, before
1394:
after the reform. Discretionary use of a diacritic is possible if the context is not sufficient for disambiguation.
6941:
1661:
The following letter-diacritic combinations are used, but they do not constitute distinct letters in the alphabet:
1282:
In the 19th century, the recovery of the unity emerged, beginning with the orthography. Institutions like the
1131:
728:
17:
1325:
In 1917, Fabra published an
Orthographic Dictionary following the orthographic norms of the IEC. In 1931–1932 the
7989:
7706:
7472:
1116:
484:
311:
249:
7774:
7393:
7027:
2791:
1810:
1225:
169:. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency.
153:
7764:
7744:
7671:
5710:) is used in Catalan and Valencian to separate a verb and the combination of pronouns that follow them (e.g.
5058:
The second and third person of the plural of the simple past tense of indicative with accent on the radical:
1093:
578:
8790:
7759:
6626:. Between vowels, the two contrast but they are otherwise in complementary distribution: in the onset, an
1106:
6918:
6887:
6883:
6847:
6835:
6823:
6745:
6741:
6690:
6677:
6619:
6615:
6267:. It is not apostrophated in the following cases: When it goes before word that starts with a consonantic
5691:
5684:
5673:
5665:
5528:
5524:
5517:
5513:
5498:
5491:
5487:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5461:
5454:
5450:
5443:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5353:
5349:
5340:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5279:
5252:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5212:
5208:
5199:
5195:
5110:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4838:
4829:
4822:
4808:
4804:
4797:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4739:
4725:
4721:
4712:
4708:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4664:
4650:
4646:
4637:
4633:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4593:
4579:
4575:
4566:
4562:
4553:
4549:
4517:
4513:
4499:
4495:
4481:
4477:
4464:
4450:
4446:
4432:
4428:
4406:
4402:
4380:
4368:
4301:
4297:
4279:
4243:
4239:
4220:
4201:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4107:
4089:
4053:
4049:
4030:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3917:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3800:
3781:
3762:
3739:
3734:
3701:
3682:
3663:
3637:
3633:
3614:
3595:
3574:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3511:
3507:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3420:
3395:
3391:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3230:
3204:
3200:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3135:
3117:
3099:
3081:
3063:
3045:
3020:
3016:
3011:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2920:
2902:
2883:
2858:
2854:
2836:
2739:
2735:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2667:
2657:
2640:
2630:
2613:
2609:
2595:
2591:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2552:
2535:
2531:
2517:
2513:
2492:
2482:
2465:
2455:
2438:
2434:
2420:
2403:
2399:
2385:
2368:
2358:
2341:
2331:
2314:
2304:
2287:
2283:
2269:
2252:
2248:
2234:
2217:
2213:
2199:
2182:
2172:
2155:
2145:
2128:
2124:
2110:
2106:
2085:
2075:
2058:
2048:
2031:
2027:
2013:
1996:
1986:
1969:
1959:
1942:
1932:
1915:
1911:
1897:
1893:
1872:
1862:
1780:
1385:
1371:
263:
259:
8599:
7938:
5587:
In texts containing dialogue, quoted speech is usually set off with dashes, rather than inverted commas.
7779:
7754:
704:
1344:, which outlined several modifications, including a reduced number of monosyllabic words that take an
1331:(General Dictionary of the Catalan language) appeared. In 1995, a new normative dictionary, the
1236:). There are also several adapted variants to the peculiarities of local dialects of Insular Catalan (
1166:
8897:
8729:
8621:
8264:
8132:
8067:
7519:
7386:
792:
543:
341:
6125:. It is not apostrophated before of words that begin with a consonantic i or u (with or without h),
5761:); and those compounds in which the combination of the two elements can lead to wrong reading (e.g.
8174:
6393:. It does not apostrophate however before the following cases: words that start with a consonantic
1426:
861:
734:
664:
102:
55:
7698:
6623:
8847:
8690:
8137:
7976:
7796:
7784:
7769:
6709:
5722:), and to split a word at the end of a line of text for the purpose of maintaining page margins.
1126:
797:
7685:
1313:
1300:
592:
198:
8852:
8795:
8754:
8429:
8252:
8039:
8001:
7896:
5219:
This diaeresis is not used over a stressed vowel that already should have an accent. Examples:
989:
833:
754:
368:
245:
190:|pg=Catalan orthography |language=unknown |comments= }}
119:
6645:
are silent, but there are plenty of unpredictable exceptions (e.g. in
Central Eastern Catalan
5539:
Catalan and
Valencian do not capitalize the days of the week, months, or national adjectives.
8870:
8561:
8352:
8164:
7906:
7891:
7868:
7848:
7843:
5569:
Catalan and
Valencian punctuation rules are similar to English, with some minor differences.
5244:('that you sweat' subjunctive) (without the diaeresis, this last example would be pronounced
5158:
3441:
2783:
1272:
769:
738:
358:
321:
172:
164:
7569:
2769:
For assistance with IPA transcriptions of
Catalan and Valencian for Knowledge articles, see
1318:
8862:
8762:
8419:
8334:
8224:
8142:
8124:
8011:
7679:
7564:
5185:
4356:
1763:
was used until the official orthography was established in 1913, when it was replaced with
1305:
840:
586:
373:
316:
7365:
8:
8824:
8819:
8739:
8649:
8634:
8528:
8379:
8339:
8117:
8089:
8062:
8057:
8034:
8016:
7981:
7933:
7873:
7861:
7833:
7828:
7530:
7448:
5745:); those compounds in which the first element ends in a vowel and the second starts with
765:
708:
679:
556:
351:
326:
8396:
6231:) are apostrophated in the following cases: When the following word start with a vowel:
8814:
8507:
8494:
8347:
8169:
8149:
8102:
8079:
7971:
7961:
7838:
7818:
7813:
7805:
7733:
7581:
7576:
7506:
7429:
7424:
7413:
7293:
7272:
6977:
1814:
1411:
1257:
1229:
1077:
983:
847:
718:
668:
527:
463:
458:
346:
301:
283:
187:
128:
6073:) is apostrophated before all words of masculine gender that begin with a vowel, e.g.
5848:
To orthographic effects, the syllabic separation of words follow the following norms:
960:
914:
8772:
8767:
8682:
8369:
8359:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8199:
8186:
8084:
8006:
7953:
7943:
7928:
7911:
7823:
7603:
7586:
7467:
7434:
7352:
7333:
7314:
7276:
7004:
6963:
6570:. Like in the case of the article, the pronoun before words that start by unstressed
5084:
2777:
1419:
1237:
1151:
685:
478:
306:
5765:). There are also compound terms in which the first element carries a grave accent (
8695:
8672:
8611:
8606:
8577:
8551:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8424:
8411:
8401:
8326:
8286:
8232:
8209:
8194:
8159:
8154:
8112:
8049:
8026:
7883:
7856:
7628:
7621:
7608:
7558:
7545:
7494:
7477:
7409:
7264:
5968:
The constituents of a compound, or the prefix of a prefixed word, can be separated:
2770:
1806:
1407:
1403:
1261:
1253:
1241:
1221:
724:
714:
627:
512:
491:
468:
440:
433:
428:
396:
363:
279:
7640:
996:
965:
950:
8839:
8782:
8744:
8718:
8714:
8594:
8582:
8569:
8541:
8536:
8517:
8512:
8454:
8434:
8384:
8374:
8242:
8204:
8097:
7921:
7901:
7598:
7553:
7499:
7459:
7308:
6998:
6714:
6661:
get a reinforcement final consonant when in absolute final position (e.g. final
5098:
2787:
1375:
1354:
1101:
1044:
894:
519:
473:
416:
411:
401:
391:
336:
8589:
8072:
945:
875:
8667:
8629:
8546:
8502:
8479:
8459:
8389:
8364:
8214:
7994:
7916:
7645:
7614:
7509:
7142:
6627:
1415:
1380:
1338:
On the 24th October 2016, the IEC published a new orthography for Catalan, the
1268:
773:
530:
423:
7268:
6657:'sea'). In Central Eastern Catalan monosyllabic words with a pronounced final
4972:'depend'), except in the cases where this ending is preceded by the consonant
1051:
8891:
8662:
8639:
8484:
8257:
8237:
7524:
7514:
6635:
4866:
in Catalan and Valencian. The cases where the difference of pronunciation of
4812:
4699:
1161:
1058:
1038:
900:
550:
536:
406:
92:
1360:
1003:
8829:
8657:
6641:
In Eastern Catalan and North Western Catalan, most instances of word-final
6631:
6598:. It also does not take the apostrophe the first weak pronoun in the forms
6512:; if it is possible, it takes the apostrophe with the following word, like
5812:, 'Tens-Units-Hundreds'), thus, a hyphen is placed between tens and units (
5677:
5651:
4352:
4348:
1349:
1345:
1309:
1287:
1156:
112:
1390:
1366:
955:
907:
8734:
8281:
7729:
7049:
6472:. At the end of a verb that finishes in a vowel, using the reduced form:
5415:
5314:
1216:
1017:
940:
7091:"Cent anys de les Normes Ortogràfiques de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans"
6037:
5638:
5573:
4616:
1575:
1438:
1322:, a set of guidelines following Pompeu Fabra's Catalan language norms.
