227:
547:
448:
538:(INS). Her most important legal victory came from Sung v. McGrath (339 U.S. 908, 1950). In this case, the Supreme Court acknowledged that INS was subject to the same administrative and procedural rules as all other federal departments. This ruling froze deportation hearings until the INS agreed to comply with the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act.
273:
After graduating from law school in 1920 and being admitted to the bar, she commenced her practice at the firm of Hale, Nelles, and Schorr. King became known for her dedication to defending civil rights, particularly in cases involving victims of antiradical hysteria. She gained recognition for her
265:
In 1916, she was among many who had not paid her
Athletic Association dues but was in good enough standing to appear listed as a member in the yearbook as well as a committee member for Greek Games. She graduated in 1916. In 1917, she entered law school and in 1920 graduated with a JD in Law from
237:
Born August 24, 1895, Carole
Therese Weiss was the youngest child of Samuel William Weiss and Carrie Stix. Her father was a founder of the law firm of Frank and Weiss (1875–1880), then practiced alone (1880–1910). Her eldest brother, William S. Weiss, continued their father's firm until
498:
in his trial in July 1947. She accused FBI agent, Robert J. Lamphere, of framing Eisler. After only a few hours of deliberation, the jury brought in a guilty verdict and he was sentenced to a year in prison. Lamphere asked Eisler as the court was adjourning, "Gerhart, do you think you got a fair
253:
as a member of the Class of 1916. Archives show many sides of her college life. In 1913, she appeared in a school play, partook in "Mysteries" (sorority rushing), and played basketball. In 1914, she was known as "man-hating" yet managed to appear "resplendent" for the
Sophomore Dance. She also
403:
had been a member of the
International Juridical Association, of which the late Carol King, a habitual attorney for Communists in trouble, was a moving spirit. The International Juridical Association has been cited as subversive by the Attorney General. Also among its members:
653:
Carol Weiss King '16, is a prominent lawyer specializing in immigration work. She has served as counsel in several well-known cases, including the Harry
Bridges case, for which she was chief counsel up through the U.S. Supreme Court; and the
334:
cases, which Pollak successfully argued in the U.S. Supreme Court, among other cases. (Another source cites her as head partner of "Shorr, Brodsky, and King in 1925.) King also associated with left-wing activists, including members of the
349:
In her 30-year career, she represented hundreds of foreign-born radicals threatened with deportation in administrative proceedings in the lower courts and in the
Supreme Court. In 1942, she became general counsel to the
499:
trial?" He replied: "Yes, a fair trial but an unfair indictment." Lamphere later recalled: "It was the last time I saw Eisler in person; in a way, I almost liked him - his bravado was astonishing."
631:
She married Gordon
Congdon King in 1917. Her husband died of pneumonia in 1930, leaving her a widow with one son—and her work. (Her brother William married 1915 Barnard alumna, Ray Levi.)
486:
presidential nominee, to represent
Schneiderman before the Supreme Court. King won this case in 1943, preventing the Government's revocation of the Communist Party leader's citizenship.
258:, whereafter her name appeared as an associate editor. In 1914–15, she was active in the English Club. In 1915, she was involved in the Social Science League, which discussed theories of
306:
newspaper listed her as one of their most successful solicitors of subscriptions. That same year, she had formed a "loose partnership" with radical attorneys. These included
202:(24 August 1895 – 22 January 1952) was a well-known immigration lawyer, renowned for her advocacy in defending the civil rights of immigrants, key founder of the
526:
Although the J. Peters case was among the best known of King's career, Ann Fagan Ginger makes only a single reference to it in her biography of more than 500 pages.
578:. The communists were accused of charged conspiring to "teach and advocate violent overthrow" of the government. The other lawyers were: Abraham L. Pomerantz,
282:
By the end of 1916, Weiss was "doing volunteer work for the
American Association for Labor Legislation." In 1917, she was a volunteer research assistant for the
351:
144:
519:
as mastermind of a Soviet underground spy ring operating in
Washington, DC, during the 1930s and 1940s) and counseled Peters on how to testify before the
673:
The National Lawyers Guild's Immigration Project presents the Carol King award each year in Ms. King's honor to an outstanding immigration advocate.
