Captivity of Kodavas at Seringapatam

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kodakani ishanrA Itarda girand va amvali ishanra bar Musalmanan khismat kuuand. Hazrat risalat, salairahii 'alailii va sallani, farmiid ki ai S'acl M'aaz hukm karJi ki Khiiclai T'aala bar balai haft asman hukm karda biid: va Hakh Subhanahu azin vakh'aa khabar midehad: va farmud farod avard Khuda ananra ki yiiri dadand ahzabra va ham pushti ishan gashtand az ahl Tavarait y'ani Yahud kharizara farod avard az kharahai ishan va afgand dar dilhai ishan tars az paighambar va lashkari u giirohera ki kushidande noh-sad tan bekushtand ya haft-sad tan va barda migired gurohera y'ani farzandan va zauani ishanra va miras dad shumara zamini ishan y'ani mazar'ay va hadaikh va sarahai ishan y'ani liusun va khaVa va malhai ishan az nak'aud va amt'aa va niav'ashi va arazi va bashaina dLid zamin ra ki berafta aid daian ya maUki an buded murad Khaiber ast ya dayaro Piiun ya mumahki Faris: va gufta and har zaminke bahavze Islam darayed ta khiyamat dariu dakhil ast: va hast Khuda bar har chiz khadir va tuvana.

311: 531:(lancers) all numbering ten thousand people escaped with their weapons to Coorg. Tipu's batteries were taken and there was confusion among Tipu's troops during that nightly encounter. According to Moegling, 5000 Coorgs, who had been carried away by Tippu with their wives and children, altogether 12,000 souls, made their escape and returned to their native country (Coorg). These Kodava Muslim converts remained Muslims as they could not be reconverted to Hinduism, even if they had so desired. Their descendants, many of them now inter-married with the 191:

left, two Nairs (Munmate and Ranga) came to Coorg, occupied it and prepared to take Mercara. They incited the Coorgs and rebellion again broke out in Kodagu that same year (1785). The faujdar then appealed to Tipu for help. In response Tipu sent some troops with general Janulabdin (also called Zain-ul-Abidin Shushtary or Zain-ul-Abedin Shustri) into Coorg to the Faujdar's relief. (According to Moegling, p. 95 and Tarikh-i-Coorg, 15,000 soldiers were sent but according to Kirmani, p. 292 2,000 soldiers were sent) They were defeated at

213: 102: 459: 174:. Hyder had him punished and had eminent men hanged. After occupying the country, Hyder gave it to Appaji Raja, the leading man, appointed him the 'Raja of Great Coorg', collected annual tribute and established a garrison there under a Commandant. Appaji died in 1776 and Linga Raja, his uncle, succeeded him. 519:

In 1790, Dodda Vira Rajendra signed a treaty with the British, who promised to protect his kingdom against Tipu's onslaught. In 1792, Coorg became independent of Mysore once again. Eventually, Kodagu backed the British troops and Tipu fell on 4 May 1799. According to the 1799 Asiatic Annual Register,

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Oh Almighty God! dispose the whole body of infidels! Scatter their tribe, cause their feet to stagger! Overthrow their councils, change their state, destroy their very root! Cause death to be near them, cut off from them the means of sustenance! Shorten their days! Be their bodies the constant object

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Col. Kirkpatrick translated Tipu's letters into English. At one time he writes: "There are 500 Coorg prisoners, who must be thrown, in parties of fifty, into ten forts, where they must be dealt with in such a manner as shall insure their death in the course of a month or twenty days-such of the women

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B'adaz fararl kuffar hukm shud ki baharbi Bani Khuraiza ravand ki 'ahad shikasta madadgariahzab namudand : lashkari Islani ishanra panzda shaban roz mahasaru kardand va kar bar ishan tang shud va bar hukrai S'ad-bin-M'aaz farod amadand. Va Sad hukra kavd ki mardani ishanra bakushand va zanan va

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In another place he writes: "By the favor of the Almighty and the assistance of the Prophet, we have arranged and adjusted the affairs of the Taalik of Zufeerabad in the most suitable manner; the tribe of Koorgs, to the number of fifty thousand Christian men and women, having been made captive, and