1010:
854:
7378:
6004:
Letters cannot be left on their own at the end or beginning of a line:
1333:
Dictionary of the Catalan Language of the Institute of Catalan Studies
8706:
7310:
Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems
6882:
In many dialects (except Balearic, Algherese and standard Valencian)
6488:. When there are two, the second if the orthographic rules allow it:
4364:
2812:
2795:
1425:
The Catalan and Valencian alphabet consists of the 26 letters of the
649:
621:
1352:
diacritic for reasons of disambiguation. Thus, the disyllabic word
8247:
7728:
5852:
The following digraphs and combination of letters can be separated:
5661:
4376:
2734:("low v") are used by speakers who do not distinguish the phonemes
1736:
819:
255:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7209:
8276:
6381:
takes the apostrophe before a vowel (with silent h, or without):
5808:
In regard to numbers, hyphen is set according to the D-U-C rule (
5432:
4528:
1111:
868:
812:
805:
674:
642:
637:
612:
6516:. The apostrophe always goes the further to the right possible:
8724:
8269:
7206:
6456:
Before a verb that starts with a vowel, using its elided form:
6433:. In general it does not apostrophate in case of metalanguage:
5703:
5643:
5620:, as in English. Before 1993, questions could be enclosed with
5325:
are used to represent a hard (i.e. velar) pronunciation before
5282:). All other forms of such verbs do receive a diaeresis on the
921:
826:
658:
654:
617:
182:
have just labeled this article as needing attention, please add
5725:
Compounds are hyphenated in cases that involve numerals (e.g.
5624:, as in Spanish, but this is no longer recommended by the IEC.
5609:'What we should do' she ventured to suggest 'is go to and ...'
7249:
7054:
7052:
5088:
3858:
632:
6335:); before a word that start with s followed by a consonant,
5509:
may be voiced to before vowels and voiced consonants, e.g.
4944:
The ending of the third person of the plural of indicative -
3590:
7370:
5446:, much like in Portuguese, Occitan or French (e.g. compare
2786:; the pronunciation of some of the letters is different in
7255:
Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992). "Catalan".
6453:
Weak pronouns take the apostrophe in the following cases:
5504:
5420:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
7072:"A List of Local Keyboard Layout in 24 Countries/Regions"
6283:; when it goes before a word that begins with unstressed
4850:(Valencian) ('English'). In the Balearic Islands, open e
2742:. Speakers that do distinguish them use the simple names
1805:
The following table shows the letters and their names in
1771:
and loanwords. Some Catalan surnames conserve the letter
1260:
orthographies shows a singularity in regard to the other
7003:. Translated by Yates, Alan. John Benjamins Publishing.
5602:
El que hauriem de fer —s'atreví a suggerir— és anar a...
7131:
Diferències dialectals en la distribució de la e tònica
5426:
4870:
can have graphical repercussions are the followings:
2765:
Lists of spelling-to-sound correspondences in Catalan
2647:
2620:
2577:
2542:
2499:
2472:
2445:
2410:
2375:
2348:
2321:
2294:
2259:
2224:
2189:
2162:
2135:
2092:
2065:
2038:
2003:
1976:
1949:
1922:
1879:
1852:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1290:
were in the middle of several orthographic dilemmas.
7328:
Wheeler, Max W.; Yates, Alan; Dols, Nicolau (1999).
5423:), literally in English 'broken cee', is a modified
2758:
254:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
7028:"Institut d'Estudis Catalans - Ortografia catalana"
1220:encompass the spelling and punctuation of standard
7254:
7250:Ortografía catalana. Institut des estudis catalans
7194:
7127:Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana
7000:The Architect of Modern Catalan: Selected writings
5105:, the most common, especially in Valencian, being
2723:) are also used in certain speeches of Valencian.
7257:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
6323: (toponym); before the name of the letters (
1721:(though the Catalan keyboard includes the letter
118:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
8889:
7327:
7221:
6069:in Balearic, the so called salted article, with
5398:as these forms don't receive a diaeresis on the
268:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
203:Knowledge:Pages needing translation into English
7307:Swan, Michael; Smith, Bernard (26 April 2001).
6946:El procés d'unificació de l'ortografia catalana
4619:with any other ending, including non-syllabic -
6144:In case of apostrophation, the specific forms
5091:in the Balearic subdialects. According to the
7714:
7394:
7102:
7100:
6685:
6672:
6666:
6652:
6646:
5820:). For example, the number 35,422 is written
5149:('to', preposition in colloquial Valencian).
4842:
4833:
1339:
1190:
5483:also appears as last letter of a word (e.g.
5402:normally, according to the exception above.
5161:has two different uses: to mark hiatus over
6696:In Valencian, most instances of word-final
6364:Diccionari de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans
5934:The following digraphs cannot be separated:
1316:to make a formal adoption of the so-called
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7721:
7707:
7401:
7387:
7298:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7097:
7022:
7020:
6982:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5785:) and certain singular constructions like
5405:
4342:
1197:
1183:
745:General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales
7088:
6957:
6311: (when referring to the time),
5184:that follows another vowel, it denotes a
4375:indicates that the vowel is stressed and
4363:indicates that the vowel is stressed and
1328:Diccionari General de la Llengua Catalana
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
8903:Indo-European Latin-script orthographies
6996:
6813:At the end of a word or a syllable only.
6809:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6775:
5741:); repetitive and expressive compounds (
4921:The ordinal numerals ending in stressed
7408:
7371:Articles related to Catalan orthography
7346:
7288:. University of California, Santa Cruz.
7283:
7233:
7188:
7176:
7058:
7037:. Institut d’Estudis Catalans. May 2017
7017:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6730:
5822:trenta-cinc mil quatre-cents vint-i-dos
5714:), to separate certain compounds (e.g.
5364:represents a rare case of the sequence
4980:, where it is pronounced with a closed
4531:ending in a syllabic vowel, a vowel + -
1418:and is largely based on the respective
14:
8890:
6913:In Insular Catalan, some instances of
6900:
6898:
6896:
6878:
6876:
5628:
5258:Certain verb forms of verbs ending in
4948:of some verbs of the 2nd conjugation (
7702:
7382:
7369:
7286:Systemic contrast and Catalan rhotics
6800:
6772:
3700:
1298:(IEC, founded in 1911) published the
7306:
7200:
6935:
6866:
6864:
6727:
6614:The distribution of the two rhotics
6609:
6247:; when the word start with a silent
5479:'thing'). In Catalan and Valencian,
5286:according to the normal rules (e.g.
2753:
258:. For the distinction between ,
147:
70:
29:
7351:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6960:Enciclopèdia de la Llengua Catalana
6893:
6873:
5435:mark ( ¸ ). It is only used before
4347:Catalan and Valencian also use the
27:Orthography of the Catalan language
24:
7447:
6997:Carreras, Joan Costa, ed. (2009).