1622:
336:
1612:
274:
expertise in immigration law, contributing significantly to the field. Throughout her career, she emphasized research and legal brief writing.
1131:
1013:
995:
977:
1627:
1433:
1192:
1149:
1088:
887:
869:
1470:
1451:
1049:
1031:
905:
243:
923:
959:
941:
290:
478:
exemplifies her success in enlisting other (male) attorneys to work for free on key constitutional cases — in this case, recruiting
1607:
1597:
535:
520:
1067:
609:
King herself made only one appearance before the Supreme Court, in Butterfield v. Zydok (342 U.S. 524, 1952), which she lost.
1330:
1218:
1167:
1492:
388:
In 1942, she became general counsel for the American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born, until her death in 1952
1637:
1632:
379:
203:
152:
1240:
270:; her brother Louis graduated with a BA in Law from Columbia University, although he started law school a year earlier.
666:
Other alumnae who appeared in that article include poet Leonie Adams Troy ('22), author Irma Simonton Black ('27), and
463:
1534:
782:
483:
1617:
1568:
Thompson, Craig (17 February 1951). "The Communists's Dearest Friend". Saturday Evening Post. pp. 30, 90–93.
815:
Thompson, Craig (17 February 1951). "The Communists's Dearest Friend". Saturday Evening Post. pp. 30, 90–93.
635:
283:
97:
574:
In 1951, King joined more than half a dozen other lawyers in defending 17 Communist Party members, including
262:
and for which she was running as secretary-treasurer. For the Athletic Club, she served as pitcher in 1914.
354:(ACPFB). Due to her association with controversial clients, King herself was subject to surveillance by the
346:
an ACLU digest that recorded state and federal cases involving significant questions of constitutional law.
1592:
555:
1394:
367:
148:
326:. One of Carol Weiss King's first and most durable relationships was with Pollak, a onetime partner of
1602:
462:, who faced deportation in 1938 for alleged membership in the Communist Party. The case reached the
847:
619:
She also represented petitioner Harisiades in the important U.S. Supreme Court immigration law case
375:
575:
551:
207:
156:
378:) and served on its legal advisory committee. In 1931, she became the primary founder of the
1219:"UNITED STATES ex rel. GILETTI v. COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION, ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR"
330:, whom she met through her brother-in-law Carl Stern. King, Pollak and Stern worked on the
1587:
1582:
655:
475:
1302:
8:
1390:
1168:"UNITED STATES ex rel. BRAZIER et al. v. COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION AT PORT OF NEW YORK"
409:
267:
1106:
1552:
1353:
1316:
1262:
742:
603:
559:
516:
392:
1367:
649:
Barnard College recognized Carol Weiss King in a 1951 issue of the Barnard Bulletin:
293:(ILGWU). In 1921, she had opened her own law office. In 1923, her name appears in the
226:
1540:
1530:
1326:
1274:
788:
778:
579:
427:
307:
681:
583:
412:(one of the attorneys for the eleven convicted Communist leaders), Max Loewenthal (
327:
1320:
659:
479:
432:
331:
250:
230:
87:
1107:"Carol Weiss King | Civil Rights Activist, Women's Rights Advocate | Britannica"
606:, Henry G. Singer, Abraham J. Gellinoff, Raphael P. Koenig, and Nicholas Atlas.
242:, also entered his father's first Frank and Weiss, which developed into today's
613:
599:
587:
495:
311:
239:
191:
128:
1576:
667:
595:
591:
567:
459:
451:
413:
323:
315:
259:
124:
1267:
1241:"Report on the National Lawyers Guild, Legal Bulwark of the Communist Party"
638:(FBI) kept King under surveillance due to her close communist associations.
602:'s lawyer George Wolf, William W. Kleinman, Joseph L. Delaney, Frank Serri,
677:
563:
512:
405:
302:
289:
By 1920, as Carol Weiss King, she volunteered to work with Local 25 of the
215:
211:
546:
319:
695:
400:
508:
132:
425:
King supported several United States Supreme Court cases including
662:. Mrs. King has also published numerous articles for law reviews.