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rebels who were besieged by the invading army. 40,000 Kodavas fled to the woods and concealed themselves in the mountains. The Coorgs had fought with great courage but were defeated and a large number of them had been taken captive. The actual number of Kodavas that were captured in the operation is

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The Coorgs had rebelled and driven out the Sultanate's forces. When Tipu became ruler of Mysore he ordered the princes removed from Goruru and placed in Periapatam (Periyapatna in Mysore). Then he sent Hyder Ali Beg and Raja Kankeri to suppress the Coorg rebels. At first they achieved some success

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We proceeded with the utmost speed, and, at once, made prisoners of 40,000 occasion-seeking and sedition-exciting Koorgs (Coorgis), who alarmed at the approach of our victorious army, had slunk into woods, and concealed themselves in lofty mountains, inaccessible even to birds. Then carrying them

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In 1785 Tipu marched into Coorg and defeated the stiff resistance of the rebels. Tipu occupied Mercara renamed it Zafarabad, appointed Zain ul Abidin Mahdavi (also called Zain-ul-Abedin Khan Mehdivi) the faujdar in charge of Coorg and Tipu returned to Seringapatam (Srirangapatna). But when Tipu

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Linga Raja died in 1780 leaving behind his young sons, the eldest being (Dodda) Vira Rajendra. As they were young, Hyder became their guardian and took over Coorg completely. Instead of setting a son of the previous Raja, Hyder Ali made a priest (Subbarasaya) the ruler in Coorg. The Coorgs were

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escaped with help from his Coorg friends. A dispute rose between the Kodagu Raja and Kote Raja who was aided by Nagappayya. Nagappayya however was later captured by the Kodagu Raja. Meanwhile, the Kodagu Raja also engaged Tipu's troops and send them away from Coorg, its extremes being

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unexpectedly invaded Coorg, some Coorgs were assembled on a wooded hill when Hyder's troops encompassed it. Hyder offered five rupees for every head of a Coorg (Kodava) that was brought before him. After some time when his soldiers brought him 700 heads, Hyder got the carnage stopped.

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Khaulahu Ta'ala :—va anzalallazina zaharuhum min ahhlkitabi min syasihim va khazafa fi khulu-bihimurroba farikhan takhtaliin va tusiruna farikhan va avarasakum arzahum va diyarahum va amvalahum va arzan lam tatavha va kanallahu 'ala kuUi shayin

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Tipu then camped at Devatu Parambu. He first negotiated with the Coorgs worked an amicable settlement and made them feel secure. But then suddenly Tipu seized men, women and children and carried them captive to Seringapatam (Srirangapatna) in

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had been renamed to Zafarabad. The Muslim descendants of the Kodavas who were forcibly converted into Islam, after Tipu Sultan's army on various forays into Coorg had captured them and thrown them into the Seringapatam prison, are called

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To prevent further uprisings the Coorgs had been transported to Mysore. Wilks says that the prisoners were about 70,000. According to Punganuri, only about 500 souls (men, women and children) whom Tipu caught in Coorg were all made

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committed against Coorgi captives in the prisons, which included Coorgi women and children who were placed under the hostile men of the Sultan. Uncaptured Coorgis who were leaderless rallied around the 24-year-old prince

1557:: "However, the image of Tipu in the memoirs of the people of Coorg, Malabar and South Kanara conforms more to the one presented by Kirkpatrick and Wilks, one of a bitter religious bigot and a ferocious conquistadore." 199:

he again suffered a loss, the rebels pursued him, captured his baggage and killed many of his men. The fleeing army of Tippu Sultan left behind a large cache of arms and ammunition, including cannonballs imported from

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Coorg was again invaded by Hyder in 1773 at the invitation of Linga Raja who claimed the throne for his nephew Appaji Raja against Devappa Raja of Horamale. In 1774, Devaya (Devappa Raja of Horamale) the Raja of

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What you write, concerning the death of five hundred Koorgs from the small-pox, is understood. The whole country is covered with underwood. They must be kept where the climate may best agree with them.