6307:; before some specific terms like
6036:Catalan and Valencian follow some
5816:) and between units and hundreds (
5248:, i.e. as only one syllable, like
4682:('you are speaking' singular), or
4660:This does not occur in words like
4589:This does not occur in words like
4569:('that he spoke' past subjunctive)
725:Government of the Balearic Islands
108:for transliterated languages, and
88:of its non-English content, using
25:
8914:
7664:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
7166:Diccionari català-valencià-balear
7149:Diccionari català-valencià-balear
6958:Vallverdú, Francesc, ed. (2013).
6861:
6816:
5534:
5094:Diccionari català-valencià-balear
4894:'French'), the past participles (
2759:Spelling-to-sound correspondences
1739:. Outside loanwords, the letters
571:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
45:This article has multiple issues.
7330:Catalan: A Comprehensive Grammar
6049:The masculine singular article (
5672:is used for the palatal lateral
5660:, 'geminate el') to represent a
5558:'Monday', 'September', 'English'
4600:('you are speaking' plural), or
152:
75:
34:
7243:
7227:
7182:
7170:
7153:
7136:
7116:
7089:Altarriba, Núria (2013-01-24).
6907:
6219:The feminine singular article (
5176:If a diaeresis appears over an
4874:Words ending with the demonym -
4337:
1433:Catalan and Valencian alphabet
1304:in 1913 under the direction of
312:History of the Balearic Islands
250:International Phonetic Alphabet
53:or discuss these issues on the
7313:. Cambridge University Press.
7222:Wheeler, Yates & Dols 1999
7082:
7064:
6990:
6951:
6527:Does not take the apostrophe:
6061:, in Continental Catalan, and
5564:
4818:The different distribution of
4359:or vowel quality. An acute on
124:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
6928:
6822:Before a bilabial consonant (
6031:
5646:is only used in the sequence
5078:
4910:'committed') and adjectives (
4854:tends to be a centralised e (
4332:
1384:("fold, wrinkle", pronounced
1094:National symbols of Catalonia
7435:Geo-political distribution (
6401:(with silent h or without);
5606:'What do you propose, then?'
5169:is not silent in the groups
5152:
5109:(i.e. due to the elision of
4640:('you were speaking' plural)
1747:appear only in the digraphs
7:
8590:Ethiopian Semitic languages
7672:Institut d'Estudis Catalans
6870:At the beginning of a word.
6703:
6425:; before names of letters;
6227: and dialectally
5003:The infinitives ending in -
1775:and the word-final digraph
1397:
1296:Institut d'Estudis Catalans
579:Institut d'Estudis Catalans
10:
8919:
7990:Phonology & ortography
7093:. Biblioteca de Catalunya.
6942:Badia i Margarit, Antoni M
6638:, in which case appears.
5773:plus substantive (but not
5305:between a velar consonant
5121:'pyrotechnic festivals'),
4858:) in the same cases where
2775:
2768:
2762:
1414:alphabet derives from the
1247:
705:General Council of Andorra
8861:
8838:
8804:
8781:
8753:
8704:
8681:
8648:
8620:
8560:
8526:
8493:
8410:
8325:
8295:
8223:
8185:
8048:
8025:
7952:
7882:
7804:
7795:
7740:
7655:
7544:
7458:
7445:
7420:
7376:
7269:10.1017/S0025100300004618
5737:); cardinal points (e.g.
5697:
5616:Questions are ended with
5226:('Swiss' masculine), but
5103:⟨â ê î ô û⟩
4296:
4278:
4238:
4219:
4200:
4106:
4088:
4048:
4029:
3916:
3857:
3799:
3780:
3733:
3681:
3662:
3632:
3613:
3594:
3573:
3506:
3465:
3439:
3434:
3419:
3390:
3229:
3199:
3134:
3116:
3098:
3080:
3062:
3044:
2994:
2919:
2901:
2882:
2853:
2835:
2811:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1402:Like those of many other
1364:; the monosyllabic words
1358:is now generally spelled
1284:Acadèmia de Bones Lletres
1033:Music and performing arts
342:Principality of Catalonia
7483:Spelling-to-sound charts
7349:The Phonology Of Catalan
7347:Wheeler, Max W. (2005).
6720:
6693:'the heart is moving').
6435:el plural de alt és alts
6180:are broken and become a
5810:Desenes-Unitats-Centenes
5031:'to seem', but uniquely
3444:and letter combinations
1767:, except in the digraph
1427:ISO basic Latin alphabet
735:Generalitat of Catalonia
499:Spelling-to-sound charts
7332:. New York: Routledge.
7123:Guia d'usos lingüístics
7107:Estàndard oral valencià
6710:Catalan manual alphabet
6684:'queen of my heart' vs
6057:, and dialectally also
5678:Fabra's standardization
4343:Acute and grave accents
755:Generalitat of Valencia
699:Government and politics
607:Geo-political divisions
246:phonetic transcriptions
173:enhance the translation
7452:
7284:Padgett, Jaye (2003).
6686:
6673:
6667:
6653:
6647:
5845:cannot be separated.)
5413:Catalan and Valencian
5378:arguïm /arguˈim/, i.e.
5278:, all with bisyllabic
5171:⟨gü, qü⟩
4843:
4834:
4693:('they are speaking').
1389:
1379:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1340:
469:Dialects and varieties
369:Treaty of the Pyrenees
243:This article contains
8073:Classical orthography
7907:Standard Written Form
7689: (IRL & FRL)
7451:
6834:), before a palatal (
5437:⟨a u o⟩
5297:In addition to this,
4746:('it' impersonal) vs
2784:pluricentric language
2776:Further information:
834:Fogueres de Sant Joan
770:Valencian nationalism
359:Catalan constitutions
322:History of Roussillon
197:to the bottom of the
167:from another language
8143:Montenegrin alphabet
7686:Fundació Ramon Llull
6904:After another vowel.
6216: respectively.
5783:nacions no violentes
5769:), the construction
5596:Què proposes, doncs?
5501:'sickle'), but then
5368:, and the rules for
5237:('Swiss' feminine),
5163:⟨ï, ü⟩
4671:('he is speaking'),
4653:('we were speaking')
4611:('we are speaking').
1727:as a separate key).
1420:language's phonology
1306:Antoni Maria Alcover
1301:Normes ortogràfiques
1242:Balearic subdialects
1167:Himne de l'Exposició
841:Gegants i capgrossos
593:Fundació Ramon Llull
374:Nueva Planta decrees
317:History of Catalonia
86:specify the language
84:This article should
6846:), before a velar (
5165:, and to mark that
4389:⟨í ú⟩
4373:⟨è ò⟩
4361:⟨é ó⟩
1434:
1388:) are both written
1370:("dry", pronounced
1341:Ortografia catalana
1252:The history of the
665:Pyrénées-Orientales
352:Kingdom of Valencia
332:History of Valencia
327:History of Sardinia
7453:
6678:/ˈrejnədəlˈmewˈkɔr
6622:closely parallels
6437:; before a liquid
5670:⟨ll⟩
5648:⟨ŀl⟩
5389:argüint /arˈgwint/
5360:Forms of the verb
5323:⟨qu⟩
5319:⟨gu⟩
4764:('you' clitic) vs
4582:('he understands')
4541:⟨in⟩
4537:⟨en⟩
4371:), while grave on
1815:Standard Valencian
1432:
1319:Normes de Castelló
1078:Sport in Catalonia
862:Saint George's Day
669:Northern Catalonia
347:Kingdom of Majorca
302:History of Andorra
8885:
8884:
8879:
8878:
8321:
8320:
8170:Cyrillic alphabet
8133:Cyrillic alphabet
8063:Cyrillic alphabet
7912:Kernowek Standard
7734:world's languages
7696:
7695:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7533:
7520:Personal pronouns
7320:978-0-521-77939-5
6969:978-84-297-5026-3
6698:⟨r⟩
6674:reina del meu cor
6663:⟨r⟩
6659:⟨r⟩
6643:⟨r⟩
6610:Other conventions
5755:⟨x⟩
5751:⟨s⟩
5747:⟨r⟩
5668:, as the digraph
5386:argüir /arˈgwir/,
5382:arguïa /arguˈia/,
5331:⟨e⟩
5327:⟨i⟩
5299:⟨ü⟩
5182:⟨u⟩
5178:⟨i⟩
5167:⟨u⟩
5107:⟨â⟩
4984:in all speeches (
4625:⟨u⟩
4621:⟨i⟩
4533:⟨s⟩
4385:⟨à⟩
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
3851:
3850:
2778:Catalan phonology
2754:Spelling patterns
2673:
2672:
1735:are used only in
1659:
1658:
1404:Romance languages
1271:expressed in his
1262:Romance languages
1207:
1206:
1152:El Gran Carlemany
848:Moros i cristians
793:Myths and legends
686:Catalan Countries
559:
553:
546:
544:Personal pronouns
539:
522:
515:
501:
494:
487:
307:History of Aragon
239:
238:
231:
221:
220:
206:
183:
146:
145:
126:may also be used.