1396:
Red Conspirator: J. Peters and the American Communist Underground
1544:
1278:
792:
447:
210:
in the United States. Her left-leaning career spanned from the
1303:"Finding Aid to the William Schneiderman Papers larc.ms.0327"
641:
On January 22, 1952, Carol Weiss King age 56 died of cancer.
371:
238:
forced to stop by multiple sclerosis. Another older brother,
466:, which reversed the deportation order during World War II.
1322:
Willkie: The Events He Was Part of, the Ideas He Fought For
355:
1555:. Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
745:. Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
385:
In 1937, she helped found the National Lawyers Guild.
352:
American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born
145:
American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born
1197:
Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
1380:Robert J. Lamphere, The FBI-KGB War (1986) page 62
1266:
848:"Guide to the Carol Weiss King FOIA Files TAM 394"
680:(who married King's niece), wrote the foreword to
1574:
1527:Carol Weiss King, human rights lawyer, 1895-1952
775:Carol Weiss King, human rights lawyer, 1895-1952
676:Walter Pollak's son, Senior U.S. District Judge
474:King's representation of Communist Party leader
190:William Stix Weiss; Nina Henrietta Weiss Stern,
1297:
1295:
1187:
1185:
416:), author of a recent book attacking the F.B.I.
337:Communist Party of the United States of America
123:Pro-communist, civil rights legal defenses of
1418:"Judge Relieves Defense Aides In Red Trial".
1315:
1243:. U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO). 1950
1150:"Alumnae Vocational Conference - February 15"
1083:
1081:
1292:
1182:
469:
244:Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
1078:
842:
626:
458:King's best-known client was union leader
291:International Ladies Garment Workers Union
1529:. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
1389:
1383:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
777:. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
554:, shown here (center) in 1913 photo with
1567:
1471:"Former Bulletin Eds Attain Career Fame"
1325:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 321–323.
1261:
814:
757:
545:
446:
297:as "lawyer" without affiliation stated.
225:
1468:
1255:
693:"The Sacco-Vanzetti Case is not Dead,"
684:'s 1993 biography of Carol Weiss King.
658:case, in which she was co-counsel with
529:
361:
1623:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
1575:
1524:
819:
799:
772:
737:
735:
733:
536:Immigration and Naturalization Service
521:House Un-American Activities Committee
489:
366:In 1925, she helped Brodsky found the
1613:American women civil rights activists
1493:"The Sacco-Vanzetti Case is not Dead"
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
612:African-American Communist organizer
507:King also defended "red conspirator"
442:
1487:
534:King took on many cases against the
1628:20th-century American women lawyers
1518:
1233:
380:International Juridical Association
204:International Juridical Association
153:International Juridical Association
13:
1170:. Court Listener. 15 December 1924
850:. New York University. 29 May 2018
710:
464:Supreme Court of the United States
391:In a footnote in his 1952 memoir,
14:
1649:
1221:. Court Listener. 4 November 1929
502:
254:joined the managing board of the
1469:Collins, Peggy (12 April 1951).
1305:. Online Archives of California.
594:. Later, they were relieved by
1608:American civil rights activists
1481:
1462:
1444:
1426:
1411:
1374:
1360:
1346:
1309:
1211:
1193:"King, Carol Weiss (1895–1952)"
1160:
1142:
1124:
1099:
1060:
1042:
1024:
1020:. December 13, 1915. p. 3.
1006:
1002:. November 29, 1915. p. 3.
988:
984:. November 30, 1914. p. 2.
970:
952:
636:Federal Bureau of Investigation
374:(then operating under the name
342:In 1924, she began to edit the
206:, and a founding member of the
1399:. University of Illinois Press
1138:. 19 December 1917. p. 6.
1095:. October 21, 1921. p. 5.
934:
916:
898:
880:
862:
284:American Civil Liberties Union
98:New York University Law School
1:
1598:20th-century American lawyers
1440:. 11 October 1917. p. 4.
1156:. 9 February 1923. p. 1.
1056:. March 13, 1916. p. 88.
894:. 13 October 1913. p. 1.