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the Assud Illahee (Asadulai) of Srirangapatana (Seringapatam) were converts and of two kinds: Ahmadis who were Carnatic Christians and the Mohammadies who were Coorgs. Wilks also speaks of the Asadulai.

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temple. Later the 'Maleyalam' (Malabar) people joined the Coorgs. Tipu sent Gulam Ali into Malabar but en route Gulam was attacked by the Coorgs. Gulam managed to reach Malabar where he burnt down the

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In 1789 Tipu sent Gulam Ali, Gaji Khan and Darvedil Khan with troops into Coorg by way of Siddhesvara. They took up strong positions in Coorg, seized grain, taking prisoners. They set fire to the

350:. They were settled on farm lands and advanced loans. But some of them returned to Mysore because the climate of Coorg did not suit them. Nagappayya, a nephew of Subbarasaya, was appointed 450:

where he halted. There he ordered some of the inhabitants to be made Asadulai (captured and converted), placed Officer Ghafar in command there and had a wooden fort or stockade built.

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enraged with this and hence revolted in June 1782. Hyder got the princes removed from Madikeri (Mercara) to Goruru (in Hassan region) so as to deprive the Coorgs of a rallying point.

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Historians doubt the letter from British colonial source as to be genuine as such demography of 60000 christians population inhabiting Koorg is not correct from Tipu Sultan rule

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clans, along with their families. However, this attempt proved to be partly successful, as many of them were eventually slain or fled after Tipu lost Coorg. The Coorg capital of

280:, Husain Ali Khan, Mir Mahmud and Imam Khan in different directions to crush the Coorgs (Kirmani p. 297). Tipu gave the task of implementing the orders to Runmust Khan, the 737: 299:

gives it as 60,000 Christians, Historian Lewis Rice arrives at the figure of 85,000, while Mir Kirmani's score for the Coorg campaign is 80,000 men, women and child prisoners.

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as are young must be given to Musselmauns; and the rest, together with their children, must be removed to, and kept in confinement, at Seringapatam, on a small allowance."

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away from their native country (the native place of sedition) we raised them (60000 Christian prisoner) to the honour of Islam, and incorporated them into our Ahmedy corps.

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and constitute a very small minority in modern Kodagu. In spite of their change in faith, they maintained their original Kodava clan names and dress habits and speak

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village by 4000–5000 Coorgs. Janulabdin reached the fort at Mercara but finding it hard to hold on he tried to escape to Bettadapura in Mysore. While retreating, at

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who had become rebellious, he heard of another rebellion in Coorg. He sent a force towards Coorg under Burhan ud Din and Sayed Hamid. Tipu himself marched through

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Historians doubt the letter as sixty-thousands to seventy-thousands christians living in Coorgs as genuine before arrival of British missionary to India.

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With Coorg depopulated of its original inhabitants, Tipu sought to islamize it with Muslim settlements. To this end, he brought in 7,000 men from the

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You will also make a daily allowance of one pice to such of the children of the Koorgs, between five and ten years old, as you may think proper.

1382: 723: 141:(Mercara). He gave gifts to the twelve barons who had been under the king, levied money from them and returned to his capital Seringapatam ( 1948: 705: 505:

The following is a translation of an inscription on a stone found at Seringapatam, which was situated in a conspicuous place in the fort:

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while he brought people from elsewhere into Coorg. In the place of the deported Coorgs were brought new settlers from Adwani in

648: 1917: 1887: 685: 675: 162:(called 'Coorgman' or 'Koduguwala' by Punganuri) rebelled, made his escape and hid in Basavapatnam (a place located between 1968: 879: 1621: 604: 1963: 1215: 1039: 994: 928: 889: 855: 821: 658: 523:

During the Mysore War (1789–1792) in 1791, one night the British attacked the Sultan's army which fled. That day the

616: 1953: 1958: 738:"Two-faced Tipu Sultan: Political double trouble | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis" 1609: 635: 133:, lasted 3 months and eight days. The fort of Coorg surrendered in 1765 and the Raja had previously fled into 81:

under the leadership of Veera Rajendra continued to rebel and fight the forces of Tippu until his death. The

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