68:
16:(Redirected from
8910:
8898:Catalan language
7802:
7801:
7723:
7716:
7709:
7700:
7699:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7559:Northern Catalan
7529:
7473:Phonetic history
7403:
7396:
7389:
7380:
7379:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7343:
7324:
7303:
7297:
7289:
7280:
7237:
7231:
7225:
7219:
7204:
7198:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7174:
7168:
7157:
7151:
7140:
7134:
7120:
7114:
7104:
7095:
7094:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7076:sites.google.com
7068:
7062:
7056:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7032:
7024:
7015:
7014:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6981:
6973:
6955:
6949:
6939:
6922:
6920:
6917:are realised as
6911:
6905:
6902:
6891:
6889:
6886:has merged into
6885:
6880:
6871:
6868:
6859:
6849:
6837:
6825:
6820:
6814:
6811:
6798:
6787:
6770:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6700:are pronounced.
6699:
6692:
6689:
6683:
6676:
6670:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6650:
6644:
6621:
6617:
6514:me n'ha dut tres
6377:The preposition
6337:la Scala de Milà
6212:) and
6133:(or dialectally
6113:; with a liquid
6093:; with a silent
5777:plus adjective,
5756:
5752:
5748:
5693:
5686:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5649:
5530:
5526:
5520:('happily') and
5519:
5515:
5508:
5500:
5493:
5489:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5463:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5430:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5355:
5351:
5342:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5281:
5254:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5214:
5210:
5201:
5197:
5183:
5179:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5035:'to grow') and -
4857:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4824:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4741:
4727:
4723:
4714:
4710:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4666:
4652:
4648:
4639:
4635:
4626:
4622:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4564:
4555:
4551:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4519:
4515:
4501:
4497:
4483:
4479:
4466:
4452:
4448:
4434:
4430:
4408:
4404:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4370:
4362:
4322:
4303:
4299:
4281:
4245:
4241:
4222:
4203:
4193:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4109:
4091:
4055:
4051:
4032:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3919:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3855:
3854:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3802:
3783:
3764:
3741:
3736:
3703:
3684:
3665:
3639:
3635:
3616:
3597:
3576:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3513:
3509:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3422:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3232:
3206:
3202:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3137:
3119:
3101:
3083:
3065:
3047:
3022:
3018:
3013:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2922:
2904:
2885:
2860:
2856:
2838:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2771:Help:IPA/Catalan
2741:
2737:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2669:
2659:
2642:
2632:
2615:
2611:
2597:
2593:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2554:
2537:
2533:
2519:
2515:
2494:
2484:
2467:
2457:
2440:
2436:
2422:
2405:
2401:
2387:
2370:
2360:
2343:
2333:
2316:
2306:
2289:
2285:
2271:
2254:
2250:
2236:
2219:
2215:
2201:
2184:
2174:
2157:
2147:
2130:
2126:
2112:
2108:
2087:
2077:
2060:
2050:
2033:
2029:
2015:
1998:
1988:
1971:
1961:
1944:
1934:
1917:
1913:
1899:
1895:
1874:
1864:
1824:
1823:
1807:Standard Catalan
1782:
1435:
1431:
1387:
1373:
1343:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1132:Balearic Islands
1107:Balearic Islands
715:Courts of Aragon
628:Balearic Islands
555:
549:
542:
535:
518:
511:
497:
490:
485:Phonetic history
483:
364:Furs of Valencia
289:
286:
275:
274:
265:
261:
234:
227:
216:
213:
207:
196:
194:
191:
177:
156:
148:
141:
138:
132:
117:
111:
107:
101:
97:
91:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Catalan alphabet
8918:
8917:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8888:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8880:
8875:
8857:
8834:
8807:Native American
8800:
8777:
8749:
8700:
8677:
8644:
8616:
8556:
8522:
8489:
8406:
8317:
8291:
8219:
8181:
8129:Serbo-Croatian
8044:
8021:
7948:
7939:Scottish Gaelic
7922:Unified Cornish
7902:Kernewek Kemmyn
7878:
7791:
7736:
7727:
7697:
7692:
7683: and
7651:
7561:(Roussillonese)
7554:Central Catalan
7540:
7454:
7443:
7437:Països Catalans
7416:
7407:
7372:
7359:
7340:
7321:
7291:
7290:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7232:
7228:
7220:
7207:
7199:
7195:
7187:
7183:
7175:
7171:
7158:
7154:
7141:
7137:
7121:
7117:
7105:
7098:
7087:
7083:
7070:
7069:
7065:
7057:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7018:
7011:
6995:
6991:
6975:
6974:
6970:
6956:
6952:
6940:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6912:
6908:
6903:
6894:
6881:
6874:
6869:
6862:
6821:
6817:
6812:
6801:
6788:
6773:
6739:
6728:
6723:
6715:Catalan Braille
6706:
6697:
6662:
6658:
6642:
6624:that of Spanish
6612:
6568:se vos esperava
6034:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5700:
5669:
5647:
5634:
5567:
5537:
5518:/feˌlizˈmen(t)/
5514:/fəˌlizˈmen(t)/
5502:
5436:
5424:
5411:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5298:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5106:
5102:
5081:
5055:'to convince').
4862:contrasts with
4624:
4620:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4388:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4306:
4162:
4134:
3959:
3935:
3353:
3334:
3319:
3275:
2953:
2938:
2788:Eastern Catalan
2780:
2774:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2730:("high b") and
1400:
1376:Central Catalan
1250:
1203:
1174:
1173:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1034:
1026:
1025:
979:
971:
970:
961:Joaquim Sorolla
936:
928:
927:
915:Pa amb tomàquet
895:Catalan cuisine
890:
882:
881:
788:
780:
779:
762:
700:
692:
691:
682:
608:
600:
599:
596:(IRL & FRL)
454:
446:
445:
387:
379:
378:
337:Crown of Aragon
297:
288:cultural domain
287:
278:
273:
272:
271:
235:
224:
223:
222:
217:
211:
208:
195:
192:
188:subst:Needtrans
185:
184:
176:
171:Please help to
170:
163:may be a rough
157:
142:
136:
133:
127:
115:
109:
105:
103:transliteration
99:
95:
89:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8916:
8906:
8905:
8900:
8883:
8882:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8867:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8850:
8848:Haitian Creole
8844:
8842:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8811:
8809:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8793:
8787:
8785:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8711:
8709:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8687:
8685:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8652:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8626:
8624:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8603:
8602:
8592:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8572:
8566:
8564:
8558:
8557:
8555:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8533:
8531:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8499:
8497:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8416:
8414:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8342:
8337:
8331:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8299:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8229:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8191:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8175:Latin alphabet
8172:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8140:
8138:Latin alphabet
8135:
8127:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8068:Latin alphabet
8065:
8054:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8031:
8029:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7984:
7979:
7977:Istro-Romanian
7974:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7917:Modern Cornish
7914:
7909:
7904:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7859:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7752:
7747:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7726:
7725:
7718:
7711:
7703:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7676:
7668:
7659:
7657:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7649:
7646:Judaeo-Catalan
7643:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7606:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7562:
7556:
7550:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7522:
7517:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7464:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7446:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7406:
7405:
7398:
7391:
7383:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7364:
7363:
7357:
7344:
7338:
7325:
7319:
7304:
7281:
7263:(1–2): 53–56.
7252:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7226:
7224:, p. 620.