876:. 3 November 1913. p. 1.
703:
221:
1038:. April 27, 1914. p. 4.
16:American lawyer and activist
7:
1458:. 13 April 1917. p. 4.
1422:. 9 August 1951. p. 2.
912:. 12 March 1913. p. 1.
368:International Labor Defense
149:International Labor Defense
10:
1654:
1638:20th-century American Jews
1633:New York University alumni
1525:Ginger, Ann Fagan (1993).
1273:. New York: Random House.
966:. May 11, 1914. p. 2.
948:. May 11, 1914. p. 4.
930:. 9 March 1914. p. 1.
773:Ginger, Ann Fagan (1993).
550:Carol Weiss King's client
511:against the INS (named by
454:(1937), whom King defended
644:
621:Harisiades v. Shaughnessy
470:William Schneiderman 1940
277:
186:
182:Samuel Weiss, Carrie Stix
178:
170:
162:
138:
119:
111:
107:Attorney, legal organizer
103:
93:
83:
75:
67:
51:
28:
21:
1074:. 1916. pp. 88, 98.
687:
541:
420:
376:Workers Party of America
344:Law and Freedom Bulletin
1014:"Social Science League"
906:"14-16 Basketball Game"
627:Personal life and death
300:In 1924, the communist
249:In 1912, Weiss entered
1618:Barnard College alumni
1032:"Baseball '16 vs. '17"
960:"New Bulletin Members"
942:"New Bulletin Members"
664:
623:, 342 U.S. 580, 1952.
576:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
571:
570:and Bill Haywood right
552:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
494:King also represented
455:
418:
234:
208:National Lawyers Guild
157:National Lawyers Guild
651:
549:
450:
397:
229:
1452:"Alumnae Department"
1391:Sakmyster, Thomas L.
1132:"Alumnae Department"
656:William Schneiderman
616:was another client.
556:Paterson silk strike
530:Sung v. McGrath 1950
523:(HUAC) (1948-1949).
476:William Schneiderman
399:In the early 1930s,
362:ILD, IJA, ACPFB, NLG
33:Carole Therese Weiss
1593:Immigration lawyers
1263:Chambers, Whittaker
490:Gerhart Eisler 1947
268:New York University
166:Gordon Congdon King
1553:"Carol Weiss King"
1111:www.britannica.com
743:"Carol Weiss King"
604:Osmond K. Fraenkel
572:
517:Whittaker Chambers
456:
443:Harry Bridges 1938
431:(1932) (the first
393:Whittaker Chambers
235:
1354:"Robert Lamphere"
1332:978-0-7581-3826-2
924:"Sophomore Dance"
582:, Michael Begun,
580:Victor Rabinowitz
437:Herndon v. Lowrey
428:Powell v. Alabama
308:Joseph R. Brodsky
197:
196:
112:Years active
62:New York City, US
46:New York City, US
1645:
1603:American lawyers
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1548:
1519:External sources
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:Barnard Bulletin
1466:
1460:
1459:
1456:Barnard Bulletin
1448:
1442:
1441:
1438:Barnard Bulletin
1430:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:"Gerhart Eisler"
1364:
1358:
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1350:
1344:
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1339:
1313:
1307:
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1189:
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1177:
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1164:
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1154:Barnard Bulletin
1146:
1140:
1139:
1136:Barnard Bulletin
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:Barnard Bulletin
1085:
1076:
1075:
1072:Barnard Bulletin
1064:
1058:
1057:
1054:Barnard Bulletin
1046:
1040:
1039:
1036:Barnard Bulletin
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:Barnard Bulletin
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:Barnard Bulletin
992:
986:
985:
982:Barnard Bulletin
974:
968:
967:
964:Barnard Bulletin
956:
950:
949:
946:Barnard Bulletin
938:
932:
931:
928:Barnard Bulletin
920:
914:
913:
910:Barnard Bulletin
902:
896:
895:
892:Barnard Bulletin
884:
878:
877:
874:Barnard Bulletin
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
844:
817:
816:
812:
797:
796:
770:
755:
754:
752:
750:
739:
682:Ann Fagan Ginger
586:, Mary Kaufman,
584:Harold I. Cammer
484:Republican Party
410:Abraham Isserman
328:Benjamin Cardozo
295:Barnard Bulletin
256:Barnard Bulletin
200:Carol Weiss King
192:Louis Stix Weiss
141:
76:Other names
58:
55:January 22, 1952
42:
40:
23:Carol Weiss King
19:
18:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1537:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1491:(August 1933).