7205:
7193:
7181:
7169:
7152:
7135:
7115:
7096:
7081:
7063:
7048:
7016:
7010:978-9027289247
7009:
6989:
6968:
6950:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6906:
6892:
6872:
6860:
6815:
6799:
6771:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6705:
6702:
6691:/əlˈkɔɾəzˈmɔw/
6628:alveolar trill
6611:
6608:
6592:la humitejarem
6564:se us esperava
6470:l'aconseguiria
6451:
6450:
6411:de uombat
6375:
6374:
6301:la universitat
6047:
6046:
6038:apostrophation
6033:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6006:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5854:
5853:
5699:
5696:
5657:el(e) geminada
5633:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5578:cometes baixes
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5536:
5535:Capitalization
5533:
5531:('left arm').
5529:/ˈbɾazesˈkɛre/
5525:/ˈbɾazəsˈkɛrə/
5439:to indicate a
5410:
5404:
5358:
5357:
5344:
5217:
5216:
5203:
5154:
5151:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5074:'you pl. did'.
5056:
5023:'to deserve',
5001:
4992:'understand',
4964:'comprehend',
4942:
4919:
4771:('s/he has'),
4732:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4716:
4700:proparoxytones
4695:
4694:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4641:
4613:
4612:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4570:
4557:
4522:
4521:
4503:
4485:
4468:
4454:
4436:
4410:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4304:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4247:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4160:
4151:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4057:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4007:
3998:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3957:
3948:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3894:
3889:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3831:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3640:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3477:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3398:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3351:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3297:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3170:
3161:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3023:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2966:
2951:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2763:Main article:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2559:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1847:Pronunciation
1845:
1842:
1841:Pronunciation
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1416:Latin alphabet
1399:
1396:
1269:Ramon Muntaner
1249:
1246:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:Coats of Arms
1121:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:Rumba catalana
1055:
1048:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
937:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
801:
800:
795:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:Catalanophobia
752:
742:
732:
722:
712:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
677:
672:
662:
652:
647:
646:
645:
640:
635:
625:
615:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
583:
575:
566:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
547:
540:
525:
524:
523:
516:
504:
503:
502:
495:
488:
471:
466:
461:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
437:
436:
426:
421:
420:
419:
414:
409:
399:
394:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
355:
354:
349:
344:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
266:⟩, see
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
219:
218:
160:
158:
151:
144:
143:
122:. Knowledge's
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8915:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8864:
8860:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8808:
8803:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8784:
8780:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8703:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8688:
8686:
8684:
8680:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8623:
8619:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8559:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8525:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8496:
8495:Tungus—Manchu
8492:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8409:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8324:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8294:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8263:
8259:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8028:
8024:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7797:Indo-European
7794:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7750:Orthographies
7748:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7730:Orthographies
7724:
7719:
7717:
7712:
7710:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7681:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:Organizations
7654:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7616:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7565:North-Western
7563:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7505:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7468:Pronunciation
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7450:
7440:
7438:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7404:
7399:
7397:
7392:
7390:
7385:
7384:
7381:
7375:
7368:
7360:
7358:0-19-925814-7
7354:
7350:
7345:
7341:
7339:0-415-20777-0
7335:
7331:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7312:
7311:
7305:
7301:
7295:
7287:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7235:
7234:Padgett (2003
7230:
7223:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7203:, p. 97.
7202:
7197:
7190:
7189:Wheeler (2005
7185:
7178:
7177:Wheeler (2005
7173:
7167:
7163:
7162:
7156:
7150:
7146:
7145:
7139:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7119:
7113:, AVL, p. 36.
7112:
7108:
7103:
7101:
7092:
7085:
7077:
7073:
7067:
7060:
7059:Wheeler (2005
7055:
7053:
7036:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7012:
7006:
7002:
7001:
6993:
6985:
6979:
6971:
6965:
6962:. Barcelona.
6961:
6954:
6947:
6943:
6938:
6934:
6916:
6910:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6879:
6877:
6867:
6865:
6857:
6855:
6845:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6819:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6796:
6792:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6768:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6726:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6701:
6694:
6688:
6687:el cor es mou
6681:
6675:
6671:('heart') in
6669:
6655:
6649:
6639:
6637:
6636:prosodic unit
6633:
6629:
6625:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6582:or without):
6581:
6578:(with silent
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6530:The pronouns
6528:
6525:
6523:
6522:te'l emportes
6519:
6518:te l'emportes
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6454:
6449:Weak pronouns
6448:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6423:de ouija
6420:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6344:l'anormalitat
6340:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5712:menjar-se-les
5709:
5705:
5695:
5694:('eyebrow').
5690:
5683:
5679:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5631:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5523:
5522:braç esquerre
5512:
5506:
5497:
5486:
5482:
5471:
5460:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5363:
5348:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5316:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5240:
5229:
5222:
5207:
5204:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5188:, examples:
5187:
5174:
5160:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5000:'switch on').
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4918:'courteous').
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4845:
4841:(Catalan) vs
4836:
4828:
4821:
4816:
4814:
4813:function word
4803:
4800:('woman') vs
4792:
4785:
4782:('month') vs
4774:
4767:
4756:
4749:
4738:
4720:
4717:
4715:('chemistry')
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4685:
4674:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4645:
4642:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4603:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4574:
4571:
4561:
4558:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:and acute on
4378:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4353:grave accents
4350:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4248:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4152:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4008:
3999:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3949:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3832:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3785:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3333:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3162:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2952:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:Catalan is a
2779:
2772:
2766:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1866:
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479:Pronunciation
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8791:Massachusett
8755:Austronesian
7966:
7869:West Frisian
7775:Prepositions
7749:
7684:
7678:
7670:
7662:
7641:Catalan Caló
7489:
7436:
7348:
7329:
7309:
7285:
7260:
7256:
7244:Bibliography
7229:
7196:
7184:
7172:
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7130:
7126:
7122:
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7075:
7066:
7039:. Retrieved
7035:oiec.iec.cat
7034:
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6640:
6632:alveolar tap
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6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6376:
6371:
6370:Preposition
6363:
6359:
6355:
6352:l'atipicitat
6351:
6348:l'amoralitat
6347:
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6336:
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6257:l'holografia
6256:
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6020:l'a-plicació
6019:
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5814:quaranta-dos
5813:
5809:
5807:
5803:fisicoquímic
5802:
5798:
5795:
5790:
5787:abans-d'ahir
5786:
5782:
5779:no-violència
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5688:
5687:('cell') vs
5681:
5656:
5652:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5621:
5617:
5601:
5595:
5581:
5577:
5568:
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5549:
5545:
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5458:
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5440:
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5412:
5406:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5361:
5359:
5346:
5343:('ointment')
5341:/uŋˈɡwen(t)/
5337:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5249:
5238:
5227:
5220:
5218:
5205:
5192:
5175:
5156:
5146:
5145:'to exit'),
5142:
5141:(instead of
5138:
5137:'to fear'),
5134:
5133:(instead of
5130:
5126:
5125:(instead of
5122:
5118:
5117:(instead of
5114:
5092:
5082:
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4911:
4907:
4903:
4902:'admitted',
4899:
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4879:
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4859:
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4718:
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4702:, examples:
4683:
4672:
4661:
4643:
4630:
4627:, examples:
4601:
4590:
4572:
4559:
4556:('he spoke')
4546:
4543:, examples:
4523:
4507:
4505:
4489:
4487:
4471:
4470:
4458:
4456:
4440:
4438:
4435:('interest')
4422:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4397:
4395:
4383:). Grave on
4346:
4338:Accentuation
4317:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4285:
4284:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4257:
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4227:
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3210:
3209:
3189:
3187:
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3179:
3173:
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3141:
3140:
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3122:
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3104:
3087:
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3069:
3068:
3051:
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3026:
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2999:
2998:
2984:
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2716:
2708:
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2692:
2684:
2676:
2674:
2662:
2652:
2635:
2625:
2604:
2600:
2586:
2582:
2561:
2557:/ˈbeˈdobːlə/
2553:/ˈveˈdobːlə/
2547:
2526:
2522:
2508:
2504:
2487:
2477:
2460:
2450:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2363:
2353:
2336:
2326:
2309:
2299:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2177:
2167:
2150:
2140:
2119:
2115:
2101:
2097:
2080:
2070:
2053:
2043:
2022:
2018:
2008:
1991:
1981:
1964:
1954:
1937:
1927:
1906:
1902:
1888:
1884:
1867:
1857:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1779:(pronounced
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1424:
1401:
1337:
1326:
1324:
1317:
1310:Pompeu Fabra
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:Floral Games
1283:
1281:
1277:
1266:
1251:
1232:(set by the
1224:(set by the
1214:
1210:
1208:
1157:Els Segadors
1057:
1050:
1043:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
946:Antoni Gaudí
920:
913:
906:
899:
876:Tió de Nadal
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
763:
683:
591:
585:
577:
569:
506:
262:and ⟨
244:
225:
209:
186:{{
179:
162:
134:
120:ISO 639 code
116:}}
110:{{
106:}}
100:{{
96:}}
90:{{
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
8863:Constructed
8622:Niger–Congo
8562:Afroasiatic
8420:Azerbaijani
8353:orthography
8118:orthography
8103:orthography
7862:orthography
7765:Determiners
7745:Phonologies
7675: (IEC)
7667: (AVL)
7531:Conjugation
7490:Orthography
7041:25 December
6651:'fear' but
6560:vos el done
6466:s'estimaran
6362:, etc. The
6356:l'asimetria
6265:s'horabaixa
6176:) and
6123:l'Stuttgart
5992:des-encolar
5759:penya-segat
5739:sud-americà
5731:trenta-sisè
5565:Punctuation
5481:ce trencada
5468:'cake' and
5416:ce trencada
5409:(c-cedilla)
5407:Ce trencada
5315:front vowel
5301:represents
5119:mascletades
5015:'to know',
4996:'pretend',
4933:('fifth'),
4886:'English',
4728:('science')
4651:/paɾˈlavem/
4647:/pəɾˈlabəm/
4638:/paɾˈlavew/
4634:/pəɾˈlabəw/
4617:Paroxytones
2571:/ˈbeˈdoble/
2567:/ˈveˈdoble/
2536:/ˈbeˈbajʃa/
2129:/ˈiʎaˈtina/
2111:/ˈiʎəˈtinə/
1844:Name (AVL)
1838:Name (IEC)
1759:. However,
1052:Rock català
1018:Noucentisme
941:Catalan art
557:Conjugation
507:Orthography
201:section on
165:translation
8892:Categories
8853:Papiamento
8740:Vietnamese
8707:East Asian
8344:Hungarian
8253:Hindustani
8225:Indo-Aryan
8090:Macedonian
8058:Belarusian
8040:Lithuanian
8002:Portuguese
7760:Adjectives
7570:Ribagorçan
7430:Literature
7161:circumflex
6929:References
6588:la hi pren
6556:us el dono
6462:n'abastava
6297:la humitat
6261:n'Hermínia
6032:Apostrophe
5996:vos-altres
5988:mil-hòmens
5959:pe-lle-ter
5925:in-no-cent
5913:despat-xar
5830:Cor-randes
5818:tres-cents
5799:arxienemic
5727:trenta-sis
5706:(called a
5639:punt volat
5630:Punt volat
5574:Guillemets
5396:/argwiˈre/
5354:/kwestiˈo/
5350:/kwəstiˈo/
5255:'kings').
5215:('coffin')
5129:'to go'),
5115:mascletâes
5085:circumflex
5079:Circumflex
5066:'we did',
5047:'to win',
4988:'attend',
4941:('sixth').
4789:('more'),
4726:/siˈɛnsia/
4722:/siˈɛnsiə/
4467:('nearby')
4465:/ˈpɾɔksim/
4453:('to run')
4433:/inteˈɾes/
4429:/intəˈɾɛs/
4333:Diacritics
3871:Valencian
3455:Valencian
2825:Valencian
2813:Consonants
2726:The names
2675:The names
2641:/ˈiˈɡɾeɡa/
2631:/ˈiˈɡɾeɡə/
2518:/ˈbeˈbaʃə/
1916:/ˈbeˈalta/
1898:/ˈbeˈaltə/
1833:Valencian
1576:Lower case
1439:Upper case
1215:Valencian
1045:Nova cançó
1011:Modernisme
1004:Renaixença
997:Decadència
990:Segle d'or
984:Literature
978:Literature
855:Muixeranga
798:Traditions
787:Traditions
464:Literature
441:Valencians
429:Sardinians
212:March 2023
137:March 2023
50:improve it
8871:Esperanto
8820:Inuktitut
8730:Mongolian
8673:Malayalam
8650:Dravidian
8380:Mordvinic
8265:Maldivian
8165:Ukrainian
8080:Bulgarian
7962:Aromanian
7849:Norwegian
7844:Icelandic
7814:Afrikaans
7604:Alguerese
7577:Valencian
7546:Varieties
7478:IPA guide
7414:Valencian
7294:cite book
7277:249411809
7201:Swan 2001
7111:L'alfabet
6978:cite book
6596:la usàvem
6584:la ignora
6486:compra'ns
6443:de Stalin
6415:de iogurt
6391:d'humitat
6360:l'asèpsia
6305:la imatge
6295:or not):
6279:or not):
6135:lo iogurt
6127:el iogurt
6024:histò-ria
6016:aber-rant
5984:ben-estar
5980:in-expert
5838:as-sas-sí
5791:adéu-siau
5716:vint-i-un
5662:geminated
5511:feliçment
5494:'happy',
5356:('topic')
5276:traduiria
5202:('grape')
5159:diaeresis
5153:Diaeresis
5053:convéncer
5049:convèncer
4956:'learn',
4908:compromés
4904:compromès
4848:/aŋˈɡles/
4839:/əŋˈɡlɛs/
4713:/ˈkimika/
4709:/ˈkimikə/
4691:/ˈpaɾlen/
4687:/ˈpaɾlən/
4680:/ˈpaɾles/
4676:/ˈpaɾləs/
4609:/paɾˈlɛm/
4605:/pəɾˈlɛm/
4598:/paɾˈlɛw/
4594:/pəɾˈlɛw/
4567:/paɾˈles/
4563:/pəɾˈles/
4500:/pasˈtis/
4496:/pəsˈtis/
4365:close-mid
3865:Spelling
3449:Spelling
2819:Spelling
2796:Valencian
2120:i llatina
2102:i llatina
1783:), e. g.
1737:loanwords
1412:Valencian
1273:Chronicle
1258:Valencian
1238:Alguerese
1230:Valencian
1137:Catalonia
1112:Catalonia
956:Joan Miró
908:Ensaïmada
650:Catalonia
622:La Franja
492:IPA guide
434:Alguerese
417:Minorcans
412:Majorcans
402:Balearics
397:Aragonese
392:Andorrans
284:Valencian
56:talk page
8815:Cherokee
8768:Hawaiian
8763:Filipino
8696:Okinawan
8691:Japanese
8600:Biblical
8574:Aramaic
8552:Georgian
8529:European
8370:Livonian
8360:Karelian
8348:alphabet
8335:Estonian
8308:Armenian
8303:Albanian
8248:Gurmukhi
8243:Gujarati
8125:Silesian
8113:alphabet
8109:Russian
8098:alphabet
8012:Sicilian
8007:Romanian
7995:alphabet
7857:alphabet
7853:Swedish
7806:Germanic
7780:Pronouns
7755:Grammars
7680:Institut
7629:Minorcan
7622:Majorcan
7609:Balearic
7592:Southern
7582:Northern
7495:Alphabet
7129:, 2002.
6704:See also
6482:fondre's
6478:trenca'l
6458:m'agrada
6387:d'enveja
6281:la hiena
6233:l'emoció
6204:),
6196:),
6188:),
6168:),
6160:),
6152:),
6087:n'Albert
6079:l'encant
5976:ad-herir
5895:), tll (
5875:), l·l (
5873:es-ce-na
5834:calit-ja
5781:but the
5767:mà-llarg
5763:pit-roig
5720:para-sol
5685:/ˈsɛlːa/
5650:(called
5632:(middot)
5582:« »
5550:setembre
5507:⟩
5503:⟨
5492:/feˈlis/
5488:/fəˈlis/
5457:'kick',
5429:⟩
5425:⟨
5272:traduiré
5268:traduint
5253:/ˈrei̯s/
5246:/ˈsui̯s/
5235:/suˈisa/
5231:/suˈisə/
5113:), e.g.