1486:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1434:"Alumnae Notes"
1432:
1431:
1427:
1420:Washington Post
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
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1352:
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1183:
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1148:
1147:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1089:"Alumnae Notes"
1087:
1086:
1079:
1068:"Athletic Club"
1066:
1065:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1007:
994:
993:
989:
976:
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971:
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953:
940:
939:
935:
922:
921:
917:
904:
903:
899:
886:
885:
881:
868:
867:
863:
853:
851:
846:
845:
820:
813:
800:
785:
771:
758:
748:
746:
741:
740:
711:
706:
690:
660:Wendell Willkie
647:
629:
560:Patrick Quinlan
544:
532:
505:
492:
480:Wendell Willkie
472:
445:
433:Scottsboro Boys
423:
364:
332:Scottsboro Boys
280:
251:Barnard College
231:Barnard College
224:
139:
94:Alma mater
88:Barnard College
63:
60:
56:
47:
44:
43:August 24, 1895
38:
36:
35:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1651:
1641:
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1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1549:
1535:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1480:
1461:
1443:
1425:
1410:
1393:(March 2011).
1382:
1373:
1359:
1345:
1331:
1308:
1291:
1254:
1232:
1210:
1181:
1159:
1141:
1123:
1098:
1077:
1059:
1041:
1023:
1005:
996:"English Club"
987:
978:"English Club"
969:
951:
933:
915:
897:
879:
870:"C.S.A. Party"
861:
818:
798:
783:
756:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
689:
686:
646:
643:
628:
625:
614:Angelo Herndon
600:Frank Costello
588:Leonard Boudin
543:
540:
531:
528:
504:
503:J. Peters 1948
501:
496:Gerhart Eisler
491:
488:
471:
468:
444:
441:
422:
419:
363:
360:
312:Swinburne Hale
279:
276:
240:Louis S. Weiss
223:
220:
195:
194:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
142:
136:
135:
129:Gerhart Eisler
121:
120:Known for
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
59:(aged 56)
53:
49:
48:
45:
32:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1650:
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1566:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1536:0-87081-285-8
1532:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1414:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:Joseph Barnes
1312:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1242:
1236:
1220:
1214:
1199:. 18 May 2010
1198:
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216:McCarthy Era
212:Palmer Raids
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140:Notable work
57:(1952-01-22)
1588:1952 deaths
1583:1895 births
1559:27 December
1489:King, Carol
1403:27 December
1247:28 November
1174:27 December
1050:"A.A. Dues"
888:"Mysteries"
749:27 December
598:, gangster
482:, the 1940
320:Isaac Shorr
68:Nationality
1577:Categories
1500:New Masses
1284:2 December
1117:2024-02-22
854:19 October
704:References
696:New Masses
435:case) and
222:Background
79:Carol King
39:1895-08-24
566:left and
509:J. Peters
179:Parent(s)
133:J. Peters
115:1917–1952
84:Education
1545:92040157
1319:(1952).
1279:52005149
1265:(1952).
793:92040157
558:leaders
439:(1937).
395:notes:
370:for the
286:(ACLU).
171:Children
71:American
1269:Witness
670:('23).
214:to the
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1338:7 July
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645:Legacy
590:, and
322:, and
278:Career
187:Family
163:Spouse
1496:(PDF)
688:Works
542:Later
421:Cases
372:CPUSA
1561:2010
1541:LCCN
1531:ISBN
1508:2020
1502:: 22
1405:2010
1340:2024
1327:ISBN
1286:2016
1275:LCCN
1249:2016
1227:2017
1205:2017
1176:2010
856:2018
789:LCCN
779:ISBN
751:2010
634:The
562:and
515:and
401:Hiss
52:Died
29:Born
356:FBI
174:son
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