5029:paréixer
5025:parèixer
5021:meréixer
5017:merèixer
5013:conéixer
5009:conèixer
4864:closed e
4827:closed e
4753:('is'),
4669:/ˈpaɾla/
4665:/ˈpaɾlə/
4644:parlàvem
4631:parlàveu
4580:/enˈten/
4576:/ənˈten/
4554:/paɾˈla/
4550:/pəɾˈla/
4529:Oxytones
4520:('fool')
4518:/paˈʎus/
4514:/pəˈʎus/
4484:('soul')
4482:/ˈanima/
4478:/ˈanimə/
4451:/ˈkoreɾ/
4409:('also')
4407:/tamˈbe/
4403:/təmˈbe/
4377:open-mid
4355:to mark
3874:Example
3868:Catalan
3458:Example
3452:Catalan
3442:digraphs
2828:Example
2822:Catalan
2732:ve baixa
2562:ve doble
2548:ve doble
2527:ve baixa
2509:ve baixa
2156:/ˈdʒota/
1830:Catalan
1398:Alphabet
1314:Castelló
1240:and the
1148:Anthems
1142:Valencia
1117:Valencia
820:Correfoc
813:Castells
759:Politics
749:Politics
739:Politics
729:Politics
719:Politics
709:Politics
680:Valencia
675:L'Alguer
659:El Carxe
587:Institut
513:Alphabet
453:Language
424:Catalans
260:/ /
256:Help:IPA
199:WP:PNTCU
8825:Nahuatl
8715:Chinese
8683:Japonic
8668:Kannada
8607:Maltese
8578:Aramaic
8470:Turkmen
8465:Turkish
8430:Crimean
8425:Bashkir
8340:Finnish
8277:Marathi
8233:Bengali
8210:Persian
8200:Kurdish
8195:Avestan
8187:Iranian
8160:Sorbian
8155:Slovene
8094:Polish
8035:Latvian
8017:Spanish
7982:Italian
7967:Catalan
7954:Romance
7897:Cornish
7874:Yiddish
7834:Faroese
7829:English
7732:of the
7599:Insular
7587:Central
7507:Morpho-
7500:Braille
7460:Grammar
7425:History
7410:Catalan
7133:, p. 40
6858:), etc.
6848:/n/→/ŋ/
6836:/n/→/ɲ/
6824:/n/→/m/
6789:Before
6746:/p,t,k/
6742:/b,d,ɡ/
6594:,
6590:,
6586:,
6562:,
6554::
6550:,
6546:,
6542:,
6538:,
6520:, not *
6508:,
6504:,
6500:,
6496:,
6492:,
6484:,
6480:,
6476:,
6474:menja'n
6468:,
6464:,
6460:,
6421:,
6413:,
6409:,
6407:de ioga
6405:,
6403:de iode
6389:,
6385:,
6383:d'aigua
6333:la essa
6331:,
6327:,
6321:la Haia
6319:,
6317:la host
6315:,
6303:,
6299:,
6255:,
6253:l'heura
6245:n'Elena
6241:l'aigua
6237:l'ungla
6235:,
6223:,
6208:(dial.
6200:(dial.
6192:(dial.
6184:(dial.
6172:(dial.
6164:(dial.
6156:(dial.
6148:(dial.
6139:lo iode
6131:el iode
6121:,
6117:, e.g.
6109:,
6105:,
6101:,
6097:, e.g.
6091:s'arbre
6085:,
6081:,
6077:,
6053:,
6045:Article
6012:d'a-mor
5957:), ll (
5955:ba-teig
5953:), ig (
5951:pa-quet
5949:), qu (
5945:), ny (
5943:jo-guet
5923:), nn (
5921:im-mens
5919:), mm (
5915:), tz (
5911:), tx (
5909:pot-ser
5907:), ts (
5903:), tn (
5899:), tm (
5897:rot-llo
5891:), tl (
5889:pit-xer
5887:), tx (
5883:), tg (
5881:jut-jat
5879:), tj (
5871:), sc (
5869:pas-sar
5867:), ss (
5865:car-rer
5863:), rr (
5861:quei-xa
5743:xup-xup
5708:guionet
5692:/ˈseʎa/
5546:dilluns
5499:/ˈfals/
5477:/ˈkɔza/
5473:/ˈkɔzə/
5466:/ˈkoka/
5462:/ˈkokə/
5455:/ˈkosa/
5451:/ˈkosə/
5433:cedilla
5431:with a
5393:argüiré
5347:qüestió
5338:ungüent
5292:traduïa
5288:traduïm
5264:traduir
5242:/ˈsuis/
5224:/suˈis/
5213:/taˈut/
5209:/təˈut/
5200:/raˈim/
5196:/rəˈim/
5033:créixer
4962:comprén
4958:comprèn
4892:francés
4888:francès
4809:/ˈdona/
4805:/ˈdonə/
4798:/ˈdɔna/
4794:/ˈdɔnə/
4719:ciència
4706:química
4502:('pie')
4447:/ˈkorə/
3435:
3346:,
3342:,
3338:,
3327:,
3323:,
2961:,
2957:,
2946:,
2942:,
2728:be alta
2715:), and
2668:/ˈzeta/
2658:/ˈzetə/
2636:i grega
2626:i grega
2614:/ˈʃejʃ/
2146:/ˈʒɔtə/
1907:be alta
1889:be alta
1827:Letter
1408:Catalan
1286:or the
1254:Catalan
1248:History
1222:Catalan
1211:Catalan
1127:Andorra
1102:Andorra
1088:Symbols
889:Cuisine
869:Sardana
806:Caganer
766:Catalan
643:Minorca
638:Majorca
613:Andorra
528:Morpho-
520:Braille
474:Grammar
459:History
407:Ibizans
296:History
280:Catalan
248:in the
129:See why
8840:Creole
8805:other
8796:Ojibwe
8725:Korean
8719:Dungan
8705:other
8663:Telugu
8612:Somali
8595:Hebrew
8583:Syriac
8570:Arabic
8547:Dargwa
8542:Basque
8537:Abkhaz
8527:other
8513:Manchu
8508:Evenki
8475:Uyghur
8450:Kyrgyz
8445:Khakas
8440:Kazakh
8435:Gagauz
8412:Turkic
8402:Udmurt
8390:Erzyan
8385:Moksha
8327:Uralic
8287:Romani
8270:Thaana
8238:Chakma
8205:Pashto
8150:Slovak
8050:Slavic
8027:Baltic
7986:Latin
7972:French
7892:Breton
7884:Celtic
7839:German
7819:Danish
7615:Ibizan
7510:syntax
7355:
7336:
7317:
7275:
7144:accent
7007:
6966:
6748:(e.g.
6740:Final
6431:de hac
6329:la hac
6313:la ira
6309:la una
6291:(with
6275:(with
6202:per s'
6198:per l'
6111:s'home
6099:l'home
6075:l'avió
5947:pe-nya
5917:set-ze
5905:cot-na
5901:rit-me
5893:vet-la
5885:fet-ge
5877:vil-la
5757:(e.g.
5729:, and
5704:hyphen
5698:Hyphen
5664:sound
5644:middot
5554:anglès
5441:soft c
5366:/ɡu.i/
5362:argüir
5313:and a
5228:suïssa
5186:hiatus
5143:sortir
5099:French
5045:véncer
5041:vèncer
4994:pretén
4931:cinqué
4927:cinquè
4916:cortés
4912:cortès
4884:anglés
4880:anglès
4860:open e
4844:anglés
4835:anglès
4820:open e
4787:/ˈmes/
4780:/ˈmes/
4776:/ˈmɛs/
4684:parlen
4673:parles
4602:parlem
4591:parleu
4560:parlés
4535:, or -
4357:stress
3859:Vowels
3731:tl(l)
3512:/it͡ʃ/
2794:) and
2721:/ˈesa/
2713:/ˈera/
2705:/ˈena/
2697:/ˈema/
2689:/ˈela/
2681:/ˈefa/
2610:/ˈiks/
2596:/ˈʃeʃ/
2592:/ˈiks/
2435:/ˈese/
2421:/ˈesə/
2400:/ˈere/
2386:/ˈɛrə/
2284:/ˈene/
2270:/ˈenə/
2249:/ˈeme/
2235:/ˈemə/
2214:/ˈele/
2200:/ˈelə/
2059:/ˈdʒe/
2028:/ˈefe/
2014:/ˈefə/
1813:) and
1406:, the
1378:) and
1228:) and
1098:Flags
922:Paella
827:Falles
655:Murcia
618:Aragon
531:syntax
386:People
264:
8830:Osage
8783:Algic
8773:Malay
8745:Nivkh
8658:Tamil
8635:Sotho
8518:Udege
8485:Yakut
8480:Uzbek
8460:Tatar
8455:Nogai
8375:Mansi
8313:Greek
8296:other
8215:Tajik
8085:Czech
7944:Welsh
7929:Irish
7824:Dutch
7785:Verbs
7770:Nouns
7525:Verbs
7515:Nouns
7273:S2CID
7191::7–8)
7031:(PDF)
6721:Notes
6604:se us
6600:la hi
6502:te'ls
6214:ca n'
6210:ca s'
6206:ca l'
6194:de s'
6190:de l'
6119:l'spa
6107:n'Hug
6103:l'ham
6083:l'odi
5753:, or
5689:cella
5682:ceŀla
5622:¿...?
5485:feliç
5280:/u.i/
5139:sortî
5135:témer
5089:schwa
5072:féieu
5068:fèieu
5064:féiem
5060:fèiem
5037:encer
5005:eixer
4998:encén
4990:entén
4970:depén
4966:depèn
4954:aprén
4950:aprèn
4900:admés
4896:admès
4769:/ˈte/
4751:/ˈes/
4662:parla
4573:entén
4547:parlà
4421:inter
4413:inter
4349:acute
4244:/u̯./
4148:/u̯./
4054:/i̯./
3977:anell
3842:reali
3825:/d͡z/
3820:/d͡z/
3801:/t͡ʃ/
3782:/t͡s/
3702:/d͡ʒ/
3546:/i̯ʃ/
3508:/t͡ʃ/
3440:Main
3404:uppie
3336:/t͡ʃ/
3017:/d͡ʒ/
2963:/t͡ʃ/
2959:/d͡ʒ/
2948:/t͡ʃ/
2532:/ˈve/
2514:/ˈve/
2466:/ˈte/
2456:/ˈte/
2439:/ˈes/
2404:/ˈeɾ/
2369:/ˈku/
2359:/ˈku/
2342:/ˈpe/
2332:/ˈpe/
2288:/ˈen/
2253:/ˈem/
2218:/ˈel/
2183:/ˈka/
2173:/ˈka/
2086:/ˈak/
2076:/ˈak/
2049:/ˈʒe/
2032:/ˈef/
1970:/ˈde/
1960:/ˈde/
1943:/ˈse/
1933:/ˈse/
1912:/ˈbe/
1894:/ˈbe/
1386:/sek/
1372:/sɛk/
1350:grave
1346:acute
1074:Sport
1039:Music
633:Ibiza
582:(IEC)
574:(AVL)
551:Verbs
537:Nouns
252:(IPA)
8735:Thai
8630:Fula
8503:Even
8397:Sámi
8365:Komi
8282:Odia
8258:Urdu
7934:Manx
7353:ISBN
7334:ISBN
7315:ISBN
7300:link
7043:2023
7005:ISBN
6984:link
6964:ISBN
6618:and
6602:and
6574:and
6510:n'hi
6506:la'n
6498:se'm
6494:li'n
6490:me'n
6427:de a
6325:la i
6186:a s'
6065:and
5941:gu (
5859:ix (
5836:and
5801:and
5789:and
5718:and
5702:The
5666:/lː/
5636:The
5496:falç
5470:cosa
5459:coca
5448:coça
5391:and
5384:but
5380:and
5374:/ui/
5372:and
5370:/gu/
5321:and
5274:and
5260:-uir
5250:reis
5239:suïs
5221:suís
5206:taüt
5193:raïm
5157:The
5131:témê
5127:anar
5083:The
4986:atén
4939:sisé
4935:sisè
4802:dóna
4791:dona
4762:/te/
4758:/tə/
4744:/es/
4740:/əs/
4698:Any
4506:pall
4488:past
4474:nima
4443:rrer
4396:tamb
4381:/ɛɔ/
4369:/eo/
4351:and
4302:/.w/
4298:/.u/
4246:, ∅
4184:cors
4108:/.i/
4056:, ∅
3759:tll
3740:/lː/
3735:/ʎː/
3634:/kw/
3596:/lː/
3550:/iʃ/
3541:/iʃ/
3471:/ɡu/
3467:/ɡw/
3358:iula
3348:/ɡz/
3344:/ks/
3329:/ɡz/
3325:/ks/
3160:, ∅
3144:uart
2929:usta
2845:arra
2746:and
2738:and
2717:essa
2709:erra
2663:zeta
2653:zeta
2605:xeix
2587:xeix
2493:/ˈu/
2483:/ˈu/
2426:esse
2416:essa
2391:erre
2381:erra
2315:/ˈo/
2305:/ˈo/
2151:jota
2141:jota
2125:/ˈi/
2107:/ˈi/
1997:/ˈe/
1987:/ˈe/
1873:/ˈa/
1863:/ˈa/
1797:meri
1755:and
1743:and
1731:and
1715:and
1410:and
1361:adeu
1355:adéu
1308:and
1256:and
1213:and
1209:The
901:Coca
768:and
764:See
684:See
590:and
193:~~~~
93:lang
8640:Vai
7265:doi
7236::2)
7179::8)
7061::6)
6944:. «
6919:/ə/
6888:/b/
6884:/v/
6844:gel
6832:mig
6793:or
6757:fre
6750:clu
6668:cor
6665:of
6654:mar
6648:por
6620:/ɾ/
6616:/r/
6566:or
6558:or
6552:les
6536:vos
6397:or
6287:or
6271:or
6178:can
6174:cas
6170:cal
6166:pes
6162:pel
6158:des
6154:del
6141:).
5805:).
5674:/ʎ/
5655:or
5653:ela
5642:or
5527:or
5516:or
5490:or
5475:or
5464:or
5453:or
5444:/s/
5421:Ç ç
5352:or
5333:).
5329:or
5311:/k/
5309:or
5307:/ɡ/
5303:/w/
5294:).
5233:or
5211:or
5198:or
5180:or
5123:anâ
5111:/d/
4976:or
4856:/ə/
4852:/ɛ/
4830:/e/
4825:vs
4823:/ɛ/
4807:or
4796:or
4784:més
4778:or
4773:mes
4760:or
4742:or
4724:or
4711:or
4689:or
4678:or
4667:or
4649:or
4636:or
4623:, -
4607:or
4596:or
4578:or
4565:or
4552:or
4516:or
4498:or
4480:or
4461:xim
4449:or
4431:or
4419:or
4405:or
4280:/u/
4258:cre
4240:/u/
4221:/o/
4202:/ɔ/
4191:asi
4158:/o/
4154:/ɔ/
4144:/u/
4140:/o/
4136:/ɔ/
4125:nat
4090:/i/
4050:/i/
4031:/e/
4014:bit
4005:/e/
4001:/ɛ/
3996:/ə/
3994:, *
3992:/ɛ/
3955:/e/
3951:/ɛ/
3945:/ə/
3941:/e/
3937:/ɛ/
3918:/a/
3908:mar
3892:/a/
3887:/ə/
3883:/a/
3829:/z/
3816:tz
3797:tx
3778:ts
3770:tll
3763:/ʎ/
3745:gua
3721:via
3717:tj
3698:tg
3683:/s/
3679:ss
3664:/r/
3660:rr
3650:per
3638:/k/
3630:qu
3615:/ɲ/
3611:ny
3605:egi
3580:bro
3575:/ʎ/
3571:ll
3537:/ʃ/
3533:ix
3524:des
3504:ig
3483:ant
3475:/ɡ/
3463:gu
3429:ona
3421:/z/
3408:lad
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